« Ce n'est pas assez d'avoir l'esprit bon, mais le principal est de l'appliquer bien. » -René Descartres, (It’s not enough to have a good mind; the most important thing is to use it well.) Françai s 2B Unité 8 Unité 8 Je m’appelle_______________________________________ Study Guide
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« Ce n'est pas assez d'avoir l'esprit bon, mais le principal est de l'appliquer bien. » -René Descartres,
(It’s not enough to have a good mind; the most important thing is to use it well.)
Français 2B
Unité 8
Unité 8Je m’appelle_______________________________________ Study Guide
Les animaux
un chat _________________________________________________
une statue _________________________________________________
une cathédrale _________________________________________________
une poste _________________________________________________
une banque _________________________________________________
une ville _________________________________________________
en ville _________________________________________________
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Position of Irregular AdjectivesAs you know, almost all adjectives in French go after the noun. However, the following lists are adjectives that go before the noun.
This list of adjectives is commonly referred to as BAGS adjectives, as it is an acronym for the types of adjectives below.
BeautyAge Ex: J’aime ce beau garçon! J’adore ce nouvel livre.GoodnessSize
beau bel beaux belle bellesnouveau nouvel nouveaux nouvelle nouvelles
vieux vieil vieux vieille vieilles
Passé-composé with « avoir » The passé composé has three possible English equivalents.
For example : J’ai dansé.
1. I danced. 2. I have danced. 3. I did dance.
How to form the passé-composé in French.
1. Start with a helper verb or auxiliary verb (le verbe auxiliaire) which for the vast majority of verbs in French will be AVOIR in the present tense.
J’ ai Nous avons
Tu as Vous avez
Il/Elle/On a Ils/ Elles ont
2. Next add a past participle (le participe passé) which is the past tense form of a verb. Look at how regular er, re and ir verbs change into past participles below.
ER verbs é (drop the R add an accent to the é) ex: aimer aimé
IR verbs i (drop the R) ex: choisir choisi
RE verbs u (drop the RE and add a U) ex: perdre perdu
3. Put it all together with your helper verb and you’re done !
J’ ai aimé Nous avons aimé
Tu as aimé Vous avez aimé
Il/Elle/On a aimé Ils/ Elles ont aimé
Notice how the only thing that changes is the helper verb?The past participles stay the same no matter what your subject is.
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Irregular past participles
Some part participles are irregular, in which case you need to memorize them. The
good thing is that they all function the same as regular past participles in the passé-
composé.
J’ ai eu Nous avons eu
Tu as eu Vous avez eu
Il/Elle/On a eu Ils/ Elles ont eu
avoir (to have) ______________ Ex: Il a eu
devoir (to have to) ______________ Ex: Nous avons dû
pleuvoir (to rain) ______________ Ex: Il a plu
pouvoir (to be able to) ______________ Ex: J’ai pu
voir (to see) ______________ Ex: Vous avez vu
vouloir (to want) ______________ Ex: On a voulu
mettre (to put) ______________ Ex: Elles ont mis
prendre (to take) ______________ Ex: Tu as pris
être (to be) ______________ Ex: Elle a été
faire (to make,do) ______________ Ex: Il a fait
offrir (to offer) ______________ Ex: J’ai offert
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NEGATIVES in the passé compose
To write a sentence in the passé composé using most negative expressionsthe ne…pas goes AROUND the helper verb.
l'été passé ______________________________________________________
il y a + time ______________________________________________________
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* Days of the week are not capitalized unless they are at the
beginning of the sentence.
*To imply that you do something often on a particular day of the
week, add LE before the day of the week.
Ex: Le lundi, je vais à l’école.On Mondays, I go to school.
Passé-composé avec « être » The passé composé has three possible English equivalents.
For example : Je suis allé.
1. I went. 2. I have gone. 3. I did go.
How to form the passé-composé in French.
1. Start with a helper verb or auxiliary verb (le verbe auxiliaire) which for a small group of verbs is être.
Je suis Nous sommes
Tu es Vous êtes
Il/Elle/On est Ils/ Elles sont
2. Next add a past participle (le participe passé) which is the past tense form of a verb. Look at how regular er, re and ir verbs change into past participles below.
ER verbs é (drop the R add an accent to the é) ex: aller allé
IR verbs i (drop the R) ex: sortir sorti
RE verbs u (drop the RE and add a U) ex: descendre descendu
3. Put it all together with your helper verb and you’re done! ALMOST….
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AGREEMENTVerbs that use the helper verb être require the use of an extra rule in the passé compose.This rule is called AGREEMENT ; similar to how adjectives agree with nouns they modify.
For example: Je mange une grande pomme.The adjective grand has an E added to it to reflect the gender of the noun apple.
In the passé composé the past participle agrees with the subject if the helper verb is être.
subject is feminine singular add an E to the past participle.subject is feminine plural add an ES to the past participle.subject is masculine plural add an S to the past participle.
For example: Elle est arrivée. Elles sont arrivées. Ils sont arrivés.
Agreement with: Je Tu Nous Vous It is unknown if these subjects are feminine or masculine so you must look for clues or be told what the gender is.
Agreement with: Vous It is unknown if this subject is singular or plural so you must look for clues or be told if it is singular or plural.
J’ suis allé(e) Nous sommes allé(e)s
Tu es allé(e) Vous êtes allé(e)(s)
Il est allé Ils sont allés
Elle est allée Elles sont allées
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Passé-composé avec « être » Here is the list of verbs that use the helper verb être in the passé composé; they are commonly referred to by their acronym: DR. & MRS. P. VANDERTRAMP.
Définition Participe-passé
D devenir _________________________________ *
R revenir __________________________________ *
M monter __________________________________
R rentrer __________________________________
S sortir __________________________________
P partir __________________________________
V venir __________________________________ *
A aller __________________________________
N naître __________________________________ *
D descendre __________________________________
E entrer __________________________________
R rester __________________________________
T tomber __________________________________
R retourner __________________________________
A arriver __________________________________
M mourir __________________________________ *
P passer __________________________________
This list needs to be memorized.Not just the words themselves, but also their past participles.
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A common way of memorizing these verbs is by using a “Maison d’être”. Most of the
verbs that use être as a helper verb express motion or movement. You may choose to study
your words with this visual.
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NEGATIVES in the passé compose
To write a sentence in the passé composé using most negative expressionsthe ne…pas goes AROUND the helper verb.