Forestry & Society Specialty Forest Products and Recreation HORT/RGSC 302 J.G. Mexal Spring 2002.

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Productsand Recreation

HORT/RGSC 302

J.G. Mexal

Spring 2002

Christmas Tree Production

Forestry Humor

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products

• Decoratives– cork– birch bark flats– bark mulch– pine straw/litter

• Chemicals– resins– naval stores– insecticides (neem)

• Waste products– walnut shells (tanning)

• Floral Greens– ferns– baby’s breath– mosses

• Christmas & Evergreen Boughs– pine cones– holly– branches

• Understory Plants– mushrooms– medicinals

Trees are Wedding Favors/Aug’03

The GreenWorld Project, a division of Itasca Greenhouse in Cohasset,

will supply tree seedlings as wedding favors

Quercus suberCork oak

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products/

Schery 1952 http://www.granorte.pt/cork_oak.htm

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products

http://www.dicknsons.com/corkhist.htm

http://www.beyond.fr/flora/oakcork.html

http://www.jelinek.com/cork.htm

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products

http://www.corkmasters.com/facts/bark-to-bottle.stm

•17 billion bottles of wine produced each year•9% = synthetic•12% of corks contaminated with fungus that produces

2,4,6-trichloroanisole, or TCA

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products

• Christmas trees and greens = $500/ton

• Bear grass = $0.43/bunch

• Huckelberry = $0.73/bunch

• Salal = $1.06/bunch

• Scotch broom = $0.51/bunch

• Sword fern = $0.64/bunch

• Moss = $0.37/lb

Non-timber Forest Products/ Alexander et al. 2002

Non-timber Forest Products/ Alexander et al. 2002

• Medicinal Plants– Saw palmetto berries ($55/lb)

• Wild mushrooms- – Boletus = $5.69– Chanterelles = $3.26– Morels = $5.04– American matsutake = $14.08 0

10

20

30

40

50

1985 1989 1992

KK$

WA, OR, ID wildmushroom value

Edible mushrooms in the NW/ Pilz & Molina ForEcolMgt 155:3:2002

Common Name Latin Name $/kg kg/ha

OR black truffle Leucangium carthusianum 100 5-10

OR white truffle Tuber gibbosum 50 5-30

Amer. matsutake Trecholoma magnivelare 33 3-15

Morels Morchella sp. 11 1-6

King bolete Boletus edulis 11 n.a.

Chanterells Cantharellus sp. 5 2-20

Forestry & Society

Specialty Products/Matsutake mushrooms J.For. 97:4-11:1999

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

FS Income ($)

10,000

5,000

Permits (no)

FS Income ($)

Permits (no)

31

8

4Yield (lb/ac)

Forestry & Society

Specialty Products/edible mushrooms Science Findings 28/oct’00

• In 1992:– morels 1.3 million lbs– chanterelles 1.1 million lbs– matsutake 0.8 million lbs from ID,OR,WA

Mushroom Harvesting in Mexico/Ciencia Forestal

Forestry & Society

Specialty Products/edible mushrooms J.For. 97:4-11:1999

Morchella elata - morels

Chantharellus cibarius - chanterelles

Tricholoma magnivelare - Matsutake

Thinning vs mushroom production-OR/ Pilz et al. JFor104(1):9:’06

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1996 1997 1999 2001

Control (250 tpa)

Light thin (120 tpa)

Heavy thin (50 tpa)

Chanterelles (lb/ac)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1994 1995 1996 1997 1999 1999 2001

0

50

100

150

200

250

300Pounds/ac

Number/ac

Chanterelles (lb/ac)

Thinned in ‘96

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products/Missouri

• Product– Witch hazel

– Purple cone flower

– Black walnut hulls

– Genseng

– Goldenseal

– May apple

– Slippery elm

• Demand (lbs)– >110,000

– 65,000

– >200,000

– 230,000

– 275,000

– 220,000

– 200,000

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products/Pacific NW

Item Value Total Value

Beargrass $0.90/bunch $11,500,000

Baby’s breath $1.50/bunch $ 5,000,000

Sword fern $0.62/bunch $ 1,500,000

Douglas-fir $200/ton $ 263,000

Western juniper $500/ton $ 142,000

Cones $0.04 ea $ 253,000

• Maple Syrup (Acer saccharum)– $30 KK/yr (1.36 KK gal)– Top States

• Vermont (#1 = 40%)

• Maine

• New York

• Massachusetts (9th = 50 K gal)

– 40 gal (@1% sugar) will make 1 gal syrup– 28 gal(@3.2% sugar) will make 1 gal

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products-NE

Forestry & Society

Specialty Products/Peru

Resin Collection

Rubber Extraction

“Extract the value of the tree before cutting it down”/Ciencia Forestal

Forestry & Society

Specialty Products/Naval Stores- Schultz 1997

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

0% 2% 8%

0 m1.2 m2.4 m

Paraquat

Oleoresin (%)

Height above Wound

Western Red Cedar/ Thuja plicata

Greg Gilbert

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products-Chile, Canada

Peat Moss - Chile

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products- Silkworm moth w/ cocoon/ feeds on mulberry

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products- So. Pine needles

Forestry & Society

Specialty Forest Products-biomass

Monarch Butterfly

Neotropical Parrots

Recreation or Ecotourism/Ciencia Forestal

Forestry & SocietyRecreation Visitor Days (RVDs) by Agency/

USDA FS Ecosystem Management 1993 Ann. Rep

Corps Eng.29%

Park Ser17%

Bur.Rec.3%BLM

7%

For. Ser44%

Other0%

288

116

192

47

566KK RVDs

22

Forestry & SocietyBelow Cost Recreation (in $1,000)/

Policy Studies J. 23:258,286:1995Year Appropriation Receipts1983 140,000 37,8371984 135,000 47,9511985 125,000 51,0061986 145,000 48,6831987 150,000 47,6421988 170,000 51,7471989 160,000 55,7161990 200,000 56,6161991 215,000 48,0311992* 230,000 50,0001993* 240,000 55,000

*USDA FS Ecosystem Management 1993 Ann. Rep.

Forestry & SocietySpecialty Products/Review Questions

• What are some of the specialty products extracted from forests in the US? In the world?

• Should the US government support ‘below-cost’ recreation? Why?

• Can specialty products be harvested on a sustainable basis?