ICAS Forest Habitats within CON, PAN, STE, BLS Biogeographical Regions – practical management challenges from specific Natura 2000 sites Iovu-Adrian BIRIȘ, National Forest Research and Management Institute, Romania Natura 2000 Seminar CON, PAN, STE & BLS Biogeographical Region, 29 th June -1 st July 2015, Luxembourg
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ICAS
Forest Habitats within CON, PAN, STE, BLS
Biogeographical Regions – practical management
challenges from specific Natura 2000 sites
Iovu-Adrian BIRIȘ,
National Forest Research and
Management Institute, Romania
Natura 2000 Seminar CON, PAN, STE & BLS Biogeographical Region,
29th June -1st July 2015, Luxembourg
ICAS
Aim:
presenting some practical habitat management experiences from specific Natura
2000 sites/ LIFE+ projects identified by Working Group on Forests and Woodland
in the frame of “LIFE platform meeting on the management of Continental,
Steppic, Pannonic and Black Sea habitats”, Sighisoara, 28-27 May 2015.
Aspects discussed within the Working Group:
• Habitats covered by LIFE projects;
• Key issues for each particular habitat;
• Solutions and recommendations for habitat conservation;
• Relation with stakeholders (and authorities) – problems;
• Solutions and opportunities for woodland and forest conservation learned
from concrete work that was done within LIFE projects;
• key conclusions
ICAS
I. Habitats covered by LIFE+ projects: 1. hygrophilous/alluvial forests:
91E0* - Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-
Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae);
91F0 - Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis and Ulmus
minor, Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia, along the great rivers
(Ulmenion minoris);
92A0 - Salix alba and Populus alba galleries.
2. termophilous oak forests:
91H0* Pannonian woods with Quercus pubescens;
91I0* - Euro-Siberian steppic woods with Quercus spp.;
91M0 - Pannonian-Balkanic turkey oak –sessile oak forests;
91AA - Eastern white oak woods;
ICAS
II: Key issues for each particular habitat:
91E0*:
• Replacement of the habitat with Norway spruce plantations in the floodplains
(DE);
• Channeling of streams/rivers (DE, RO, BG);
• Historical river regulation works/hydrological modifications (DE, RO, BG);
• Sand and gravel extraction from the riverbed (RO, BG);
• Forest restitution and fragmentation of ownership (RO). In Ro, management
planning is voluntary for forest properties below 10 ha according the new Forest
Code;
• Urbanization and infrastructure
network development (RO);
• Illegal cuttings, especially in the
proximity of villages (RO; BG);
• Excesive grazing (RO, BG);
• Household waste and excesive
human presures(RO).
• Hydroelectric power plants
on rivers/streams(RO);
ICAS
91F0:
• Historical river regulation works/hydrological modifications (RO);
• Invasive plant species (mainly Amorpha fruticosa, Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
(RO);
• Replacement of the habitat with black walnut (Juglans nigra) plantations in the
floodplains (RO);
• Inadequate forest management (mistakes in natural regeneration of oak, forest
harvesting without replanting, ) (RO);
• Forest restitution and fragmentation of ownership (RO). In Ro, management
planning is voluntary for forest properties below 10 ha according the new
Forest Code;
ICAS
92A0:
• Historical river regulation works/hydrological modifications (RO, BG);
• Sand and gravel extraction from the riverbed (RO, BG);
• Invasive plant species (mainly Amorpha fruticosa) (RO, BG);
• Replacement of the native poplars and willow species with hybrid poplars
plantations in the floodplains (≈ 100 000 ha in RO) (RO, BG);
• Danube and major rivers bank erosion (RO, BG);
• Forest restitution and fragmentation of ownership (RO). In Ro, management
planning is voluntary for forest properties below 10 ha according the new
Forest Code;
• Grazing by domestic animals (RO);
• Replacement of alluvial forests and wetlands with agricultural polders in
Danube Delta and Floodplain during 1960-1980 (RO).
ICAS
river terrace
dikes
Danube arm
Large Island of Braila: before (A) and after (B) river regularization works.
A B
ICAS
91AA, 91H0*:
• Clearcutting and inappropriate forest management which deteriorate stand
structure and natural regeneration process (by reducing the proportion of
pubescent oak and impeding natural regeneration and increasing the proportion