Puzzle perspective by jugbo http://www.flickr.com/photos/jugbo/366748612/ FACT OR FICTION? FRAGMENTATION IN MOBILE DESIGN
Fragmentation in mobile design: fact or fiction
May 15, 2015
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Puzzle perspective by jugbo http://www.flickr.com/photos/jugbo/366748612/
FACT OR FICTION?
FRAGMENTATION IN MOBILE DESIGN
The mobile industry is now worth
The State of the Union blog for Mobile Industry - all the stats and facts for 2012, T. Ahonen - http://goo.gl/M0oyV
1.3 trillion dollars
Mobile phones sold in 2011
The State of the Union blog for Mobile Industry - all the stats and facts for 2012, T. Ahonen - http://goo.gl/M0oyV
1.6 billion units
HARDWARE
Hardware Store by John McNab - http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnmcnab/5758738799/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/6816067326/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/6810557770/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/6997113043/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/7043782841/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/7068344451/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/6875178758/
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/6830525152
by mikek http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikek/7024324235/
http://www.mobiledia.com/phones/nokia/6810/photo-1.html
http://n-gageaplicationdownload.blogspot.co.uk/
http://www.mobiledia.com/phones/nokia/6810/photo-1.html
http://www.mobiledia.com/phones/nokia/6810/photo-1.html
It’s a box by tim caynes - http://www.flickr.com/photos/timcaynes/5408753242/
Screen resolutions of the 681,900 Android devices using opensignalmapshttp://opensignalmaps.com/reports/fragmentation.php
Hardware Store by John McNab http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnmcnab/5758738799/
HARDWARE FRAGMENTATION?
FACT
Development in Docklands by Destinys Agent http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinysagent/2664658912/
DEVELOPMENT
Development in Docklands by Destinys Agent http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinysagent/2664658912/
Fragmentation challenges have been a key topic of discussion in mobile industry circles since Java ME started proliferating in 2004-5.
Developer Economics 2011 by Vision Mobile
Development in Docklands by Destinys Agent http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinysagent/2664658912/
Developing across the top three or four mobile platforms (iOS, Android, Symbian and Blackberry) reaches just over 20% of the devices sold on average.
Developer Economics 2011 by Vision Mobile
Android
350 million
Symbian
275 million
iOS
150 million
Blackberry
80million
Bada
12million
Series40Brew
many hundred millions
MeegoWebOS
tons of small OSs
http://communities-dominate.blogs.com/brands/2012/05/mobile-services-beyond-messaging-excellent-tns-global-survey-reveals-tons.html
WP
9million
2
1
19
While our survey was conducted slightly before their sudden surge in hype, the smart TVs that emerged at the end of 2011 did not show much momentum. Only a single respondent requested support for smart TVs, while a few more mentioned SmartTV platforms like Google TV and LG TV. There were also several mentions from developers supporting the Playstation3 and Vita, Xbox, and the MS Surface Table. Linux proved to be the most popular alternative platform that we had not identified, with 76 respondents noting that they targeted the platform in embedded, server or desktop form.
Managing development resources
A third very important reason behind the emergence of cross-platform tools is the challenges in managing developer resources. Developing for mobile presents multiple operational issues for software houses, regardless of whether they are a one-man garage operation or a top-five multinational game software vendor.
Each major smartphone, PC or games platform has its own authoring language, its own set of APIs, its own development environment and its own app store. The next table shows how much the major smartphone platforms differ.
LANGUAGES & ENVIRONMENTS
Platform Authoring language Dev Environment App store
Android Dalvik C and C++ (NDK) WebViews
Android Development Tool Plugin for Eclipse Other IDEs, e.g., IntelliJ, Netbeans. Visual Studio
Android Market
Bada C++ (proprietary extension) HTML, CSS, JS
Bada IDE based on Eclipse CDT and JSDT (JavaScript Development Tools)
Samsung Apps
Blackberry Tablet OS
C/C++ Java Android Player HTML5, CSS, JavaScript
QNX Momentics IDE Eclipse plug-ins Standard IDE & Webworks tools
Blackberry App World
Blackberry OS
J2ME MIDP 2.0 HTML WebWorks SDK
Eclipse plug-in Blackberry App World
iOS Objective C WebViews
Mac with Xcode App Store
Symbian C++ Qt
Carbide C++ IDE Ovi Store
Windows Phone
C#, VB.NET Silverlight framework XNA framework
Visual Studio and Microsoft tools such as Expression Blend
Windows Phone Marketplace
source: VisionMobile research
“We have found that by using cross-platform tools our time to market is reduced by 70% on average. We choose cross-platform tools even if we need to build a single application for a single platform”
Paulius Uza CEO of InRuntime
Cross-Platform Developer Tools 2012 by Vision Mobile
2
1
27
an app factory with the tools of a games engine. Lightweight JavaScript libraries like Impact JS and Lime JS are positioned as HTML5 game frameworks.
The next table lists over 50 cross-platform tools by technology approach, authoring language and deployment format (web vs. native).
MAJOR CROSS-PLATFORM TOOLS & APPROACHES
Vendor (Tool) Technology approach Authoring language Deploym. format
Adobe (AIR) Runtime Actionscript Native, Hybrid
Adobe (Flex) SDK addition to AIR MXML Native, Hybrid
Ansca Mobile (Corona)
Runtime Lua Native
Antenna Software (Mobility Studio)
Runtime HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Hybrid web apps
Antix Labs (Antix Games)
Runtime C/C++ Native
Appcelerator (Titanium)
Runtime HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Native apps
Application Craft Web-to-native wrapper (PhoneGap)
WYSIWYG, HTML, Javascript, CSS, jQuery
Web apps, Hybrid
AppMobi Runtime (Mobius) Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Web apps, Hybrid
Backelite (BKrender) Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Web apps, Hybrid
DHTMLX Touch JavaScript framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps
Didmo (Magmito) App Factory WYSIWYG Web apps, Hybrid
Elements Interactive Mobile (EDGELIB)
Runtime C++ Native
Enough Software (J2ME Polish)
Source code translator, Runtime
Java Native
Exadel (Tiggzi) Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
WYSIWYG, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
FeedHenry Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
IBM (Worklight) Runtime, Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS, Javascript Web apps, Hybrid, Native
iBuildapp App Factory WYSIWYG (templates) Web apps, Hybrid
Ideaworks3D (Marmalade)
Source code translator C++ Native
2
1
28
iFactr / iFactr Monocross
Source code translator, Runtime
C# .NET Native
impact.js JavaScript framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web app, Hybrid, Native
iUI Framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web app
Jo App JavaScript framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps, hybrid
JQuery Mobile Framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps
Kony Web-to-native app wrapper WYSIWYG, HTML5, CSS, Javascript
Hybrid, Native
Mobile Nation (MobileNationHQ)
App Factory WYSIWYG Web app, Hybrid
Mobjectify App Factory WYSIWYG, HTML, JavaScript, CSS
Web app
MoSync Source code translator, runtimes
C++, HTML5, CSS, JavaScript
Native
Netbiscuits Framework / App factory WYSIWYG, HTML5, CSS, Javascript, BiscuitML
Web app, Hybrid
Nokia (Qt) Runtime C++ QML (Qt Meta Language)
Native
PhoneGap (Nitobi-Adobe)
Web-to-native app wrapper HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Hybrid
Pyxis (now Verivo) App factory WYSIWYG Native
Radical Breeze (Illuminations Software Creator)
Source code translator WYSIWYG Native
Red Foundry App builder WYSIWYG Native
RhoMobile (Rhoelements)
Runtime HTML, JavaScript, Ruby Native
RunRev (LiveCode) Runtime WYSIWYG, LiveCode (natural-like language)
Native
Sencha (Touch, jQtouch)
JavaScript Framework, Web-to-native app wrapper (2.0)
HTML5. CSS, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
Seregon Solutions (DragonRad)
App Factory WYSIWYG, Lua Native
SIO2 Interactive Runtime C/C++, Lua Native
Smartface Runtime WYSIWYG Native
Software AG (Bedrock)
Source code Translator Java Native C++, ActionScript and JavaScript
2
1
29
Spot Specific Runtime or Web-to-native app wrapper
WYSIWYG, HTML5, CSS, Javascript
Web app, Hybrid
Strobe / Sproutcore (acq. by Facebook)
Framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps
SuperWaba (TotalCross)
Runtime Java Native
The M Project JavaScript framework, Web-to-native app wrapper
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
Unity Technologies (Unity)
Runtime C# .NET, JavaScript and Boo
Native
Unreal (Unreal Engine)
Runtime UnrealScript Native
Uxebu (Aparrat.io, Storage.js )
Frameworks, Web-to-native app wrapper
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Hybrid
UXplus (Aqua Platform)
Runtime WYSIWYG, JavaScript, C++
Native
Wink JavaScript Framework, Web-to-native wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web app
Wix Mobile App factory WYSIWYG Web app
Xamarin (Mono Touch, Mono for Android)
Source code translator, Runtime
C# .NET Native
XMLVM Source code translator .Net, Java or Ruby Bytecode
Java Bytecode, .NET CIL, JavaScript, Python, Obj. C C++
Zipline Games (Moai)
App factory, Runtime (for Lua script)
Lua Native
source: VisionMobile research
The full list of 100 cross-platform tools that we have tracked as part of our research appears below.
FULL LIST OF CROSS-PLATFORM TOOLS
Adobe (AIR) The Dojo Foundation (dojo toolkit)
The jQuery Project (jQuery Mobile)
RunRev (Livecode)
Adobe (Flex) Seregon (DragonRad) Kony (KonyOne Platform) Sencha (Touch, jQtouch)
Innaworks (Alchemo)
Elements Interactive Mobile (EDGELIB)
Vexed Digital (Kirin, NB FOSS project)
Stonetrip (ShiVa3D)
Antenna Software (Mobility Studio)
Emo-Framework.com Kyros (Velocity) SIO2 Interactive (SiO2 Engine)
Antix Labs (Games Development Kit)
Enough Software (J2ME Polish)
Digital Fruit (Lime JS) Mobinex Inc (Smartface Platform)
2
1
27
an app factory with the tools of a games engine. Lightweight JavaScript libraries like Impact JS and Lime JS are positioned as HTML5 game frameworks.
The next table lists over 50 cross-platform tools by technology approach, authoring language and deployment format (web vs. native).
MAJOR CROSS-PLATFORM TOOLS & APPROACHES
Vendor (Tool) Technology approach Authoring language Deploym. format
Adobe (AIR) Runtime Actionscript Native, Hybrid
Adobe (Flex) SDK addition to AIR MXML Native, Hybrid
Ansca Mobile (Corona)
Runtime Lua Native
Antenna Software (Mobility Studio)
Runtime HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Hybrid web apps
Antix Labs (Antix Games)
Runtime C/C++ Native
Appcelerator (Titanium)
Runtime HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Native apps
Application Craft Web-to-native wrapper (PhoneGap)
WYSIWYG, HTML, Javascript, CSS, jQuery
Web apps, Hybrid
AppMobi Runtime (Mobius) Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Web apps, Hybrid
Backelite (BKrender) Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS and JavaScript
Web apps, Hybrid
DHTMLX Touch JavaScript framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps
Didmo (Magmito) App Factory WYSIWYG Web apps, Hybrid
Elements Interactive Mobile (EDGELIB)
Runtime C++ Native
Enough Software (J2ME Polish)
Source code translator, Runtime
Java Native
Exadel (Tiggzi) Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
WYSIWYG, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
FeedHenry Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
IBM (Worklight) Runtime, Web-to-native app wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS, Javascript Web apps, Hybrid, Native
iBuildapp App Factory WYSIWYG (templates) Web apps, Hybrid
Ideaworks3D (Marmalade)
Source code translator C++ Native
2
1
28
iFactr / iFactr Monocross
Source code translator, Runtime
C# .NET Native
impact.js JavaScript framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web app, Hybrid, Native
iUI Framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web app
Jo App JavaScript framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps, hybrid
JQuery Mobile Framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps
Kony Web-to-native app wrapper WYSIWYG, HTML5, CSS, Javascript
Hybrid, Native
Mobile Nation (MobileNationHQ)
App Factory WYSIWYG Web app, Hybrid
Mobjectify App Factory WYSIWYG, HTML, JavaScript, CSS
Web app
MoSync Source code translator, runtimes
C++, HTML5, CSS, JavaScript
Native
Netbiscuits Framework / App factory WYSIWYG, HTML5, CSS, Javascript, BiscuitML
Web app, Hybrid
Nokia (Qt) Runtime C++ QML (Qt Meta Language)
Native
PhoneGap (Nitobi-Adobe)
Web-to-native app wrapper HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Hybrid
Pyxis (now Verivo) App factory WYSIWYG Native
Radical Breeze (Illuminations Software Creator)
Source code translator WYSIWYG Native
Red Foundry App builder WYSIWYG Native
RhoMobile (Rhoelements)
Runtime HTML, JavaScript, Ruby Native
RunRev (LiveCode) Runtime WYSIWYG, LiveCode (natural-like language)
Native
Sencha (Touch, jQtouch)
JavaScript Framework, Web-to-native app wrapper (2.0)
HTML5. CSS, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
Seregon Solutions (DragonRad)
App Factory WYSIWYG, Lua Native
SIO2 Interactive Runtime C/C++, Lua Native
Smartface Runtime WYSIWYG Native
Software AG (Bedrock)
Source code Translator Java Native C++, ActionScript and JavaScript
2
1
29
Spot Specific Runtime or Web-to-native app wrapper
WYSIWYG, HTML5, CSS, Javascript
Web app, Hybrid
Strobe / Sproutcore (acq. by Facebook)
Framework HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps
SuperWaba (TotalCross)
Runtime Java Native
The M Project JavaScript framework, Web-to-native app wrapper
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web apps, Hybrid
Unity Technologies (Unity)
Runtime C# .NET, JavaScript and Boo
Native
Unreal (Unreal Engine)
Runtime UnrealScript Native
Uxebu (Aparrat.io, Storage.js )
Frameworks, Web-to-native app wrapper
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Hybrid
UXplus (Aqua Platform)
Runtime WYSIWYG, JavaScript, C++
Native
Wink JavaScript Framework, Web-to-native wrapper (PhoneGap)
HTML5, CSS, JavaScript Web app
Wix Mobile App factory WYSIWYG Web app
Xamarin (Mono Touch, Mono for Android)
Source code translator, Runtime
C# .NET Native
XMLVM Source code translator .Net, Java or Ruby Bytecode
Java Bytecode, .NET CIL, JavaScript, Python, Obj. C C++
Zipline Games (Moai)
App factory, Runtime (for Lua script)
Lua Native
source: VisionMobile research
The full list of 100 cross-platform tools that we have tracked as part of our research appears below.
FULL LIST OF CROSS-PLATFORM TOOLS
Adobe (AIR) The Dojo Foundation (dojo toolkit)
The jQuery Project (jQuery Mobile)
RunRev (Livecode)
Adobe (Flex) Seregon (DragonRad) Kony (KonyOne Platform) Sencha (Touch, jQtouch)
Innaworks (Alchemo)
Elements Interactive Mobile (EDGELIB)
Vexed Digital (Kirin, NB FOSS project)
Stonetrip (ShiVa3D)
Antenna Software (Mobility Studio)
Emo-Framework.com Kyros (Velocity) SIO2 Interactive (SiO2 Engine)
Antix Labs (Games Development Kit)
Enough Software (J2ME Polish)
Digital Fruit (Lime JS) Mobinex Inc (Smartface Platform)
Cross-Platform Developer Tools 2012 by Vision Mobile
Spiderweb by jk079 - http://www.flickr.com/photos/jk079/5236562439/
Spiderweb by jk079 - http://www.flickr.com/photos/jk079/5236562439/
Mobile web moving from hype to reality. Developers stumbling on three challenges: fragmentation, performance limitations and lack of distribution and monetisation channels.
Developer Economics 2012 by Vision Mobile
OpenSignalMaps, a popular Android application, has tracked over 600 thousand devices (...) and reported nearly 600 device models and 4,000 device variants.
Developer Economics 2012 by Vision Mobile
© VisionMobile 2011 | www.DeveloperEconomics.com
45
Measuring fragmentation
Fragmentation is as old as software itself. Fragmentation challenges have been a key topic of discussion in mobile industry circles since Java ME started proliferating in 2004-5. No matter the platform advances, fragmentation remains an unsolved problem – both for developers targeting multiple platforms, but also for the likes of Apple, Google and Microsoft, for whom fragmentation can break the ‘platform story’.
Moreover, fragmentation is a challenge for brands and commercial organisations going mobile, as it adds a completely new dimension of complexity. For brands, extending presence to the web is a straightforward process involving developing a website and testing it across the two or three mainstream browsers found on 80% of devices. Going mobile complicates things much further, as developing across the top three or four mobile platforms (iOS, Android, Symbian and BlackBerry) reaches just over 20% of the devices sold on average, and represents a much more resource-intensive operation as there is very little code reuse across these platforms. Extending user reach beyond this 20% presents formidable challenges which can only be addressed only with a lowest common denominator approach.
To quantify platform fragmentation we asked developers how many versions (also referred to as SKUs - stock-keeping units) of their apps they need to develop.
“Commercial and UX considerations aside, 97% of the application code across iPhone and iPad is usually the same.”
Alex Curylo Winner of "Most Innovative Product", Apple Design Awards
Digital madness by ric_k - http://www.flickr.com/photos/ric_k/2545124107/
DEVELOPMENT FRAGMENTATION?
FACT Development in Docklands by Destinys Agent http://www.flickr.com/photos/destinysagent/2664658912/
DESIGN
APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS What the user has in a digital experience: 1) information and 2) the potential of doing something with this information
Arturo Toledo, User Experience Designer (WP Design Studio) - http://ux.artu.tv/?p=240
content
actions
APPLICATIONS What the user has in a digital experience: 1) information and 2) the potential of doing something with this information
Arturo Toledo, User Experience Designer (WP Design Studio) - http://ux.artu.tv/?p=240
content
CONTENT SCREENS
SIBLING NAVIGATION
TOP-DOWN NAVIGATION
BACK NAVIGATION
APPLICATIONS What the user has in a digital experience: 1) information and 2) the potential of doing something with this information
Arturo Toledo, User Experience Designer (WP Design Studio) - http://ux.artu.tv/?p=240
actions
A
A
A
A AA
GLOBAL ACTIONS
SCREEN ACTIONS
OBJECT ACTIONS
A
A
A
A AA
A
A
A
A AA
INPUT SCREENS
A
A A A A
A
A
AA
A
AA
A
A
A
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
AA
A
A
AA
A
Applications
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
GLOBAL & SCREEN ACTIONS
OBJECT ACTIONS
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Content screen
Applications
Input screen
Input screen
Input screen
A
A
A
A A A
A
A
Step 1 - Go to one app
Step 2 - Open the apps switcher
Step 3 - Go to a different app
Step 4 - Press the back button
Where are you now?
The switcher test
APPLICATION STRUCTURE
(navigates) within an app based on the hierarchical relationships between screens
http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/navigation.html
ACTIVITY HISTORY (navigates) in reverse chronological order,
through the history of screens the user has recently worked with
http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/navigation.html
appstructure
activity
appstructure
activity
Android 2.3 and earlier relied upon the system Back button for supporting navigation within an app. With the introduction of action bars in Android 3.0, a second navigation mechanism appeared: the Up button, consisting of the app icon and a left-point caret
http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/navigation.html
appstructure
activity
When the previously viewed screen is also the hierarchical parent of the current screen, pressing the Back button has the same result as pressing the Up button - this is a common occurrence
http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/navigation.html
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
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6
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8
DESIGN FRAGMENTATION?
FICTION
DESIGN FRAGMENTATION?
FICTION DOES THIS MATTER?
http://orainteractive.com/2012/06/understanding-mobile-ui-patterns/
Commonplace means familiar, and for your audience, familiarity leads to efficiency and ease (...) Novices in particular benefit from interfaces that use icons and controls they’ve seen elsewhere.
Tapworthy - Designing Great iPhone apps, J. Clark
There is a confusing and frustrating array of hardware, software, apps, websites, etc (...) using them is burdensome (...) the diversity of them (...) is already problematic (...) So I see whatever will simplify and unify our activities as being popular.
The Future of Apps and Web, Pew Internethttp://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Future-of-Apps-and-Web/Overview.aspx
We are only three decades into one of the most important revolutions the world has ever seen. In design development terms, that is a mere blink.
The Mobile Frontier, R. Hinman
the history of mobile has been a long, painful process of copying desktop computers and then sheepishly realizing that is just doesn’t quite work right.
S. Jenson - http://designmind.frogdesign.com/blog/mobile-apps-must.die.html
In light of all the statistical data and anecdotal evidence, it may be difficult to believe that anything is limiting the potential of mobile technology. But there is one limiting factor : it’s our fixation with the desktop paradigm and its graphical user interface.
The Mobile Frontier, R. Hinman
WHY IS IT HAPPENING?
lockdown was the direction a visionary Steve Jobs (...) first took with the iPhone. (...) These technologies can let geeky outsiders build upon them just as they could with PCs, but in a highly controlled and contingent way (...) software written by outsiders that must be approved by and funneled through Apple.
The Future of the Internet, J. Zittrain
When your task is designing an operating system, you are not focusing on interaction innovation: all your energies are going into other things ....
... mainly creating a coherent interaction framework, protecting your users, third-party developers the tools they need.
and giving
Companies build phones that the carriers ask for instead of taking risks and testing new concepts (...) The result is a collection of handsets that are fairly homogenous from a small number of brands.
http://theverge.com/2012/7/5/3138711/five-years-after-the-iphone-carriers-are-the-biggest-threat-to-innovation-editorial
There’s a lull in the industry right now (...) If anything, Apple has an interest in maintaining the status quo. So does everyone else.
http://www.mobileindustryreview.com/2012/05/the-facebook-phone-why-its-good-news-for-the-industry.html
with every new smartphone subscription we take another tiny but discrete step towards a networked world dominated by powerful corporations that can (...) control the speed of technological innovation to a pace that is convenient for them rather than determined by the creativity of hackers and engineers.
http://guardian.co.uk/technology/2012/jun/03/john-naughton-smartphone-revolution-cost
disruption in mobile design will not come from the companies designing the OS
disruption in mobile design must come from third party services
disruption in mobile design must come from third party services or might not comeat all.
4 billionunique mobile phone users
The State of the Union blog for Mobile Industry - all the stats and facts for 2012, T. Ahonen http://goo.gl/M0oyV
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