Forsyth 061208

8/14/2019 Forsyth 061208

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8/14/2019 Forsyth 061208


Presentation Outline

• Power in the wind – helping overcome climate change

– Rural/suburban small wind corollary to urban PV• Overview of small wind technology – US products dominate world

market

– Pre-2000 – battery-charging, inverter added for on-grid

– - – -

• Residential wind incentives and impact on economics

– Average American electric home 10,000 kWh/ year =

5 kW wind turbine• Overview of small wind CoE and economics

• Historic ex ansion of small wind markets

2

• Conservative estimates of market potential – 5,000 MW by 2020

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Calculation of Wind PowerCalculation of Wind Power

• = 3

– Effect of wind speed, V – Effect of rotor diameter on swept area, A

– Effect of elevation and temperature

on air density, ρ

3

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US Wind Resource Assessment MapUS Wind Resource Assessment Map

= += +

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Small Wind Turbines Are DifferentSmall Wind Turbines Are Different

• Utility-Scale Wind Power250 – 2,500 kW wind turbines

– Installed on wind farms, 10 – 300 MW withprofessional maintenance crews

– Installed as one to few turbines, 250 kW on up,

,

– 13 mph (6 m/s) average wind speed – Benefits from Production Tax Credit

10 kW

300 W - 100 kW wind turbines – Installed at individual homes, farms,

, , . – On the “customer side” of the meter,

or off the utility grid entirely

–

5

,

– 9 mph (4 m/s) average wind speed

– Benefits from Investment Tax Credit & stateincentives

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PrePre--2000 Small Wind Turbines2000 Small Wind Turbines• Configuration: 2 or 3 blades aimed into

the wind b the tail

• Blades: Fiber-reinforced plastics

• Over-Speed Protection: Furling (rotorurns ou o e w n , no ra es

• Generator: Direct-drive, permanent

magnet alternator (no brushes), 3-phase, var a e-spee opera on

• Controller: Electronic device that delivers- DC power for charging batteries

- power or u y n erconnec on• Result: – Simple, rugged design

6

ergey , – n y – mov ng par s – Little regular maintenance required

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Small Wind Turbine Technology EvolutionSmall Wind Turbine Technology Evolution

Pre-2000 Post-2000

Grid-connected (Domestic market)

Overspeed with stall, brakes or blade pitch

Battery-charging (International Market)

Overspeed - Furling

Rare Earth Magnets – lighter turbinesLower rotational speeds & quieter airfoils

Ability to brake rotor

Heavier magnets – Heavier nacelleHigher RPM – noisier

Inability to brake turbine – idle only

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Results in 4x production at ½ cost

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DOE/NREL PublicDOE/NREL Public--Private PartnershipsPrivate Partnerships

•DoE/NREL has been a partner without west n power s nce

•Development of the Skystream windturbine including analysis, designreview, technology licensing, bladetesting, and system field testing.

•

• Popular Science - Best ofWhat’s New 2006

• Time Magazine - BestInventions 2006

•

8

Association -Top 10 Green

Building Products 2007

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Skystream Innovative FeaturesSkystream Innovative Features

Zero co inWireless display

slot-less alternator

Fully integrated

and control

Low-noise, sweptfiberglass blades

using NREL airfoils

universal inverter

Patented stall

ntegrate towernoise isolation

programmed speedand power control

Monopole towerwithout guy wires

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Growth of the Small Wind IndustryGrowth of the Small Wind Industry

• In 2000 there were about 40 producers of small wind generators inthe world –

• US small wind manufacturers dominate the world market with 22manufacturers

• Non-US manufacturers anxious to come into US market

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Residential Small Wind Incentiveswww.dsireusa.org

$$

$

$

$

$

$ $ $

$$

Property Tax Incentives

$ Income Tax Credits

Yearly grants through the USDAfarm bill are available for Illinois,Penns lvania Florida Iowa

Productivity

Incentives &Productivity

BUYDOWNS/GRANTS PRODUCTIVITY INCENTIVES MINOR INCENTIVES

$ $

Loans

RPS Puerto Rico

Buydown/Grants

11Federal Incentives: Mainstay Energy –green tag purchase (CA excluded); USDA Federal Farm Bill Title 9006 –grant for rural areas May 10, 2007

, , ,Wisconsin and Ohio.

Buydown/Grants &

Net Metering

Buydown/Grants,

Net Metering, & Loans

Loansncen ves

Net Metering & Loans

Net Metering, Loans

& Prod. Incentives

Net Metering &

Prod. Incentives Net Metering

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Findin the Ti in Point

GOAL: Continue to drive down the Cost of Energy while

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Wind Turbine (preWind Turbine (pre--2000 technology)2000 technology)

Red highlights = Turbine System CostRed highlights = Turbine System Cost

- -

High Cost Low CostBergey Excel-S (10 kW)

Wind turbine & inverter $27,900 $27,900 $27,900

Tower (100 ft guyed) $9,200 $31,950 $7,400

Tower Wiring Kit $1,000 $1,140 $860

Shipping $1,500 $2,000 $1,000

Installation $8,000 $18,000 $2,000

Permits/Fees $500 $6,000 $0

, none

Total $49,052 $94,279 $39,160

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Small Wind EconomicsSmall Wind Economics

Bergey Excel on 100ft TowerBergey Excel on 100ft TowerSimple Payback

Bergey Excel, 100 ft Tower

40

50

a r s

Net Metering Only, 12.5 mph

Net Metering Only, 16 mph

USDA Grant and Net Meterin 12.5 m h

30

b a c k ,

YUSDA Grant and Net Metering, 16 mph

20

i m p l e P a

0

S

14

Electric Rate, ¢/kWh

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Localized GrowthLocalized Growth

San Bernardino Count CASan Bernardino Count CA

• Guasti Construction – started in 2000 with first small turbineinstallation – ½ Full Time E uivalent FTE

• Worked the local zoning and interconnection issues• As of 12/07 – installed 116 turbines (114 in San Bernardino County)

– 6 ¾ FTE

15

Building a module that will work with Jobs, Economic Development Impact (JEDI) tool – in development

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PV & Small Wind Market growth ratesPV & Small Wind Market growth rates140

c

60

80

100

t y i n M W

- d

Grid-Tied

Off-Grid

Per AWEA Market Study – 14%small wind growth in 2007

PV Market

0

20

40

C a p a c i

1 9 9

1 9 9

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

2 0 0

Federal InvestmentTax Credit for PV

16

16Source: Larry Sherwood of IREC

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Conservative US Market PotentialConservative US Market PotentialPreliminary Domestic Market Assessment

70,000

80,00090,000

t s Wind/Diesel

40,000

50,000

60,000

b e

r o f U n i

"Small-Scale"

Community

Farm/Industrial/Bus

0

10,000

20,000

,

N u m

Residential

Off-grid

2005 2010 2015 2020

Year

17

In addition to a very strong international market

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For More InformationFor More Information

- Wind Powering America – www.windpoweringamerica.gov

- Small Wind tab

- American Wind Energy Association – www.awea.org- Small Wind tab

- American Solar Energy Society – small wind division

- www.ases.org

- Incentives – www.dsireusa.org

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