Foreign Employment & Remittance

8/17/2019 Foreign Employment & Remittance

1/16

A Brief Report on

STATUS OF FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT AND

INFLOW OF REMITTANCE

Januar ! "#$%

&at'(an)u! Nepa*


2/16

A++re,iation

BoP : Balance of Payments

CBS : Central Bureau of Statistics

CDR : Central Development Region

DoFE : Department of Foreign Employment

EDR : Eastern Development Region

FWDR : Far Western Development Region

FY : Fiscal Year

GDP : Gross Domestic Product

td : imited!B" : !ega Ban# "epal imited

!oF : !inistry of Finance

!WDR : !id$Western Development Region

"R% : "epal Remitters %ssociation

"RB : "epal Rastra Ban#

&%E : &nited %ra' Emirates

&SD : &nited States Dollar

WDR : Western Development Region

PART I - INTRODUCTION AND MET.ODOLOGY


3/16

$/$/ Genera* Ba012roun)(ver t)e past decade* a surge in out migration for foreign employment to various countries )as

'een occurring in "epal+ Every year* a'out ,--*--- la'or forces are entering in to t)e international

la'or mar#et* t)e figures e.cluding t)e migration to /ndia+ 0)e migration to /ndia 1ould 'e 2ust a

roug) estimate as t)e 1or# permit is not re3uired and long open 'order+ Failure to provide ade3uateemployment opportunities 1it)in t)e country )as led to t)e increased out'ound trend of migrant

1or#ers for foreign employment+ %s a result* t)e gro1t) rate of 1or#er4s remittance )as continued to

s1ell in t)e recent years+

0)e ratio of remittance to GDP t)at stood 5,+6 percent in FY 5-75879 reac)ed 5 percent 'y FY

5-7987;+ 0)e inflo1 of 1or#ers< remittances increased 'y 79+= percent to Rs+ =76+5 'illion in t)e

FY 5-7;87, compared to 5,+- percent gro1t) of t)e previous year+ %n increase in 1or#ers4

remittances )elped t)e country to maintain t)e BoP >Balance of Payment? surplus of "PR 7;,+ ,

'illion and foreign e.c)ange reserves of "PR 6-5+ 'illion in FY 5-7;87,+ %ccording to t)e World

Ban# data* "epal stands t)ird among t)e countries in t)e 1orld in terms of s)are of remittance to

GDP+ "epal receives 1or#ers remittance 1ort) "PR 7+, 'illion every day+

$/"/ O+3e0ti,e4 of t'e Stu)0)e ma2or o'2ective of t)is report is to analy@e t)e trend of 1or#ers migration in t)e foreign

employment and t)e inflo1s of remittance in "epal+ Ao1ever* some of t)e specific o'2ectives are

listed 'elo1:

a+ 0o identify t)e ma2or destinations of foreign 1or#ers+'+ 0o analy@e t)e migration data 'ased on ma2or districts* ecological and administrative regions

and gender+c+ 0o study t)e trend of t)e remittance inflo1s 'ased on t)e volume and s)are of gross

domestic product >GDP? of "epal+d+ 0o e.amine t)e pattern of usage of remittance income 'y "epali )ouse)olds+

$/5/ Met'o)o*o20)e report is 'ased on t)e 3uantitative analysis of availa'le secondary data pu'lis)ed 'y t)e

Department of Foreign Employment >DoFE?* Foreign Employment Promotion Board* !inistry of

Finance >!oF?* World Ban#* Central Bureau of Statistics >CBS?* Economic Survey of "epal 5-7;

and "epal Rastra Ban#+ Similarly* t)e revie1s of t)e literature suc) as ne1spaper reports* 2ournals

and ot)er pro2ect documents of "G(s8/"G(s on t)e la'or migration and remittance inflo1s in

"epal )ave 'een made+ 0ime series data of la'or migration and remittance inflo1s )ave 'een

presented and analy@ed+ /n addition* t)e analysis of t)e migration trend* 'ased on gender* districts*

ecological 'elts and t)e administrative regions )as 'een presented+


4/16

PART II - ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION ANDREMITTANCE DATA

"/$/ La+or Mi2ration0)e figure presented 'elo1 illustrates t)e total num'ers of approval granted for t)e foreign

employment and t)e gro1t) in t)e num'ers of t)e employment from FY 5-- 8- to FY 5-7;87,+ 0)efigures do not include t)e la'or migrants to /ndia as t)e la'or approval or permit is not re3uired to

1or# in /ndia+ Similarly* t)e num'ers of t)e emigrant la'ors could 'e )ig) due to t)e unregistered

and undocumented emigration from "epal+

Total Number of Approvals for Foreign Employment and Annual Growth

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15-5.00

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

33.70

"#/%$

6/77

$8/"# $8/#6

-2.83

"$9!9%:

"97!#97

5:7!8$%567!%%:

7:#!657

:"8!6$7 :$"!668

C 'an2e Tota* Appro ,a* fo r Fore i2n E(p*o (ent

0)e approval for foreign employment gre1 'y 7,+6- on an average during t)e period of 6 years

reac)ing as )ig) as 99+6- gro1t) in approval in FY 5-- 87- and as lo1 as $5+ 9 in FY 5-7;87,+

0)e num'ers of approval granted in FY 5-- 8- 1as 57 * =, t)at reac)ed to ,56* 7; in FY

5-7987;+ Ao1ever* t)e total num'ers of approval declined 'y 5+ 9 and reac)ed ,75* 6 in FY

5-7;87,+ 0)e num'er of people going a'road for foreign employment )ad declined due to t)e

impact of t)e eart)3ua#e and t)e stri#e of t)e manpo1er agencies against t)e governmental

decision of free airfare and free visa for t)e 1or#ers+


5/16

0)e average data of approvals disaggregated 'y

gender s)o1s t)at ,+7- of t)e approvals are

made for t)e male la'ors 1)ile ;+ - of t)e

approvals are made for t)e female la'ors in

foreign employment+ 0)e s)are of female as t)e

foreign employment la'or is considera'ly lo1er

t)an t)e male+ Ao1ever* t)e num'ers of female

la'or migrants for t)e foreign employment are

rising+ /n terms of t)e total approvals* t)e female

approvals )ave increased 'y 9+ in FY 5-- 8-

to =+5 in FY 5-75879 'efore falling to ,+=

increase in FY 5-7987;+ /n terms of t)e num'ers

of approval* 'ot) t)e male and t)e female

migrants approved for foreign employment )ad

increased+ 0)e num'ers of female getting

approval in FY 5-- 8- 1as *, ; t)at surged to

5 *7,; in FY 5-7987;+ Similarly* t)e num'ers of

male receiving approvals for foreign employment

)ad increased from 577*967 in FY 5-- 8- to

; 5*65; in FY 5-7987;+

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14

8594 10056 10416 22958 27742 29154

211371

284038

344300 361707

423092

492724

Tota* Appro,a* + Gen)er! FY "##6;#6 < FY "#$5;

Female Male

Male; 95%

Female; 5%

A,era2e S'are + Gen)er! FY "##6;#9 < FY "#$5;$7

Share of Top Ten Districts in Total Approvals for Foreign Employment (in percentage

District!"ear #$$%!$& #$$&!'$ #$'$!'' #$''!'# #$'#!' #$' !') Average Share

D)anusa =+6 ,+9 ;+ ;+, ;+ ;+ ,

!a)ottari 9+6 77+5 ,+6 9+= 9+5 9+, ;+

)apa ,+ ;+6 ;+= ;+, ;+, ;+5 ;+=

!orang ;+9 ;+5 ;+9 ;+5 ;+5 ; ;+5Sira)a ;+= ;+5 ;+9 9+, 9+, ; 9+

"a1alparasi 9+7 5+ 9+9 9+9 9+7 9 9+7

Saptari 5+, 9+5 9+7 5+ 5+ 9+7 5+

Sunsari 5+6 5+= 5+6 5+ 5+ 9 5+

Sarla)i 5+7 5+9 5+; 5+5 5+= 9 5+,

Rupande)i 5+7 7+ 5+9 5+9 5+6 5+6 5+;

0)e ta'le a'ove represents t)e top ten districts of "epal in terms of num'er of foreign la'or migrants+ /n FY 5-7987;* people of D)anusa district migrated more in num'er as foreign la'or*

1)ic) constitutes ;+ of total la'or migrants+ !oreover* over t)e last si. years* D)anusa


6/16

contri'uted more num'ers of foreign la'ors+ 0)e data s)o1s t)at t)e ma2ority of t)e migration as

foreign la'or comes from Eastern Development Region and Central Development Region+

Sindhupalch !"; 9%

#hapa ; 9%

M $an ; 6%Ma"!anpu$; 5%

&a'$epalanch !"; 4%&a(hmandu; 4%

)u!a" (; 4%Sun*a$i; 4%+lam; 3%la"ha; 3%

Re(ainin2 Di4tri0t= :#>

A,er2ae S'are o f top +,6 ?* !orang >,+ 6 ?*

!a#1anpur >;+6= ?* avrepalanc)o1# >;+5 ?* at)mandu >;+76 ? are t)e ma2or districts of t)e

origin of t)e female la'ors+

M un(ain; 6%

-ill*; 44% .e$ai; 50%

A,era2e S'are of La+or Per(it4 + E0o*o2i0a* Re2ion4! "##6;#9


7/16

Top *abor Destination for Nepalese Foreign +or,ers

-ountries!"ear

#$$%!$&#$$&!'

$#$'$!'

'#$''!'# #$'#!' #$' !') #$')!'.

!alaysia 5 *95- 777*9==7-=*-5

=*565 7,6*575 5-=*67 5-5* 5

Saudi %ra'ia ;,*-;; , *,; =5*; = *79- =*75= 6,*-5= *5;=

atar ,;*695 5,*=75 9,* ;9 ;;* 9 ,* 96 7-9* ,- 75;*9=

&%E 5;*-,6 76*66 5;*-;6 9;*,-9 ,7*;7 ;5*,;5 ,9*=

u1ait ;7- 5*5 = 6* 7 *7=, 6* - * 6 *==

(t)ers ==*;-5 66*,-977 *57

6797*675 =5*9,- -*= 5;*-6

Total #'&/&0.#&)/$&

).)/1'

0%)/00. ).$/% ) .#1/%') .'#/%%1

!alaysia* atar* Saudi %ra'ia* u1ait*

&%E etc+* are some ma2or destinations for

t)e "epalese foreign employment

migrants+ 0)e total num'ers of approvals

)ave increased e.cept for t)e FY

5-7;87,+ %mong ot)ers* t)e approvals for

t)e employment in !alaysia )ave 'een

increasing till t)e end of FY 5-7;87,+

Ao1ever* t)e recent developments )ave

s)o1n t)e declining trend of "epalese

la'or in !alaysia+ Similarly* t)e num'ers

of approvals )ave increased for ot)er

countries as 1ell+

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

"$9!9%:

"97!#97

5:7!8$%567!%%:

7:#!657

:"8!6$7 :$"!668

Ma3or De4tination Countrie4 for Forei2n E(p*o (ent

Ma*a 4ia Sau)i Ara+ia ?atar

UAE &u@ait Ot'er4

Tota*

Mala *ia; 40%

Saudi $a ia; 19%

a(a$; 24%

; 10%

&u!ai(; 2% (he$*; 5%

S'are of De4 tination Countrie4 in FY "#$7;$:/n FY 5-7;87,* t)e 1or# permits for !alaysia

)ad a s)are of 9 +, * 1)ile atar )ad a s)are

of 5;+5, + i#e1ise* out of t)e total approvals*

7 +7= approvals 1ere made for Saudi %ra'ia*

7-+;6 for &%E and 7+ for foreign

employment in u1ait+ /n ot)er )and* ;+= of

t)e approvals 1ere granted for t)e foreign

employment in ot)er countries+


8/16

0)e ta'le 'elo1 s)o1s t)e num'ers of deat) incidents occurred in during t)e foreign employment

from FY 5-- 8- to FY 5-7987;+ 0)e total num'ers of deat)s )ave 'een increasing from FY

5-- 8- + 0)e total num'ers of recorded deat) incidents in FY 5-- 8- 1as - t)at surged to ;5

deat)s during t)e FY 5-7987;+ 0)e num'ers s)o1 t)at t)e total num'ers of male deat)s over t)e

period 1ere 9*79 1)ile t)e num'ers of female deat) 1as 6 totaling to 9*565 deat)s in = year4s

period+ (n an average* t)e deat) incidents )ave increased 'y +

Total Numbers of Death 2ncidents from F" #$$%!$& to F" #$' !')

"ear 3ale Female Total

5-- 8- 6 9 -

5-- 87- 9 7 ;7

5-7-877 ,;7 ,;

5-77875 =95 7; =;=

5-75879 67= 77 656

5-7987; 7 5; ;5

Total /'& 1& /#1#

0)e num'ers of deat) incidents are )ig)er in

countries li#e !alaysia and Saudi %ra'ia as

t)e ma2ority of "epalese depart to t)ese

countries for foreign employment+ 0)e deat)

rates in t)ese t1o countries )ave e.tremely

increased over t)e years+ 0)e recorded deat)

incidents in !alaysia and Saudi %ra'ia 1ere

7, and 56 deat)s respectively in FY 5-- 8-

t)at increased to 5 5 and 577 deat)s

respectively in FY 5-7987;+ /n addition* t)e

deat) incidents in atar* &%E* u1ait* Sout)

orea* e'anon and ot)er countries )ave also

increased in years+

2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/140

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Countr @i4e Deat' In0i)ent4 ! "##6;#9 to "#$5;$7

Mala * ia S audi $a ia a(a$

&u!ai(

"/"/ Re(ittan0e4 %ccording to t)e government records* 7,-- "epalese on an average migrate to foreign countries*

mainly to t)e Gulf Countries and !alaysia for t)e foreign employment in t)e international la'or

mar#et and t)at figure is 'elieved to 'e an undercount as many more cross t)e open 'order 1it)

/ndia regularly+ Foreign employment )as 'ecome t)e ma2or source of income as t)e "epali migrant

1or#ers send 'ac# )ome remittances coming into t)e country 1)ic) e3uals almost 9- of t)e GDP+

"epal4s Economic Survey of 5-7; states t)at almost ,= of t)e "epalese )ouse)olds receive t)e

remittance income and )ouse)old 'udget survey of FY 5-7;87, conducted 'y "RB states t)at

76+=7 of t)e )ouse)old income is derived from remittance+


9/16

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

"5$/8 ":5/%

5:9/%757/%

:75/5%$8/"6

Re(ittan0e In o@4 in +i**ion R4/

"##6;#9"##9;$#"#$#;$$"#$$;$""#$";$5"#$5;$7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

$9/7 $6/:

"5/:":/8

"6 "9/$

S'are in GDP >

0)e remittance inflo1s )ave increased over t)e periods+ 0)e figure alongside s)o1s t)at t)e

remittance income in FY 5-- 87- 1as "PR 597+6 'illion t)at )ave clim'ed to "PR =76+5 'illion in

FY 5-7;87,+ 0)e remittance income e.perienced a )ealt)y gro1t) of 55+7; on an average during

t)e period of FY 5-- 87- to FY 5-7;87,+ /n ot)er )and* t)e s)are of remittance income in Gross

Domestic Product >GDP? )as increased over t)e periods+ /n FY 5-7987;* t)e s)are of remittances to

GDP 1as 5 +7 * 1)ic) remained at 7 +; in FY 5-- 8- and 7 +, in FY 5-- 87-+

%ccording to t)e "epal Remitters %ssociation

>"R%?* 6 + of t)e remittance income is

used for t)e consumption and entertainment

1)ile mere 5+; is utili@ed in t)e capitalformation+ Similarly* 6+7 is used for t)e

repayment of loans 'orro1ed to finance t)e

foreign employment 1)ile 9+, is spent on

t)e education of c)ildren+ Similarly* ;+, is

spent on purc)ase of )ouse)old properties+86/9

8/$ 5/: "/77/:

0.60.52.5

U4e of Re(ittan0e>

n* ump(i n epa men( : an*

duca(i n hild$en api(al F $ma(i n

u$cha*e u*eh ld and $ pe$( Sa'in *


10/16

6a(a$; 29%

Saudi $a ia; 27%

+ndia; 14%

; 11%S ; 5%

&u!ai(; 4%Mala *ia; 3%

&; 2%u*($alia; 2%

8(he$*; 4%

Wor*) Ban1D4 E4ti(ate of Re(ittan0e InAo@ to Nepa*! FY "#$5;$7

6a(a$; 39%

Saudi $a ia; 37%

; 15%&u!ai(; 5%

Mala *ia; 4%

Wor*) Ban1D4 E4ti(ate of Re(ittan0e InAo@4 fro( Gu*f Countrie4 an) Ma*a

0)e actual data on t)e remittance inflo1s in "epal from different countries )ave not 'een pu'lis)ed

or documented so far+ Ao1ever* it is crucial to #no1 t)e ma2or countries sending remittance to

"epal+ 0)e estimate of t)e remittance to "epal as receiving country in 5-7; made 'y t)e World

Ban# s)o1s t)at atar* Saudi %ra'ia* /ndia* &%E* &S%* u1ait* !alaysia etc+ are t)e ma2or

remittance sending countries+ Remittance estimates 1ere made using t)e migrant stoc#s* )ost

country incomes* and origin country incomes+ 0)e estimates are made in t)e millions of &SD+

Based on t)e same estimate* t)e s)are of remittance coming from atar and Saudi %ra'ia 1as

comparatively )ig)er+ Bot) of t)ese countries 1ere estimated to send 5 and 56 of t)e total

estimated remittance to 'e received 'y "epal+ Similarly* /ndia s)ares 7; * &%E s)ares 77 * u1ait

s)ares ; and !alaysia s)ares 9 of t)e total estimated remittance in 5-7;+ 0)oug) t)e ma.imum

num'ers of t)e "epalese migrants fly to !alaysia* t)e estimated incoming remittance is lo1er in

comparison to t)e ot)ers+

/n ot)er )and* if t)e remittance of t)e Gulf Countries and !alaysia only is considered* atar sends

9 * Saudi %ra'ia sends 96 * &%E sends 7; * u1ait sends , and !alaysia sends ; of t)e

total estimated remittance to 'e received from t)e Gulf and !alaysia+


11/16

PART III - CONCLUSIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS

5/$/ Con0*u4ion40)e lac# of manufacturing units and t)e slo1er gro1t) in t)e productive sectors )ave led to

increased migration of "epalese as t)e la'or migrant in t)e international la'or mar#et+ /n addition*

t)e lac# of commerciali@ation of agriculture* underdevelopment of t)e infrastructure and t)e limited

access to mar#et )ave repulsed t)e "epalese yout)s from agricultural sectors+ %s a result of 1)ic)

t)e "epalese yout)s consider t)e foreign employment as t)e easy solution to t)e pro'lem of

unemployment in "epal+ Despite t)e several efforts to create t)e employment 1it)in t)e country* t)e

current economic condition favors t)e more yout)s to 2oin t)e international la'or mar#et in t)e days

to come+ 0)e ma2or destinations of "epalese migrants are Gulf Countries and !alaysia+ During t)e

FY 5-7;87,* t)e total of ,75* 6 1or# permits 1as issued 1)ic) 1as less 'y 5+ 9 in comparison

to t)e corresponding period of t)e previous FY+ (ut of t)e total 1or# permit approvals* t)e average

s)ares s)o1 t)at t)e )ig)er num'ers of la'or migrants are from 0erai regions follo1ed 'y Ailly

regions+ 0)e increasing la'or migration contri'utes in )ig)er inflo1s of remittance 1)ic) no1 )overs

around 9- of t)e GDP of "epal+ 0)e remittance inflo1s )ave supported in poverty reduction in

large e.tent+ "epal received "PR =76+5 'illion remittance in FY 5-7;87, 1)ic) 1as 79+=5 gro1t)

in comparison to t)e corresponding period of t)e previous year+

0)oug) t)e remittance income is gro1ing* appro.imately - of t)e remittance received is used for

daily consumption 1)ile mere 5+; is used for capital formation+ Suc) tendencies mig)t result in

t)e Dutc) DiseaseH* in our conte.tI e.cessive reliance on t)e remittance income increases t)e

foreign e.c)ange reserves and 'alance of payments reducing t)e s)are of t)e manufacturing sector

in t)e economy+ i#e1ise* 1)en t)e population receiving t)e remittance increases* it leads to t)e

)ig)er demand in t)e consumer goods 1)ic) 1ill 'e )eavily financed t)roug) remittance+ 0)e trade

competitiveness 1ill fall and t)e trade deficit 1ill gro1+

5/"/ Re0o((en)ation40)e study suggests t)e gro1ing la'or migration trend and increased remittance inflo1s in t)e days

to come+ %s t)e remittance is t)e line of 'usiness of t)e Commercial Ban#s* t)e remittance is t)e

source of income for t)e Ban#+ 0)erefore* it is necessary to 1iden t)e remittance net1or# 'ased on

t)e ma2or origin districts of la'or migrants* t)e ma2or destination countries and t)e estimated s)are

of remittance received 'y "epal from different countries+ /t is suggested t)at t)e Ban# s)ould focus

in 0erai regions and t)e Central Development Regions and t)e Eastern Development Regions for

t)e e.pansion of t)e remittance net1or#s and partners+ 0)e Ban# s)ould focus on intensive

mar#eting for collecting t)e remittance money in t)e areas t)at stands t)e top ten origin districts of

la'or migrants+


12/16

ANNE

Wor1 Per(it Appro,a*4 Grante) for Ma*e an) Fe(a*e La+or Mi2rant4! FY

"##6;#9 to FY "#$5;$7

"ear 3ale Female Total

#$$%!$& 577*967 *, ; 57 * =,

#$$&!'$ 5 ;*-9 7-*-,= 5 ;*- ;

#$'$!'' 9;;*9-- 7-*;7= 9,;*67=

#$''!'# 9=7*6-6 55* , 9 ;*==,

#$'#!' ;59*- 5 56*6;5 ;,-* 9;

#$' !') ; 5*65; 5 *7,; ,57* 6

Total #/''1/# # '$%/$ #/##0/'.#

S'are of Fe(a*e La+or Mi2rant4 to t'e Tota* La+or Mi2rant4 an) Gro@t' of

Fe(a*e *a+or Mi2rant4! FY "##6;#9 to FY "#$5;$7

"ear Total *abor

3igrants

Total Female*abor

3igrants

4ate of 2ncrease in

Absolute Terms

5ercent of theTotal *abor

3igrants#$$%!$&

57 * =, *, ; 9+

#$$&!'$

5 ;*- ; 7-*-,= 76+-- 9+;

#$'$!''

9,;*67= 7-*;7= 9+=- 5+

#$''!'#

9 ;*==, 55* , 75-+;- =+-

#$'#!';,-* 9; 56*6;5 5-+ - =+5

#$' !') ,57* 6 5 *7,5 ,+7- ,+=

Total #/##0/'.# '$%/&'%


13/16

Numbers of Deaths of *abor 3igrants in Different -ountries/ F" #$$%!$& to F" #$' !')

-ountries #$$%!$& #$$&!'$ #$'$!'' #$''!'# #$'#!' #$' !') Total

!alaysia 7, 7-, 57 596 5,9 5 5 7*757

Saudi %ra'ia 56 75; 799 76 5-= 577 -atar 5= 77; 75, 79- 7,7 7 9 69

&%E 79 ,9 96 ,- ;6 =; 5=;

u1ait 9 7- 55 55 9 =

Ba)rain 5 , 75 7; 6 ;

Rep+ of orea 7 7 = = 7; 79 ;7

(man ; ; 7 = 6 7; 9=

e'anon 5 = ; 9 9 5 5-

/srael 7 9 9 6apan 5 5 5 =

%fg)anistan 5 7 7 ;

Sri an#a 7 7 5

Russia 5 5

Germany 7 7

!aldives 7 7

Papua "e17 7

Guinea&S% 7 7

i'ya 7 7

/taly 7 7

0otal - ;7 ,; =;= 656 ;5 9*565


14/16

.i4tori0a* Tren) of In o@4 of Re(ittan0e an) Annua* Gro@t'! $995 to "#$:

"ear 3igrant remittance inflows (2n million 6SDAnnual Growth

(77 9 ,,7 ; ,- $ +-7 , ,6 7;+--7 = ;; $55+ 77 6 ; 77+9=7 = 9 +67 9 55+-=5--- 777 99+695--7 7;6 95+;95--5 =6 9=7+555--9 667 79+655--; 59 =+6;5--, 7575 ;6+565--= 7;,9 7 +5--6 769; 7 +9;5-- 5656 ,6+565-- 5 , +;=5-7- 9;= 7=+575-77 ;576 57+,=5-75 ;6 9 79+==5-79 ,57- +6-5-7; ,;99 ;+55-7, =769 79+=5

Wor*) Ban1 E4ti(ate of Re(ittan0e to Nepa* fro( Sen)in2 Countrie4! "#$7

-ountries 2n million 6SD

atar 7*= 9Saudi %ra'ia 7*,/ndia 95&nited %ra' Emirates ===&nited States 5 5

u1ait 595!alaysia 7,,&nited ingdom 776

%ustralia 7Banglades) ,7

orea* Rep+ 9-Aong ong S%R* C)ina 9-0)ailand 7=Canada 75Germany 7-


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SpainDenmar# =Belgium ,"or1ay ,"et)erlands ,Finland ;C)ina ;

/taly ;France ;"e1 Jealand ;S1it@erland 9Kietnam 9Ba)rain 5

%ustria 5/reland 7Portugal 7B)utan 7

Brunei Darussalam 7C@ec) Repu'lic 7

World ./%1.

Sour0e4 of In0o(e an) it4 Co(po4ition of Nepa*i .ou4e'o*)! FY "#$7;$:

Sources Share (7Salary* Wages* %llo1ances and Pensions 9-+5=Business /ncome 5;+;9Remittance 76+=7

%griculture* ivestoc# and Fis)eries 6+75Rent and /mputed Rent 76+5,(t)er 9+99


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Foreign Employment & Remittance

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