Form gene to protein and bingo

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DNA and the Language of Life

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DNA and the Language of Life (chapter 11 of

the book)

• CONCEPTS: Genes, chromosomes and the genome

• Genes are made of DNA

• 1 Gene 1 Protein

• Steps from Gene to Protein

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1 Gene 1 ProteinOne gene, one polypeptide

• The bases: A,T,G,C are the letters in the language of Life• The letters make up words -> genes are the words• The meaning of the Sentences are the polypeptides

(proteins)

11.4 Agene provides the information for making a specific protein

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• From Gene to protein….form DNA to amino Acid…. Information flow:

DNA to RNA to Protein

Nucelotide sequence is converted to a single-stranded RNA molecule in a process called transcription.

CODON: is a three-base “word” that codes for one amino acid

Amino AcidsMONOMER WITH A CENTRAL CARBON ATOM BONDED TO 4 PARTNERS: a H, an Amino group, a carboxyl group and a side group.

Responsible for the chemical properties of

each amino acid.

Amino AcidsProtein

s

26 Letters

Many

words

Alphabet

20 AA

Many protei

ns

Polypeptide chains 100 AA

AMINO ACIDSalanine arginin

easparagin

easpartic

acidcysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine histidine isoleucine

leucine lysine methionine

Phenyl-alanine

proline

serine threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine valine

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• From Gene to protein….form DNA to amino Acid…. Information flow:

DNA to RNA to Protein

Nucelotide sequence is converted to a single-stranded RNA molecule in a process called transcription.

CODON: is a three-base “word” that codes for one amino acid

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Two Processes From Gene to

Protein

• Transcription (same languagedifferent format) Language:nucleic acidsNucleotides bases(ACTG)

• Translation(translate, other“language”)Languages: form nucleic acidsto amino acids (protein)

AMINO ACIDSalanin

eargini

neasparagi

neaspartic acid

cysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine histidine

isoleucine

leucine

lysine methionine

Phenyl-alanine

proline

serine threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

CAU

GTA

mRNA

GUA

DNA

tRNA

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Two Processes From Gene to

Protein

• Transcription (same languagedifferent format) Language:nucleic acidsNucleotides bases(ACTG)

• Translation(translate, other“language”)Languages: form nucleic acidsto amino acids (protein)

AMINO ACIDSalanin

eargini

neasparagi

neaspartic acid

cysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine histidine

isoleucine

leucine

lysine methionine

Phenyl-alanine

proline

serine threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

CAU

GTA

mRNA

GUA

DNA

tRNA

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1 Gene 1 Protein

• Each codon stands for an amino acid. (The table uses abbreviations for the amino acids, such as Ser for serine.)

• The codon AUG not only stands for methionine (Met), but also for "start“.

• There are also three "stop" codons that do not code for amino acids, but signal the end of each genetic message.

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CODON BINGO Bingo card

Bingo chips (or pennies)

List of the 20 amino acids

Genetic Code chart

Results pageAMINO ACIDS

alanine arginine asparagine

aspartic acid

cysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine histidine

isoleucine

leucine lysine methionine

phenylalanine

proline

serine threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine valine

DNA __________ RNA __________ AA ______________

DNA __________ RNA __________ AA ______________

DNA __________ RNA __________ AA ______________

DNA __________ RNA __________ AA ______________

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Methods/steps1.Write the names of the 20 amino acids on your bingo card (use the 4 BOLDED amino acids TWICE)

2. When the teacher pulls the first game card, record the DNA triplet in the RESULTS table (next page). Transcribe the DNA triplet into a mRNA codon using the rules for base-pairing.

3.Translate the codon into an amino acid using the Genetic Code chart.Place a bingo chip/penny in the appropriate position on your bingo card.

AMINO ACIDSalanin

earginin

easparagine

aspartic acid

cysteine

glutamic acid

glutamine

glycine histidine

isoleucine

leucine

lysine methionine

phenylalanin

e

proline

serine

threonine

tryptophan

tyrosine

valine

DNA ____G T A_____ C A U RNA ____G U A______ AA _____Valine_________

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WINNER!!

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3 types of RNAmRNA-messenger

tRNA-transfer

rRNA-ribosomal

HOMEWORK

what does each RNA does in the process form gene to protein?

Study the SHORTHAND SYMBOLS FOR AMINO ACIDS.

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DNA and the Language of Life (chapter 11 of

the book)

• CONCEPTS: Genes, chromosomes and the genome

• Genes are made of DNA

• 1 Gene 1 Protein

• Steps from Gene to Protein

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Steps from Gene to Protein

Transcription: DNA to RNA

http://www.dnai.org/a/index.html

Go to interactive screen- reading the code- putting it together -interactive

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RNA splicing• Introns stay IN nucleus• Exons EXit nucleus• mRNA doesn’tContain introns

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Steps from Gene to Protein

Translation: RNA to ProteinFigure 11-191.Translation begins with the attachment of a ribosome and the first tRNA to a "start" (AUG) codon. 2. The ribosome then moves along the mRNA. The polypeptide elongates as an amino acid is added for each codon.3. When the ribosome arrives at a "stop" codon, the completed polypeptide is released

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Gene videos• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOU4hzR3w-A• https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=qvaAQCLuXHM