Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in Forestry Submitted by Mauro Lanfranchi - ID 51337724 In August 2014 Supervisors Prof. Paul Hallett Dr. Andrew Cameron College of Life Science and Medicine Scotland United Kingdom BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN
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Thesis submitted for the degree of
Master of Science in Forestry
Submitted by
Mauro Lanfranchi - ID 51337724
In August 2014
Supervisors
Prof. Paul Hallett
Dr. Andrew Cameron
College of Life Science and Medicine
ScotlandUnited Kingdom
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE
AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN
Study area
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN Mauro Lanfranchi MSc Forestry Wednesday 3 May 2023
5
13
134
1415
10
2
128
6
9
117
Sampling – Direction of fall – Prevailing wind
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN Mauro Lanfranchi MSc Forestry Wednesday 3 May 2023
Root plate
MetOffice; Windfinder
N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
0
10
20Direction of fall
Degree Range
From to
N 337.5 22
NW 292.5 337
W 247.5 292
SW 202.5 247
S 157.5 202
SE 112.5 157
E 67.5 112
NE 22.5 67
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN Mauro Lanfranchi MSc Forestry Wednesday 3 May 2023
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Compression Bending
Tensile
Median +/- SE
Lab tests: YM
[MPa]
BENDING TEST COMPRESSION TEST TENSILE TEST
Load Proot
supportl/2
Load Py
yroot
root
Yoshihara and Tsunematsu, 2006
F clamps
Fx
Root Ø: 0.2 - 3.2 mm
Root Ø: 3.4 - 48.5 mmRoot Ø: 2.22 - 26 mm
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN Mauro Lanfranchi MSc Forestry Wednesday 3 May 2023
Field and Raw data[N]
Root Ø [mm]
Tosi (2007); Achim and Nicoll, (2009); Phillips et al. (2008).
[m]
1 2 3
20
40
60 R² = 0.816
0.3 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
1
2
3
4
5
Root
pla
te
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN Mauro Lanfranchi MSc Forestry Wednesday 3 May 2023
Mean +/- SE
Tensile test: Fracture toughness (Ƭ)
Ş = stress intensity factor: constant set at 1.442
ʂ = maximum stress: Fmax / Ɖ [Pa]
L = crack length (Ø * 0.79)
N NE E SE S SW W NW N NE E SE S SW W NW
500
1,000
1,000
500
Ƭ = Ş * ʂ *
Johnson et al. (2010)
Significant difference from windward roots
east * p < 0.001
west * P = 0.048
north-west * P = 0.021
North-east P = 0.940
[KPa
m½
]
[KPa
m½
]
* = significant (p < 0.05)
Mean +/- SE
E NW – W N - NE E NW / W N / NE
500
700
1000
1000
600
800
[KPa
m½
]
[KPa
m½
]
Significant difference from N/NE roots
E * p < 0.001
W / NW * P = 0.001
Tensile test: Fracture toughness
FRACTURE MECHANICS OF TREE ROOT BREAKAGE AND FURTHER IMPLICATIONS FOR TREE BLOWDOWN Mauro Lanfranchi MSc Forestry Wednesday 3 May 2023
* = significant (p < 0.05)
Thank You
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