Fracking why the oil and gas got an exemption to clean water act presentation egg 04072016 final

Fracking - Why the Oil and Gas Industry received an exemption to the Clean

Water ActECO Green Group Thursday April 7, 2016

byTony Green

Agenda The result of methane in your water Fracking is…. About that Shale Why? – The Demand for Natural Gas The Halliburton Exemption Overview of Fracking Chemicals The Secretive Additives In Closing Questions and Answers

http://www.hulu.com/watch/708712

Would you find this problematic?

Would you find this problematic?

www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~aubrecht/SD-fracking%20101-22.4.12.ppt

Fracking is short for “hydraulic fracturing.” This is an old technique for increasing oil productionfrom worked-out oil wells, but a newtechnique for obtaining methane (natural gas).

Source : Fracking 101 www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~aubrecht/SD-fracking

%20101-22.4.12.ppt

What is Fracking?

the whole process in a nut the whole process in a nut shell is to artificially enhance the permeability of a formation

Sources: http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1061062.files/HydraulicFracturing2_ppt.pdf

What is Fracking?

www.ncel.net/news_uploads/243/Fracking%20PowerPoint%20final.ppt

Gas shale rock has characteristically small pores that are relatively impermeable to natural gas flow unless they are naturally or artificially fractured to create channels connecting the pores

Source : http://naturalgas.org/shale/

About that Shale

Shale is a classic sedimentary rock that is made up of clay-size weathering debris. which breaks up into thin flat pieces. Source : http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1061062.files/HydraulicFracturing2_ppt.pdf

About that Shale

Geologists have known of the presence of natural gas in shale rock for years, but until recently, could not cost-effectively extract it

Two factors came together in recent years to make shale gas production economically viable: (1) advances in horizontal drilling; and (2) advances in hydraulic fracturing

Source: http://naturalgas.org/shale/

Why? Demand for Natural GasNatural gas is a combustible mixture of hydrocarbon gases. While natural gas is formed primarily of methane, it can also include ethane, propane, butane and pentane

http://naturalgas.org/overview/background/

Why? Demand for Natural Gas

Colorless, shapeless, and odorless in its pure form

One of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources, gives off a great deal of energy with fewer emissions than many other sources



The distinctive “rotten egg” smell that we often associate with natural gas is actually an odorant called mercaptan.

Found in reservoirs underneath the earth, natural gas is often associated with oil deposits.



22 percent of the world's energy consumption

28 percent of U.S. energy demand (as of 2012).

Heats 51 percent of U.S. households. It also cools many homes and provides fuel for cooking

There are approximately 142,000 natural gas vehicles operating on American roads.

http://www.api.org/Oil-and-Natural-Gas-Overview/Exploration-and-Production/Natural-Gas/Natural-Gas-Uses

Why? Demand for Natural GasWhere do we get our energy?

other renewables2%

nuclear8%

hy-dropowe

r3%

natural gas26%

coal20%biomass

5%

petro-leum36%

http://www.rochester.edu/sustainability/hyrdrofracking-korfmacher.ppt

How do we use natural gas?

31%

19%13%

33%

3%

Electricity

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Transportation


http://www.argus.com Article: Natural Gas Leads Pack for U.S. Power Generation

Natural gas-fired generation will remain the dominant source of power generation

.

Low gas prices

Tougher emissions standards

Aging fleet of coal- fired plants.

http://www.argus.com/

The Halliburton Exemption

www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~aubrecht/SD-fracking%20101-22.4.12.ppt

The Halliburton Exemption

http://ecowatch.com/2015/08/11/halliburton-loophole-fracking/

The Halliburton Exemption violated

Clean Water Act Safe Drinking Water Act

Clean Air Act

http://cleanwater.org/page/frackinglawsandloopholes

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?

Source : Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Reservoirs by Stephen Holdtlisch AICHE Webinar Slide 12


Water Proppant Additives

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Sources of Water for “Fracking”

Water sources may come from ground or surface water Millions of gallons of water used per production well Storage of water on-site in 20,000 gallon tanks, on-site impoundments, or centralized impoundments serving multiple sites Recycling “Flow back” water produced in fracturing process, ranging from 25 to 75 percent recovery Flow back may contain both naturally occurring contaminants, chemical additives, VOCs, radionuclides, ions and high TDS values, and is not biodegradable

Source: Hydraulic Fracturing www.spencerfarlane.com

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Water use for fracking operations

Source: facstaff.uww.edu/bhattacj/envt_geol_2_29.pp

Typically 4 to 6 million gallons per well

EPA estimated that if 35,000 wells are hydraulically fractured annually in the US, the amount of water consumed would be equivalent to that used by 5 million people.”

Source of water used from fracking operations varies, and is not well documented or monitored






So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Acid

Dissolves the minerals in the rock, soil and sand below the ground.

,Dissolves parts of the rock to initiate cracking

Example: Hydrochloric Acid (HCL) and Acetic Acid (Vinegar) Source: https://www.chemservice.com/news/2014/06/chemicalsandfrackingwhatmakesupfrackingfluid/

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Biocide

Eliminates bacteria in the water that produces corrosive by-products

Example : Glutaraldehyde

Prevent formation of dangerous gasses

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Corrosion Inhibitor

Example: Pharmaceuticals, acrylic fibers and plastics

Protects casing from corrosion.


Cross linkerMaintains fluid viscosity as temperature increases

Source: www.fracfocus.org

Example: Laundry detergents,hand soaps, cosmetics


Scale InhibitorsKeeps scale deposits from developing inside of the pipes.

Source: https://www.chemservice.com/news/2014/06/chemicalsandfrackingwhatmakesupfrackingfluid/

Example: Household cleaners, deiicers,Paint, Ethylene Glycol – anti-freeze


Source: www.fracfocus.org and http://setxind.com/upstream/the-hydraulic-fracking-process-and-how-it-works/

Friction Reducer“Slicks” the water to minimize friction

Example: Cosmetics, make-up, nail and skin products

Allows the fluids to flow more efficiently through the pipes and enables the fracking pumps to pump at a higher rate without having to increase pressure

http://www.fracfocus.org/

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Surfactant

Used to increase the viscosity of the fracture fluid

Example: Glass cleaner, multi-surfacecleaner, antiperspirant,deodorants, hair-color

So what is in Fracking Fluid anyway?Guar Gum

Source: Oerb What is in our Fracturing Fluid and http://setxind.com/upstream/the-hydraulic-fracking-process-and-how-it-works/

Thickens the water to suspend the sandExample: used in Ice cream

Increases the viscosity of the fracking fluids and aid in more efficient delivery of proppants into the fractures

All Common Items – But do you want these in your water?

This is where the

idea for the

exemption came

from !!Pool - Diluted Acid

Cosmetics – Friction Reducer Glass Cleaner - Surfactants

Medical Devices - Biocides

In closing Fracking here to stay.

The Oil and Gas Industry working on green solutions for chemicals.

Remember with Fracking, like sustainability, there is a price to be paid for everything.

Questions & Answers

Fracking why the oil and gas got an exemption to clean water act presentation egg 04072016 final

Environment