Foundations Unit 7 | How To Read The Bible

F O U N D A T I O N S U N I T 2 0 7

How to read the Bible.

AR T IMAG E CRE DI TS:

1. Antonio Rodríguez (1636 - 1691) San Agustín (Wiki Commons — Public Domain)

2. Valentin de Boulogne (1591-1632) Saint Paul Writing His Epistles (Wiki Commons — Public Domain)

3. Michelangelo Caravaggio The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (Wiki Commons — Public Domain)

4. Vincent Van Gogh (1885-1910) Still Life with Bible (Wiki Commons — Public Domain)

5. Carl Heinrich Bloch (1834–1890) Bjergprædiken (Wiki Commons — Public Domain)

6. Andrea Mantegna (1430 - 1506) St. Lucas altarpiece (Wiki Commons — Public Domain)

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C O N T E N T S

3

How to read the Bible.

H O W T O R E A D T H E B I B L E

Session 1 – Reliability Quotations or Stories 7 Introduction 8 Initial Discussion Questions 8 DVD Teaching 8 Summary Page 10 Further Discussion Questions 10 Other Resources 11 Preparation for Session 2 11

Session 2 – For Us Not To Us Quotations or Stories 13 Introduction 14 Initial Discussion Questions 14 DVD Teaching 15 Further Discussion Questions 15 Preparation for Session 3 15

Session 3 – Asking Good Questions Quotations or Stories 17 Introduction 18 Initial Discussion Questions 18 DVD Teaching 18 Further Discussion Questions 19 Preparation for Session 4 19

Session 4 – Same Same, But Different Quotations or Stories 21 Introduction 22 Initial Discussion Questions 22 DVD Teaching 22 Summary Page 24 Further Discussion Questions 24 Preparation for Session 5 24 Other Resources 24

Session 5 – Story Telling Rules Quotations or Stories 27 Introduction 28 Initial Discussion Questions 28 DVD Teaching 28 Summary 30 Further Discussion Questions 30 Preparation for Session 6 30 Other Resources 30

Session 6 – Tough, So Keep Chewing Quotations or Stories 33 Introduction 34 Initial Discussion Questions 34 DVD Teaching 34 Summary Page 35 Further Discussion Questions 35 Other Resources 35

Have you ever found yourself struggling with what you read in Scripture?

• Have you ever found yourself struggling with what you read in Scripture?

• Has anyone asked you a question about some part of Scripture that made you think about how Scripture can be relevant to you today?

• Have you ever wondered how to deal with parts of the Bible that seem to contradict each other?

U N I T O V E R V I E W


4UNIT OVERVIEW

Have you ever found yourself struggling with what you read in Scripture?

These and many other questions are a

part of the life of all Christians in all times

and places.

This Unit is designed to give you some

broad brush principles in regards to how

you might read the Bible and do it with

authenticity to the Scriptures themselves.

While it may not answer all of the questions

you will have about what you read in the

Bible, it will give you some foundational

principles that will guide your reading and

your discussion as you read and consider

this most important of libraries, the Bible.

The Unit is presented by Graham Irvine, a

Ministry Area Leader at Riverview Church.

Graham’s background is in education

as a teacher across many grades from

Primary to High School communities

and as a school Principal for 13 years.

Graham holds a Masters in Education

and a Graduate Diploma in Divinity

and is currently working towards a Masters

in Divinity.

He and his wife have 3 adult children and

2 grandchildren. Along with his wife he

also speaks and teaches in the areas of

parenting and relationships.


5 UNIT OVERVIEW

S E S S I O N 1

ReliabilityWhen people speak about the Bible one of the first questions they ask is

often about its reliability.

“I’ve often thought the Bible should have a disclaimer in the front

saying this is fiction.” — IAN MCKE L L E N, INTE RVI EW ON T H E TODAY SH OW, MAY 2006

“The Bible is a product of man, my dear. Not of God. The Bible did not fall magically from the clouds. Man created it as a historical record of tumultuous times, and it has evolved through countless translations, additions, and revisions. History has never had a definitive version of the book.”

— P. 231 “DA V IN CI COD E” BY DA N BR OW N

“It ain’t those parts of the Bible that I can’t understand that bother me,

it is the parts that I do understand.”

— MARK TWAIN

“A thorough knowledge of the Bible is worth more than a college education.”

— THEODORE ROOSE V E LT

“The Bible is one of the greatest blessings bestowed by God on the children of men. It has God for its author; salvation for its end, and truth

without any mixture for its matter. It is all pure.”

— JOHN LOCKE

7 SESSION 1 RELIABIL ITY


INTRODUCTION

Whenever people discuss Christianity it is not very long before the Bible becomes a part of the discussion.

It is from the Bible that the Christian Faith developed its ideas about where we come from and where we are going to and how to live in the intervening period.

“But the Bible says…” is a phrase heard over and over again as both Christians and non-Christians discuss faith and God.

And yet the Bible is not a list of arguments or propositions with supporting evidence; rather it is, by and large, a book of stories.

It is to these stories, and letters and poems and, yes some lists of rules, to which Christians go when asking questions about what should be believed about a certain idea, or how to deal with a particular situation in life.

In fact we go so far as to say that the Bible has, in some way, authority in our lives. And yet how can stories, poems and letters written thousands of years ago in a different language, into a different culture than our own, have anything to say about our lives today?

There are many parts to answering this question. This unit looks at how we need to actually read the Bible in order to best apply it to our lives.

8SESSION 1 RELIABIL ITY

I N I T I A L D I S C U S S I O N Q U E S T I O N S

What was your exposure to the Bible growing up?

How does the Bible play a role in your life today?

D V D / U S B T E A C H I N G

What do you mean when you use the word inspiration in regards to the Bible?



D I C T A T I O NA L L G O D

R I V E R V I E W ’ SP O S I T I O N

M O T I V A T I O NA L L H U M A N

T H E H E B R E W B I B L E

Law Prophets Writings

Genesis Joshua Psalms

Exodus Judges Proverbs

Leviticus Samuel Job

Numbers Kings Song of Songs

Deuteronomy Isaiah Ruth

Jeremiah Lamentations

Ezekiel Ecclesiastes

The Twelve Esther

Daniel

Ezra-Nehemiah

Chronicles

M A N U S C R I P T E V I D E N C E F O R A N C I E N T W R I T I N G S

Author Written Earliest Copy

Time Span

Number of copies

Caesar 100-44 B.C. 900 A.D. 1,000 yrs 10

Plato 427-347 B.C. 900 A.D. 1,200 yrs 7

Thucydides 460-400 B.C. 900 A.D. 1,300 yrs 8

Tacitus 100 A.D. 1100 A.D. 1,000 yrs 20

Suetonius 75-160 A.D. 950 A.D. 800 yrs 8

Homer (Iliad) 900 B.C. 400 B.C. 500 yrs 643

New Testament 40-100 A.D. 125 A.D. 25-50 yrs 24,000

I N S P I R A T I O N


10SESSION 1 RELIABIL ITY

I N S U M M A R Y

• The Bible is actually a unique library of 66 books, written and complied over a period of 1500 years, on 3 continents (Africa, Asia, Europe) in 3 languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek), by 40+ people

• The Bible is the words of God

• The Bible is the words of people

• Some people believe inspiration is dictation; some believe it is motivation.

• The Old Testament or Hebrew Bible was brought together over a few hundred years by Jewish scholars after the return of the Jews from Babylonian exile.

• The New Testament books were written within 100 years of the death and resurrection of Jesus.

• Evidence used to evaluate ancient documents would place the reliability of the Bible documents as very high, both in their historical accuracy and in their transmission.

F U R T H E R D I S C U S S I O N Q U E S T I O N S :

• Have you ever had a discussion with a non-Christian concerning the reliability of the Bible? Discuss how it went.

• Is it difficult to accept the Bible as a historically reliable document? Why or why not?

• In what way do you think the Bible is relevant to your life today?

• What other questions would need answering for you to believe that the Bible is reliable and/or relevant?

S U M M A R Y

• The Bible is actually a unique library of 66 books, written and compiled over a period of 1500 years, on 3 continents (Africa, Asia, Europe) in 3 languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek), by 40+ people

• The Bible is the words of God

• The Bible is the words of people

• Some people believe inspiration is dictation; some believe it is motivation

• The Old Testament or Hebrew Bible was brought together over a few hundred years by Jewish scholars after the return of the Jews from Babylonian exile

• The New Testament books were written within 100 years of the death and resurrection of Jesus

• Evidence used to evaluate ancient documents would place the reliability of the Bible documents as very high, both in their historical accuracy and in their transmission


SESSION 1 RELIABIL ITY 10


O T H E R R E S O U R C E S :

• Riverview Church’s ‘Hot Topic’ audio files and notes - www.riverviewchurch.com.au/watch-listen/podcasts/foundations-4-hot-topics.html

• “How to Read the Bible for All It’s Worth” by Gordon D. Fee and Douglas Stuart

• Chapter 13 from “Simply Christian” by Tom Wright

• Centre for Public Christianity in Sydney, http://publicchristianity.org/library

P R E P A R A T I O N F O R S E S S I O N 2 :

• Read the Introduction and initial discussion questions for Session 2.

• Take some time to consider the other discussion questions.


S E S S I O N 2

For Us Not To Us

When reading the Bible it is important to remember that it was written for

a particular audience, for a particular reason, at a particular time.

13 SESSION 2 FOR US NOT TO US

B E N J A M I N L . C O R E Y I S A M I S S I O L O G I S T W H O L I S T S T H E F O L L O W I N G 5 W A Y S Y O U C A N

C O M P L E T E L Y M I S U S E T H E B I B L E .

2

Let it point you to anything other than Jesus.

1 Just start quoting Old Testament rules when you want to govern someone’s behaviour.

Assume the Bible is all about YOU.

3Attempt to arrive at meaning without first understanding the culture to which it was written.

4 Discount the fact that it wasn’t originally written in English.

5


INTRODUCTION

My grandmother used to tell me ‘the trouble with common sense is that it isn’t very common’.

Over the years I’ve come across some interpretations of Scripture that don’t show much ‘common sense’.

If ‘common sense’ is not that common then it is important that we learn and develop a set of questions and ways of reading Scripture so as to give us the best possible chance to understand it and apply it to our lives.

Jesus assured us (John 16:13) that the Holy Spirit would be actively involved in leading us to the truth of Scripture. However, I have often had the experience of hearing people’s interpretation of Scripture which rely only on what they think Holy Spirit is telling them. The challenge of course with this, is that there can be no discussion or dissent from the position they hold. If God told them, then who am I to argue?

This is why it is so important that we develop appropriate ‘common sense’ ways of reading and understanding Scripture.

Asking good questions is foundational to developing an appropriate understanding of Scripture.

14SESSION 2 FOR US NOT TO US


Have you come across some ‘strange’ ways people have of interpreting Scripture? Try these:

John 14:13 – God becomes the genie in the bottle. His role is to answer all my prayers.

Phil. 4:13 – no matter what my physical condition I can beat Usain Bolt over 100m

Eph. 6:5 – God ordained slavery

Mark 16:14 – live poisonous snakes should be part of our worship services

Can you think of any words or phrases that over the years have come to mean something that they did not mean earlier on in your life?



1. Scripture is written for us not to us

2. Scripture, Observation, Application, Prayer

3. Scripture - Read Galatians 2:1-5 from multiple translations if you have them

4. Observation – what are the main ideas that you’ve just read?

a. Context – Paul relating to Jewish Christians

b. Author, time of writing, audience – by Paul to Gentile Christians in Asia Minor

c. Why was this written – against the Judaizers

d. What type of writing – letter of persuasion

5. Application – what is it saying to me?

6. Prayer – how might you pray into these ideas?

7. Mark 10:17-27


What other cultural regulations have you come across in your Christian journey?

Does Jesus’ teaching about the camel and the eye of the needle mean that rich people can never be saved?


Read the Introduction and initial discussion questions for Session 3.

Take some time to consider the other discussion questions.

SESSION 2 FOR US NOT TO US15


S E S S I O N 3

Asking Good Questions

If, when reading the Bible, we immediately jump to asking ‘what does this mean for me?’

we may receive some wrong instructions. We need first to ask some important questions.

17 SESSION 3 ASKING GOOD QUESTIONS

“Albert grunted. “Do you know what happens to lads who ask too many questions?”

Mort thought for a moment.“No,” he said eventually, “what?”

There was silence.

Then Albert straightened up and said, “Damned if I know. Probably they

get answers, and serve ’em right.” — TERRY PRATCHE TT, MO R T

“Some communities don’t permit open, honest inquiry about the things that matter most. Lots of people have voiced a concern, expressed a doubt, or raised a question, only to be told by their family, church, friends, or tribe: “We don’t discuss those things here.” I believe the discussion itself is divine. Abraham does his best to bargain with God, most of the book of Job consists of arguments by Job and his friends about the deepest questions of human suffering, God is practically on trial in the book of Lamentations, and Jesus responds to almost every question he’s asked with...a question.”

— ROB BELL, LOVE WINS: A BOOK ABOUT HEAVEN, HELL, AND THE FATE OF EVERY PERSON


INTRODUCTION

Welcome to session 3. We are going to travel a bit deeper into answering some foundational questions about how to interpret Scripture in these next couple of sessions.

So far we have spoken about the reliability of the bibles we have today and how we can be confident they say what the original authors said. We’ve looked at the intersection of God’s inspiration with the human writers and seen that inspiration does not eliminate the culture of the human writer.

And we’ve worked through a simple SOAP framework for reading Scripture.

There are some other questions which we should ask of the text before we jump in and ask ‘what does this text mean to me?’

What is the historical setting for the passage of Scripture I’m reading? The DVD begins with answering this question in regards to the book of Daniel in the Old Testament.

18SESSION 3 ASKING GOOD QUESTIONS


Are there any Scriptures that you have always had a question about?

When someone talks about ‘context’ what does it mean to you?


Historical context – for example the Book of Daniel. This was written during the Jewish exile in Babylon and seeks to help the Jews answer the question, “who are we as Jews if we are without land, King or Temple?”

Historical Context - Philippians 3:20-21 citizens of Rome or of Heaven?

What is literary context?

Mark 11 – read in a number of different translations and make a list of the events


SESSION 3 ASKING GOOD QUESTIONS

D V D / U S B T E A C H I N G C O N T .

Zechariah 9: 9 - Rejoice, O people of Zion! Shout in triumph, O people of Jerusalem! Look, your king is coming to you. He is righteous and victorious, yet he is humble, riding on a donkey— riding on a donkey’s colt.

Isaiah 56:1-8 – Who are the people being called to the Temple? The temple was a place for people from all nations

Jeremiah 7:1-11 – What is the message Jeremiah is bringing to the Jews? Don’t be fooled into thinking that just because you have the temple you are safe

What did this series of events mean to Jesus’ disciples and to the hearers and readers of Mark?


Why do you think Mark said “This is the beginning of the Gospel...”in Chapter 1:1?

Mark was written to people suffering under the persecution of Nero. What do you think the idea of Jesus being King and High Priest would have meant to them? What might it mean for us?


In your bible reading over the next week or so, try to identify different types of writing and list them down.

What do you think is the main difference between poetry and narrative?


19

S E S S I O N 4

Same Same, but Different

When we read we automatically read with a sense of the type of text we are reading. Reading

a weather forecast is different to reading a dictionary item which is different to reading a

poem. When we read the Bible we need to bring the same discernment.

21

T H E S T A R S W I L L F A L L

F R O M H E A V E N

T H E S U N W I L L C E A S E

I T S S H I N I N G

T H E M O O N W I L L

B E T U R N E D T O B L O O D

A N D F I R E A N D H A I L

W I L L F A L L F R O M H E A V E N .

T H E R E S T O F T H E C O U N T R Y

W I L L H A V E S U N N Y I N T E R V A L S ,

W I T H S C A T T E R E D S H O W E R S .

SESSION 4 SAME SAME, BUT DIFFERENT


SESSION 4 SAME SAME, BUT DIFFERENT

INTRODUCTION

We have covered so far:

• Literary context

• Cultural context

• Geographical context

• Historical context

However there are other aspects of the text that will help us understand the text in terms of the original hearers or readers and therefore help us answer what the text might mean for us.

Different styles of writing are meant to be understood using different rules or conventions.


How would you read poetry differently from reading a science text book?

What different types or genres of writing are you aware of in the biblical writings?


Read the following Scriptures using different translations if you have them. Try to gain a sense of how these different types of writings can be identified.

Psalm 24, 2 Chronicles 8:1-6, Matthew 5:13-14, Revelation 7:1-3

22


23 SESSION 4 SAME SAME, BUT DIFFERENT

P O E T R Y :

Poems are complete units of work and should be interpreted in their entirety rather than verse by verse.

The author uses creative images and emotionally evocative language.

Each poem, if it is a psalm, is its own context.

L E T T E R S O R E P I S T L E S :

• Why is the letter written?

• To whom is it written?

• Read it in one sitting, just like a letter.

A P O C A L Y P T I C :

Apocalyptic writing is recognised by its use of cosmic themes and often weird and wonderful creatures and landscapes. The writing is usually a description of visions that were had by the human author but are given to the author by a heavenly messenger.

One of the primary purposes of apocalyptic narrative is to encourage a beleaguered religious community in times of persecution or oppression.1

P R O V E R B S :

When reading and understanding the proverbs of the bible it is important to recognise that the simpler the statement the more likelihood it will not be true all the time.

Put simply, proverbs teach probable truth, not absolute truth. By nature, proverbs are not absolute promises from God that guarantee the promised outcome if one follows them. Rather, they point out patterns of conduct that, if followed, give one the best chance of success, all things being equal.2

Content: What do the words actually mean?


1 William W. Klein, Craig Blomberg & Robert L. Hubbard, Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 444.2 William W. Klein, Craig Blomberg & Robert L. Hubbard, Introduction to Biblical Interpretation (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 389-90.

S U M M A R Y P A G E :

Remember that Scripture is written for us but not to us and so the more information we can gain about the original writer and audience, the better idea we will have about what the text is meant to say, firstly to them and then to us.


• How do the two descriptions of the crossing of the Red Sea in Exodus 14 and 15 differ from each other?

• Choose a couple of other parables that Jesus told and try to discover why he was telling them


• www.biblegateway.com This site has bible dictionaries and encyclopaedias

SESSION 4 SAME SAME, BUT DIFFERENT 24



SESSION 4 SAME SAME, BUT DIFFERENT25

S E S S I O N 5

Story Telling Rules

We live our lives in stories. Who we are and what our life is all about is

presented to us in the story of our life.

27 SESSION 5 STORY TELLING RULES


“The most erroneous stories are those we think we know best - and

therefore never scrutinize or question.” — STE PH E N JAY GOU L D US AUTHO R, N ATURA LI ST, PA L EONTOLOGIST, & P OP UL A RIZE R OF SCIENCE (1941 - 2002)

There are so many different ways lives work out, so many stories, and every one of them is precious: full of joy and heartbreak, and a fair amount of situation comedy.”

— SE AN STE WART, PE RFEC T C I R C LE, 2004

“My case here is that Jesus’ appeals, commands, and so forth are to be seen not simply as ‘new teaching’ in the sense of a few new moral rules or theological principles, but as part of the underlying story he told, which aimed to produce in his hearers a realignment of their own practices, necessarily involving a realignment of the other elements of

their worldview also.”

— N. T. WRIGHT, JESUS AND THE VIC TORY OF GOD, CHRIS T IAN ORIGINS AND THE QUESTI O N O F G OD (LOND ON: SOC IE TY FOR P ROMOTING CHRIST IAN KNOWLED G E, 1996), 245.

INTRODUCTION

With the majority genre in the Bible being story, it is important that we learn how to read these stories in the ways in which the original tellers and writers meant them to be heard and read.

The reason stories feature so strongly in Scripture, rather than a series of rules and regulations and advice, is that each generation is forced to re-read the stories and ask, “What does this story tell me, here and now?” And of course the answer to this will change.


• What have been the most significant stories in the Bible for you?

• Have you ever seen things in a story that you are now reading as an adult that you did not see when you read the story as a child or teenager? Give an example.

• If there are different cultures represented in the group discuss how those different cultures might tell or write stories.


How would you complete the discovered Shakespearian play? What would be some things you would need to find out? What questions might you need to ask?


SESSION 5 STORY TELLING RULES 28


SESSION 5 STORY TELLING RULES29

N.T. Wright’s 5 acts:

1. Creation2. The Fall3. The story of Israel4. The life, death, resurrection and ascension of Jesus5. We live in Act 5 – The Church Act

Hebrew storytelling often has different levels of meaning.

• The first level is the meta-narrative, the story of God’s redemption and restoration of fallen creation.

• The second level is the story of God redeeming a people for His name.

• The third level is the individual narratives, the actual events themselves.

2 Kings 6 – Elisha and his servant

Let’s consider what biblical stories are not.

• Biblical narratives are not allegories or stories filled with hidden meanings.

• Individual Biblical narratives are not intended to teach moral lessons.

Consider these three stories. Are these stories meant to teach a moral lesson?

• The story of Jacob and Esau (Genesis 25:27-34)

• Lot’s willingness to sacrifice his daughters (Genesis 19:3-6)

• Gideon’s story (Judges 6:33-39)

The characteristics of Hebrew narratives:

• Narrator is omniscient – he has all knowledge and control

• Stories rely on scenic presentation – story revolves around situations not people

• Very little character description – character comes via the words and actions of the character

• Dialogue is important because the stories were often originally oral (1 Sam 17:25-29 compare to 1 Sam 9:17, 21)

• Oral tradition – the stories are designed for hearers not readers

• The ultimate character in all Hebrew stories is God


“So that, we must determine—corporately as well as individually—to become in a true sense, people of the book. Not people of the book in the Islamic sense, where this book just drops down and crushes people and you say it’s the will of Allah, and I don’t understand it, and I can’t do anything about it. But, people of the book in the Christian sense; people who are being remade, judged and remoulded by the Spirit through Scripture.”3


Choose a story from the Old Testament and read it through carefully.

• Is there anything new that you have not taken note of before?

• Are you able to identify any of the layers of meaning?

• Are you able to identify any of the techniques discussed?

• Has this added to your understanding of the stories?


Use a Bible dictionary to discover the passages in Scripture that deal with slavery. Use a bible encyclopaedia to discover information about Jesus’ ancestors. These resources may be found at the following web sites.



www.biblegateway.com

www.biblestudytools.com

www.christianity.about.com/od/biblestudyresources/tp/Top4BibleSearch.htm

SESSION 5 STORY TELLING RULES 30

3 N. T. Wright, How can the Bible be Authoritative? Vox Evangelica, 1991, Vol. 21, 7–32


SESSION 5 STORY TELLING RULES31

S E S S I O N 6

Tough, so keep chewing

Even when we ask good questions Biblical passages can still be difficult to understand. This

will always be the case. Sometimes we need to answer the ‘what does this mean?’ Question with

an honest ‘I don’t really know.’

33 SESSION 6 TOUGH, SO KEEP CHEWING

“One of the truly bad effects of religion is that it teaches us that it is a

virtue to be satisfied with not understanding.” — R ICHARD DAWKINS, TH E GOD DELUSI ON

“The tragic fact of the matter is, the doctrinal premises upon which the books are based are no less fabricated than the fictional story lines with which they are presented.”

— WAYNE JACKSON OF THE CHRISTIAN COURIER COMMENTING ON THE LEFT BEHIND SERIES.

“Well, mate, if I was going to have that view, the Bible also says that slavery is a natural condition,” he said, receiving a loud applause from the audience. “Because St Paul said in the New Testament, ‘slaves be obedient to your masters’. And, therefore, we should have all fought for the Confederacy in the US war. I mean, for goodness sake, the human condition and social conditions change.”

— KEVIN RUDD’S (FORMER AUSTRALIAN PRIME MINISTER) RESPONSE TO A QUESTION ON THE ABC’S Q&A PROGRAM, SEPTEMBER 2013


INTRODUCTION

Now that we have a framework from which to work, this session puts the framework into operation in a number of different passages and topics.

In the more aggressive secularism in which we find ourselves these days, having an appropriate response to other’s questions is vital.

Remember that the most important principle when reading Scripture is that Scripture was “written for us not to us”. Therefore we need to find out what the original hearers and readers thought before moving on to our own ideas.


• What topics in Scripture have you struggled with or had someone ask you questions about that you have been unable to answer?

• How have you resolved any of these?


• Many different genres are represented in these verses.(Matthew 1:1-17 and Luke 3:21-38)

• What differences are there in the two lists?

• What reasons might you give for these differences?

• Do these differences matter?

Slavery in Scripture is treated very differently from slavery in the cultures that surrounded the Hebrews in the Old Testament and from the culture of how slaves were treated in the Roman Empire. (Exodus 21 and Ephesians 4-6)


SESSION 6 TOUGH, SO KEEP CHEWING 34


SESSION 6 TOUGH, SO KEEP CHEWING35


• Scripture was written for us not to us

• We must first ask what this meant to the original audience before we ask what it means to us

• Take context, geographical, literary, cultural, historical, political, into account

• Take genre into account

• Contradictions are often just different writers choosing to write in a different way

• Avoid imposing 21st century ideas onto an ancient document


• Have you had any ‘Ah ha’ moments in this series? Share them with the group.

• What things still bother you in regards to the Bible? Can any of the principles spoken about in this series help you with these?

• What resources might you need to acquire to help develop your understanding of Scripture?


Bible software programs such as Logos or Olive Tree are extremely useful

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Foundations Unit 7 | How To Read The Bible

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