FPInnovations, PIT & the BCTA · FPInnovations& PIT partners • Private and public transport fleets • Shippers, clients and suppliers • Federal and provincial governments •

Location:Location:

Cameron Rittich, Researcher

Surrey, BC April 25, 2013

What’s fuelling your

future?

FPInnovations, PIT & the BCTA

FPInnovations & PIT partners

• Private and public transport fleets

• Shippers, clients and suppliers

• Federal and provincial governments

• Universities, sector-based associations and R&D centres

• Private partners (e.g., OEM, consultants)

Universities R&DCenters

TechnologySuppliers

PITIndustry Governments

Solutions for industry

BCTA ADM Presentation Agenda

1.PIT – Performance Innovation Transport

2. Natural Gas Trucks

© 2010 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution

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Technology testing

A Test Match for Each Technology

� EnergotestTM Track

testing

� Lab testing

� Over the road testing

� Emissions testing

4

EnergotestTM Model

TOUJOURS PLUS LOIN - ALWAYS FURTHER5

� Objective: conduct controlled test-track

studies of fuel efficiency and emissions.

� Technology suppliers are referred to PIT

by fleet members.

� PIT organizes Energotest campaigns by

bringing together fleets and technology

suppliers.

EnergotestTM

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� Since 2007:

� Ten campaigns;

� $ 2 million in testing;

� More than 170 technologies and best practices tested;

� No fleet can afford this testing without Energotest campaigns.

Energotest Model

Wide-base Tires 9.7%

Hydrogen Fuel Injection 0%

Fuel and Engine OilAdditives -4.25 to 3%

Trailer Skirts-1 to 7.4%

EnergotestTM

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Natural Gas and

Hybrid Vehicles

Testing

� Fuel consumption on specific duty

cycles.

� Technical standards for testing LNG

trucks fuel consumption and

emissions.

BCTA ADM Presentation Agenda

1.PIT – Performance Innovation Transport

2. Natural Gas Trucks


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Compressed and Liquefied Natural Gas Compared to Diesel


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0

10

20

30

40

Energy Density (MJ/L)

LNG

CNG

compressed to

2900psi and has

300 times the

energy content of

home gas line

LNG super-cooled to -162C and

has 600 times the energy

content of home gas line Diesel:

1.6 times more

energy than LNG,

3.9 times more

energy than CNG

CNG

DIESEL

Natural Gas – The Economic Case

� Commodity prices for NG are low.

� Volatility? What are the price pressures?

� Price differential between LNG and diesel should continue in the future.


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Historical prices


� Access to Export markets will raise prices

� Increased prices will raise rate of resource extraction


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Will prices increase?

Source: US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission



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FortisBC Price - cents per DEL for LNG

Commodity

Pipeline and Liquefaction

Tanker Delivery

Station Fee

Carbon Tax & GST/PST

12₵12₵

18₵

4₵ *

15₵

~ $0.60/DEL *

* note: for 100km radius from FortisBC liquefaction plant.

Natural Gas – Lower GHG

� CNG vehicle emissions are higher (consume more fuel) due to fact that they run on an Otto cycle (are spark ignited).


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The environmental case

-4% -19% -25%

NG Trucks

System Components


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NG Trucks – cost consideration

• LNG fuel consumption may be greater than ULSD engine

• LNG engines consume 5% diesel for pilot ignition (CNG is SI)

• LNG engines still require Diesel Exhaust Fluid (CNG does not)

• NG engines and fuel systems are made of expensive components – extended warranties should be considered mandatory


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CAUTION: Additional costs to be included…..

NG Trucks as offered by OEMs

CNG – Cummins Westport LNG – Westport HD

� Onboard storage is more limited than LNG

and diesel trucks

� Consume CNG exclusively and run on an

Otto cycle (spark ignited)

� Uses single catalytic converter for

emissions

� Best suited for Class 7 and smaller trucks

that return to base

� Up to 400 hp and 1,450 lb-ft torque, 12L

engine


engine

� Twice the energy storage capacity of CNG

trucks

� Consume diesel for pilot ignition and LNG

� Uses DPF and SCR systems (EPA 2010

emission package)

� Best suited for Class 8 trucks that return to

base or haul within soon to be established

fuelling corridors


engine


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NG Truck

� Methane detectors are required in the cab and engine compartment – this increases electrical loads.

� Tare weight for dual tank trucks increase ~500kg.

� Maintenance must be performed in properly equipped shops.

� Only trained operators can fill the truck, using proper PPE.


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Technical Issues

Where to get fuel?

� Build you own. ~ $2millon.

� Wait for FortisBC to build in your neighborhood.

� Apply for FortisBC incentive funding.

� Contact Clean Energy or other gas suppliers to the transport sector.

� LNG stations can also be equipped to provide CNG if needed, but not the opposite – YET!

� Buy it direct from the LNG

plant and transport ~$400k.


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NG truck lifetime costing

� Do the savings in fuel outweight the ownership costs?

� FPInnovations’ spreadsheet tool available upon request.

� FPInnovations offers to help fleets – FREE!**


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Do NG trucks make sense for my operations?

** Subject to continued government funding, offer not valid east of the Rockies.

New technology to enter the market

� What is worth waiting for?

• 15L Cummins CNG SI engine (no SCR/DEF system)

• 15L Westport HD550, a LNG engine rated at 550hp and 1,850 lb/ft


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• LNG storage tanks for CNG SI engines (fuel uniformity & range extension)

• Other OEM’s to enter the market, such as Volvo.

• Price reductions for the new technology (could be disruptive to current market suppliers).

© 2010 FPInnovations. All rights reserved. Copying and redistribution prohibited.

® FPInnovations, its marks and logos are registered trademarks of FPInnovations.

Questions & Answers

FPInnovationsMr. Cameron RittichResearcher

Contact

2601 East MallVancouver, BCV6T 1Z4

Phone: 604 222-5740Email: [email protected]

www.fpinnovations.ca


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FPInnovations, PIT & the BCTA · FPInnovations& PIT partners • Private and public transport fleets • Shippers, clients and suppliers • Federal and provincial governments •

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