Four Questions about e-Learning

Four questions about Four questions about eLearningeLearning

Prof. Dr. György Kende – Prof. Dr. György Kende – Dr. György SeresDr. György Seres

The building of eLearning, the The building of eLearning, the Internet has been builtInternet has been built

ClassroomsClassrooms - the local - the local IntranetIntranet networks – networks – are equipped with systems of learning are equipped with systems of learning organization are being builtorganization are being built

DesksDesks - the - the computerscomputers - are ready to - are ready to welcome studentswelcome students

BlackboardsBlackboards and boxes of and boxes of chalkchalk – the – the presentation software of presentation software of multimediamultimedia devices devices providing all the imaginable and unthinkable providing all the imaginable and unthinkable forms of demonstration - are available for forms of demonstration - are available for teachers.teachers.

Now in this well-equipped building Now in this well-equipped building the only questions to be answered the only questions to be answered

are:are:

•WhoWho should be eTaught? should be eTaught?

WhatWhat to eTeach? to eTeach?

•WhoWho should eTeach? should eTeach?

•HowHow to eTeach? to eTeach?

Answer to the question of Answer to the question of „„Who Who should be eTaught?should be eTaught?”” is relatively is relatively

simple: everybody - sooner or latersimple: everybody - sooner or later After its ”invention”, human After its ”invention”, human speechspeech as the first as the first

teaching aid became a common form of teaching teaching aid became a common form of teaching for thousand years – he who wanted to learn that for thousand years – he who wanted to learn that first of all had to learn to speak.first of all had to learn to speak.

Invention of Invention of writingwriting and then and then printingprinting greatly greatly increased efficiency of knowledge transmission increased efficiency of knowledge transmission accumulated by the by mankind – literacy is a accumulated by the by mankind – literacy is a prerequisite for learning for centauries.prerequisite for learning for centauries.


simple: everybody - sooner or latersimple: everybody - sooner or later „„Digital literacyDigital literacy”” has been a prerequisite for has been a prerequisite for

eLearning eLearning

since image, motion picture and voice since image, motion picture and voice recordingrecording became general and efficient method in teaching became general and efficient method in teaching and learning and learning by the application of by the application of multimediamultimedia devices - digital devices - digital data recording, transmission and displaying, local data recording, transmission and displaying, local and global computer networksand global computer networks


simple: everybody - sooner or latersimple: everybody - sooner or later Nowadays not everybody meets this requirement Nowadays not everybody meets this requirement

yet – they can only be taught in conventional yet – they can only be taught in conventional way. way.

However, the generation growing up in However, the generation growing up in kindergartens with “childproof” (or in Hungarian kindergartens with “childproof” (or in Hungarian usage “cocoaproof”) computers will surely be an usage “cocoaproof”) computers will surely be an eLearner eLearner


simple: everybody - sooner or latersimple: everybody - sooner or later But even today there are target teams for whom But even today there are target teams for whom

digital literacy – user-level knowledge of digital literacy – user-level knowledge of computer and Internet – is one of the job computer and Internet – is one of the job requirements. requirements.

For example, eLearning can be an ideal solution For example, eLearning can be an ideal solution for employees of big firms, public employees and for employees of big firms, public employees and professional strength of the professional strength of the ArmyArmy to meet to meet lifelong learning requirement. lifelong learning requirement.


simple: everybody - sooner or latersimple: everybody - sooner or later

… … and and robotsrobots of course of course

Training of Training of robonautsrobonauts in NASA in NASA

ASIMO robot of HONDAASIMO robot of HONDA


are:are:





The question of The question of „„What to eTeach?What to eTeach?”” can be answered similarly: can be answered similarly:

everything – sooner or later, that has everything – sooner or later, that has to be acquired within an organized to be acquired within an organized

framework.framework. eLearning enhances not only efficiency of eLearning enhances not only efficiency of

conventional theory teaching, but conventional theory teaching, but the most varied the most varied virtual models, simulatorsvirtual models, simulators

andand character gamescharacter games can greatly improve can greatly improve cost-effectiveness of practical training as well.cost-effectiveness of practical training as well.

Virtual models, simulatorsVirtual models, simulators


are:are:





To answer the question of To answer the question of „„Who Who should eTeach?should eTeach?”” is much more is much more

difficult.difficult. In a conventional school it is the teacher who In a conventional school it is the teacher who

gives a lecture on a specified or selected gives a lecture on a specified or selected curriculum, coaches students and then checks or curriculum, coaches students and then checks or examines and evaluates acquirements.examines and evaluates acquirements.

The question of The question of Who teaches?Who teaches? comes up in the comes up in the case of a multimedia curriculum package case of a multimedia curriculum package elaborated for acquiring a set of knowledge – elaborated for acquiring a set of knowledge – subject, topic etc. – by eLearning.subject, topic etc. – by eLearning.


difficult.difficult. Is it the Is it the teacherteacher, who selected and worked the , who selected and worked the

curriculum up?curriculum up? Is it the Is it the graphic designergraphic designer, who composed the , who composed the

presentations facilitating understanding?presentations facilitating understanding? Is it the Is it the information specialistinformation specialist, who wrote the , who wrote the

screenplay?screenplay? Is it theIs it the narrator narrator, who gave the lectures?, who gave the lectures? Is it the Is it the programmerprogrammer, who recorded the result in a , who recorded the result in a

digital data medium or an assigned network digital data medium or an assigned network address, in a form easy to handle by the student?address, in a form easy to handle by the student?

Is it the Is it the tutortutor, who holds intercourse with the , who holds intercourse with the students during distance learning?students during distance learning?


difficult.difficult. It would seem the simplest solution when some It would seem the simplest solution when some

one person would perform all these tasks,one person would perform all these tasks, however it is impossible and unnecessary to however it is impossible and unnecessary to

prepare every teacher for studying so many prepare every teacher for studying so many professionsprofessions..


difficult.difficult. The The knowledge standardsknowledge standards mentioned in mentioned in

introduction make it possible to organize introduction make it possible to organize curriculum-objects curriculum-objects

worked out by prominent experts of the country worked out by prominent experts of the country or a linguistic area into or a linguistic area into content-storehousescontent-storehouses

from where teachers, schools or other from where teachers, schools or other educational institutions can collect material for educational institutions can collect material for compiling curriculum suitable for their aim. compiling curriculum suitable for their aim.


difficult.difficult. Of course, eCurricula necessary for subjects of Of course, eCurricula necessary for subjects of

institutions of institutions of higher educationhigher education and special and special courses courses

requirerequiress mostly mostly individual individual working-out, working-out, close close cooperationcooperation from participants performing from participants performing

abovementioned tasks abovementioned tasks ranging from working-up curriculum to checking ranging from working-up curriculum to checking

acquirements. acquirements.


are:are:





To the question of To the question of „„How to eTeach?How to eTeach?”” so many answers can be given as so many answers can be given as many forms of education, schools, many forms of education, schools,

subjects and teachers existsubjects and teachers exist


subjects and teachers existsubjects and teachers exist The eLearning looks back on a very short history. The eLearning looks back on a very short history.

The first Internet lessons started in 1997. The The first Internet lessons started in 1997. The conception itself is construed in several ways.conception itself is construed in several ways.

http://elearningeuropa.info/

According to the European Union we can study According to the European Union we can study question at the website:question at the website:


subjects and teachers existsubjects and teachers exist InIn the United States the Pentagon having the the United States the Pentagon having the

support from the White House launched the support from the White House launched the Advanced Distributed Learning (Advanced Distributed Learning (ADLADL) Initiative, in ) Initiative, in 1997.1997.

http://www.adlnet.org/


subjects and teachers existsubjects and teachers exist The established by the The established by the ADLADL initiative in 2001 initiative in 2001

SCORMSCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) Model)

integrated into itselfintegrated into itself most of the tutorial- most of the tutorial-learning standards elaborated by various learning standards elaborated by various organizations,organizations,

by 2004 it became a by 2004 it became a standard adoptedstandard adopted all over all over the world by the most prevailing frame systems the world by the most prevailing frame systems like Learning Management Systemlike Learning Management System..

AICC

ARIADNEIMSIEEE LTSC

OTHER

IEEE Learning Technology Standards

Committee

Aviation Industry CBT Committee

IMS Global Learning

Consortium

Alliance of Remote Instructional and

Distribution Networks for

Europe

http://www.adlnet.org/scorm/

The essence of the SCORM standard is an The essence of the SCORM standard is an organization of training units organization of training units - - lesson, topic, lesson, topic, field or chapterfield or chapter - - built from Internet built from Internet elements – into Sharable Content Objects elements – into Sharable Content Objects (SCO) (SCO) • text (.doc, .pdf), text (.doc, .pdf), • picture (.gif, .jpg), picture (.gif, .jpg), • table (.xls), table (.xls), • audio (.wav, .mp3), audio (.wav, .mp3), • video (.avi, .mpg), video (.avi, .mpg), • presentation (.ppt, .swf),presentation (.ppt, .swf),• test (.html, .swftest (.html, .swf, .js, .js), ), • website (.html, .php)website (.html, .php)

SSharable harable CContent ontent OObjectbject

Sharable Content Object (SCO)

Web-site(html;php)

Graphics, photo

(jpg;gif) Video(avi;mpg;

wmv)

Text(doc;pdf)

Presentation(ppt;swf)

Table(xls)

Test(html;js)


RReference eference MModelodel The course (subject) developed from objects The course (subject) developed from objects

”packaged” in this manner is “controlled” by a ”packaged” in this manner is “controlled” by a Learning Management System (LMS) on the basis Learning Management System (LMS) on the basis of data contained in a special descriptive-of data contained in a special descriptive-adaptation-managing “adaptation-managing “manifestmanifest” file” file


RReference eference MModelodel

SCO1

SCO7

SCO6

SCO2

SCO3

SCO5

SCO4

Manifest(xml)

imsmanifest.xml


Some toolsSome tools ofof eLearningeLearningSmartBoardSmartBoard helps focus attention, helps focus attention,

clarify concepts and clarify concepts and save time,save time,


clarify concepts and clarify concepts and save time,save time,

can invite learners to try can invite learners to try tasks themselves at the tasks themselves at the front of the room, front of the room,


clarify concepts and clarify concepts and save time, save time,

can invite learners to try can invite learners to try tasks themselves at the tasks themselves at the front of the room, front of the room,

can use digital ink to can use digital ink to highlight key highlight key information and information and reinforce concepts,reinforce concepts,

etc.etc.

Some toolsSome tools ofof eLearningeLearningVideo teachersVideo teachers((lecture tinlecture tin))

TeacherTeacher talks curriculum by talks curriculum by

heart or from papers heart or from papers (the speaker),(the speaker),




talks curriculum by talks curriculum by heart with heart with demonstration (the demonstration (the lecturer),lecturer),




talks curriculum by talks curriculum by heart with heart with demonstration (the demonstration (the lecturer),lecturer),

talks curriculum by a talks curriculum by a presentation (the presentation (the interactive).interactive).

Some interactive eLearning portalSome interactive eLearning portal of me of mehttp://drseres.com/tavoktatas http://drseres.com/tavoktatas

Some interactive eLearning portalSome interactive eLearning portal of of memehttp://drseres.com/captain http://drseres.com/captain

Some interactive eLearning portalSome interactive eLearning portal of of memehttp://drseres.com/ceepus http://drseres.com/ceepus

Some interactive eLearning portalSome interactive eLearning portal of of memehttp://drseres.com/elearning http://drseres.com/elearning

AttendanceAttendance of of eLearning portal eLearning portal http://drseres.com/elearning http://drseres.com/elearning

Robot tutoring in eLearning portal of meRobot tutoring in eLearning portal of mehttp://drseres.com/shahin http://drseres.com/shahin

e-classroom

e-teacher

LucyJohn

Intranet

Bob George

Internet

SummarySummary

In the summary we would like to point In the summary we would like to point outout::

e-learning solutions – especially the lifetime e-learning solutions – especially the lifetime education-systems (elaborated within the confines of education-systems (elaborated within the confines of distance education) of adult education types and the distance education) of adult education types and the systems that achieve the permanent knowledge systems that achieve the permanent knowledge transfer render transfer render

possible and make realize such new forms of learning possible and make realize such new forms of learning and teaching, which make the independent and and teaching, which make the independent and individual learning, the so called interactive (problem individual learning, the so called interactive (problem solving) way of learningsolving) way of learning

process realized in a way never seen before process realized in a way never seen before (independently from geographical or time limitations). (independently from geographical or time limitations).

SummarySummaryIn the summary we would like to point In the summary we would like to point

outout:: It is also very important that these innovative It is also very important that these innovative

solutions and possibilities become accessible for more solutions and possibilities become accessible for more and more people by the ambience and by the IT and more people by the ambience and by the IT solutions developed by the society of knowledge. solutions developed by the society of knowledge.

On the other hand – from the value-production point of On the other hand – from the value-production point of view – the knowledge integration and utilization are view – the knowledge integration and utilization are elevated on such a level, the complete perspectives of elevated on such a level, the complete perspectives of which are unfolding just now. which are unfolding just now.

Our experiments connected to knowledge Our experiments connected to knowledge management, knowledge integration and knowledge management, knowledge integration and knowledge distribution possibly utilized in higher education, as distribution possibly utilized in higher education, as well as our attempts of sharing the relevant results well as our attempts of sharing the relevant results are only a few small steps on this long road.are only a few small steps on this long road.

Prof. Dr. György [email protected]

Dr. György [email protected]

http://drseres.com/

Dr. György [email protected]

http://drseres.com/

Prof. Dr. György [email protected]

Four Questions about e-Learning

Education

elearningsmartboardhelps

sharable content

gyrgy seresdrseresdrseres

learning management

interactive

gyrgy kendekende

knowledge

elearningvideo