Fourth Meeting Flight Operations and Air Traffic Managment Component of the North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST) RNP Implementation Issues Dave Nakamura Technical Fellow – CNS Technical Standards Airplane Systems Boeing Commercial Airplanes
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Fourth Meeting Flight Operations and Air Traffic Managment Component of the North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST) RNP Implementation Issues.
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Fourth MeetingFlight Operations and Air Traffic
Managment Componentof the
North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST)
RNP Implementation Issues
Fourth MeetingFlight Operations and Air Traffic
Managment Componentof the
North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST)
RNP Implementation Issues
Dave NakamuraTechnical Fellow – CNS Technical Standards
Airplane SystemsBoeing Commercial Airplanes
Dave NakamuraTechnical Fellow – CNS Technical Standards
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Operational Approval:Ops Authorization, Ops Specifications or equivalent
What’s the Problem, Issues & Solutions?
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
W100.6The Boeing Company
Source: Boeing Current Market Outlook 2002
To meet demand, world fleet must double by 2020
Large airframes
15,271
32,495
23,929
20212001
8,566retained fleet
6,705 replacements
17,224growth
airplanes
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.7The Boeing Company
ProfitProfitRevenues Costs
Market
Price
NewAirplane
Services
RetrofitLifecycle
Costs
ImplementCosts
OperatorValue
Efficiency Costs
Revs
Labor
TrainingSpares
Downtime
Prerequisites
Training
Maintenance
NR
Rec.
SupplierPmts.
Kitting
Eng.
Mfg.
Test & Cert
Supplier
Eng.
Supplier
Mfg.
APSales
AP SaleRevs
IndustryDevelopment
Regulation
RegulatoryMandate
Procedures
Standards
AirlineBus. Case*
Airlines
Wt./Fuel
Manufacturer
Aircraft Decisions follow a complex formula
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.8The Boeing Company
Approach/landing/departure/A-SMGCS
Approach/landing/departure/A-SMGCS
En routeEn route
NDB
VOR
DME
GPS
SBAS
GBAS
NDB
VOR
DME
GPS
SBAS
GBAS
NDBVORDME
Basic GNSSILS Cat I
ILS Cat II/IIIMLS Cat IIISBAS Cat I
GBAS Cat I/II/III
NDBVORDME
Basic GNSSILS Cat I
ILS Cat II/IIIMLS Cat IIISBAS Cat I
GBAS Cat I/II/III
20002000 20102010 2015201520052005
Cat ICat I
Aircraft Compatible with Infrastructure
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.9The Boeing Company
High GainSatelliteAntenna
Low GainSatelliteAntenna
HFTransceiver
ACARSManagement
Unit
VHF Transceiver
Satellite Data Unit
Amplifier
HFAntenna
AudioControlPanel
Radio TuningPanel
VHFAntenna
TCAS II Mode SDisplays
TCAS II Mode S
TCAS IIAntenna
Mode SAntenna
GPSAntennas
DMEAntennas
VORAntennas
FlightManagementSystem
MonitoringAlertingSystem
FlightManagementSystem
Autopilot/FlightDirectorSystems
MMRILSGPS
DME
VOR
DME
VOR
IRS
Flt DeckDisplays/Alerting
ILSAntennas
More to readiness than aircraft and systems:Airplane Flight Manual, Ops Manual, Maintenance Planning Data, Equipment List, RNP Capability documentation, etc appropriate to the operation and RNP
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.10The Boeing Company
513 777s
1988 737-3/4/5 2587 737-6/7/8/9
782 757s
681 767s
345 757s
259 767s
498 747-400s
GPS basic
777
1982
757/767
737-300/-400/-500
1985
1989747-400
1995
185 747-400s
Example •At least half the “modern” fleet delivered prior to full CNS/ATM equipage being available• Large retrofit issue – hard to know the aircraft retrofit status
Differences in delivered capability
Aircraft and Infrastructure
GBAS: Yes, SBAS: No
W100.11The Boeing Company
Note: Percentages based on number of respondents and may not reflect Industry as a whole.
Aircraft and Infrastructure
Consistency in Aircraft Performance and Level of Capability is Essential e.g. RF Leg
Courtesy of
W100.12The Boeing Company
-200
-300
-400
-500
-700
-800
-900
All Single FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A, U 1.6)No GPS
All Single FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)No GPS
Half Single/Half Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths, U5.0)Half Dual/Half No GPS
All Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)All Dual GPS
All Single FMC, (e.g., Marconi)10% GPS
All Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)All Dual GPS
All Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)All Dual GPS
Aircraft and Infrastructure
B737 Aircraft Example
Courtesy of
W100.13The Boeing Company
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
•Procedures from database•Active navigation sensor •ID, bearing, distance, GS, time to waypoint
•Direct to, fly-over, fly-by capability
•IF, RF, TF, CF, DF plus VM recommended
•System Failure•Autoreversion to secondary sensor
Public RNP SAAAR – Functional Requirements
W100.35The Boeing Company
Notice vs Public Criteria at Tier 1 Airports
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
ATLSEA
ORDDFW EW
RDTW LG
AJF
KPHL
PDXIA
HLG
BM
DWTUS PIT
CLE SFO JAC
Me
dia
n A
ch
iev
ed
HA
T -
fe
et
N 0.10 P 0.1 N 0.20 P 0.2 N 0.30 P 0.3
RNP Solutions
Data from PARC
W100.36The Boeing Company
Specials SAAAR Public SAAAR
RNP
PANS-OPs
W100.37The Boeing Company
RNP Concept
RNP with Containment
RNP with Containment
Integrity/Continuity
RNP 10, RNP 47030 exception
B-RNAV, P-RNAVRNP-x
RNP 2, RNP 1, RNP 0.3
RNP-x/yRNP 0.3/125
ICAO
Confusion between RNP concept and designations
RNP RNP
1999
W100.38The Boeing Company
Performance based Navigation Concept
Navigation Applications without Containment Integrity/Continuity
Navigation Applications with Containment
Integrity/Continuity
LegacyRNP 10, RNP 4
B-RNAV, P-RNAV
NewRNAV 2, RNAV 1,
etc
RNP-xRNP 2, RNP 1,
RNP 0.3
RNP-x/yRNP 0.3/125
ICAO
Concept evolution, recognizes value and benefit of RNAV, and added value and benefits of RNP.
RNAV RNP
2005
W100.39The Boeing Company
ICAO PANS-Ops
Scalable
Default with limited scalability
FAF FixAMAP
RNP Criteria EvolutionDefault Criteria for broad and quick applicationScalable Criteria to address special conditions, requirements, and benefits
W100.40The Boeing Company
Complexity of Problem Standardization of Solution
RNP Decision FactorsLess
More
Specials SAAAR Public SAAAR
RNP
PANS-OPs
ICAO PANS-Ops
W100.41The Boeing Company
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
Operational Approval:Ops Authorization, Ops Specifications or equivalent
What’s the Problem, Issues & Solutions?
W100.42The Boeing Company
Operational Considerations:• Autopilot requirements, dispatch, maintenance • NAVAID Exclusion• Track Deviation Monitoring• Predictive Capability• MEL• Contingency Procedures: - Loss of RNP system - Loss of sensors - Loss of GPS signal - IRU Coasting• ATC Procedures/Phraseology• Aeronautical Data and Database Processes• Training and Manuals for RNAV/RNP
Operational Implementation
W100.43The Boeing Company
RNP 10 -> 4
MNPS-> RNP4 BRNAV -> PRNAV
RNP 4
RNP 10 -> 4
RNP 10 -> 4
RNP 4
Different Regional Requirements and Infrastructure Basis
- Alignment of Operations to Criteria and Schedules needed
AMC 20-XX
AMC 20-XZ
RNP and Global Interoperability
Operational Implementation
W100.48The Boeing Company
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
Continued AirworthinessDatabaseMaintenance TrainingDispatchMELValidation
Operational Approval
W100.50The Boeing Company
Summary
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations