Foreign policy of india

Introduction

Basic Concept of Foreign Policy

Foreign policy refers to the sum total of principles, interests and objectives which a country promotes

while interacting with other countries. The thrust of foreign policy keeps on changing according to the

changing international conditions.

Flag Distribution

Green: Prosperity

The saffron color represents courage and sacrifice

White: truth, peace & purity

Ashok Chakra represents the Laws of Dharma

HistoryLong ago, India was ruled by Mogul emperors. Then the empire fell apart into smaller kingdoms, ruled by maharajas.

By the 1600’s, Europeans had come into India to trade for Indian spices, silks, cotton cloth, and tea.

In 1857, the British took control of India and ruled there until 1947.

India got independence on15 August 1947.One very important man, Mohandas Gandhi helped India gain independence.

Geography

28 states, 5 union territories. The Republic of India is a country in Asia. It is at the

center of South Asia. 3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area (It is the seventh largest country in the world by area)

7,516 kilometers – Coastline.   India has more than 1.12 billion(1,210,000,000) people, which is the second largest population in the world .

325 languages spoken.18 official languages

About India

India has formal diplomatic relations with most nations. It is the world's second most populous country, the world's most-populous democracy and one of the fastest growing major economies. With the world's eighth largest military expenditure, third largest armed force, and third largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity. May 18, 1974, in the Pokharan desert, India conducted its first atomic bomb test, cloaking it as a peaceful nuclear explosion. In doing so, India became the world's sixth nuclear power.

NeighborIndia has seven neighbors

 Pakistan in the north-west,

China and Nepal in the north,

 Bhutan and Bangladesh in the north-east,

 Myanmar in the east and Sri Lanka in the south. 

Relation with NeighborsBilateral relations between India and Afghanistan have been traditionally strong and friendly.

India was the first country to recognize Bangladesh as a separate

China: Since 2004, the economic rise of both China and India has also helped closer relations between the two and independent state.

Pakistan and India not a good neighbor because the issue of Kashmir.

India Economy

The economy of the country is among world's fastest growing. The economy of India is the 3rd largest in the world. India's economy is diverse. Major industries include automobiles, cement, chemicals, consumer electronics, food processing, machinery, mining, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, steel, transportation equipment, and textiles.

Form of government

Parliamentary form of Government.India is the largest democracy in the world. Its government is divided into three branches

Branches

Legislative Executive Judiciary

that makes the laws

the Cabinet Member that makes sure that the laws are obeyed

Constitution of IndiaThe Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It is

the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 98 amendments. Besides the English version, there is an official Hindi translation. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is widely regarded as the father of the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution of India is federal in nature. Each State and each Union territory of India have their own government.

The Constitution was adopted by the India Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950.  India celebrates the adoption of the constitution on 26 January each year as Republic Day.

Indian Political System

The current Minister of External Affairs is Salman Khurshid of the Indian National Congress party, 28 October2012

Pranab Kumar Mukherjee is the 13th and current President of India, in office since July 2012.

Manmohan Singh born is the 13th and current Prime Minister of India. the first Sikh to hold the office. 22 May 2004

Indian general election, 2014 The longest election in the country's history, from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to constitute the 16th Lok Sabha in India. Voting will take place in all 543 parliamentary constituencies of India to elect members of parliament in the Lok Sabha. The result of this election will be declared on 16 May 2014.

 According to the Election Commission of India, the electoral population in 2014 is 81.45 crore, the largest in the world. This also will be the longest and the most expensive general election in the history of the country with the Election Commission of India.

Brief history of India Foreign PolicyAfter India gained independence from the United Kingdom

in 1947, it soon joined the Commonwealth of Nations and strongly supported independence movements in other colonies, like the Indonesian National Revolution.

During the Cold War, India adopted a foreign policy of not aligning itself with any major power bloc. However, India developed close ties with the Soviet Union and received extensive military support from it. The end of the Cold War significantly affected India's foreign policy.  the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, India began to review its foreign policy in an unipolar world, and took steps to develop closer ties with the European Union and the United States.

Foreign policy of India

Most Indians agree that its first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had defined a unique foreign policy for India at the very dawn of its independence.. Since the 1990s, though, the challenge for the Indian leaders has been to reinterpret Nehru’s ideas to suit the new

political context that had confronted it

Basic Concepts Of Foreign Policy of India

1) Preservation of national interest

2) Achievement of world peace

3) Disarmament have been important objectives of India’s foreign policy.

4) Fostering cordial relations with other countries

5) Solving conflicts by peaceful means

6) Sovereignty and equality of all nations

7) Independence of thought and action as per the principles of Non-align Movement or NAM

9) Equality in conducting international relations

Main Principle of India Foreign Policy

(I) Non - Alignment it is integral part of India's foreign policy even after the end of cold war. The vitality of non-alignment can be realized from the fact that it has not only helped in securing friendship and cooperation, promoting world peace. India and NAM countries played a vital role in cold war politics by acting as a third force to reduce the tension.

(ii) Opposition to Colonialism and Imperialism:

India firmly stands in opposition to any form of colonialism and imperialism. It is with this line of thinking that India played a major role in liberating the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa from colonial shackles.

(iii) Supporting U.N. in Achieving World Peace:

India is one of the founding members of the UN (1945). She has played a major role in its instrumentality to achieve world peace. She has always advocated that resolution of international disputes be done under the purview of U.N. (iv) Fairness of Means:

Inspired by the ideas of Gandhi, India has always emphasized that their means should be used in the resolution in international disputes. She has advocated of peaceful and non-violent methods are opposes war, aggression and power policies. Panchsheel is an outgrowth of this line of thinking.

(v) Friendship with AH Countries:

Without being committed to military alliances, India has opted for cultivating friendly relations with other countries. For this purpose she has concluded treaties and bilateral agreements in the fields of politics, economy, culture of science and technology.

Policy Maker

1) Prime Minister’s office;

Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, promoted a strong personal role for the Prime Minister. Nehru served concurrently as Prime Minister and Minister of External Affairs; he made all major foreign policy decisions himself after consulting with his advisers and then entrusted the conduct of international affairs to senior members of the Indian Foreign Service. He was the main founding fathers of the Panchsheel or the five principles of peaceful co-existence.

2) Ministry of External Affairs

The Ministry of External Affairs is the Indian government's agency responsible for the foreign

relations of India. The Minister of External Affairs holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. Salman Khurshid is current Minister of

External Affairs

3) Indian Foreign Secretary

The Indian Foreign Secretary is the head of Indian Foreign Service (IFS) and therefore, serves as the head

of all Indian ambassadors and high commissioners. Sujatha Singh is the current Foreign

Secretary of India.

What is Panchsheel ?India’s desired peaceful and friendly relations with all

countries, particularly the big powers and the neighboring nations, while signing an agreement with China, on April 28, 1954, India advocated adherence to five guiding principles known as Panchsheel for the conduct of bilateral relations. It includes the following:

1) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.

2) Mutual non-aggression.

3) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.

4) Equality and mutual benefit.

5) Peaceful co-existence.

India Relations

Relation with organizations

India was one of the founding members of several international organizations, most notably the United Nations, the Asian Development Bank, G20 industrial nations and the founder of the Non-aligned movement. India has also played an important and influential role in other international organizations like East Asia Summit, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund (IMF), G8+5 and IBSA Dialogue Forum.

India Role in United Nations

India foreign policy has been firmly committed to the purposes and principles of the United Nations and has made significant contributions like participating in all peace-keeping operations.

India has taken part in 35 of UN peacekeeping operations in four continents. Its most significant contribution has been to peace and stability in Africa and Asia.

Presently India is ranked as the largest troop contributor to U N. India is currently seeking a permanent seat in the UN Security Council.

India Role in United NationsIndia has always believed that a world free of nuclear weapons would enhance global security.

India has contributed to UN significantly on disarmament in terms of ideas, resolutions, initiatives and bridging differences through action plans.

In 1948,India had proposed limiting the use of atomic energy to peaceful purposes and elimination of nuclear weapons from national arsenals.

Trade Relations With United State

The US is one of India's largest trading partners. In 2011, the US exported $21.50 billion worth of goods to India, and imported $36.15 billion worth of Indian goods. Major items imported from India include information technology services, textiles, machinery, gems and diamonds, chemicals, iron and steel products, coffee, tea, and other edible food products. Major American items imported by India include aircraft, fertilizers, computer hardware, scrap metal, and medical equipment.

Relation with United State

India is perceived by Americans as their 6th favorite nation in the world, with 75% of

Americans viewing India favorably in 2012, though this declined somewhat to 72% in

2014

RELATION WITH CHINA

INDIA’S RELATION WITH CHINA ARE NOT GOOD

BOUNDARY DISPUTESSINO INDIAN WARWATER SHARING DISPUTECLASH OVER ECONOMIC INTERESTSRELATION IN RECENT HAVE IMPROVED ASINDIA RECOGNIZED TIBET AS PART OF CHINA

RELATION WITH PAKISTAN

Being a part of india and sharing same traditions and culture with india the relations were still lukewarm

BORDER ISSUESWATER SHARINGINDIAN ADMINISTRATION ON KASHMIRFORCEFUL CONVERSATIONS OF HINDUS TO ISLAM

RELATION WITH RUSSIA

RELATION BETWEEN BOTH COUNTRIES WERE ALWAYS BASED ON TRUST AND MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING

HELPED INDIA WITH MILITARY SUPPORTTRADE CROSSED ABOUT $10 BILLION DOLLARS

HELPED INDIA IN DEVELOPMENT OF KOODAN KERLAM NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

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