Forest Tenure in Cambodia Conference on Forest Tenure and Regulatory Reforms: Experiences, Lessons and Future Steps in Asia 24-25 September 2010 Beijing, People’s Republic of China Chea Sam Ang Deputy Director General Forestry Administration Cambodia
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Forest Tenure in Cambodia
Conference on Forest Tenure and Regulatory Reforms: Experiences, Lessons and Future Steps in Asia
24-25 September 2010 Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Chea Sam AngDeputy Director GeneralForestry Administration
Cambodia
Protected Areas 3 million haFA Protected Forest 1.5 million haCommunity Forestry 0.4 million haForest at present under concessions 3.2 million haProduction Forest 2.6 million ha
Present Forest Function and Expected Forest Re-classification
3
1.5
0.4
3.2
2.6
3 3
2
2.6
0.3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
PA PF CF FC PDF
Now Future
Present functions of Cambodian forestsProtected
Areas 3 million ha
FA Protected Forest 1.5 million ha
Community Forestry 0.4 million ha
Forest at present under concessions 3.2 million ha
Production Forest 2.6 million ha
Expected re-classification of Cambodian forests
Protected Areas 3 million ha
FA Protected Forest 3 million ha
Community Forestry 2 million ha
Forest at present under concessions 0.3 million ha
Production Forest 2.6 million ha
National Forestry Program 2010-2029
• Demarcation , classification and Registration of Permanent Forest Estate
• Conservation and Forest Resource Development and Biodiversity
• Law Enforcement and Governance• Development of Community Forestry • Capacity and Research Development• Sustainable Forest Financing
Regulatory Framework for Forest Tenure to Local Communities in Cambodia
Forestry Law (2002) Community Forestry Sub-Decree (2003) Prakas Community Forestry Regulation
(2006) National Community Forestry Program
(2006) Protected Area Law (2008) Sub-Decree on Registration of Land of
Indigenous Communities (2009) Community Forestry Program under
National Forestry Program (2010)
Coordination Mechanism and Multi-Stakeholder Involvement
Technical Working Group on Forestry and Environment (TWG F&E)
National Community Forestry Program Coordination Committee (NCFPCC)
National Forestry Program Task Force
National Community Protected Area Network
Forest Tenure Arrangement for Local Communities
Community Forest Agreement (CFA)
Use and management rights granted to communities
15-year agreement (renewable) signed between Forestry Administration (FA) Cantonment and Community Forestry Management Committee (CFMC)
Community Protected Area Agreement (CPAA)- similar as CFA
Collective Title for Indigenous Community
Status of Forest Tenure to Local Communities in Cambodia
430 CFs established covering 380,976 ha, 212 CF Agreements signed
91 CPAs established covering 115,616 ha
4 CPA Agreements signed Collective land titles for
indigenous communities
Lessons and Experiences in Forest Tenure Reform
Forest tenure reform started in early 2000 Slow, gradual and complicated process Involves multiple agencies and stakeholders Covers political, socio-economic, cultural and
institutional dimensions Tenure rights need strong complementary
technical, institutional, and livelihood support Involves conflicting interests and land use
overlaps
Challenges in Forest Tenure Reform
Institutional – Multiple ministries involved Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)-
Permanent Forest Estate by Forestry Administration and Mangrove/Inundated Forest by Fisheries Administration
Ministry of Environment (MOE) for Protected AreasMinistry of Land Management, Urban Planning and
ConstructionMinistry of InteriorMinistry of Rural DevelopmentMinistry of FinanceMinistry of Industry, Mining and Energy
Challenges in Forest Tenure Reform Technical support Community forest management planning and
implementation CF livelihood development Organizational support Strengthening capacities of local FA, district/commune and
NGO staff Building capacities of CF members Benefit sharing Conflict management ( overlapping land uses, etc) Emerging Trend REDD (using community forestry as platform)
What Cambodia can learn from other countries in Asia
• Forest agency reforms/Re-orientation• Community forestry enterprise development
models• Other alternative forest tenure arrangements• Market regulation and liberalization• Sustainable funding mechanisms• Coordinated poverty and social inclusion focus