Invasives in Georgia…. Jeff Kastle Forest Health Forester Georgia Forestry Commission Threats to Forest Health
May 14, 2015
Invasives in Georgia….
Jeff KastleForest Health ForesterGeorgia Forestry Commission
Threats to
Forest Health
in Georgia
Invasives and Other Forest Health Issues in Georgia….
Jeff KastleForest Health ForesterGeorgia Forestry Commission
Forest Health ManagementForest Health Coordinator – Chip Bates
Forest Health Specialist:Mark McClure - Southwest GeorgiaLynne Womack – North GeorgiaChris Barnes – East Georgia
Forest Health Technicians:Jim SullivanScott CameronReggie Morgan
Forest Health ManagementMonitoring Activities
Southern Pine Beetle Activity • Spring Trapping (annual prediction) & Aerial
Monitoring
Gypsy Moth Trapping
Emerald Ash Borer Trapping
Monitor for Sudden Oak Death Pathogen
Forest Health ManagementOther Activities
Cogon Grass• If discovered, Forest Health personnel will
treat the spot at no cost to the landowner. This usually requires a minimum of three annual visits
Forest Health ManagementOther Activities
Hemlock Wooly Adelgid• Georgia Forestry Commission rents
soil injectorsBrief History• Native of southeast Asia• Accidentally introduced in 1924
Invasive Species?
What IS An Invasive?
ANY Plant or Animal that has been introduced.
What IS An Invasive?
ANY Plant or Animal that has been introduced and aggressively competes with and displaces local native communities.
What IS An Invasive?
ANY Plant or Animal that has been introduced and aggressively competes with and displaces local native communities.Normally having No Natural Enemies to limit reproduction and spread.
What are some Common Invasive
Species?
What are some commonInvasive Species?
• Kudzu
• Wisteria
What are some commonInvasive Species?
• Kudzu
• Wisteria
• Chinese Privet
• Chinaberry
• Cherokee Rose
What are some commonInvasive Species?
• Kudzu
• Wisteria
• Chinese Privet
• Chinaberry
• Cherokee Rose
• Chinese Tallowtree
2009 Dirty Dozen List:Rank Species or Genera Acres
1 Non-native Privet 347,3462 non-native Lespedeza 58,3913 kudzu 26,6694 Chinaberry 23,0575 Japanese Climbing Fern 9,2256 Tallowtree 7,2047 non-native Roses 5,7998 non-native Olives 5,1589 chinese/japanese wisteria 5,045
10 napalese browntop 4,06111 Mimosa 3,56712 Cogongrass 200
495,722
•Top 11 species removing honeysuckle and fescue
•Cogongrass is GFC estimate
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet 14%2 Napalese browntop 60%3 Chinaberry 13%4 Kudzu 17%5 Non-native lespedeza 1%6 Japanese climbing fern 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop 60%3 Chinaberry 13%4 Kudzu 17%5 Non-native lespedeza 1%6 Japanese climbing fern 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry 13%4 Kudzu 17%5 Non-native lespedeza 1%6 Japanese climbing fern 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry (67,543 Acres) 13%4 Kudzu 17%5 Non-native lespedeza 1%6 Japanese climbing fern 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry (67,543 Acres) 13%4 Kudzu (42,158 Acres) 17%5 Non-native lespedeza 1%6 Japanese climbing fern 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry (67,543 Acres) 13%4 Kudzu (42,158 Acres) 17%5 Non-native lespedeza (41,069 Acres) 1%6 Japanese climbing fern 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry (67,543 Acres) 13%4 Kudzu (42,158 Acres) 17%5 Non-native lespedeza (41,069 Acres) 1%6 Japanese climbing fern (20,563 Acres) 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry (67,543 Acres) 13%4 Kudzu (42,158 Acres) 17%5 Non-native lespedeza (41,069 Acres) 1%6 Japanese climbing fern (20,563 Acres) 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
2,226,800 Acres of non-native invasive plants across Georgia
2013 “Dirty Dozen”ListRank Species or Genera
Percent Increase
1 Non-native privet (726,148 Acres) 14%2 Napalese browntop (111,836 Acres) 60%3 Chinaberry (67,543 Acres) 13%4 Kudzu (42,158 Acres) 17%5 Non-native lespedeza (41,069 Acres) 1%6 Japanese climbing fern (20,563 Acres) 26%7 Mimosa 19%8 Non-native roses 21%9 Chinese tallowtree 36%
10 Non-native olive 26%11 Chinese / Japanese wisteria 36%12 Cogongrass 183 Acres
14% Increase in 2 years across Georgia
Kudzu
•Imported in 1876
•Erosion Control in the 30’s
•Use Chemical or Biological Control
•Tordon, Transline, or Escort
Chinese Privet
•Imported in 1852
•Planted as an ornamental
•Adapts well to many sites
•Aggressive invasive species
Chinese Privet• By far one of the most invasive species in
Georgia
• Colonizes low wet areas readily
• Spread easily by wildlife (birds)
• Forms dense thicket walls
• Shades and out competes with many native species and once established, is very difficult to remove
Chinese Privet
Control• Because privet is an evergreen, winter time is a
great time to target this species
• Not much else is green during this time
• Very few other things will be harmed by foliar active herbicides like glyphosate (ex. Round-up)
• Most common prescription is a 2% - 5% solution rate of 41% active ingredient products of glyphosate applied evenly over the shrub
Chinese Privet
• Great example of why invasive species need to be controlled
• Without control they have the potential to dominate sites and push out native species
• Reduce the native bio-diversity
Japanese Climbing Fern
Japanese Climbing Fern
• First introduced in 1930’s (ORNAMENTAL)
• Approximately 20,000 acres
• Easily spread in pine straw
Japanese Climbing Fern
Japanese Climbing Fern
• Dies back in late winter
• Dead vines providing a trellis for
re-establishment
Japanese Climbing Fern
Japanese Climbing Fern
Japanese Climbing Fern
• Southern Bark Beetle– Prediction Survey– Aerial Bark Beetle
Survey
• Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
• Laurel Wilt Disease
• Early Detection Rapid Response
• Sudden Oak Death
• Annosum Root Disease
• Cogongrass
• Chinese Tallowtree
• Japanese Climbing Fern
• Chinese Privet
• Exotic Wood Borers
• Emerald Ash Borer
• Gypsy Moth
• Trifoliate Orange
• Tree of Heaven
Ips species (3)
Southern Pine Beetle Dendroctonus frontalis
Black Turpentine Beetle Dendroctonus terebrans
3 Main Types of Pine Bark
Beetles
Southern Pine Beetle
• Without question, has the potential to cause the most damage to timber (more than any other single disease or insect)
• Historically, we have very little damage in South Georgia
• Normally a major problem in North Georgia• Damage goes in cycles
Southern Pine Beetle
Prediction Survey• Usually completed about the time the dogwoods are
beginning to leaf out
Lindgren Funnel Trap
Clerid beetles are natural predators of the Southern Pine Beetle
•Southern Pine Beetle
–Prediction Survey (Spring)
–Aerial Bark Beetle Survey (as needed)
Detection Survey
Detection Survey
Pine Beetle Spots Start Small & Spread QuicklyPine Beetle Spots Start Small & Spread Quickly
Pine Beetle Spots Start Small & Spread QuicklyPine Beetle Spots Start Small & Spread Quickly
Pine Beetle Control and Prevention
• Periodic thinning to maintain a vigorous growing stand
• Pre-commercial thinning in young overstocked stands
Too dense
Room To Grow
Our global economy….
The port of Savannah and the Atlanta airport have the potential to bring in many non-native species.
The Port of SavannahThe Port of Savannah……
19941994 550,000 Containers550,000 Containers
2009 2009 2.36 million 2.36 million ContainersContainers
2010 2010 2.82 million 2.82 million ContainersContainers
2011 2011 2.93 million 2.93 million ContainersContainers
(Projected Growth)(Projected Growth)
20152015 4.37 Million 4.37 Million ContainersContainers
Homeland Security – Customs and Border ProtectionHomeland Security – Customs and Border Protection
The Expansion has started
Solid Wood Packing Material
Solid Wood Packing Material
Laurel Wilt Disease
WHAT IF ?????
THIS HAD BEEN:OAKPINE
• Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
• Chinese Tallowtree
• Southern Pine Beetle
• Sudden Oak Death
• Heterobasidion Root Disease
• Exotic Wood Borers
• Emerald Ash Borer
• Gypsy Moth
• Trifoliate Orange
• Tree of Heaven
• Chinese Privet
QUESTIONS ?Jeff Kastle
Forest Health Forester
1055 E. Whitehall RoadAthens, Ga. 30605
GATREES.org
Office: 706.552.4450
E-mail: [email protected]