Formaldehyde-Based Resins for Sustainable Composite Wood Products “Informed by LCI data and achieved through proven low-emitting technology” Wood Adhesives 2013 Toronto, Canada October 9, 2013 Jeff Swartzentruber North American Technical Service Leader, Momentive Specialty Chemicals
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Formulations to Meet or Exceed All Global Emission
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Formaldehyde-Based Resins for Sustainable Composite Wood Products“Informed by LCI data and achieved through proven low-emitting technology”
Wood Adhesives 2013Toronto, CanadaOctober 9, 2013
Jeff SwartzentruberNorth American Technical Service Leader, Momentive Specialty Chemicals
Sustainable Composite Wood Products
• What is Sustainability?– 1987 United Nations Bruntland Commission
defined Sustainability • “Development that meets the needs of the
present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
– There are a myriad of other definitions and descriptions of sustainability
– Most have three basic dimensions• Environmental• Social• Economic
– The differences in most definitions is on how these three dimensions are measured and weighted
1930s: Wood waste at 50-60%1955: Particleboard commercially produced in the United States1968: Patent issued for laminated veneer lumber (LVL).
1970: Wood waste at 38%.1971: Patent issued for wood structural I-beams.1978: Oriented strandboad (OSB) manufactured commercially.
1981: Wood waste at 17%Early-1990s: Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL) developed in Canada.Mid to late 1990s: Finger-jointed lumber accepted for structural uses by all major building codes in the U.S. and Canada
2005: Wood utilization reaches 90%, and productivity has grown 29% since 1965 and 14% since 1985 .
2012: Wood waste at 0.14% - 1.5%.
Source: Utilization of Harvested Wood by the North American Forest Products Industry, Dovetail Partners, Inc., 2012
Formaldehyde-based resins were essential in the development of the composite wood products that have increased utilization rates. It wasn’t until the late 1970’s and early 1980’s that focus was given to formaldehyde emissions from those products.
LCI Data Supports Composite Wood Products Carbon Storage
• Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data has been collected for Composite Wood Products– Examples include Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials
(CORRIM)• Softwood Plywood (2005)• I-Joists (2005)• Laminated Veneer Lumber (2005)• Oriented Strand Board (2005)• Particleboard (2008)• Medium Density Fiberboard (2008)• Formaldehyde based resins (2008)
– Data shows that carbon stored in composite wood products exceeds that generated in the extraction and production of the composite wood products
• Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) reports have also been completed for many of these products or in the process of being completed.
Song, Y.S, et. al. Composites: Part A 40(2009) 1257-1265Wilson James B. Wood and Fiber Science 42(X) 2010, pp. 1-19http//www3/abe.lastate.edubiobased/LCAreview.pdf
ECC Certification is available to individual manufacturing plants and requires an on-site qualification audit and subsequent annual audits. Unfinished composite panel products must first comply with the stringent California Air Resources Board (CARB) formaldehyde emissions regulation before being considered for other ECC criteria.
Qualified plants must then meet at least three of the following requirements:
• Carbon Footprint• Local and Renewable Resource• Recycled/Recovered• Sustainability• Wood Sourcing
Sustainability at Momentive is an Integrated Business Approach
At Momentive, ‘sustainability’ creates long-term stakeholder value through responsible stewardship of our assets, the environment, our products and our social responsibility.
• Primary Focus On Resins Used for Interior Products– Indoor Air Quality the driving force – Focus on formaldehyde as an indoor air pollutant result of several factors– HUD standard for PB and HWPW implemented in 1984– ANSI Standards for PB and MDF lowered the levels further– California Air Resources Board Composite Wood Rule pushed the levels down closer
to the levels of natural wood• Outside of North America, similar push for lower emissions in EU, AU/NZ and Japan
Formaldehyde Bioassay Results (Rats) Nasal tumor data that initiated investigations
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tum
or Response
(%)
0 700 2,000 6,000 10,000 15,000
Exposure Concentration (ppb – parts per billion)
Kerns et al., 1983
Monticello et al., 1991
Levels of formaldehyde given to rats that had an effect
Consistent with what has been found for E0/F*** and SE0/F**** in Europe and AU/NZ
*Mole Ratios are expressed as an approximate F/U equivalent to account for melamine
Resin Technology Modifications
• Multiple methods of achieving target molar ratios• Specific to an individual plant’s need for flexibility and required molar ratio range• Incorporation of melamine at the lowest molar ratios (1-4% typical) has become more
• The same molar ratio, or even the exact same resin formulation does not result in the same formaldehyde emissions when used at different manufacturing locations
– Some differences have been observed on different production lines within the same site when making the same products!
• Old relationships still apply– Thicker panels vs. thinner panels– PB vs. MDF– High density vs. low density
• Momentive continues to advocate for bringing value to the wood/forest industry• We continue to advocate vigilantly for:
– The sustainability of the forest products industry– The sustainability of wood as a building/construction product– The sustainability of advanced formaldehyde technologies and its responsible use