Forest Road Assessment Using, recording and maintaining the asset David Killer - Forestry Civil Engineering - 23 October 2007
Jan 21, 2016
Forest Road Assessment
Using, recording and maintaining the asset
David Killer - Forestry Civil Engineering - 23 October 2007
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what are forest roads for?
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the main users of many forest roads
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road condition survey
• to define the usage of each segment of road in terms of low, medium or high for the following categories: timber traffic, light vehicles, cyclists, horses, walkers and other
to decide on the optimum surfacing solution for each usage combination
to record the actual condition against the optimum to estimate the cost of moving to the optimum
surfacing solution
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road condition survey (cont’d)
to assess the strength of roads for harvesting purposes (GPR and FWD)
• to record the condition of other features which include: the sensitivity of the area to water (this determines the attention paid to side ditches and culverts), the condition of side drains, surface potholes, road shape and vegetation
• data transferred to an Arc9 geodatabase
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inputting usage data
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surface characteristics
max size mm coarser >><10 10 20 40 75 100 125 >125
husky x x x x x xwalk x x x x x
more horse x x x x xtolerant cycle x x x xdown van x x x x
HGV x x x xrally x x xfwdr x x
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survey vehicle
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Scotland England Wales FCEAssets
Class A roads - m 2,675,339 752,100 504,071 3,931,510 Class B roads - m 3,145,902 2,058,805 1,824,663 7,029,370 Class C roads - m 1,962,407 1,049,710 1,147,840 4,159,957 Total Forest Roads - m 7,783,648 3,860,615 3,476,574 15,120,837 Other unclassified roads -m 1,562,438 4,910,325 482,634 6,955,397
Road density Class A/B m/Ha 8.8 12.8 18.3 10.9 Road density Class A/B/C m/Ha 11.8 17.6 27.3 15.0 Road density Class A/B/C/Other m/Ha 14.2 40.0 31.0 22.0
Area - Ha 658,572 219,143 127,561 1,005,276
Condition Survey (For all Class A/B/C roads)survey days (technician only) days 365 169 116 650 data process days (technician only) days 778 386 348 1,512 Total Technician time days 1,144 555 464 2,162
data capture and processing
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results of road assessment
1. Record of road usage and actual condition
2. Recommendations for achieving optimum condition for actual usage
3. Access to funds for recreation/health
4. Improved knowledge of road strength and improved targeting of maintenance resource
5. GIS video record of all forest infrastructure
6. Better predictions of serviceability of forest and minor public roads
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bottom line
• FC has 4,000km of Class A roads• Assume these are re-surfaced every 10 years• using 1T/m = 400,000T of stone pa• assume an average of £5/T = £2M• aim for 10% saving from targeted maintenance• allowing for cost of survey the net saving =
£100k pa• 40k T of stone = saving of 4k T of CO2
RUTT
Roads Under Timber Traffic
RUTT ProjectRoads under Timber TransportA joint study by Forestry Civil Engineering & the University of Nottingham
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Left hand side wheel path6.10%SoakedRiskJ. Jones TPCS19/Sep
Right hand side wheel path5.00%SoakedRiskJ. Jones TPCS19/Sep
Test due on 10th October?SoakedRiskJ. Jones TPCS18/Sep
Trial 7
6.20%SoakedRiskJ.M. Artic + FCE ML06/SepTrial 6
5.17%SoakedType 1John Scott LGP18/AugTrial 5
Material at Scotland Lab SoakedType 1J.M. Lorry&Drag + FCE ML
08/AugTrial 4
Rut bottom - Right hand wheel track5.70%
Wheel Track - 0 to 7cm depth3.90%SoakedType 1John Miller (J.M.) Aritc24/JulTrial 3
Material at Scotland Lab SoakedType 1FCE ML27/JunTrial 2
N/ADryType 1FCE ML (Multi-Lift)26/JunTrial 1
RemarksMoisture Content
ConditionMat.VehicleDateTrial
RUTT Project - Ringour Trials Laboratory Results
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Section T2A - Artic Timber lorry (Super-Single) Relationship between No. of Passes and Depth of rutt
1.175
1.180
1.185
1.190
1.195
1.200
1.205
1.210
1.215
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
No. of Passes
Dep
th (
m) Transverse Distance - 2.5m
Transverse Distance - 2.6m
Transverse Distance - 4.5m
Transverse Distance - 4.6m
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Trial 7 TPCS Highway Loaded Section T4
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
Transverse Width
Dis
pla
cem
ent
mm
Zero Passes T4
20 Passes T4
40 Passes T4
70 Passes T4
100 Passes T4
Original
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SIEVE ANALYSIS RESULT - Trial 7
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0
Sieve Size (mm)
% P
assi
ng
Upper Limit - Swedish Spec
Lower Limit - Swedish Spec
Left Hand Wheel Path
Right Hand Wheel Path
Poor Material Grading Analysis
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Some Points about the Trials
• Each trial involves running vehicles over the section 100 times, measuring at set intervals.
• The section was watered every 10 passes.• The first two trials were designed to
compare rutting in dry and wet conditions.• The fourth trial involved two vehicles
running in different tracks to allow comparison under the same conditions. An important development.
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Some More Points about the Trials
• The seventh trial employed a vehicle fitted with the Tireboss system running at three increasing tyre pressure configurations on the drive and trailer axles. The steering axle tyre pressure could not be altered from normal.
• An eighth trial was conducted running the Multi-Lift with all tyres at 70 psi in one track and at 110psi in a second track.
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Observations so far
• The main factors that influence rutting are moisture content and tyre pressure/load.
• It is thought that rutting is proportional to the highest tyre pressure / axle load combination (this includes the steering axle).
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The Final Message
• It was found that tyre pressures varied enormously, some unnecessarily high at 125 psi.
• If road damage equates to high tyre pressures
• Get a tyre pressure gauge and stop these guys wrecking your roads and their tyres
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Tyre Pressure Gauge