Foster Care Reentry Going Beyond 12 Months of Follow-up Terry V. Shaw, MSW, PhD Daniel Webster, MSW, PhD University of California, Berkeley School of Social Welfare This research is funded by the California Department of Social Services and the Stuart Foundation Presented at the 46th Annual National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics (NAWRS) Workshop. August 23, 2006
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Foster Care Reentry Going Beyond 12 Months of Follow-up Terry V. Shaw, MSW, PhD Daniel Webster, MSW, PhD University of California, Berkeley School of Social.
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Foster Care ReentryGoing Beyond 12 Months of Follow-up
Terry V. Shaw, MSW, PhDDaniel Webster, MSW, PhD
University of California, BerkeleySchool of Social Welfare
This research is funded by the California Department of Social Services and the Stuart Foundation
Presented at the 46th Annual National Association for Welfare Research and Statistics (NAWRS) Workshop.
• Length of Time in Care prior to Reunification. • Type of placement a child experiences in foster care.• Number of placements while in foster care.• Race/Ethnicity of the Child.• Age of child at entry into foster care. • Reason for removal or entry into the foster care system.• Caregiver Drug/Alcohol use.• Poverty status (children receiving AFDC).• Marital status (single or multi-parent homes).• Geographic location (urban/rural).• Child health factors.
Study Population
• First Entries to Child Welfare Supervised Foster Care in California (1998-2001).
• Initial stays greater than 5 days.• Children reunifying within 12 months of initial
entry into foster care.• Missing placement types excluded.• Question: Are there differences between the
children reentering care within 12 months and those reentering care from 12 to 24 months?
Full Model Used for Analysis included…
Ethnicity, Gender, Entry Year,
Age at Entry, Length of time in Care, Reason for removal,
County Size, Presence of siblings, AFDC eligible,
Predominant placement type,
Child’s Health/Behavior conditions,
Whether the parents have a referral to a drug/alcohol treatment program,
Whether the child was removed from a single or multi-parent household,
Primary language spoken at home.
Total Reunification in 12 Months 35,822 100.00 4,466 100.00 1,508 100.00Race White 13,219 36.90 1,807 40.46 574 38.06
Entry Year Entry Year = 1998 8,404 23.46 1,049 23.49 390 25.86Entry Year = 1999 8,930 24.93 1,040 23.29 382 25.33Entry Year = 2000 8,991 25.10 1,174 26.29 347 23.01Entry Year = 2001 9,497 26.51 1,203 26.94 389 25.80
Age at Entry Less than 1 year 5,476 15.29 901 20.17 306 20.291 to 2 years 5,302 14.80 714 15.99 278 18.443 to 5 years 6,909 19.29 833 18.65 287 19.036 to 10 years 10,114 28.23 1,089 24.38 394 26.1311 to 13 years 5,010 13.99 606 13.57 165 10.9414 to 15 years 3,011 8.41 323 7.23 78 5.17
Length of Stay LOS: 0 to 3 months 20,374 56.88 2,845 63.70 845 56.03LOS: 3 to 6 months 4,836 13.50 629 14.08 196 13.00LOS: 6 to 9 months 6,509 18.17 616 13.79 334 22.15LOS: 9 to 12 months 4,635 12.94 431 9.65 165 10.94
% of total
% of total
% of total
Children Reentering Care
n n n
Reunified in 12 within 12 Months between 12 & 24 Mo
Less than 1 1 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 13 14 to 15
1.00
1.23
ns
ns
ns
0.35
1.00
1.31
ns
ns
ns
0.38
White
Black
Hispanic
Asian
Native American
Other/Missing
Reentrywithin 12 mos.
Reentry12 to 24 mos.
Odds of Reentry - Ethnicity
Odds of Reentry – Length of time in Care
0 to 3 Months
3 to 6 Months
6 to 9 Months
9 to 12 Months
Reentrywithin 12 mos.
Reentry12 to 24 mos.
1.00
0.79
0.61
0.63
1.00
ns
ns
0.68
Odds of Reentry – Age at EntryReentry
within 12 mos.Reentry
12 to 24 mos.
Less than 1 Year
1 to 2 Years
3 to 5 Years
6 to 10 Years
11 to 13 Years
14 to 15 Years
1.00
ns
0.88
0.89
ns
ns
1.00
ns
0.83
ns
ns
0.80*
* Significant at the 0.1 level
Odds of Reentry – Other FactorsReentry
within 12 mos.Reentry
12 to 24 mos.
2.29
1.89
1.83
1.42
Drug/Alc. Serv.
Title IVE Eligible.
Condition MH
Condition Physical
Condition Behavioral
1.98
2.11
1.55
1.23
1.29* 1.52*
* Significant at the 0.1 level
nsSingle Parent
1.15
Conclusions• Before finalizing models, we will explore issue of
potential bias introduced by stages of incidental selectivity (Berk & Ray, 1982).
• Some differences exist in the children that reenter care between 0-12 months and 12-24 months.
• African American children are 1.23 times more likely to reenter care within 12 months and 1.32 times more likely to reenter care between 12 and 24 months compared to white children.
• A longer stay in care initially is protective for reentries within 12 months (The shorter the initial stay in care the higher the likelihood of reentry). Only children in care for 9 or more months have a significantly lower odds of reentry for reentries between 12 and 24 months.
Conclusions (continued)
• Children between the ages of 3 and 10 have lower odds of reentry within 12 months compared to infants. This is somewhat different when looking at reentries between 12 and 24 months, only ages 3-5 have lower odds of reentry compared to infants.
• If drug/alcohol services are indicated then there is almost 2X the odds of reentry within 12 months. These odds are even higher 2.55 between 12 and 24 months.
• Children with existing health/behavioral/mental health issues have higher odds of reentering foster care in both periods, but the odds are greater in the 12 to 24 month group.
The End!
Center for Social Services Research Web Pagehttp://cssr.berkeley.edu/CWSCMSReports