”Forensic psychiatric evaluations concerning mentally ill, non- psychotic offenders* in 2003 and 2008 at 4 regional centers in Denmark – development, differences and similarities" * §69 in the Danish Penal Code Stockholm 2011 Stockholm 2011 Gitte Ahle 1 The § 69-study
25
Embed
”Forensic psychiatric evaluations concerning mentally ill, non-psychotic offenders* in 2003 and 2008 at 4 regional centers in Denmark – development, differences.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
at 4 regional centers in Denmark – development, differences and
similarities" * §69 in the Danish Penal Code
Stockholm 2011Stockholm 2011
Gitte Ahle 1
The § 69-study
§ 69-studyThe aim:
• To provide greater knowledge about the group of offenders covered by § 69 of the Danish Penal Code
Gitte Ahle 2
The Danish Penal Code
• § 16:… psychotic and mentally retarded (regarded irresponsible) offenders are not punishable, but will be sentenced to psychiatric treatment.…
• § 69:.. non-psychotic or mentally retarded, but otherwise mentally disturbed offenders may be sentenced to treatment rather than punishment – when treatment is considered the more appropriate sanction in order to prevent relapse into crime…
Gitte Ahle 3
Forensic patients 1990-2006Prevalence
0
1000
2000
Ant
al
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
tid
Growth rate 1989 – 1999 : 6.7 % per year Growth rate 2000 – 2001 : -1.5 % per year Growth rate 2002 – 2006 : 11.4 % per year
Gitte Ahle 4
Number
Year
2010: 2638 forensic patients in Denmark
Developement in the numbers of forensic patients
• The number of forensic patients has increased dramatically in Denmark as well as in many other countries during the last three decades.
• The patients primarily suffer from schizophrenia.
• The offenses committed by the patients are often violent offenses.
• Journal of the Danish medical association: Kramp et al. 2008;170(46):3768
Gitte Ahle 5
The § 69-study Research questions
• Is the number of § 69-cases increasing?
• Has the diagnostic pattern changed?• Has the crime pattern changed?• Has the nature of alcohol and
substance abuse changed?• Were there regional differences?
Gitte Ahle 6
The § 69-study
• Forensic psychiatric evaluations from four regional centers, where the offender was assigned to § 69
• 2003 and 2008• Study design comparative, retrospective,
based on file-data• All evaluations scrutinized by
experienced forensic psychiatrists and selected data registered
• Covering app. 80% of the total § 69-cases in DK performed in 2003 and 2008
Gitte Ahle 7
Selected data
• Age• Gender• Ethnicity• Diagnosis• Offense• Substance abuse• Suggestion to legal outcome• Occationally review from the Psychiatric
Section of the Danish Medico-Legal Council• Final legal outcome
Gitte Ahle 8
Results• 2003:
583 forensic psychiatric evaluations – of these 294 were § 69-cases - (50 %)
• 2008:720 forensic psychiatric evaluations – of these 366 were § 69-cases – (51 %)
In 76 (78 %) cases: • Agreement between the examiner,
the Medico-Legal Council and the court's conclusion
Gitte Ahle 22
Preliminary conclusions from the § 69-study
• The total number of forensic psychiatric evaluations given on section 69-cases is increasing (24 % over 5 years)
• The percentage of section 69-cases of the total number of forensic psychiatric evaluations seems unchanged
• There appears to be a trend towards more often recommending treatment sentence
• The majority (84%) of the section 69-offenders are males• Of the personality disorders presented the majority is dyssocial• Females are more likely to get treatment order than males• The pattern of alcohol- and substance abuse seems unchanged• 17 % of section 69-cases were born outside Denmark• 16% of section 69-cases were reviewed by the Danish Medico-
Legal Council• There is a difference between the regional centers in the number
of ADHD-diagnoses given• Less F6, more F9 (ADHD) in all centers from 2003 to 2008. Change
in diagnostic practice?
Thank you for your attention!!!Gitte Ahle 23
Corresponding author:
• Gitte Ahle, MD, Ministry of Justice, Clinic of forensic psychiatry - [email protected]