Forced MIgration Review : Tsunami

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tpNrl ntspaPLMtdp 2005

Forced Migration Review: mfjpfs; kw;Wk; cs;sf

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Forced Migration Review “gyte;jg; Gyk;ngaHT kPs;Nehf;F” rQ;rpifahdJ>

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MrpupaHfs;Marion Couldrey & Dr Tim Morris ;

re;jhf;fs; cjTdHSharon Ellis

Forced Migration ReviewRefugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House,

21 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LA, UKEmail: [email protected]

Tel: +44 (0)1865 280700 • Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721

,izajsk; www.fmreview.org

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AUSTCARE

Concern

Brookings-Bern Project on

Internal Displacement

Christian Aid

Consortium of Humanitarian

Agencies, Sri Lanka

Department for International Development (UK)

UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)

World Vision Australia

World Vision Canada

World Vision USA

UNICEF

UNHCR Sri Lanka

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Sri Lanka

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FMR Rdhkp�

Rdhkp jhf;fpa 12 ehLf spy;> mz;zsthf 240>000

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kDty; fhHgy;Nyh> ,lk;ngaHT kw;Wk; Rfhjhuj;Jf;fhd rHtNjr epiyaj;jpd; ,af;FduhthH (11 Route du Nant d’Avril, CH – 121�, Geneva, Switzerland) gpwad; `Py; me;epiyaj;jpd; jfty; mjpfhhpahthH

kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]; [email protected] khiyjPT $l;lj;ijg;gw;wpa mwpf;ifia

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tho;fpd;wdH. ghuk;ghpa fiuNahuf;

fpuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehd;F my;yJ

Ie;J rpy rkaq;fspy; 14 fpNyh

kPw;wUf;fg;ghy; Gjpa tPLfis mikf;f

muR jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd

mwpf;iffs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. fli-

yNa [Pthjhukhff; nfhz;l kPdtf;

FLk;gq;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;jpy; ghhpa

jhf;fj;ij ,J nfhz;L tug;NghfpwJ.

,yq;ifapy; jw;fhypf kPsf;FbakHTg;

gpuNjrj;Jf;F tUif jUk; xUtUf;F>

Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jkf;Fj;

Njitahd epue;ju tPLfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s gy tUlq;fSf;Ff;

fhj;jpUf;fg; NghfpwhHfs; vd;w

czHitg; ngWtJ mt;tsT

fbdkhdjy;y.

kPsf; fl;Lk; Kaw;rpapy; ,e;jr;

r%fq;fSld; neUf;fkhfj; njhlH

gLtjpy; cs;s Njhy;tpahdJ

Nky jpfkhd tpuf;jpiaj; jUfpwJ.

Rdhkp ghjpj;j ehLfs; KOtJk;>

ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fspd; jPHkhdnkLj;jy;

cs;slq;fyhf> kPs;fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfs;

nghJthfNt> cr;rpapypUe;J mbkl;lk;

Nehf;fpa Kd;ndLg;Gf;fshfNt ,Ue;J

tUfpd;wd. ghjpg;Gw;w jdp kdpjHfs;>

FLk;gq;fs;> r%fq;fs; kpf tpiuthfg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;

$ba tPl;Lf;fhd jPHTfisf;

fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Kfhkhf xd;wpize;J

nraw;gl> ghjpg;Gw;w gpuhe;jpaq;fs;

KOtjpYKs;s> muRfs;> r%fq;fs;>

epWtdq;fs; tpNrl Kaw;rpfis

Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2001,y; Vw;gl;l

G+fk;gj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpapy;

kpfg; ghhpa epyj;jpUl;L];nfhl; ypAfp

RdhkpahdJ> NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdq;fspy;

xU chpikfs; - ika mZFKiwf;fhd Njitia

epidT+l;bAs;sJ. kpfr; rpf;fyhdJ my;yJ nryT$bahjd

xU gf;fj;jpy; J}f;fp tPRtijf;fhl;bYk;> tPlikg;G> epyk;>

nrhj;Jhpik vd;gd NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd jpl;lj;jpd;

,jaj;jpy; nrUfg;gLkhfpy;> mJ ntw;wp ngWk; vd;gjw;fhd

re;jHg;gq;fs; mjpfk;. ,e;j chpikfs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;glhkNyh

my;yJ tpyf;fg;gl;L xU xOq;fikg;G hPjpahf kPwg;gl;lhNyh>

chpikfs; khj;jpuk; J];gpuNahfk; nra;ag;gltpy;;iy khwhf kPs;

fl;LkhdKk; Njhy;tpailfpwJ.

kpfg; ghhpa epyj;jpUl;L FMR Rdhkp1�

F[uhj; khdpy muR nraw;gl;l tpjj;ij

muRfSk; ntspehl;L epWtdq;fSk;

khjphpahff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

cs;SH r%fq;fisAk; cs;SH

epWtdq;fisAk; kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gb

Kiwia Kd;ndLf;f mDkjpj;jijAk;>

khdpy muNrh my;yJ jdpahH

JiwNah kPs;tPlikg;G Kaw;rpia

nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;jhy; ele;jpUf;ff;$ba

Ntfj;ijf; fhl;bYk; Nkw;Fwpj;jtHfspd;

Kaw;rpahy; vt;tsT tpiuthf kPs

tPl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;g KbANkh mt;tsT

tpiuthf ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jpUg;gpaijAk;

ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

chpikfs; ika kPs;fl;Lkhdk;

,e;j ,aw;ifg; NgudHj;jj;jpy;

cl;gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s khD

lg; ngUe;JauhdJ> capH

gpioj;NjhH jkJ ,y;yq;fisAk;

[PtNdhghaj;ijAk; r%fq;fisAk;

kPsf;fl;bnaOg;g KidAk; Ntis>

mtHfsJ kdpj chpikfis kPWt

jd; %yk; mjpfhpf;fg;glf;$lhJ.

vr;vy;gP chpikfs;> NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg;

gpd;dhd xOq;fikg;gpy; kpfg; gpu-

jhd khd fhuzpahFk;. mj;Jld;

vjpHfhy kPl;rp Kaw;rpfspd; KOikahd

mq;fkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. epthuz

kPs; fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfspy;> vr;vy;gP

chpikfs;rhH Ntiyj;jpl;lkhdJ>

Rdhkpf;fhd gjpypWg;gpd;kl;by;

vjpHfhy NgudHj;jq;fspy; $l

mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk; fbdkhd

nfhs;iffspy; gytw;iw jtpHg;gjw;F

vNjh xUtifapy; ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;.

1. Rakhf kPs; jpUg;GjYf;fhd

chpik: NgudHj;jq;fspd; vy;yh

capH gpioj;NjhUk; jhk; Kd;dH

trpj;j fhzpfSf;F vt;tpj

ghugl;rKk; ,d;wp Rakhfj;

jd;dhHtj;Jld; jpUk;gptUtjw;fhd

chpikia nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtHfsJ

tPLfs; thoNth jpUj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;L

gpd; gad;gLj;jNth

$badntd;why; ,e;j tPLfisj;

jpUj;jTk;> kPsg;ngwTk;> kPsTk;

cupiknfhz;lhlTk;> kPsTk;

thoTkhd chpik kjpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. kPs; jpUk;Gjypy;

VjhtJ epahag;gLj;jg;gl Kbahj

fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ug;gpd;> mit rHt-

Njr rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> rl;lj;Jf;Fg;

Gwk;ghdjhff; fhzg;gLk; fl;lha

ntspNaw;wj;Jf;F <lhFk;.

2. NghJkhd msT ,Ug;gpl

,y;yj;Jf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghd

kPs; jpUk;GjYf;Fkhd chpik:

midj;J mdu;j;jq;fisAk;

njhlu;e;J> midj;Jg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;> jdpegu;fSf;Fk; ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfSf;fikthf NghJkhdjhdJk; ,aYkhdJkhd tPlnlhd;W toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. kPs; jpUk;Gjy;> kPs;FbNaw;wk; kl;by; ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; r%fq;fSf;Fk; xg;ge;jg; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gl;L cupaKiwapy; mJ tPl;L> fhzpg;gjptpy; gjpag;gly; mtrpak;. kPs;epu;khzg; gbKiwapd; tpiothf ahUk; tPlw;wtu;fshf khwf;$lhJ.

3. gq;Nfw;G> fye;jhNyhrid> ghukl;rkpd;ikf;fhd cup ik: jpl;lkply;> kPs;tUif> Kfhikj;Jtk;> kPs; tPLfis Mf;Fjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mdHj;jdj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; KOikahd gq;Nfw;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F tpNrl Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jg; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSk; ve;j xU tPl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpYk; fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;glTk;> jkJ tpUg;Gf;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;jTk; r%f – ika mikg;Gf;fis cUthf;fp Cf;fg;gLj;jg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. tPL> kPs;epHkhdk; mjDld; njhlHGgl;l cs;sff; fl;Lkhdk; vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf Kd;dhs; FbapUg;ghsh;fs; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf Vio tjptplj;jhH khj;jpuk; gad;ngWtij cWjpg;gLj;j Kw;WKOjhd gq;Nfw;G> xopTkiwtw;w> tif $Wk; xOq;FKiwfs; cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. midj;J kPs; fl;Lkhd GdH tho;T Kaw;rpfSk;> xJf;fg;gl;l my;yJ Fwpg;ghf ,yF mghaepiyf;Fl;gl;ltHfsJ Njitfis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;.

4. jw;fhypf tPlikg;G Maj;jk;

nra;jypy; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd chpik: NgudHj;jj;ijj; njhlHe;J jw;fhypf tPlikg;G FbapUg;Gf;fisg; NghL tjpYk; elj;JtjpYk; rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; gpukhdq;fSf;F KOikahf ,zq;Ftjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kfhk; thrpnahUthpd; ciwAs;> ePH> czT> kUj;Jtg; guhkhpg;G> fy;tp vd;gtw;Wf;fhd chpikia epiwT nra;tjw;F Nkyjpfkhf> KfhkhdJ mjpy; trpf;Fk; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspDldhd

KOikahd fye;jhNyhrid> xj;Jiog;Gld; epHtfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtrufhy epiyrhH cjtpg; nghUl;fNsh trjpfNsh ahiuAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mlf;Ftjw;Fkhd rhjdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ. jw;fhypf Kfhk;fs; midj;jpDs;Sk; cly; csg;ghJfhg;G> csr;Rfhjhuk; Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; rpWtHfspd; ,j;jifa mk;rq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtJld;

ghuhkhpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;.

5. [Pthjhuk;> r%fg; ghJfhg;G>

jz;zPH> Rfhjhuk; fy;tp

vd;gdtw;Wf;fhd chpik: NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd cjtp Kaw;rpfs; ntWkNd mtrufhy cjtpiaAk; jw;fhypf Kfhk;fs; mikg;igAk; Nehf;fpajhf rkkw;w tifapy; jpirg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ. kPs; fl;Lkhdk;> GdHtho;Tf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd tsq;fs;> nghUj;jkhd tPLfisf; fl;lTk;> ,oe;j [PtNdhghaj;ij kPs capHg;gpf;fTk;> r%fg; ghJfhg;G> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp> r%f trjpfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd nghUl;fSf;Fk; nrytplg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

6. guk;giur; nrhj;Jf;fhd rk

chpik: ghugl;rkpf;fJk; ngz;fs; gps;isfSf;F rkkhd nrhj;J khw;wj;ij jLf;fty;yJkhd midj;Jg; guk;giur; nrhj;Jk; nrhj;Jhpikr; rl;lq;fSk; my;yJ eilKiwfSk; (Ki-wrhH my;yJ Kiwrhuh) JUtp Muhag;gl;L rkkhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. tpjitfSf;F rl;lG+Ht fhzp cWjpfs; toq;fg;gLtJld; jkJ nrhe;jg; ngaHfspy; khw;wg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. jpUkzkhd ngz;fs; jkJ fztH gps;isfSld; nrhj;J Mtzq;fspy; rkkhf

,dk;fhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

7. ngz;fs; chpikfs;: ngz;fs; nghJthfNt ghuk;ghpakhf capHgpioj;jiyAk; mtHf-sJ r%fj;jpd; eyd;fisAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; Kd;dpiyapy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; Nky; typAWj;jg;gl;l ngz;fSf;fhd chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Nkyjp-fkhf epthuzk;> kPs; epHkhdk;> GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfspy; ngz;fSf;F cjTtJk; gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd mtHf-sJ chpikfis kjpg;gJk;

,d;wpaikahjJ.

,e;J rKj;jpur; RdhkpahdJ> mLj;j ghhpa ,aw;if my;yJ kdp jH cUthf;Fk; mdHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gjpypWf;Fk; nghWg;igg; ngw;Ws;s> nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfSf;F Vuhskhd gbg;gpidfisj; je;Js;sJ. mLj;j ,d;DnkhU NgudHj;jk; Vw;gLk;NghJ kPl;rpg;gbKiwapy; ,d;W ehk; fhZk; muRfspd; rhJ}hpakhd Ruz;ly;fs; kPz;Lk; Vw;glhJ vd ek;gyhk;.

];nfhl; ypAfp> tPl;Lhpikfs; kw;Wk; rl;lg;gb ntspNaw;wj;Jf;fhd epiyaj;jpd; ,af;FdUk; (COHRE www.cohre.org) Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd; ,yq;ifapYk; khiyjPtpYk; tPlikg;G> fhzp> nrhj;Jhpikfs; rhHe;j gpur;ridfspy; gzpGhpe;jtUk; MthH. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected] MdJ> Rdhkp jhf;fpa ehLf-spy; kPs; epHkhz epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy; ,lk;ngWk; kdpj chpikfs; J];gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd fz;fhzpg;G mYtyfj;ij mz;ikapy; nfhOk;gpy; mikj;Js;sJ. njhlHGfSf;F : [email protected]

Scot

t Lec

kie

,yq;ifapy;>

tPLfs;

epkpu;e;J epd;w

,lq;fs;

Vida mtrufhy epiyikfSf;fhd epjpia

Rdhkp jpir jpUg;gptpl;lJ vd mNdf cjtpg; gzpahsh;fs; jkJ ftiyia ntspapl;Ls;sdh;. ,Nj khjphpahd gak; vg;Nghnjy;yhk; ghhpa mtru fhy-epiy vOfpd;wNjh mg;Nghnjy;yhk; vOe;Js;sJ. Mdhy; mit epahag;gLj; jg;gLfpd;wdth?

,f;fl;Liuia tiuAk; [{d; 03 ,y;> gpujhd I.eh. epWtdq;fspdJk; mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspdJk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;ba I.eh. tpd; mtru tpz;zg;gKk; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gq;fSk; 41% epjpia ngw;wd vd I.eh.tpd; epjpj; jpl;l Nrit1 mwptpj;J. ,e;J rKj;jpu epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; rkepiyg;ghq;fpypUe;J tpy-fpaNghJ> epjp toq;fy; mw;gkhf 25%f;F fPopwq;fpaJ. mNjNghy; fle;j tUlk; lhG+h; khdpyj;Jf;F cyf ftdk; jpUk;Gtjw;F Kd;dh;> mtru tpz;zg;gj;Jf;Fk; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gq;fSf;Fk; 23% f;F epjp cjtp mspf;fg;gl;ld. xNu ghh;itapy; Nehf;fpd;> nrd;w tUlj;ijtpl ,t;tUlk; epjpAjtp rpwpJ NtWgl;ljhf njd;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; N[h;kdp> [g;ghd;> Nehh;Nt> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w gpujhd epjp toq;Fk; ehLfs; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F epjp toq;Ftjpy; rpwpJ guthapy;iy vdyhk;. mNj Ntis xU tUlj;Jf;F Kd;du; ,Ue;jij tpl cah;thf ,Uf;fpd;wd. cz;ikapy; Vid gpur;ridfSf;F epjp toq;fy; xU ey;y nra;jpahf cs;sJ NghYs;sJ. my;yJ mt;thW njd;gLfpwNjh?

Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F epjpaspg;gij Rdhkp jpir jpUg;gtpy;iynad KbTf;F tUKd;dh;> 2004 Mz;Lld; xg;gpLk;NghJ ,t;tUlj;jpy; fpilf;ff;$ba kdpj Nea epjpapd; msit ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2005 ,y; ,d;Wtiu Vuhs-khd gzk;> cjtp epWtdq;fSf;F fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jjw;F Rdhkpf;F ed;wp. mNjNtis Rd-hkp epjpia ftdj;jpy; vLf;fhj NghjpYk;$l> 2004 ,y; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhapUe;j 697 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,t;tUlk; 847 kpy;ypad; lhyh; vd;gJ mjpfkhdNj. mjpfhpj;J tUk; ftdpg;ghuw;w gy;NtWgl;l mtrufhy epiyikfSf;F Mf 417 kpy;ypad; lhyh;fis khj;jpuk; tpl;Ltpl;L> ,t;tUlj;jpd; nkhj;jj;jpy; miuthrpg; gq;F #lhDf;FhpajhfpAs;sJ. fle;j tUl ,Nj fhyg; gFjpia tpl 2005 ,y; Kjy; 5 khj fhyg;gFjpapy;> kj;jpa Mgphpf;f FbauR> rhl;> nrr;dpah> vhpj;jphpah> fthdh> Nrhkhypah> Nkw;F Mgphpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfs; Fiwe;j gzj;ij ngw;Ws;sd. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; xU tUlj;Jf;F Kd; ,Ue;jijtpl kpf NkhrkhfNt ,d;Ws;sdu;. 2005f;fhd 21 tpz;zg;gq;fspy; ruhrhp epjp toq;fy; 25% khj;jpuNk ,Uf;f> nkhj;j tpz;zg;gq;fspy; 11> 20% f; Ff; Fiwthd epjpia ngw;wd. 1992 ,y; ,Ue;J> ,j;jifa tpz;zg;gq;fs; tUlj;ij G+h;j;jpnra;Ak;Ntis ruhrhp ahf 67% epjpia khj;jpuk; nfhz;bUf;f epjp toq;fy; Neuf;fzpg;G rhu;e;j

RdhkpAld; njhlh;Ggl;l kpf Nkhrkhd gpur;ridfSk; cs;sd.

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Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu miljy; FNshbah `l;];Ngj;

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1. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra

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1. www.womenscommission.org/projects/rh/misp%20index.shtml 2. www.sphereproject.org (Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nrit-

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3. www.womenscommission.org/pdf/id_misp_eng.pdf

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midj;Jr; nraw;ghLfisAk; xUq;fpizf;f Ieh Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

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mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd $l;lq;fs;> mjpfupj;JtUk; kdpjNea tpNrlj;Jtj;ij Nehf;fpa Nghf;fpidAk; jkJ ika nraw;ghl;L eltbf;iffspy; ftdk; Ftpf;f Kbahj ,ayhikia Ak; gpujpgypj;jd. Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd $l;l Neuk;> kPs; fl;Lkhdk;> tUtha; $l;ly; nraw;ghLfspd;; kl;by; iff;nfhs;sj;jf;f nfhs;iffs; mZFKiwfs; gw;wp tpthjpf;fNt nrytplg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis> NgudHj;jk; ,lk;ngw;W ,U khjq;fspd; gpd;dUk; Mr;Nrapy;> mbg;gil kyry$l Rfh jhu trjpfis ngWtjpy;> Vuhskhd NgudHj;jk; ghjpj;j kPs; FbNaw;wq;fs; kpFe;j Fiwghl;Lld; fhzg;gl;ld. kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fNkh kpjkpQ;rpa cld;ghbd;ikfSf;Fs; mfg;gl;L gpupe;J epd;wJld; ePz;l fhyj;Jf;F ftdj;jpy; vLf;fhky; Vuhskhd rpf;fy;kpF gpur;ridfis mg;gbNa tpl;Ltpl;lJ.

kpjkpQ;rpa mLf;Ffspy; my;yJ kl;lq;fspy; xUq;fpizg;Gf;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. xNu khjpupahd Ieh topelj;Jk; xUq;fpizg;Gf; FOf;fs;> jkf;Fs; njhlHghly;fisf;

nfhz;buhkNy [fhHj;jh> kPlhd;> gz;lh Mr;Nr> kpa+yNgh Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; xNutpjkhd gpur;ridfspd; kl;by; nray;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jd. ,jd; tpisthf gy;NtW tifahd topfhl;ly;fs;> gpukhzq;fs; vd;gd jdpj;jdpahf cUthf;fg;gl;ld. gy Ieh mikg;Gf;fs; xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; mKyhf;fy; ,uz;ilAk; nra;tjpy; <Lgl;ljd; tpisthf> mtHfs; mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy;> kdpjNeag; gzpr; r%fq;fspd; xUq;fpize;J gfpug;gLk; MHtk; mf;fiwfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;jhky;> ,e;NjhNdrpa murhq;fj;Jldhd $l;lq;fspy; jkJ Ra Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisr; Rl;Lk; tpilaq;fspNyNa ftdj;ij xd;W Ftpj;jdH. IehthdJ> epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;Jld; njhlHGgl;l jPHkhdq;fis mwptpf;Fk; Kfkhf kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fis tYt+l;Lk; tifapy; jfty;fis Nrfupf;fTk; toq;fTk; mjp-fhuk; nfhz;l xU kdpj Nea jfty; ikaj;ij1 cUthf;fpaJ. ,k; ikak; gy thuq;fSf;F gpd;dNu nray;gL epiyapy; tYg;ngw;wJld;> f];lkpf;f xU rpy thuq;fspy; gpuNahrdkhd Mjuit toq;fpd. ,Ue;Jk;> midj;J Nritg;ghLfisAk; g+Hj;jp nra;aj;jf;f tsq;fis NghJkhd msT nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. ,Nj epiyjhd; “kdpjNea thd; Nritfs;” kw;Wk;> “,ize;j Nritfs; kw;Wk; toq;fy; xOq;fikg;G ikak;” Nghd;wtw;wpYk; fhzg;gl;ld.

,uhZtj;jpd; ghj;jpuk;

kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;Gf;fhd ,uhZtj;jpd; gq;fspg;ghdJ> rptpy; xUq;fpizg;gpw;Ff; fPo; tuNtz;Lk; vd;w Njitg;ghl;bid xU rpwe;j kdpj Neag; gzp eilKiwahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;s ntspehLfs; toq;fpa ,uhZtj;jpdupd; ghupa nghUl;fs;> fUtpfs;> cgfuzq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; gad;ghl;il ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtNk xUq;fpizj;jnjd;gJ cz;ik. fzpg;gPl;L NtiyfSf;Fk; gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffis Muk;gpg;gjw;Fkhf ,j;jifa cgfuzq;fs; nghUl;fis vd; [P Xf;fs; gad;gLj;j Kbahjgb xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jdH. ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; Vida gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J gz;Nl Mr;Nr> kpa+yNgh Nghd;w ,lq;fSf;F nghUl;fis nfhz;L tUk; thd;tsp nfhs;jFjpwid vd; [P Xf;fs; nfhz;bUe;jd. mj;Jld; nry;y Kbahj fbdkhd Rkhj;jpuhtpd; Nkw;F fiuapy; cs;s r%fq;fis nrd;wiltjw;F fg;gy;fisAk; cyq;F thD}HjpfisAk; gad;gLj;JtJk; kpfTk; fLikahff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. rpf;fy; tha;e;j Kjy; ,U thuq;fspYk; vd; [P X gzpahsHfisf; fhl;bYk; gj;jpupf;ifahsHfs; cyq;F thD}Hjpfspy; gazk; nra;tJ ,yFthf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gpuNjrq;fspy; nraw;gl;l ,uhZtk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; gw;wpa juTfs;> jfty;fis xOq;F Kiwahf Nrfupf;ftpy;iy. Nrfupf;fg;gl;l rpwpa juTfs;$l vd;

[P Xf;fSf;F fpilf;f $bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. njhlHr;rpahd Kiwg;ghLfNs ,j;jifa #o;epiyapy; rpwpJ khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ. Mr;Nrapy; gpur;ridf;Fl;gl;Ls;s xU jug;ghUf; $lhfTk;> mtHfsJ fl;Lg;ghLfSf;F $lhfTk;> kdpj Neag; gzpr; nraw;ghLfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; #o;epiyAk;> mjD}lhf kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fj;jpd; gf;fr; rhHG mw;w eLepiyik jd;ikapd; kl;by; gykhd rpf;fy;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; mgha #o;epiyiaANk khw;w Kbahj xd;whf mq;F ,Ue;jJ. kdpj Neag; gzpr; nraw;ghl;lhsHfspdJk; ,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtj;jpdupdJk; ghj;jpug; gq;Nfw;Gf;fpilapyhd njspthd tpj;jpahrj; jd;ikfis cWjpg;gLj;j caHkl;lj;jpy; Vuhsk; nra;jpUf;f KbAk;.

ghupa rHtNjr mur rhHgw;w epW tdq;fSf; fpilapy; cs;sf xUq;fpizg;G

epWtdq;fSf;fpilg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; xj;jpize;J nray;gLk; juk;> fyg;Gj; jd;ik tha;e;jjhapUe;jJ. epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd ,l mikTk; fl;Lg;ghLk; Muk;gj;jpy; cfe;jjy;yhjjhf ,Ue;jJld; FWfpa fhyj;jd;ikiaAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ. gy epWtdq;fs; jhk; guhkupf;fr; rhj;jpag;gLk; vd;gjw;fg;ghy;> Muk;gj;jpy; Vuhskhd ,lq;fis jkJ fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhzHe;J njhlu;e;Jk; gpbj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;s Kad;wdH. Vida epWtdq;fs; ,jdhy; jhk; xJf;fg;gl;ljhf czHe;jdH. ,j;jifa KWfy; epiyia jLf;fTk; xj;jpirTj; jd;ikia mjpfupf;fTk; mNdf ghupa epWtdq;fspd; jiyikfs; KiwrhH thuf; $l;lq;fis elhj;j jPHkhdpj;jdH. ,t; xOq;fikg;G cldb Kd;Ndw;wfu epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wJ. xUKiw xU gpujhd nray;ghl;L ep-Wtdk; jhk; vd;d> vq;Nf> vg;gb nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w tpilaj;jpy; cld;ghL fz;Ltpl;lhy; Vida epWtdq;fs; jfty;fis mJ rhHghf gfpHtJld; nfhs;tdT Nritfs; xOq;fikg;G MjuitAk; toq;Ftjw;F Kd; tUtH.

Mr;Nrapy; nfahH epWtdg; gpujp epjpfs;> ,j;jifa Kiw rhuh xj;jpirTr; nray;ghLfs; NghJ khdjhf mikatpy;iy vd czHe;jJld; cj;jpNahf g+Ht ed;F tbtikf;fg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;Gf;fhd MNyhridi-aAk; Kd; nkhope;jdH. nfahUk; NehHNt[pad; nug;a+[pf; fTd;rpYk; KiwrhH vd; [P X xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;ig cUthf;Fk; Kfkhf> jd;dhHt epWtdq;fspd; rHtNjr fTd;rpiy2 ,yFgLj;j mioj;jdH. nfaH> NtHy;l; tp~d; ,d;lnerdy;> xf;];ghHk; [p.gp> fj;jypf; upypg; Nrtp]; Mfpad ,yq;ifapy;> ,e;jpahtpy;> ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy;> jha;yhe;jpy; vd Rdhkp ghjpj;j ehLfspy; cs;s fw;wy; nraw;ghLfis xd;W jpul;Lk; Kfkhf “nray;ghl;L kPsha;it” ,Uehs; nraykHtpD}lhfr; nra;jd.3

ngupa rHtNjr vd; [P Xf;fSk; rpwpadTk;

kdpjNea jfty; ikaj;jhy; ntspaplg;gl;l njhlHG tpguj;jpul;lhdJ

,e;NjhNdrpahtpy; kdpj Nea xUq;fpizg;G: xU vd; [P X ghHit

fhH];upd; t+y;];

xUq;fpizg;gpd; ngWkhdj;ij kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fk; mwpe;J itj;Js;s NghjpYk;$l> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Kjy; XH rpy khjq;fspy; ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd; fs mDgtk; gy mD$ykhd gbg;gpidfisj; jUfpd;wd.

FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah2�

203 gf;fq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ4 vd;gij itj;Jg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ Mr;Nrapy; kdpjNeag; gzpr; r%fj;jpd; msT kpfg; ghupanjd;gJ Gydh-Fk;. fpl;lj;jl;l 5>000 rHtNjr gz-pahsHfis gjpypWg;gpd; cr;rkhfg; gzpf;fkHj;jpAs;s gjpT nra;ag;gl;l rHtNjr vd; [P Xf;fSf;Fg; Gwk;Ng> gjpT nra;Ak; gbKiwia FWf;Ff; flitapy; fle;j Vuhs-khd rpwpa rHtNjr Kd;ndLg;Gf;fSk; cs;sd. ehl;bd; NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J te;jpwq;fpa Vuhskhd rpwpa ,e;NjhNdrpa jd;dhHtf; FOf;fSk; Kd;dNk cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;j 120 Mr;Nrdpa vd; [P Xf;fSk; ,tw;wpy; mlq;Fk;.

rHtNjr r%fj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;G> Fwpg;ghfj; njhiyJ}u ,lq;fspy; gzpGupe;j cs;SH epWtdq;fisg; ngupjhfr; nrd;wilatpy;iy. cs;SH nkhopapy; nkhop ngaHg;G toq;fg;glhkNy Mq;fpy nkhopapy; midj;Jf; $l;lq;fSk; ,lk; ngw;wd. mf;$l;lq;fspy; vd;d eilngWfpd;wd vd;gij mwpa Kbahj epiyapy; mf;$l;lq;fSf;F tUif jUk; cs;SH epWtdq;fs; ehsiltpy; mq;F nry;tij epWj;jpf; nfhz;ld. kdpjNea jfty; ikaj;jpd; gad;ghl;Lf;fhd I B gp ikaq;fs; gw;wpa juT njhFg;gpid jahupj;j nfahH Njrpa gzpahsHf-spd; mDgtj;jpd; $lhf Mq;fpyj;jpd; Nkyhz;ik epiy rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpwJ. cs;slf;fk; ,e;NjhNdrpa gfh]htpy; ,Ue;jjdhy; juTfis tifg;gLj;jpg; gad;gLj;j kdpjNea ikaj;Jf;F ,U thuk; vLj;jJ. Vida epWtdq;fs; Vw;nfdNt mwpe;J itj;Js;s jfty;fis cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu NeHKfk; fz;L jpul;Ltjw;F jkJ gzpahsHfis mDg;gp ,Ue;jjdhy; ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy; tsq;fs; tPzbf;fg;gl;ld.

,e;NjhNdrpah muR> gy [eh epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; xU rpy ghupa rHt-Njr epWtdq;fs; vd;gd> Vida rpW epWtdq;fSk; Kd;ndLg;Gf;fSk; jFjp Fiwe;jdthfTk; tsg;gw;whf;Fiwkpf; fdthfTk; njd;gl;ljdhy; mtHfsJ gpurd;dj;ij Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;jpd. kdpjNea jfty; ika njhlHGj; juTj; jpul;by; fhzg;gl;l kjkhw;wk; nra;Ak; rka mikg;Gf;fs; Nghd;w Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;l gy nraw;ghl;lhsHfis ,e;j NgudHj;jj;jpd; msTg; ngW khdk; ftHtjdhy; mNdf rpwpa epWtdq;fs;> ghupa epWtdq;fshy; vLj;jhs Kbahjdtw;iw eptHj;jpg;gjpy; xl;Lnkhj;j gjpypWg;Gf;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd tifapy; gq;fspg;G nra;jd. tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;likg;Gf;Fs;

mtHfs; cs;thq;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mtHf-sJ gq;fspg;G ,d;Dk; ngWkhdk; kpf;f Mjuthf mike;jpUf;Fk;. cs;SH kl;lj;jpy; nfahUk; Vida vd; [P Xf;fSk; rpwpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfSld; gzpepiy cld;ghLfis Vw;gLj;j Kad;wdH. ,ul;bg;ig jtpHg;gjpYk; Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;l epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l mZFKiwfis khw;wpr; rPuhf;FtjpYk;> mjpfhu mq;fPfhuk; mDkjpj;j ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; rpwg;ghf ,J nray;gl;lJ. Vida epWtdq;fis xUq;fpizf;f mjpfhu mq;fPfhuk; toq;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; cjhuzkhf nfhN]hNthtpy; fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,j;jifa rk;gtq;fs; epfo;e;Js;sd. Mr;Nrapy;$l ,e;j ntw;wpfukhd mZFKiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f KbAk;.

xUq;fpizg;Gg; gpur;ridfis mOj;jkhff; $wy;

xUq;fpizg;G Kf;fpakhdJ vd mNdfH Vw;Wf; nfhs;tH Mdhy; xUq;fpizg;G vd;why; vd;d vd;gjw;F tpj;jpahrkhd ghHitf; Nfhzq;fs; cs;sd. mjd; Mff; Fiwe;j tbtj;jpy;> ,ul;bg;Gr; nraw;ghl;il jtpHf;Fk; jd;dhHt eltbf;iffis mJ cs;slf;fyhk; my;yJ gjpypWg;Gf;fis cfe;jjhf;Fk; gue;j Kaw;rpahff;$l ,Uf;fyhk;. xUq;fpizf;Fk; mikg;ghdJ eLepiyikaw;wJ vdf; fUjg;gLk; ,lq;fspYk;> cjhuzkhf kd tpUg;Gf;fspd; $l;L my;yJ [eh thf ,Uj;jy; vd;w epiyapYk;> gf;fr;rhHgw;W nraw;gLk; xU vd; [P Xtpd; Njitg;ghl;bid ,j;jifa cfe;jjhf;Fk; Kaw;rp jilg;gLj;jyhk; vd;w #o;epiyapYk;> nfahH Nghd;w vd; [P XTf;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd gpur;ridfis> gjpypWg;Gf;fis cfe;jjhf;Fk; gue;j Kaw;rp Kd; itf;ff;$Lk;. eltbf;iffisAk; xUq;fpizg;igAk; nra;Ak; ,iz nghWg;ig> xUq;fpizg;G mikg;G nfhz;Ls;s Ntis> Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd gpur;ridfs; fhzg;glyhk;. ,j;jifa #o;epiyfspy; xd;W Ftpf;fg;gl;l ,yf;F ,d;ikAk; jdpg;gl;l <LghLfSk;$l fhzg;glyhk;.xUq;fpizg;Gf; fl;Lkhdq;fs; rpwg;ghditahfj; Njhd;wyhk;. Mdhy; eilKiwapy; xUq;fpizg;G mikg;ghdJ NghJkhd msTk; cupa KiwapYk; tskhf;fg;glTk;> gzpahsHfs; gzpf;fkHj;jg;glTk; ,y;iy vd;why; mf;fl;Lkhdq;fs; jl;Lj;jL khwyhk;. vq;F mj;jifa xUq;fpizj;jy; Gjpjhf te;jpwq;Ffpd;wNjh> my;yJ mDgtkw;wjhf cs;sNjh> vq;F jfty; gupkhw;wf; fl;likg;Gf;fs; g+uzkw;witNah mq;F gq;Nfw;Gf;Fk;

xj;Jiog;Gf;Fk; ,ire;J nray;gLj;jYf;Fkhd nghUj;jkhd #o;epiyia cUthf;FtJk; fbdkhFk;.

jpl;lj;ij Kd;dfHj;jy;

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jfty; Njitg;ghLfis tiuaiw nra;jy;.

gpukhzq;fisf; nfhz;l fzpg;gPl;L gbtq;fis njhlHghlYf;$lhf tpdpNahfpj;jy;.

NgudHj;jg; gjpypWg;gpy; Mff;Fiwe;jsT ];gpaH gpukhzq;fis cWjp nra;jy;.5

Njrpa> khfhz> cs;SH> JiwrhH gpupTfspd; kl;by; xUq;fpizg;G fl;Lkhdq;fSf;fpilapy; njspthd njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;.

njhopy; kw;Wk; ts xJf;fPL kl;by; $l;lhfj; jpl;lkplypy; cs;s Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; jpwikfis kjpj;jy;.

Njrpa muRfs; ,uhZtk; vd;gdtw;wpd; rpf;fy;kpF ghj;jpuq;fis ,dq;fhz;gJk; mtHfsJ flikfs; nghWg;Gf;fis njspthf;fYk;.

xj;jpire;J nraw;gly;> gpujpepjpj;Jtk;> gupe;Jiuthjply; Nghd;wdtw;Wf;fhf ,irthd xOq;fikg;Gf;fSldhd Kd;dNk cUthf;fg;gl;l rHtNjr vd; [P X xUq;fpizTf; fl;Lkhdq;fs;.

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,q;tpy;l; Nrhy;thq;> ,e;NjhNdrpa N[Rtpl; mfjpfs; Nritapd; ghpe;Jiu thjplYf;fhd KfhikahsH Mthu;. kpd;mQ;ry; : [email protected],izaj;jsk; : JRS ,e;NjhNdrpah : www.jrs.or.id

tYtw;w ghjpg;Gw;NwhH my;yJ gyKs;s capHgpioj;NjhH ,d;q;ity;l; Nrhy;thq;

Rkhj;uh Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; kpA+yNgh kPd; re;ijapy; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;du; tpahghuk; nkJthf toikf;Fj;jpUk;GfpaJ.

Pette

ri K

okko

nen/

Finn

Chu

rchA

id/A

CT

Inte

rnat

iona

l

FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah 29

UN

HC

R/J

Aus

tin

khrp 2002 ,y; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l Aj;j epWj;j cld;ghl;bDhlhf>

f\;lkhdnjdf; fUjg;gLk; rkhjhdj;Jf;F> ,yq;ifapd; tlfpof;F khepyq;fSf;F jkpo; <ok; vDk; jdp ehl;il cUthf;f KaYk; vy;.hP.hP.apd; ePz;lfhy Nghuhl;lk; XusT top tpl;Ls;;sJ. Rdhkp mopTj;jhf;fj;jpd; mg;gOf;fw;w gUkd; my;yJ msth-dJ mur gilfisAk; vy;.hP.hP.aP NghuhspfisAk; Aj;jj;Jf;F js;Sk; jPg;nghwpia Vw;gLj;j ty;y Kd;duq;f gjl;lj;ij tpyf;fpapUf;fyhk;. 20 ep-kpl ,ilntspapy; Vw;gl;l fpl;lj;jl;l 35>000f;Fkjpfkhd kuzq;fs; 20 tUl rptpy; Aj;jj;jpy; tpioe;j kuzq;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;F rkkhdjhf;fpAs;sJ. Rdhkp efuq;fisAk;> fpuhkq;fisAk;> r%fq;fisAk; ,y;yhky; nra;jJld; fpl;lj;jl;l xU kpy;ypad; Vio kf;fis ,y;ykw;w mdhij fshfTk; khw;wpAs;sJ. vt;tpj ,UfUj;JfSf;Fk; ,lkpy;yhj tif apy; Njrpa – Njrj;jpd; gpujpepjpfs; jhNk> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dH kPl;rpapd; gpujhd nrYj;JdH jhNk vd muR $Wk; mNjNtis> jkpo; Njrpaj;jpd; Vf gpujpepjp jhNk vd Gypfs; $Wfpd;wdH. Gypfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l fiu Nahug; gFjpfspy; thOk; kf;fs; mur fl;L;g;ghl;L gFjpfspy; thOk; kf;fSf;F Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gf;F rkkhd ghjpg;ig nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;w cz;ik> kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gbKiwapy; jk;ik rk-khd gq;FjhuHfshf elj;jNtz;Lk; vd;w Gypfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia tYthf;fp cs;sJ. Aj;j epWj;jk; rkhjhd Ngr;RthHj;ij vd;gtw;wpy; ,yFgLj;JdHfshf nray;gLk; NehHNt muR> kPs;fl;Lkhdq;fis Nkw;ghHit nra;tjw;fhf Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghJf;fl;likg;gpd; jd;ik> mjpfhuk;> njhopw;ghL> vd;gdtw;wpy; Gypfi-sAk; muirAk; xU ,zf;fg;ghl;Lf;F nfhz;Ltu vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; vt;tpj ,zf;fg;ghl;ilAk; ,Jtiu vl;ltpy;iy.

,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;> Rdhkpf;F gpd; cldbahf Nfhug;gl;l ghhpa rHt-Njr cjtpfs; te;jiltJ nkJthf cs;sJ. [dhjpgjp re;jphpf;fh FkhuzJq;f mtHfs; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l epjpapy; Ie;J rjNkDk; jpiwNrhpia te;jilatpy;iy vd gq;Fdp ,Wjpg; gFjpapy; mwptpj;jhH. ntspehl;L kw;Wk; epjp mikr;R mjpfhhpfs; fhNrhiy ahfTk; gzkhfTk; cWjp nkhopfis khw;Wk;gb rHtNjr r%fj; Jf;F Kiw aPL nra;Js;s Nghjp Yk; mNdf epjptoq;FdHfSf;F> nryT nra;jy; vd;gJ cj;jpNahf G+Htg; nghJf; fl;likg;ig Vw;gLj;j KaYk; muR Gypfspd; $l;LKaw;rp

vd;Nw Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. rHtNjr r%fk; ,yq;ifapd; Rdhkpf;Fg;gpd;dhd kPl;rpg; gbKiwia> rkhjhdg; Ngr;RthHj;ijia kPs Muk;gpg;gjDlDk; gbKiwia njhlUtJlDk; gpd;dpg; gpize;jnjhd;whfNt ghHf;fpwJ.

,uz;L jrhg;jq;fshf Aj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;L kPs;FbNaw;wk;> Ntw;wpl FbmkHTf;fhf fhj;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ngUksT cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiuf; nfhz;Ls;s tlfpof;F khfhzq;fspy;> mopTfspy; ngUk; gFjp ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. rkkhd vz;zpf;ifapy; jopoH> K];ypk;fs;> rpq;fstHfisf; nfhz;Ls;s fpof;F khfhzk; tpNrlj;Jtk; kpf;fJ. mjd; fyg;Gj; jd;ik nghUe;jpa ,dq;fspd; $l;likf;Fg; Gwk;Ng Gypfs; fpof;F kfhzj;ij jkJ ghuk;ghpa jkpoH jhafk; vd chpik NfhUfpd;wdH. ,yq;if murpd-hy; nry;yKbahj> tpLtpf;fg;glhj gpuNjrq;fs; vd miof;fg;gLk; Gypf-spd; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy; Rdhkp kpf Nkhrkhd mopTfis Vw;gLj;jp cs;sJ.

Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH> Aj;jj;jhy; rpd;dhgpd;dkhf;fg;gl;l ,e;j khfhzq;fis kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;g ,yq;if muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fk; rHtNjr r%fj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU xw;Wikia Vw;gLj;jty;y rpf;fyhd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;Jf;$lhf gy Kaw;rpfs; nra;ag;gl;ld. epWtd kag;gLj;jg;gl;l xU Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij tsHj;njLg;gjw;fhd murpdJk;> Gypfsp dJk; ,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf> ,k; Kaw;rpfs; vt;tpj ntw;wpfisAk; nfhz;Ltutpy;iy. Gypfs; rHt-Njr epjp cjtpahsHfsplkpUe;Jk; Nkiyehl;L muRfsplkpUe;Jk; Neub ahf rHtNjr epjpiag; ngw xU fl;likg;ig Kd;itj;jdH. ,e;efHit> jkJ kj;jpa murpd; mjpfhuj;ij flg;gjw;Fk; jdpehl;Lf; Nfhhpf;ifia epWtdkag;gLj;jTkhd xU je;jpuk; vd muR fUjpaJ.

Gypfspd; jiytH NtYg;gps;is gpughfud; ,we;Jtpl;lhH> flw;Gypfspd; gphpTfs; ghhpa Nrjj;Jf;Fl;gl;L tpl;ld vd;w tje;jpfshy;> muRf;F rhH-ghf> Kd;dH ,Ue;j ,uhZt kw;Wk; je;jpNuhghahPjpahd rkepiyia> Rdhkp jw;NghJ khw;wpaikj;J tpl;lnjd;w xU fUj;J Rdhkp Vw;gl;L rpy thuq;fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;jifa vjpHghHg;G muR kw;Wk; Gypfspil-Naahd xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd jpl;lj;jpid tbtikf;f cjtpaJ. ,yq;if gilap-dUk; GypfSk; tlfpof;F gpuNjrq;fspy; kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz gzpfspy;

xUtUf;nfhUtH cjTtjw;fhd jd;dhu;tj; jsj;ij Vw;gLj;jp> XH xd;wpize;j gilahf jd;dpaf;fkhf nray;;gLfpd;wd vd;w mwptpj;jy;> ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd Cf;fk;> tYitf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. fskl;l xj;Jiog;igAk; xd;wpizitAk; xU cj;jpNahfG+Ht Ntiyj;jpl;lkhf cUkhw;wp vLg;gJ ,U rhuhUf;Fk; xU rthyhfNt ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.

Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd gb Kiwia epHtfpg;gjw;F> mjpfhuk; xd;WFtpf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;nghd;iw cUthf;Ftjd;%yk;> muR> mur cs;Suhl;rp jpizf;fsq;fis myl;rpak; nra;Js;sJ. Rdhkp> ehl;bd; murpay; rl;lG+Ht mjpfhuj;Jld; njhlHGila gpugy;aq;fspd; mOj;jq;fshy;> jtpHf;fKbahjgb mjpfhu xd;WFtpj;jiy mbf;Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ. mj;Jld; ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSf;F cldb cjtpia toq;Ftjw;fhd gutyhf;fg;glh fl;likg;gpd; nfhs;jF jpwdw;w epiyikiaAk; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bAs;sJ. nfhOk;gpy; cs;s mjpfhu gPlk;> jdJ mjpfhuj;ijAk; chpiki-aAk; fiue;JNghfr; nra;jjd; tpisthf khfhzrigf;F chpa mjp-fhu gutyhf;fj;ij nfhLj;J tUfp wJ. mNjNtis khfhz rigfspd; tYT+l;ly;> gyg;glj;jYf;Fk; vjpuhf ntw;wpfukhf jilia Vw;gLj;jpAk; cs;sJ.

njhlu;e;J nfhs;ifapy; Vw;gl;l Njhy;tpahdJ K];ypk;fspd; Nfhgj;Jf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ. fpof;F khfhz K];ypk; r%fj;jpdH ghhpa mopTfSf;Fk; ,og;Gf;fSf;Fk; Mshf NeHe;Js;sJ. MapDk; mur cjtp kpfTk; FiwthdjhfNt cs;sJ. mur ae;jpuj;jpd; tpidj;jpwd; ,d;ik> kpfTk; Mskhf gpsTgl;Ls;s K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; gytPdk; ,uz;LNk fhuzkhAs;sd. K];ypk;fs; jk;kPjhd jpl;lkpl;l gugl;rkhfNt murpd; nray;glh epiyf;F tpahf;fpahdk; nfhLf;fj; njhlf;fp cs;sdu;. mur mikg;Gf;fs; nghJthf ghjpf;fg;gl;l jkpo; rNfhjuu;fSld; gzpGhpe;J tUtJk;> ,Ujug;GNk mur Gypfs; nghJf;fl;likg;Gf;fhd Ngr;RthHj;ijapy; K];ypk; murpay; jiytHfis cs;thq;fj; jtwpai-kAk; NrHe;J jhk; xJf;fg;gl;ljhf K];ypk;fis czur; nra;Js;sJ.

muR> Gypfs; ,uz;LNk> ikag;gLj;jg;gl;l mjpfhuika KbntLj;jiyAk; Nky; kl;lj;jpypUe;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kdpj Nea jiy aPLfisAk; neUf;fkhf gpd;gw;Wgit. ,j;jifa mur - ika mZFKiw ahdJ> kdpj Nea cjtpfspd; kl;by; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fs; ,aq;F epiyaw;W nksdkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;gtHfshf fUj Kw;gLfpwJ. muRk; mt;thNw GypfSk; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fis fye;jhNyhrpf;fhJ> Fwpg;gpl;l fiuNahu vy;iyf;Fs; tPLfis kPsf;fl;Ltjw;Fj; jiltpjpj;jJ ,jw;F xU rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. muR 100 kPw;wH fiuNahu jil vy;iyia

,d Kuz;ghL> ,yq;if muR

kw;Wk; Rdhkp [aNjt caq;nfhl

rHtNjr cjtpfis ngwTk; gad;gLj;jTkhd xUq;fpizg;G jpl;lk; xd;iw fz;Lgpbg;gjpy; muRk; jkpoPo tpLj iyg; GypfSk; fLikahf Nghuhbf; nfhs;Sk; Ntis> ,yq;ifapy; Rdhkpf;Fg;gpd;dhd tpilaq;fshtd> ehl;bd; murpay;kl;l rpf;fy;fisAk; gpur;ridfisAk; jPtpug;gLj;jp cs;sd. epjHrdkhd ,ul;il muRf; fl;likg;ig nfhz;l xU ehl;Lf;Fs;> xU Kuz;ghL – rkhjhdk; - czHjFjpwd; nfhz;l kPl;rpj;jpl;lk; xd;iw cUthf;FtJ rhj;jpakh?

FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if30

mwptpf;f GypfNsh gy gbfs; NkNynrd;W 300 kPw;wH fiuNahu jil vy;iyia mwptpj;Js;sdH. ,it ed;Nehf;Filajhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> vy;iy tyaj; jil nfhs;if vd;gJ> jkJ tho;tpaYf;fhd [PtNdhgha nghUl;fis> cgfuzq;fis Vw;fdNt ,se;Jtpl;l kf;fspilNa gaj;ijAk; Ngur;rj;ijAk; cUthf;fpAs;sJ. ,yq;if muNrh my;yJ jkpo; rKjhaj;jpd; gpuhe;jpa murpay; %yq;fNsh nfhs;if jpl;lkplypy; nghJkf;fis fye;jhNyhrpf;Fk; vz;zf;fUitNah> fl;likg;igNah> gbKiwiaNah nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ njspT.

rptpy; r%f gjpypWg;G mur jpwdpd;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd; wJ:

Gypfs;> jkJ kdpjNea nraypaf;fg; gphpthd jkpou; Gdu;tho;Tf; fofj;Jf;F cjTk; tz;zk; jkJ cWg;gpdHfis mzpjpul;Ltjd; %yk; jkJ ,uhZt El;gj;Jld; mtrufhy epiyf;F gjpypWj;Js;sdH. Mdhy; murpd; gjpypWg;Ngh kpfTk; tpidj;jpwdw;wJk; nkJthdJk; MFk;. mur epHthf ,ae;jpuk; mNdf khf nraypoe;jpUe;j Ntis> jdp gpui[fSk;> gpui[fs; FOf;fSk;> mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fSk;> mdHj;jk; Vw;gl;l xUrpy kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs;> capH jg;gpatHfSf;F czT> cil jq;Fkplk; mspg;gJ> kPl;Gg;gzpfis xOq;FgLj;JtJ> vr;rq;fis Jg;guT nra;tJ> capH jg;gpNahiu NjLtJ> ,we;jtHfis fz;Lgpbj;J ey;ylf;fk; nra;tJ ,g;gb Vuhskhd gzpf-spy; <Lgl;ldH. muR NeubahfTk; cldbahfTk; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; NjitfSf;F gjpypWj;jpUf;ff;$ba Nkw;F> njw;F khfhzq;fspy;> mur ,ae;jpuk; mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy; mbkl;l kf;fis mila Ie;J njhlf;fk; VO ehl;fis vLj;Js;sJ. cs;SH mjpfhhpfis NeHKfk; fz;lNghJ mtHfs; jhkhfNt Kd;te;J vt;tpj Kd;Kaw;rpfspYk; <Lgl kpfTk; jaf;fj;Jld; ,Ue;jij ntspg;gLj;jpdu;. murplkpUe;J fz;ldj;ijf; nfhz;Ltuty;y jtW fis jhk; ,ioj;JtpLNthNkh vd;w gaNk ,jw;F fhuzk; vd njhpj;jpUe;jdH.

rptpy; r%f KbntLj;jyhdJ mur Jiwapy; Fiwthf fhzg;gLk; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ikapd; gykhd

mk;rq;fis nfhz;bUe;jJ. mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fspNyh mur Jiw apd; rl;lG+Ht xOq;F tpjpfspd; neUf;Fthuq;fs; vJTkpd;wp gzpahsH-fisAk;> jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfisAk; xUrpy kzpj;jpahyq;fSf;Fs; NritapyPLgLj;j KbAk;. mtHfshy; jdpegH njhz;lH Kd;tUjiyAk; jdpahH cjtpfisAk;$l ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,j;jifa nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ik> murrhHgw;w epwtdq;fs; kPjhd murpd; tpkHrdj;Jf;Fk;> Coy;> xUq;fpizg;gpd;ik> jpl;lkplg;glhj NeHjd;ik nfhz;l ji-yapL Nghd;wtw;Wf;F murhHgw;w epwtdq;fspdJk; jdpegHfspdJk; nraw;ghLfs; ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wd vd thjpLk; Clfj;JiwapduJ gfpuq;f tpkHrdj;Jf;Fk; toprikj;jJ. mtHfs; rptpy; r%f epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; ehl;bd; Njrpa ghJfhg;ig mr;RWj;Jfpd;wd vdTk; Fw;wk; Rkj;jpdH. ,f; Fw;wr;rhl;lhdJ Gypfs; ,uhZt Aj;j jsghlq;fs;> cgfuzq;fis epthuzg; nghUl;fs; vd;w NghHitapy; nfhz;L nrd;WtpLtH vd;w re;Njrfj;jpNyNa vOe;jJ.

Rdhkpg; Nguoptpw;fhd gjpypWg;Gf;fSk; Njf;fepiyapy; cs;s rkhjhd Ngr;RthHj;ijapd; Kd;Ndw;wKk; neUf;fkhf xd;Wld; xd;W gpd;dpg; gpize;Js;sd. Rdhkp Nguoptpw;fhd tpidj;jpwd;kpf;fJk; Ngz;jFepiy nghUe;jpaJkhd gjpypWg;Gf;fs;> murpay; ,d gpoTfSf;;fg;ghy; ,zf;fg;ghl;il fl;b vOg;GtijAk; mt;thNw mjpfhug;gutyhf;fy; rk];;b Kiw Nghd;witw;iw eilKiw ajhHj;jj;Jf;F nfhz;L tUtijAk; Ntz;b epw;fpd;wd.

kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gbKiwap y; nghJkf;fspd; gq;Nfw;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jk; kWrPuikg;G ,y;yhky;> ‘Nky;kl;lj;jpypUe;J tUk; kPs; fl;Lkhdq;fSf;F’ gue;j mstpyhd vjpHg;G ,Uf;Fk;. ghjpg;Gw;Ws;s r%fq;fs;> Vw;fdNt epthuzg; nghUl;fs; tpilaj;jpy; mjpfhhpfSf;Fk;> rl;lG+HT mjpfhu gPlj;jpd; tpidj;jpwdpd;ikf;Fk; vjpuhf NghHf;nfhb cah;j;;jj; njhlq;fptpl;ldH. Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;gJ ntWkNd fl;llq;fis fl;LtJk;> tPjp mikg;gJk; nghU shjhu cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis Vw;gLj;JtJk; khj;jpuky;y. jPBnud iftplg;gl;L Mjutw;w epiyf;F

js;sg;gl;ljhf czUk; fpl;lj;jl;l xU kpy;ypad; kf;fspd; r%fq;fs;> r%f tho;T> [Pthjhuk; vd;gdtw;iw kPsf; fl;b vOg;GtJld; njhlHGgl;lJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; ,t;tpilaq;fspy; nray;gLepiy gq;Nfw;gtHfshf ,y;iynadpy; kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gbkiw Kw;WKOjhf [dehaf kuGf;F Kuzh-djhf ,Uf;Fk;.

muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fkpilapy; cs;s Kl;Lf;fl;ilia tpyf;Ftjw;F> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fkpilapy; “Aj;jKk; rkhjhd czHjF epiyAk;” vDk; jj;Jtj;jhy; topelj;jg;gLk; xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd xU jpl;ltiuig Kd;itj;Js;sdH. mtHfs;> Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk;> kPs; GdUj;jhuzj;ij Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPl;rp> kPs;GdUj;jhuzk; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ,izf;Fk; Njitia Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp Nfhbl;L fhl;bAs;sdH. ,U jug;gpdUf;Fk; ,ilapy; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;$lhd cj;jpNahfG+u;t nray;jpl;ltiuG ,jw;F mtrpakhAs;sJ. Vnddpy;> ,Ujug;ghUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,uhZtk; njhlHghd tpilaq;fis tiuaiw nra;tJk;> Kiwahd cld;ghlhd Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jk;> ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;gpd; jd;ik> tisT RopTfs;; midj;ijAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F NghJkhdjy;y vd;gij fhl;bAs;sJ.

rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> gpd;tUk; Nfhl;ghLfspd; mbg;gilapy; Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd GdHtho;T kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;gd mika Ntz;Lk; vd thjpLfpd;wd.

Rdhkpia ntWkNd ,aw;if mop-thf khj;jpuk; ghHf;fg;glf; $lhJ. epthuz> kPs; GdHepHkhz gzp fs;> ,d Kuz;ghl;ilAk; rkhjhd Ngr;RthHj;ij gbKiwiaAk; ftdj;jpnyLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jkpo;> rpq;fs> K];ypk; r%fj;jtHfs; midtUk; rk-khf elhj;jg;gLtJld; mtHfsJ gq;Nfw;G Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

caphpog;G> mopT vd;gdtw;iw Nehf;Fifapy;> tlfpof;F kh-fhzk; cjtp ngWtjpy; Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

muRk; rHtNjr r%fKk; Rdhkpf;Fgpd;dhd gbKi-wapy; Gypfspd; gq;fpid ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; tplhJ mtHf-Sldhd gq;FjhuH epiyia cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.

muRk; GypfSk;> murpay; gq;Fnfhs;sYf;fhdnjhU Gjpa gb-Kiwia Muk;gpf;f> Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd #oiy gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. kdpj Nea <lhl;lg;gq;F nfhs;sypy; Aj;j epWj;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;F rkhe;jukhd xU cj;jpNahf G+Ht cld;ghl;il vl;Ljy; ,d;wpaikahjJ.

[aNjt caq;nfhl: nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; murpay; tpQ;Qhd kw;Wk; nghJ nfhs;iffSf;fhd gPlj;jpd; jiytUk;> “nghypl;b” rQ;rpifapd; MrphpaUk;> ,yq;if r%f tpQ;Qhdpfs; xd;wpaj;jpy; jiytU khthh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected] (ePz;lnjhU fl;Liuapd; RUf;fNk ,f;fl;Liu) online at: www.fmreview.org/pdf/uyangoda.pdf

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FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if 31

Rdhkp mbj;J Kjy; ,U thuq;fspd; gpd;dH> kdpj Nea

mikg;Gf;fshd ,yq;if muR> jk-poPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;> cs;@H kw;Wk; rHtNjr mtrufhy gjpypWg;G mzpfs;> fpof;F khfhz efukhd kl;lf;fsg;gpd; nghJkf;fs; MfpNahH czT tpdpNahfj;jpYk;> jq;Fkplk;> kUj;Jt KjYjtp vd;gdtw;wpYk; ftdk; Ftpj;jd. gaq;fu mDgtq;fisAk; ghupa ,og;Gf;fisAk; re;jpj;jpUe;j tsHe;NjhH rpWtHfsJ kdtLf;fs;> ghjpg;Gf;fisf; ifahStjw;fhd Njit> cs;@H cseyg; gzpah-sHfis NeHKfk; fz;l rHtNjr gj;jpupifahsHfshy; cldbahf Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ..

kpfg; nghUj;jkhd csr; r%fj; jiyaPLfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gl;ld. csr; r%f Ntiyfspy; Kd; mDgtNkh my;yJ njhlHNgh nfhz;buhj cs;@H mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> ,yq;ifapy; NtW ghfq;fisr; rhHe;j ,j;JiwrhH MHtyH FOf;fs; vd;gd Rdhkpapy; capH jg;gpg; gpioj;NjhUf;F csey cjtp toq;Ftjpy; MHtkha; ,Ue;jdH. cs;@upy; Vw;nfdNt gzpahw;wpa XH rpy csey cjtpahsHfSf;Fg; Gwk;ghf> ,j;jifa NritahdJ> ehl;bd; Vida ghfq;fisr; NrHe;j FOf;fshNyh my;yJ XH rpy ehl;fs; gapw;rp ngw;w jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfshNyh toq;fg;gl;ld. FLk;gq;fisAk; tPLthry;fs; njhopy; JiwfisAk; ,oe;j kf;fSf;Fk; jw;fhypf Kfhk;fSf;Fs; Klf;fg;gl;Ls;stHfshfj; jk;ikg; ghHg;gtHfSf;Fk;> jkJ mDgtq;fisAk; czHTfisAk; csey cjtpahsHfsplNkh my;yJ ,j;Jiwapy; jpwd;fisf; Fiwthff; nfhz;ltHfsplNkh gfpHtnjd;gJ cs uPjpapy; gpuNahrdk; kpf;fnjhd;W vd;w fUj;J gutyhf vq;Fk; fhzg;gl;lJ..

,j;jifa ghHitahdJ> NgudHj;jk; epfo;e;j ,U thuj;jpNyNa> ,lk; ngaHe;j kf;fSld; Kfhk;fSf;Fs; csey cjtpahsHfspd; rpwpa mzpfs; gzpf;fkHj;jg;glf; fhuzkhapUe;jJ. mbf;fb ,lk; khWk; rdf; $l;lj;jhYk;> kpf Nkhrkhd Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk; epthuz cjtpfshYk;> kpjkpQ;rpa rd neUf;fb> ,lneUf;fb vd;gdtw;whYk; Kfhk;fspy; gzpf;fkHj;jg;gl;l FOf;fs;> jkJ fijfisr; nrhy;yp MWjy; ngw Ntz;Lnkdj; Jbj;j gjfspg;G nfhz;l ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahd kf;fSlNdNa ePz;l jkJ gzpNeuj;ij nrytpl Ntz;b ,Ug;gjhf vg;NghJk;

mwpf;ifapl;ldH. ,Ug;gpDk; ,g;gzp mkHTfs; jdpegHfSf;F Mokhd cjtpaspj;jYf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd re;jpg;Gf;fSldhd cjTjYf;Fk; tha;g;gpid toq;fpd. ,j;jifa mDtgq;fs; csey cjtpahsHf-spdJ tpuf;jp> NrhHT> fisg;G Nghd;w czHTfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr; nrd;wd.

Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH gy tUlq;fshff; fhzg;gl;lJk;> Aj;jr; #o;epiyf;Fs; ,k; khtl;lj;jpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJkhd csr;r%fj; jiyaPLfis mKy;gLj;jpa epWtdq;fSk; jd-pegHfSk; Nkw;Fwpj;j mZFKiwf;F Kw;WKOtJk; kWjiyahdN-jhH mZFKiwiag; gupe;Jiuj;J te;jdH. NgudHj;ijj; njhle;j fhyg;gFjpapy; toikahf ,lk;ngWk; cjtpaspf;Fk; mbg;gil tbtkhd ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fsJ r%f kw;Wk; nghUl; Njitf-isf; ftdj;jpy; vLg;gij ,e;jg; ghHitf; Nfhzk; Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jpaJ.

ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jhkhfNt jkJ mDgtq;fisAk; f];lq;fisAk; gw;wpa fUj;jhliy Muk;gpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> Mjuthd nrtpkLj;jy; kw;Wk; cldpUj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;tJ Cf;fkspf;fg;gl;lNghjpYk;$l> Muk;gj; jiyaPlhf ghjpg;Gw;NwhUf;F csey cjtp MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; vJTk; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,j;jifa ghHitahdJ> khtl;lj;jpy; Vw;nfdNt ngwg;gl;l gzprhH kl;byhd mDgtj;jhYk; Njrpa kw;Wk; rHtNjr topfhl;ly;fshYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,t; mZFKiwahdJ> cseyr; rpfpr;iraspf;Fk; nray;ghl;Lj; jd;ikia Fiwthff; nfhz;lnjd tpahf;fpahdk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. cjhuz-khf> iftplg;gl;l rpWtHfSld; gzpGu-pAk; epWtdq;fs;> ,j;jifa rpWtHfis Vida FLk;g cWg;gpdHfSlNdh my;yJ mr;rpWtHfSf;F ed;F gupl;rakhd guhkupg;ghsHfSlNdh kPs ,izf;fg;gLk; Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhs;tH. Kfhk;fSf;Fs; gz-pGupAk; rpy mikg;Gf;fs;> ngz;fs;> rpWtHfs; ghypay; J];gpuNahfj;Jf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLk; tpilaj;jpy;> Kfhk;fSf;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf epj;jpiu nra;tjw;Nfh my;yJ Fspg;gjw;Nfh nghUj;jkhd xU ,lj;ij cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ngz;fspd; gpur;ridfs; kl;by; gjpypWg;gH. Vi-datHfs; epthuzk;> el;l<L> tjptplk; ngWjy;> kw;Wk; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu

mjpfk; ftiy nfhs;sTk; epr;rakw;w jd;ikia cUthf;fTk; nra;aty;y gpur;ridfSld; njhlHGgl;l ngh-wpKiwrhh; jfty;fis njspthf vOj;J %yk; ntspg;gLj;j mur mjpfhupfSf;F mOj;jk; nfhLg;gH. rpWtHfs; kl;byhd mNdf ji-yaPLfs;> mtHfs; ghlrhiyf;F kPsTk; nry;yNth my;yJ ,yFgLj;jg;gLk; tpisahl;L nray;ghLfspy; gq;Fgw;wNth mtHfSf;F Nji-tahd nghUs;rhH cjtpfis cld; toq;Ftjd; Clhf mtHfsJ md;whl tho;tpw;fhd xU fl;likg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;ljhf tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

xUq;fpizg;gpw;fhd Njit

kl;lf;fsg;G kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;gpd; csr; r%fj;Jiw tpupthf;fk; ngw;W mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;y> epjp toq;FdHfs; cjtp epWtdq;fspd; jiyaPL(intervention) msit tp];jupf;f neUf;fb nfhLj;jdH. mj;Jld; ngUksT Gjpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk; fsj;jpy; Fjpj;jdH. gy;NtWgl;l mKyhf;fy; epWtdq;fSk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l xU kf;fs; $l;lj;Jld; Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd MHtj;ij ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy; xUtH xUtiu Ke;jpf; nfhs;s Kw;gl;ljdhy; Kuz;ghLfSk;> cld;ghbd;ikAk; ngUkstpy; cUthfpd. cjhuzkhf>

xU Fwpf;fg;gl;l Kfhkpy; Vw;nfdNt tpisahl;L Kw;w mZFKiw nfhz;l Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; xU epWtdk; ,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf ,d;DnkhU epWt-dk; mq;F mNj khjpupahd epfo;r;rpj;; jpl;lj;ij nra;a Kw;gLtijf; $wyhk;. cs;@H epiyik> nfhs;jFjpwd;> Njitg;ghLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisg; NghjpasT nfhz;buhj epiya-py; ntsp ehl;bypUe;Njh my;yJ nfhOk;gpypUe;Njh tpkhdk; %yk; tUk; gapw;WdHfSk; cjtpahfr; nraw;gLk; gzpahsHfSk; fhzg;gl;ldH.

kl;lf;fsg;gpy; xU xd;wpize;j csr;r%f Jiwia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpy;> cyf kl;lj;jpYk; ,yq;ifapYk; r%f Ntiyf;fhd gy;tifg;gl;l nfhs;if – Nfhl;ghL> eilKiwrhH mZFKiwfs; xU ghupa rthiy Kd;dpWj;JfpwJ. cs;@upYk; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpYk;> fsj;jpy; cs;s rr;ruTj; jd;ik nfhz;l fUj;jhly;fs;> xU xw;iw nray;jpl;lg; gpur;ridf;Fs;NsNa tpj;jpahrkhd ghHitf; Nfhzq;fisAk; mZFKiwfisAk; cs;thq;fp cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;Jf;Fs;> csr; r%fr; nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd; gue;j xd;wpizthdJ gpupe;J epw;gij mDkjpg;gijf; fhl;bYk;> tYt+l;lg;gl;l> ,j;jifa mZFKiwnahd;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;jy; mtrpakhdnjd;Nw gLfpwJ. jw;NghJ> csr; r%fr; nrayz-

Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr; r%f Ntiy gw;wpa gpujpgypg;G Mde;j fygjp

,yq;ifapy;> rHtNjr njhlHg+lfq;fspdJk; cjtp epWtdq;fspdJk; mf;fiw ntspg;ghl;bdhy; ngUk-stpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; kdpjNeag; gjpypWg;gpy;> csr; r%f NeH jiyaPL xU Kd;Dupik mk;rkhf khwpaJ. jiyaPLfs; kpf tpiuthf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; xUq;fpizT kpfTk; gytPdkhdjhf ,Ue;jJld; Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd Aj;jj;Jld;; njhlHGgl;l csr; r%f epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J fw;w ghlq;fspy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy.

,yq;ifiar; R+oTk; ,Ue;J fw;w fbd

ghlq;fs; cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if32

pf; FOthy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s vz;zf; fUthf;f Ntiyj;jpl;ltiuG gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.1 cs;@upYk; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpYk; toikahff; fhzg;gLfpd;w Nghf;Fg; Nghd;Nw> r%f mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Nrit toq;fy; rhHe;j kdey mZFKiwf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU “,U $whf;fiy” typAWj;Jtij jtpHg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. cs;@H tsg; gw;whf;Fiw cs;s xU #oypy;> mJTk; Fwpg;ghf kpfg;ghuJ}ukhd ,lH> neUf;fb epiyapy; cs;s jdpahl;fSf;fhd csey cjtpaspf;f Ntz;ba #oypy;> jw;NghJ fpilf;ff;$ba Nritfs; midj;ijAk; mzp jpul;b tYg;gLj;JtJ xU eilKiw ajhHj;jk; nghjpe;j mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.

jw;NghJ khtl;lj;Jf;Fs; fpilf;ff;$ba csr; r%f NeH jiyaPLfs; gw;wpa cjhuzq;fs; vd;gd jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfshy; tpgupf;fg;gLk; mDgt tpguzq;fs;> jdpj;jdpahf csey cjtp ngWNthupd; csey mkHTfs;> csg; gpzpf;Fl;gl;ltHfSf;fhd csr; rpfpr;ir> taJ KjpHe;jtHfSf;fhd Xa;T Neu fye;Jiuahly; FOf;fs;> Rdhkpg; gaq;fs; gw;wpa fye;Jiuahly;fs;> eilKiwr; rhj;jpak; nfhz;l jfty; cjt-pfs;> fhzhkw; NghNdhHfisf; nfhz;l FLk;gq;fSf;fhd FLk;gr; re;jpg;G Nghd;wtw;iw jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sd. mj;Jld;> gphpf;fg;gl;l rpWtHfisj; jw;fhypf jj;njLj;J guhkupf;Fk; xOq;Ffs;> rpWtHf-sJ njupTfSf;fika neUq;fpa cwtpdHfsplj;jpy; tply; vd;gdtw;Wld; Kfhk;fSf;F ,lk;ngaHe;Js;s gps;isfSf;fhd rPuhd tpisahl;L nraw;ghLfs;> td;Kiw> ghypay; ,k;irfspd; kl;byhd gaq;fisAk; mghaq;fisAk; ePf;Fk; tz;zk; kyry $lk; kw;Wk; FbePH vd;gdtw;wpd; miktplj;jpd; kl;by; gps;isfSlDk; ngz;fSlDk; fye;jhNyhrpj;J KbntLg;gij cWjp nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs; vd;gdTk; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MrpupaHfs;> Rfhjhug; gzpahsHfs;> r%f

ikag; gzpahsHfs;> jd;dhHtj; njhz;lHfs; Nghd;NwhHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfs;> mit xOq;fhf tbtikf;fg;glhkNyh my;yJ epiyj;;jF epiy nfhz;ljhf ,y;yhkNyh ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mit ngupa tpilakhfNt cs;sd. cjtpr; Nritfs;> gapw;rp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; ,uz;LNk juj;jpd; kl;bYk; tpisTj; jhf;fj;jpd; kl;bYk; NtWgl;ldthf cs;sd. ntspapypUe;J ce;jg;gl;L> Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ra rPuhf;fy; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l csr; r%f Nritfspd; tpdpNahfj;jpd; ajhHj;jij ghHj;jhy;> NtW khw;W topfs; VJkpy;yhjJ NghYs;sJ. MapDk; khtl;lj;Jf;Fs; Ntiyia Muk;gpg;gtHfSld; Mf;f g+Htkhfj; njhlHGgl;L ,aq;Ftjw;F ,J xU topahfNt cs;sJ.

Fzkhf;fYk; MNuhf;fpakhf ,Uj;jYf;Fkhd epGzj;Jt kw;Wk; ghuk;gupa mZFKiwfs; rpyN-tis xd;Wld; xd;W nghUe;jhj R+o;epiyahdJ> Kw;W KOjhd ngWkhdj;ijAk; Ntiyj;jpl;l tiuG-fisAk; nghUe;jr; nra;a ty;y mZF Kiwfis ,izg;gJ gw;wpa Neupa ftiyia Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd. epGzj;Jt NeH jiyaPl;bd; mtruj; jd;ikf;Fk; fpuhkpa my;yJ ghku ghHitf; Nfhzj;Jf;FkpilNaahd gjl;lk;> Rdhkpg; Nguoptpd; kl;by; epGzj;Jt NeH jiyaPl;Lf;F khj;jpuk; rhHghdjhf jw;NghJ jPHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

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Mde;j fygj>p “jiyaPL” vd;w rQ;rpifapd; MrpupaUk; ,yq;ifapd; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,aq;Fk; The Man-grove, csr; r%f cjtp kw;Wk; xUq;fpizg;gpw;fhd tiyaikg;gpd; MNyhrfUk; xUq;fpizg;ghsUkhthH. ,izaj;jsk;: www.themangrove.blogspot.comkpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected],f;fl;LiuahdJ> “Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr;r%f Ntiy: ,yq;ifapd; fpof;F kl;lf;fsg;gpy; Nritfs; toq;Fjypy; rthy;fs;”> Mde;j fyg;gjp> “jiyaPL”> ntspaPL 3> ,y 1> gf;fq;fs; 65–69> 2005 vd;gjd; gpupj;njLg;ghFk;. NeH ji-yaPL vd;gJ xU rQ;rpif vd;gJld;> cs MNuhf;fpak;> csr;r%f Ntiy> Aj;jk; ,lk;ngWk; ,lq;fspy; csey cjtpaspj;jy; Nghd;wdtw;wpd; mwptpid gutyhf;fk; nra;aTk; mHg;gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlHG: Guus van der Veer, Editor-in-chief, Interven-tion, Tulpenburg 31, 11�1 NK Amstelveen, The Netherlands. Fax: +31 20 ��� ���0 kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]

1. www.forcedmigration.org/psychosocial

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1. See After Action Review (involving World Vision Inter-national, CARE, OXFAM GB and Catholic Relief Services) at www.hmanitarianinfo.org/srilanka/infocentre/referance/docs/Care_Evaluation.pdf

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kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]

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1. www.unhcr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm2. www.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm3. See for example Human Rights Watch, ‘End caste bias in tsunami relief’, 1� January 200� http://hrw.org/English/docs/200�/01/1�/india10019.htm;Amnesty International, Indonesia-Human Rights are Paramount in the relief and reconstruction effort, 1� January 200� http:// news.amnesty.org/index/ENGASA21003200��. www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/skills/recomm/instr/un_9.htm

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ghugl;rk; ,d;wp cjtpfis ngWtjw;fhd

ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfsJ chpikfs; jkpo;ehL> me;jkhd;

epf;NfhghH jPTfspy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l epthuz kw;Wk;

GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfspy; kjpf;fg;gl;l msit fzpg;gpl;lJ.

,e;jpah>

,dpj;jfiu

flw;fiuapy;

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trpg;gplq;fs;

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FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah�2

jpwid nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. cjhuzkhf ngz;fSf;F rhwp fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; cs;shilfs; toq;fg;gltpy;;iy.

epthuzg; gzk; Mz; jiyik jhq;Fk; FLk;gj;Jf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,oe;j FLk;g cwg;gpdHfSf;fhd el;l<L Mz;fSf;Nf nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. mJTk; gpioahd topfspy; mit nrytspf;fg;ghlhjpUg;gij cWjpg;gLj;jhky; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

glg;gpbg;ghsHfs; Mjutpoe;j cjtp ,y;yhj ngz;fis glk; gpbf;f xUtu; xUtUld; mbgl;Lf;nfhz;ldu;.

Nrhw;iw gpujhd czthf nfhs;gtHfSf;F rg;ghj;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F tPL mikg;gijAk;> [PtNdhghaj;Jld; njhlHGl;l nghUl;fis toq;FtijAk;> Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH fiu Nahu xOq;F tpjpfis mKyhf;fk; nry;tjpy;,e;jpa muR nfhz;bUe;j Nguhty; jLj;jjpdhy;> NghJkhd msT epjptsj;Jld; ,Ue;j mNdf cs;SH kw;Wk; rHtNjr epWtdq;fs; me;epjpia gad;gLj;j KbahJ jpz;lhLfpd;wd. flw;fiuapy; ,Ue;J 200 kPw;wUf;fg;ghy;; kf;fis kPs; FbNaw;Wk; jPHkhdk; thjg;gpujpthjj;Jf;Fl;gl;lJ. fiu Nahu xOq;F tpjpfis mKy;gLj;Jjy; gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikapy; FiwghL cs;sJ. mNdfH fiu Nahu jilapd; rl;lG+Ht jd;ikgw;wp Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; mNjNtis fiuNahu gpuNjrq;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bid gy;Njrpa fk;gdpfs; ngwtjw;fhd fjTfis fl;lha kPs;FbNaw;wk; jpwe;J tpLNkh vd;Wk; gag;gLfpd;wdH.

mur jpizf;fsq;fSf;fpilNa xUq;fpizg;G midj;ijAk; cs;thq;fpa GdHtho;T nfhs;ifAk; ,y;yhky; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. cjtpngWtjw;fhd chpj;Jlik mj;jhl;rpia toq;FtJ ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; kPJ Rikahf tpOe;Js;sJ. murpay; fl;rpfSk; kf-spH mikg;Gf;fSk; Rdhkp epthuz nray;ghLfspy; ngz;fs;kPJ fhl;lg;gLk; ghugl;rk; Nghd;w gpur;ridfis fz;Lk; fhzhjJ Nghy; ,Uf;Fk; epiy epyTfpd;wJ. epthuzg;gzpfspy; K];ypk; mikg;Gf;fs; vLj;j gq;F ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fSf;F muR nrtpkLf;fpd;w mNjNtis mtHf-sJ MNyhridfis xU NghJk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy.

mur mjpfhhpfs; jkJ ngaiu njhlu;G+lfq;fspy; njhlHe;J jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Njitap-dhy; ce;jg;gLkhw;NghyTk;> vjpH-kiw tpkHrd epiyia mq;F jtpHg;gjw;F $ba ftdk; nrYj;JtJ NghyTk; njd;gLfpd;wJ. Vuhskhd murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; jkf;F rhjfkhd njhlu;G+lhf gpugy;aj;ij jk;kPJ Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;; MHtkha; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;Wk; cs;sJ. Ma;Tf; fl;Liufis Kd;itj;jtHfspy; xUtH Nguoptpdhy; %d;W tifahdtHfs; gyd; ngw;Ws;shHfs; vd Fwpg;gpl;lhH. KjyhtJ tifapdu; jq;ff cztf chpikahsHfs;> ,uz;lhk; tif apdu; thlif thfd fk;gdpfs;> %d;whk; tifapdu; NguopTr; RwWyh topfhl;bfshf nray;gl;L gzkPl;ba kdr;rhl;rpNa ,y;yhj rpy cs;SH murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;.

ahH cjtp mspg;ghHfs; ahH mspf;fkhl;lhHfs; vd muR ,d;Wk;

cWjpaha; jPu;khdpf;f Kw;gLfpwJ. rptpy; r%f epWtdq;fs; jkJ gq;Nfw;ig ,d;Dk; ePl;lyhk;. ,e;jp kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpdUk;> ,e;jpahtpy; thohj ,e;jpaHfSk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;;gbahd tsq;fis toq;fp cs;sdH. Mdhy; rptpy; r%fj;ij cd;dpg;ghf mtjhdpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; muR ,d;Dk; mt;thW nray;gltpy;iy.

me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghhpd; cjtp-fis tbtikg;gjpy; cgfz;l kdepiy.

me;jkhd; epf;NfhghH> ,e;jpa ngUFyj;jpypUe;J 1200 fp.kP. fpof;fhf tlf;fpypUe;J njw;fhf gue;J 700 fp.kP J}uj;jpw;F tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; xU jPTf;$l;lkhFk;. Rkhj;jpuhTf;F rkPgkhf> ,e;jpa mjpfhu gPlj;jhy; cl;gpuNtrk; fLikahf fl;Lg; gLj;jg;gLk; epf;NfhghH> Rdh kpahy; kpfTk; fLikahf ghjpg;Gw;Ws;sJld; 3000 Mjpthrpf; Fbfs; ,we;jpUf;ff;$Lk; vdTk; fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jPTfshFk;. ,j;jPTfs; cs;SH rdehaf Kiw> rl;lkpaw;Wk; fl;likg;G Nghd;wtw;wpy;; Fiwthf cs;sJld; ngUepyg; gug;gpduhy; jpzpf;fg;gLk; nghUj;jkw;w mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fl;gLk; epiyf;Fk; js;sg;gl;Ls;sd. El;gkhd fiuNahu Rw;whlYf;F Vw;gl;l ghjpg; Gf;fs;> cs;SH gpugy;aq;fshYk; ,e;jpa tpkhdg;gilahYk; fiu Nahuf; fl;llq;fspd; fl;Lkhdj;ij jilnra;Ak; xOq;Ftpjpfs; kPwg;gLtjpD}lhfTk; ,d;Dkjpfkhf Nkhrkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. murpay; mikg;Gf;fs; rptpy; r%fk; Mfpait mq;F ,y;yhjjhy;> mjpfhuj; jug;ghuJ epthuzj; Njitg;ghLfSf;fhd gjpypWg;Gf;fs; jtpHf;f Kbahjjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,wg;Gf;fisAk; Nrjq;fisAk; fzpg;gpl ,e;jpa muR I.ehitNah my;yJ rHtNjr cjtpfisNah miof;ftpy;iy. epthuz gzpfSf;F ntspehl;L epjp cjtpfisngw ,e;jpah kWj;Jtpl;lJ. Mdhy; cs;SH epHthfj;Jf;F epjpia mDg;Gtjw;F ,e;jpa murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fis C;ffg;gLj;jpaJ. Iehtpd; rpWtH epjpak; khj;jpuNk ,q;F gzpGhpa mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU ru;tNjr epWtdkhFk;. gpNsaH ,wq;F Jiw apy; ,wf;Fk;NghJ jdJ nghUl;fis ifg;gw;wpajhf rHtNjr nrQ;rpYit rq;fk; Kiwapl;lJ. ntspehl;L epUgH-fisAk; epthuz gzpahHfisAk; gpNsaH ,wq;FJiwf;Fs; khj;jpuNk nray;gl tiuaiw nra;jJld; jPTfSf;Fs; nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpia toq;f kWj;jJ.

cs;SH r%fq;fSldhd fye;jhNyhrid nra;jy; rptpy; epHthfj;Jld; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f ,izT vd;gd ,y;yhj epiy apy; epthuz GdHtho;T gzp-fis ,e;jpa ghJfhg;G gilNa Kd;ndLf;fpd;wJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;. cs;SH kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs;> Njit-fs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gly; vd;gJk;> mtHfsJ QhdKk; mDgtKk; kjpf;fg;gLjy; vd;gJk; [PtjhukhdJ. cjhuzkhf epf;NfhghH jPT kPdtHfs; Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpapy; ngUepyg;gug;gpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;L toq;fg;gl;l> jkf;Fg; nghUe;jhf kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fis Vw;f kWj;Js;shHfs;.

Nguoptpd; tpisthf jPTfspy; cs;s kPd;gpbr; rKjhak; ngUk; ghjpg;Gs;shdjhf njhpfpwJ. rJg;G epyf; fhLfs; ntl;l ntspahfpAs;sd. gtog;ghiwfSk; ghjpg;gile;Js;sd.

jPTfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; jw;NghJ 12% khfTs;s goq;Fb r%fq;fSf;Fk; ntspahUf;Fkpilapy; xU ghhpa ,dKuz;ghL Vw;gLk; mghaKk; cs;sJ.

fw;w ghlq;fs;

epthuzg;gzpfspd; kl;by; vjpUk; GjpUkhfTs;s muR> rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; Vida r%fq;fspd; ghj;jpuk; gw;wp kPsTk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba mtru Njitia Rdhkp Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;b cs;sJ. Ma;Tf; fl;Liufspd; Kd;itg;G muq;fj;jpypUe;J ntspg;gl;l gpujhdkhd nfhs;ifrhH ghpe;Jiufshtd.

epthuz epWtdq;fspilNa gykhd xUq;fpizTk;> Nguoptpd; jhf;fq;fs;> ghjpg;Gw;Nwhhpd; Njit-fs; gw;wpa jfty; ghpkhw;wKk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSf;fhd tpdpNahfj;ij ikakhff;nfhs;shky; mtHfsJ Njitfis ikakhff; nfhz;L ,af;fg;gLtjhf epthuzk; mikaNtz;Lk;.

Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l r%fq;fs; jkf;F vj;jifa ep-thuzk; nghUj;jkhdJ vd;gij jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. gQ;rhj;Jf;fs; NguopTfSf;F gjpypWg;gjpYk; Maj;jk; nra;tjpYk; nghpa ghj;jpuj;ij tfpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epthuz GdUj;jhud gzpfspd; rfy mk;rq;fspYk; ngz;fspd; FuYf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epthuz gzpfspy; rhjp> rka> ghy; epiy. nghUshjhu me;j];J epiy ghugl;rq;fs; cupaKiwapy; ifahsg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

me;jkhd; epf;NfhghH jPTf-spd; tpNrl Fzhjpraq;fs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dhd tsq;fis vt;thW gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH vd;gJ gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikia mur epWtdq;fs; ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

GdHtho;itj; jpl;lkpLgtHfs; mur epy nfhs;iffisAk; fpuhk nghUshjhu Kaw;rpfisAk; fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nghyh ghdH[p: FMR ,d; MrphpaH gpl MNyhrfH rig cWg;gpdUk; kfhepH-ghd; fy;fj;jh Ma;T FOtpd; Ma;T xUq;fpizg;ghsUkhtH www.mcrg.ac.in kpd; mQ;ry; [email protected]

rg;ahrhr;rp ghR uha; irsj;hp : MCRG ,d; cWg;gpdUk;> nfhy;nfhj;jh utpe;jpu ghujp gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; murpay; tpQ;Qhd gPlj;jpd; Mrphp aUkhthH. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]

Kd;itg;G muq;fj;jpd; KO mwpf;ifAk; gpd;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; cs;sd: www.mcrg.ac.in/tsunami.htm

1.Kd;itg;G muq;f Ngr;rhusHfs;: fhaj;hp Y}apy;

(gPg;gps; NthHr; - jkpo;ehL) gpk;yh re;jpuNrfH (vf;jh

Nrh]; nrd; Nah-ypkd;- jkpo;ehL) K.M. ghpNtyd; (jkpo;ehL> nrd;id UNHCR mYtyfj;jpy; gzpGh-

pAk; kdpj Nea MHtyH) guj; Ffh (Child in

Need Institute, Kolkata www.cini-

india.org); rkpu; Mr;rhu;ah (Society for

Andaman and Nicobar Ecology www.

andaman.org/book/Sane/sanetext.htm)

Rigu; ngst;kpf; (CRG member, and BBC

employee).

,e;jpa fUj;juq;F Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T nra;fpwJFMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah �3

,e;jpa khepyq;fspy; xd;whd jkpo;ehl;by;> gytPdkhd mNjNtis ,yFthf

mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiyapYs;s mNdf kf;fs; Rdhkpf;Fj; jkJ tPLfisAk;>

[PtNdhghaj;ijAk; ghlrhiy nry;tjw;fhd trjpfisAk; ,oe;jdH. Vw;fdNt

Xuk;fl;lg;gl;Ls;s ,j;jifa jug;gpdUf;Fhpa cjtpfs; mtHfsJ Fwpj;j

Njitfspd; kl;by; czHjF epiy nghUe;jpajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

jkpo;ehl;by; gytPdkhd> FOf;fSf;fhd xU Fuy; nkf]; khHl;bd;

FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah��

khhpak;khs; trpj;j rpwpa fpukj;ij Rdhkp jhf;fpa NghJ jdJ

fl;Lkuj;ijAk; tiyfisAk; ,oe;jhs;. ,Ush Fyf; Fbfisf; nfhz;l mts; fpuhkk;> tq;fhs tphpFlhTf;Fk;> 60 fp.kP tlf;fhf nrd;id jiyef hpy; mike;Js;s Gspfl; thtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s xU rpwpa epyg;gug;gpy; mike;Js;sJ. Mjpthrp> my;yJ jypj; my;yJ jPz;lj;jfhNjhH vd miof;fg;gl;l ,e;j r%fq;fspy; ,Ue;J xUtH $l flYf;fUfhikapy; neUq;;f tplhky;> ,tu;fsJ Fyf;Fbfisr; Nruhj kPdtHfs; ghuk;ghpakhf ghJfhg;ghff; $bf; nfhz;L jLj;jdH. ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F Kd; rpy ,Ush Fyj;jtH ,e;jj; jilf;F rthy; tpl;L flYf;F kPd;gpbf;f nrd;wNtis Vw;gl;l NkhjyhdJ ,U capHfisf; fhTnfhz;lJ. “vkJ Ml;fs; jhk; flypy; kPd;gpbf;f khl;Nlhk; vd khtl;l mYtyfHfS;fF cWjpnkhop nfhLf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ” vd khpak;khs; $wp-dhH.

ngz;fs; ,q;F ghuk;ghpakhff; fliy mz;ba ePNuhpapy; ,uhy;> thtp ez;L> rpW kPd;;fs;> kl;b kw;Wk; $dp Nghd;wtw;iw gpbg;gJ tof;fk;. khhpak;khspd; fpuhkj;jpy;> 40 fl;Lkuq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mtw;wpy; 28 ngz;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit. mNd-fkhf midj;Jf; fl;Lkuq;fSk; Rdhkp apy; mope;J rpije;J Nghapd.

khhpak;khs; ,g;NghJ cs;SH jpUr;rignahd;wpy; jUk Nritapd;%yk; tho;e;jhYk; mts; XH cs;SH mur rhHgw;w epWtdnkhd;wpy; rpW Nrkpg;Gf; fld; jpl;l FOnthd;wpy; nrayhsuhf cs;sJld; jdJ fpuhkj;jpd; [PtNdhghaj;ij kPs Tk; cap&l;b cjtj;jf;f ,Nj khjphpahd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;LnkdTk; tpUk;Gfpwhs;. mj;Jld; mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida mikg;Gf;fs; toq;Fk; cjtpfs; ngz;fspd; Njitfis jPHf;fty;yJ vd;Wk; mts; ek;Gfpd;whs;. toi-kahfNt kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fSk; tiyfSk; Mz;fSf;F khj;jpuNk toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. fliy mz;ba ePNuhpiaf; fle;J murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kPdt r%fq;fSf;F cjTk; Kfkhfr; nry;fpd;wdH. Mdhy; mtHfs; ,e;jg; goq;Fb kf;fspd; FbapUg;Gf;fisNah my;yJ mUfpy; cs;s jypj; r%fj;ijNah flg;gjpy;iy.

jkpo;ehl;bd; fiuNahuk; neLfpYk; cs;s fly; tsj;ij rpy rhjpr; r%fq;fspd; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; gad;gLj;Jjy; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jypj;Jf;fspdJk; goq;Fb kf;fsJk; ghj;jpukhdJ kPd;gpbr; r%fq;fspd; kl;by; cjTtJ khj;jpuNk. mtHfsJ kPd;gpb cgfuzq;isj; Jg;guT nra;J guhkhpj;jy;> kPd;fis Vw;Wjy;> nfhz;L nry;Yjy;> tpw;wy;> kPd;gpb thb fl;Ljy; kw;Wk; mtw;iw Rj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;w NtiyfisNa nra;fpd;wdH. mtHf-

sJ [PtNdhghaj;ij capHgpf;Fk; murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fspd; cjtpfs;$l ,d;Wk; mtHfSf;F ghuk;ghpakhf xJf;fg;gl;l ,opthd ghj;jpuq;fshNyNa jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kPd;gpbapy; <Lgl;Ls;s khhpak;khs; Nghd;w ngz;fs;> ngz;fsha; ,Ug;gjdhYk; xJf;fpitf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU r%fj;ijr; NrHe;jth;fs; vd;gjdhYk; ,ul;ilg; ghugl;rj;Jf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.

tPjpfspy; trpj;jy;

nrd;idapd; ,aw;ifkpF khpdh flw;fiuf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; tPjpapd; eilghij xt;nthU ehSk; #hpa m];jkdj;jpy; capHngWfpwJ. ,uz;L kpd;tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fSf;fpilapy; cs;s eilghijapy; jdJ FLk;gj;jpd; jpwe;jntsp ,y;yj;jpy; ,sk; fpwp];z%Hj;jp jdJ ghlg;Gj;jfq;fis gug;gp itj;jpUg;gij xUtH fhz-Kb Ak;. fle;j ,uz;L khj fhykhf gl;bdghf;fk; vd;Dkplj;jpy; 500f;Fkjpfkhd FLk;gq;fs; Rdhk-papy; ,lk;ngaHe;J FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,d;wp gugug;ghd tPjpf;fUfpy; tho;e;jdH. flw;fiuapy; mtHfsJ tPl;bd; rpij Tfis fhzyhk;. jw;nrayhf Nrjj;ij kjpg;gpl mjp fhupfs; te;jhy; tPl;ilf; fhl;Ltjw;F rpy jbfSk; fapWfSk; vy;iyfshf Nghlg;gl;Ls;sd. tPjpNahu eilghijapy; tho;e;jtHfspy; miu thrpf; FLk;gq;fs; 12 fp.kPf;F mg;ghy; cs;s jw;fhypf ,Ug;gplq;fSf;Fr; nrd;wNghjpYk; fpwp];z%u;j;jpapd; FLk;gk; njhlHe;J ,t;tPLfspy; thoNt tpUk;gpdH. f];lkhdhYk; mtd; gbg;ghd; vd;W ehk; cWjpahff; $WNthk; vd;W fpwp];z%Hj;jpapd; jhahH ghD $wpdhH. jkf;F Kjypy; xU jw;fhypf tPLk; gpd;dH xU epue;ju tPLk; fpilf;Fk; vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. GdHtho;T epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; ,lk;ngaHe;j rpWtHfspd; fy;tpj; Njitfisf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;stpy;iy. Kiwahf kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ag;glhjtHfsJ fy;tpf;fhd ghpfhukhf khw;W topfs;> ghlrhiyfs;> mjw;fhd ,lq;fs; gw;wp ,g;NghJjhd; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

,uz;L khjj;Jf;Fg; gpwF tPjp fspy; ,Ue;J mNdfkhf midj;Jf; FLk;gq;fSk; njhiytpy; jw;fhypf tjptplq;fSf;F khw;wg;gl;ld. ,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gLk; Mdp khjj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy;> mtHfs; ntg;gj;jpy;> GOf;fk; kpf;f kiwg;Gf;fspy; Nghjpa jz;zPH trjpapd;wp> kpfNkhrkhd kyry$l trjpfSld; mq;F tho;fpd;wdH. Nfhil kio fhyj;jpy; Kfhkpy; nts;sk; gpbj;jJ. ,d;DnkhU khjj;jpd;gpd; gUtfhy kioapy; ,d;Dkjpfkhd nts;sk; Vw;gLk;. muRk; murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fSk; mtHfis kPz;Lk; mq;fpUe;J ,d;DnkhU ey;y ,lj;Jf;F efHj;jj; jpl;lkpLfpd;wdH.

xU FspHr;rpahd ,lj;Jf;fhd

Njlypy;

,e;jpahtpd; njd;Kidapy; cs;s fd;dpahFkhhp khtl;lj;jpd; Kj;jk; vDk; fpuhkj;jpy;> 4 gps;isfspd; jhahd Nkhp> mq;F xU cs;@H murrhHgw;w epWtdj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;l 24 jw;fhypf ,Ug;gplq;fspy; xd;wpy; trpf;fpwhH. Nfhil mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f ntg;gKk;> GOf;fKk; jw;fhypf tPl;bd; nrsfhpaj;ij ,y;yhky; nra;fpd;wd. Nkhp jw;fhypf tPl;Lf;F ntsp-NaNa jdJ Neuj;ij nrytpLfpwhs;. Mz;fs;> ngz;fs;> Foe;ijfs; vd;W midtUNk ,utpy; tPl;Lf;F ntspNa jpwe;jntspapNy cwq;FfpNwhk; vd Nkhp $wpdhH. khiyapYk;> ,utpYk; rhpahd ntg;gk; vd;gjdhy; ,t;tPl;by; ,utpy; jq;fitf;fhJ vdJ filrp 2 taJ kfis njhpe;j maytH tPl;bNyNa jq;fitf;fpd;Nwd; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.

nghJthf NtW Ntiy vjw;Fk; nry;tjw;F ,ayhj epiyapy; Mz;fs; Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisfspy; Nkhp ntspapy; jdJ Neuj;ij nrytpLtjw;F tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. jdpegHfspd; me;juq;fj; jd;ik ghJfhf;fKbahj xU epiy ,Ue;jNghJk; mJ gw;wp mts; KiwaplKay;tjpy;iy. jpd Kk; jdJ Foe;ijia maytH tPl;Lf;F vLj;Jr; nry;tJ mtSf;F

kpfTk; mtkhdkhd tpilak;. ,tw;iwnay;yhk;tpl NkhrkhdJ> ,utpy; kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gKk; GOf;fKk; cz;lhfpd;w Ntis> mtHfs; nghJ ,lq;fspy; epj;jpiu nra;a Ntz;b ,Ug;gNj. jhH G+rg;gl;l jw;fhypf tPLfs; ntg;gj;ij njhlHe;J jf;fitg;gJld; kpff; Fiwthd fhw;Nwhl;l trjpfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd. ghukw;w $iuj;jfLfisg; gwf;ftplhky; $iu kPJ Nghlg;gl;Ls;s fWg;G gpsh];bf; jLg;Gf;fs;> ,d;Dkjpfkhf mt;tPLfis #lhf;Ffpd;wd. kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gepiyapd; epkpj;jk; ngz;fs; jkJ rikaiyg; ng-hJj; jpwe;j ntspfspNyh my;yJ ,d;DnkhUthpd; rikayiwiag; gq;FNghl;Nlh Kbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdH. jw;fhypf tPLfis kpftpiuthf mikf;Fk;Ntis> Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; kPJ jhf;fj;ijr; nrYj;jty;y> nrsfhpak; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj me;juq;fk; rhu;e;j Mff;Fiwe;jsTg; gpukhzq;fs;;> ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;glhky; tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy epWtdq;fs; ,j;jifa tPLfSf;F kpd; tprpwp-fisj; jUtjhf thf;FWjp mspj;jd. Mdhy; ,j;jifa neUf;fkhd fl;Lkhdq;fSf;Fs; kpd; tprpwp fs; ntg;gkhd fhw;iw khj;jpuNk juf;$baitahf ,Uf;Fk;.

fl;llg; nghUl;fis njhptjpy; mur xg;ge;jf;fhuHfs; rpyhpd; Kiwfis gpd;gw;wpaJ> jkJ gpio vd;gij ,g;NghJ mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; czuj;njhlq;fp cs;sd. “mtHfs; vij $wpdNuh mijNa nra;Njhk;” “ehk; mijj; jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;” vd “mf;]d; va;l; ,e;jpah” vDk; epWtdj;jpd; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mjpfhhp $wpdhH.

Fiwe;j gl;r ngWkhdk; gw;wpa Nfhupf;if$l

cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah ��

,yF $iuj;jfLfis ngw ehk; Nfushtpd; mud;Fsk; vd;Dkplj;Jf;F jiutopapy; 6 kzpj;jpahsq;fs; nrytpl;Lr; nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ vd r%f fy;tpAk; mgptpUj;jpAk; vDk; cs;SH epWtdj;jpd; ,af;FdH fpwpw;w]; cghyl; $wpdhH. “njd;Ndhiy my;yJ gid Xiy fs; Nghd;w cs;SH %yg;nghUl;fis itj;J rpW Xiyf; nfhl;liffis mikj;J cs;SH Ntiy tha;g;ig ehk; mjpfhpj;jpUf;fyhk; vd epW td gpujpepjpfs; $wpdH. mj;Jld; khtl;l mYtyHfs; ghuk;ghpa Xiy tPl;Lf;fl;;likg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtij jLj;jjhfTk;> XUrpy tUlq;fSf;F Kjy; Xiyf; nfhl;liffspy; Vw;gl;l jP tpgj;jpy; Vuhskhd rpWtHfs; nfhy;yg;gl;lJ ,d;Dk; khwhj kdf;fhaq;fshf cs;sikNa ,jw;F fhuzk; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.

indiadisasters.org1 vDk; ,izaj;jsk; jw;fhypf tPLfis “mtz;” #lhf;fp ntJg;gpf;F xg;gpl;L fl;Liu tbj;jpUj;jJ. ,d;lgpu]; Nrtp]; (IPS)2 $l ,j; jw;fhypf nfhl;by;fis “irsdh” #lhf;fpf;F xg;gpl;L ,g;gpur;ridia Mtzg;gLj;jpapUe;jdH. ntg;gj;Jf;Fj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk; fyrq;fs;> rpwe;j fhw;Nwhl;l El;g rhjdq;fs; Nghd;w rpwe;j njhopy; El;gj; jPHTfs; fpilf;ff;$ba ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,j; jw;fhypf

tPLfSf;Fs; ngz;fSf;fhd xU jdp ,lk; vDk; gpur;rid tpidj;jpwDld; ,d;Wk; mZfg;glhjjhfNt cs;sJ. Mf kpfTk; mDgtk; tha;e;j epWtdq;fNs rikay;> Fspay;> cLg;G ryit nra;jy; Nghd;w tpilaq;fSf;F ngz;fSf;Fj; jdpahd ,lq;fis toq;Ffpd;wd. xf;];ghk; epWtdk; FspHr;rpahd Xiy tPLfis $lY}hpy; ,j;jifa nraw;ghLfSf;nfd jdpahd ,lq;fis xJf;fPL nra;J fl;bf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. NfhNla;l; epWtd cjtpahy; mikf;fg;gl;l tPLfs; taJ te;j ngz;fSf;fhd gpuj;jpNaf miwia nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ. nghUj;jg;ghLk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; tPLfs; mikf;fg;gLk;NghNj nrsfhp ak; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj me;juq;fk; rhHe;j Njitg;ghLfs;kPJ Mff;Fiwe;jstpNyDk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLtJld; jpl;lkplYk; mtrpak;.

KbTiu

NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; r% ff; fyhrhu clypay;rhH fhuzp fs;> ngz;fisAk; rpWtHfisAk; Fwpg;ghf taJ te;j ngz;fisAk;> vjpHkiwr; Rfhjhug; ghjpg;Gf;fSf;Fk; td;Kiwf;Fk; kpfNkhrkhd Kiw apy;> mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLgtHfshf

Mf;fptpLfpd;wd. NghJkhd tPl;L trjp ,d;ik ,tHfis ,d;Dk; mjpfkhd mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLgtHfshf khw;wp tpLfpwJ. ghuk;ghpaj; njd;dhrpa r%ftpaypy; ngz;fs; ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; cjtp-fisg; ngwTk; jkJ Njitfis ntspNa njhpag;gLj;jTk; ,ayhj tHfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. rpWtHfSf;F fy;tpia kWjypj;jy; vd;gJ vjpH-fhyr; re;jjpia ,d;Dkjpfkhf mghaj;Jf;Fl;glgtHfshf khw;Wk;. ,j;jifa gpur;ridfs; midj;ijAk; ifahs;tjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; NguopTf;fhd gjpypWg;G mZFKiw Ak;> ghy;epiyj; jd;ikapd; kl;bYk; ngz;fs; rpWtHfspd; Fwpg;gpl;l Njit-fspy; kl;bYk; czHjF jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjtp toq;Fk; tpilaq;fSld; njhlHGgl;ltHfs; cs;SH #o;epiy kl;by; njspthd Ghpe;JzHit nfhz;bUg;gJld;> r%fj;jpd; vy;yh jug;gpduJk; Fwpg;ghd Njitfisf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mtrpak;

kf;]; khl;bd; (mfjpfs; fw;if ikaj;jpd; Kd;dhy; khztH) ,tH ngq;fSiuj; jskhff; nfhz;ltHwww.indiadisasters.org kpd; mQ;ry;[email protected]

1. www.indiadisasters.org2. www.ips.org/

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trpg;gplq;fs;

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FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah��

gpwpl;]; epiyaj;jhy;

Rdhkp ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gl;l

,yq;if> ,e;jpahtpy; nra;ag;gl;l

mz;ikfhy fzpg;ghdJ cjtp

fspd; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f tpisTj;

jhf;fk; gw;wpa gad; ngWgth;fspd;

ghHitia Muha;e;jwpe;Js;sJ.

,yq;ifapy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fs; jhk;

ngw;w cjtp fspd; kl;by; nfhz;Ls;s

ghH;itf; Nfhzq;fisf; fhl;bYk;

,e;jpahtpy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd;

ghHitf;Nfhzq;fs; cjtpfspd; kl;by;

NeH;jd;ikAld; ,Ug;gjhfNt Muk;gf;

fzpg;Gfs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.

,yq;ifAk; ,e;jpahTk; cjtp

gw;wpa tpj;jpahrkhd fijfisf;

nfhz;bUe;jd. Vw;fdNt jkJ cs;SH

gq;fhsp epWtdq;fisNah my;yJ

Neubahd nray; jpl;lj;jpNyh <Lgl;L

gpurd;dkhapuhj rHtNjr kdpj Nea

epWtdq;fSf;Nfh ,e;jpah cj;jpNahf

g+H;tkhf jdJ fjit %baJ.

,e;jpa kj;jpa muR> khdpy muRfs;>

mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> rH;tNjr

epWtdq;fs;> jdpahH; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;

kw;Wk; ,uhZtk; Mfpatw;wpd; epthu

zg; nghUl;fs; ahTk; murpdhNyNa

xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;ld. ,yq;ifapy;

rH;tNjr> Njrpa> gpuhe;jpa> mur rhHgw;w

epWtdq;fspd; iffspy; Rdhkpahy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; ,yF gad;ghl;Lg;

nghUl;fshf ifaspf;fg;gl;ldh;.

(murpay; uPjpapy; czH;jF epiy $ba

tlfpof;F ,jw;F tpjptpyf;F) Vuhs-

khd ngupa mDgtk;kpf;f mur rhHgw;w

epWtdq;fspd; gq;Nfw;gpUe;j Nghjp

Yk; ,yq;ifapy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F

toq;fg;gl;l cjtpfs; jpUg;jpfukhf

mikatpy;iy vd;w ghH;itNa

cs;sJ. ,j;jifa tpj;jpahrkhd

ghHitf; Nfhzq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;

cs;s rhj;jpakhd fhuzq;fis

fzpg;gPl;lwpjyhdJ rpy tpdhf;fis

vOg;GfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk;

xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,izg;G>

xOq;fikg;G kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy;

fhzg;gLk; Kiwrhuh ,Wf;fkw;w

xOq;fikg;G vd ,U NtWgl;l

mgpg;gpuhaq;fspd; kl;by; cjtpfspd;

tpj;jpahrkhd jhf;fj;jpwd; vj;jifaJ

vd;gijg;gw;wpNa mt;tpdhf;fs;

vOfpd;wd.

fzpg;gPl;by; fye;J nfhz;l

gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;> xd;wpy; Rdhkpf;Fg;

gpd;dhd cjtpfis ngWgtH;fshf

my;yJ Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;W jkJ

FLk;g cWg;gpdHfis ,oe;j tsHe;j

FLk;g cWg;gpdHfshf ,Ue;jdH.

Ngudu;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd;

gy;NtW jug;gpdiuAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;

gLj;Jgtu;fshfTk; gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;

fhzg;gl;ldH;. ,e;jpahtpy; 12

khtl;lq;fspy; Kjypy; 100 fpuhkq;fspy;

,Ue;J 800 NgUk; ,yq;ifapy; 97

fpuhkq;fisr; NrHe;j 600 NgUk; fye;J

nfhz;bUe;jdH;. mtHfspy; ,e;jpahtpy;

93% khdtH;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;

58% khdtH;fSk; kPd;gpbj;Jiwia

rhHe;jtH;fshf ,Ue;jdH;. xt;nthU

ghjpg;Gw;w FLk;gj;jpYk;> xU tou;e;j

cWg;gpdH gpujhdkhd gjpypWg;ghsuhf

nray;gl VidatH;fs; mjw;F

gq;fspg;G nra;a Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH.

,yq;if ,e;jpah Mfpa ,U ehLfsp

YNk ngUk;ghd;ik gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;

ngz;fshf ,Ue;jdH;. jpwe;j tpdhf;fs;

%ykhf> gapw;wg;gl;l NeH;Kfk;

fhz;gtHfspd; xU FOthy;> cs;SH

nkhopapy; NeH;Kfk; fhzYf;$lhf

juTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld.

Kjy; 48 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

Rdhkp Vw;gl;L Kjy; 48

kzpj;jpahyq;fspd;NghJ fhzg;gl;l

tplaq;fs;> ghH;itf; Nfhzq;fs;

kw;Wk; kdg;gjpTfs; gw;wp NeH

Kfk; fhz;gtHfs; Kjypy; tpdtpdH;.

,e;jpahtpy; 48% khd gjpypWg;ghsH;fs; khj;jpuNk jhk; kPl;Gjtpfis ngw;wjhf

$wpdH. ,yq;ifapNyh mJ 31% khf Fiwe;J fhzg;gl;lJ. “,q;F vk;ikj; Njb xUtUk; tutpy;iy …….

ehq;fs; vy;NyhUNk xUtUf;nfhUtH;

cjtp nra;aNth my;yJ cldbahf

vkJ vjpH;tpidia ntspg;gLj;jNth

KbahjsTf;F ghupa mjpHr;rpf;Fs;shfp

,Ue;Njhk;” vd xU ,e;jpa kPdtg; ngz; $wpdhH;. kPl;G Kaw;rpfspd;

gad; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwd;$l

Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;lNj. “jdp egHfshf VuhskhNdhH; may; fpuhkq;fspy;

,Ue;J XNlhbte;jdH. Mdhy; mtHfs;

ngupjhf VJk; nra;a Kbatpy;iy” vd ,d;DnkhU gjpypWg;ghsH; $wp-

dhH;. kPl;G Kaw;rpfspYk; cldb

epthuzk; toq;fpajpYk; mjpfk;

gq;fspg;G nra;jtHfs; maytH;fSk;

gapw;rp ngwhj cs;SH; jd;dhH;tj;

njhz;lHfSNk vd mwpf;iffSk;

fs NeH;Kfk; fhzy;fSk;

ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

Kjy; 48 kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fs;

fpilj;j cjtpfspd; tiffs; rhH

ghd gjpypWg;Gf;fs; ,yq;iff;Fk;

,e;jpahTf;Fkpilapy; kpff; Fwpg;ghd

tpj;jpahrq;fs; ,Ug;gij fhl;Lfpd;wd. fzpg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;l kPl;G> ,we;jtH;fis ,dq;fz;L Gijj;jy;> fopTfis Rj;jk; nra;jy;> kUj;Jt Nrit> ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspd; ,Uj;Jjy; cs;slq;fyhd 11 tif cjtp fs; rhHghf xg;gPl;by; ,yq;ifAld; Nehf;Fifapy; jhk; ngw;wpUe;jjhfNt ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa kf;fs; $wpdH;. ,e;jpahtpy; 49% khdtHfSf;F Kjy; ,U ehl;fSf;Fs;Sk; VNjh xU tifapy; kPs; jq;Fkpl trjpfs; mikg;gjw;F cjtp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; ,yq;ifapNyh mJTk; kpfTk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehl;by; 3% khj;jpuk; fhzg;gl;lJ. FbePH tpepNahfj;jpd; kl;by; 15% khf cs;s ,yq;ifAld; xg;gpLifapy; ,e;jpahtpy; 35% khdtHfs; gad; mile;Js;sdH. ,e;jpahtpy; 66% gjpypWg;ghsHfs; mtrufhy kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir

ngw;Ws;sdH;. ,yq;ifapNyh 33% khdtH;fNs ngw;Ws;sdH;.

gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk;:

ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs;mdp];ah Njhk];> tpkyh ,uhkypq;fk;

“Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd jkJ eltbf;iffis jd;dhHtj; njhz;lH; epWtdq;fs; kPsha;T nra;Ak;Ntis> xU rpy kPsha;TfNs gd;Kfg; ghq;fhd epWtdq;fis cs;thq;Ffpd;wd. kWKidapy; kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz cjtp-fisg; ngWgtHfs; gad;ngWgth;fspd; ghH;itiaf; fzpg;gPL nra;tJ ,d;Dk; mupjhfNt cs;sJ.”

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FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah ��gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk;: ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs;

ntt;NtW tifahd cjtpfs;

nrd;wile;j Ntfj;jpy; Kuz;ghLfSk;

tpj;jpahrq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. ,e;jpahtpy;

15% khdtH;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;

8% khdtH;fSk; khj;jpuNk jkJ

fhzhkw;Nghd cwtpdH;fis NjLk;

Kfkhf rpijTfis mfw;Wk; Jg;guT

gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;wjhf $wpdH;. kWjiy

ahf Nehf;fpd;> czT ,e;jpahtpy;

90% khdtHfisAk; 78% khdtHfis

,yq;ifapYk; 48 kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fs;

nrd;wile;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy;> rpy

jUzq;fspy; kpjkpQ;rpa czTfs;

nrd;wile;jJKz;L. xU ,e;jpa

gjpypWg;ghsH; “midj;J tif rikj;j

czTfSk; vk;ik te;jile;jJld;

mit kpjkpQ;rpAk; fhzg;gl;ld” vdf; $wpdhH;.

Muk;g toq;FdH;fspd;

tpguf;Fwpg;Gf;fspy; xU jj;&gkhd

NtWghL ,Ue;jJ. Kjy; 48

kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 36% khd ,e;jpa gjpypWg;ghsHfSf;F

cs;SH mur rhHgw;w ,af;fj;jpd;

VNjh tifahd cjtpfs;

fpilj;Js;sJld; ,yq;ifapNyh 4% khdtHfSf;Nf fpilj;Js;sd vd;gij

gjpypWg;gtHfspD}lhf mwpag;gl;lJ.

,e;jpahtpy; cs;SH mur epHthfk;

Fwpg;ghf jkpo; ehl;by; jkJ nfhs;jF

jpwDf;F Nkyhf nraw;gl;ldH;. “ehNkh my;yJ khtl;l epHthf mYtyfH;fNsh

epj;jpiu nra;atpy;iy” vd capHgpioj;Njhupy; xUtH; Fwpg;gpl;lJ

,jw;F cjhuzk;. ,e;jpahtpy;

miuthrpf;Fkjpfkhd gjpypWg;ghsHfs;>

jhk; mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fshYk;>

r%f epWtdq;fshYk;

12% MAjg;gilfshYk;

cjtpaspf;fg;gl;ljhff; $wpdu;.

,yq;ifapNyh MAjg;gilfs;

gjpypWg;ghsHfspy; 39%jpdUf;F cjtptoq;fpAs;sdu;. mur rhu;gw;w

epWtdq;fs; ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs;

toq;fpa cjtpfis 39% khd gjpypWg;ghsHfs; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.

,yq;if murpd; cjtpfis 4% khd gjpypWg;ghsHfNs cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.

‘,itnay;yhk; ,lk;ngw;wNghJ muR

vq;Nf NghapUe;jJ? midj;JNk

jhWkhW’ vd capu;gpioj;Njhu;

fUj;Jj;njuptpj;jdu;.

ePz;lfhy cjtp

ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapy; cjtp

ehk; Nkyjpfkhf Kjy; 60

ehl;fSf;fpilapyhd epthuz

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp tha;nkhopf;

fUj;Jf;fisf;Nfl;Nlhk;. ,yq;if

,e;jpah ,uz;bYNk>NeH;Kfk;

fhzg;gl;l miuthrpg;Ngu; mzT

tpdpNahfk; ruhrup juj;Jf;F

Nkyhf ,Ue;jjhfTk;> mz;zsthf

40%khdtu;fs; jhk; czit ngWk;

Njit Vw;gl;ljd; epkpj;jKk; czT

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2004 khHfopr; Rdhkp ntsp cyfpd; tpopfSf;Fs; Njdpytpd; miktplk;

vd;w khiyjPtpd; Njhw;wg;ghl;il NguopT tyak; vd;w kd cUthf xH

,uTf;Fs;NsNa nrUfpaJ.

FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT��

, e;j 1200 gtsj; jPTfisf; nfhz;l jPTf; $l;lk; cyfp-

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cs;sd:

108 Ngu; xd;wpy; ,we;Njh my;yJ fhzhkNyh NghAs;sdH.

FbapUg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l 199 jPTfspy; 13 ,ypUe;J Kw;WKOjhf midtUk; ntspNaw;wg;gl;Ls;sdH.

ngWkjpkpf;f Nky;kz; flYf;Fs; fOtg;gl;L Ngha;tpl;lJ.

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10 tpfpjj;Jf;Fk; mjpfkhd tPl;Lf; foQ;rpaq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; Vuhskhdit gOjile;Js;sd.

15>000 njhlf;fk; 30>000 f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l mjhtJ 5% njhlf;fk; 10% khd kf;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; ,lk;ngaHe;jdH.

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Vida jPTfspy;> ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu jkJ ,y;yq;fSf;Fs; te;J tho kd xg;GjYld; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,j;jifa #o;epiy ,d;Dk; gy khjq;fSf;Nfh my;yJ tUlq;fSf;Nfh$l njhluyhk; vd;gJ ,g;NghJ njspthf njd;glj; njlqfpAs;sjhy;> FLk;gq;fspd; kPJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbah Rikia Vw;wpa epiyNa cs;sJ. rpWtH cupikf;fhd mur ikaj;jpd; VSO rpWtH ghJfhg;G MNyhrfH Nu]p yhkd; $Wifapy; “msTf;fjpfkhd Ml;fs; mjd; tpisthf njhlHr;rpahd mOj;jk;> ftiy vd;gd nghWg;Ngw;w FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; jq;fpapUf;Fk; FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; Vuhskhd gpur;ridfisf; nfhz;L te;Js;sJld; rpWtH ghJfhg;gpd; kl;by; ghupa rpf;fy;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd. khiyjPtpd; nghWg;Ngw;Ws;s tPLfspy; me;juq;fk; Ngzy; FiwthfTs;sJld;> jw;fhypf jq;Fkplq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf taJ te;j ,sk; ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw ghypay; J];gpuNahfk; vd;gdtw;wpd; mghaepiy mjpfupj;Js;sijAk; a+.vd;.vg;.uP.V. Rl;bf;fhl;b vr;rupj;Js;sJ. khkpfpyp jPtpd; mw;Nwhy; jiytH mypg; lhy; mtHfshy; jPl;lg;gl;l xU jPHT Kiw ahdJ cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; FLk;gq;fs; jkJ tPl;Lld; ,d;DnkhU gpuj;jpNahf mi-wfis mNj tstpw;Fs; fl;LtJk;> mjD}lhf msTf;fjpfkhNdhuhy; Vw;gLk; neUf;fbia Fiwg;gJk; MFk;. Mj;Jld; nghWg;Ngw;w FLk;gq;fspd; jhuhs kdJf;Ff; ifkhwhf epue;jukhdnjhU rpwpa gyid toq;FtJkhFk;. muR$l nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fSf;F mbg;gil czT tpepNahfj;ijAk; nra;J tUfp wJ.

gq;Fdpj; njhlf;fj;jpy;> kdpj Nea mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; I.eh.tpd; gzpkid (X.rP.vr;.V) cs;sf ,lk;

njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk;

khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp `pb gpuTz;

FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT �9njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk; khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp

ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd epge;jidfis khi-yjPT ngWtjw;fhd xU nraw;jpl;lj;ij nfhz;L elj;jpaJ. mtHfsJ Muk;g mwpf;ifahdJ tpaf;fitf;Fk; mstpy; jw;fhypf ,y;yq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd vd;gij Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;baJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; rHtNjr topfhl;ly;fspd; kl;by; Njrpa kl;l tpopg;GzHT FiwT vd;gjdhy;> ];gpaH gpukhzq;fis2 g+Hj;jp nra;tjw;F nfhs;jFjpwd; jtwptpl;lJ. ,jdhy; jw;fhypf tPLfis mikf;Fk; gzp> ,e;jf; FiwghLfis eptHj;jpf;Fk; Kfkhf njhlHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ.

jkJ vjpHfhyk; njhlHghd jfty;fs; Fiwthf cs;sjd; epkpj;jk;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhupilNa Vf;fk; Vw;gl;Ls;sij X.rP.vr;.V. tpd; mwpf;if Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ. khiyjPT muR gq;Fdp 20053 ,y; ntspapl;l Njr-pa kPl;rp kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd jpl;lj;jpy;> ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; ,lk;ngWk; jpl;lkplYf;F r%fj;Jld; fye;J MNyhrpg;gjw;F jd;id mHg;gzpj;Js;sij ntspg;gLj;jp cs;sJ. kpfTk; neUlyhd kPs;FbNaw;wk; gw;wpa tpilaj;ij Kd;ndLf;Fk;Ntis tpj;jpahrkhd ,lk;ngaHe;j jPTr; r%fq;fspd; kpff;Fwpg;gpl;l Njitg;ghLfis jhk; ifahSthHfs; vd kf;&g;up [kPy; vjpHT $Wfpd;whH.

1998 ,y; FbapUg;Gf;Fl;gl;l jPTfspd; vz;zpf;ifia Fiwf;Fk; nghUl;L Rakhd cs;sff; FbngaHtpid Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf Fbrdk; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpul;ba nfhs;ifia mwpKfk; nra;jJ. ,j;je;jpNuhghaj;jpd; mbg;gilahf cs;s fhuzq;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;thq;Ffpd;wd.

thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> Fsp&l;b kw;Wk; kPs;gjg;gLj;Jk; cs;sf trjp vd;gd fpilf;ff;$bajhf cs;sjdhy;> kPd; gpbg;gjw;fhd jsq;fspd; neUf;fk; cs;slq;fyhf

fiye;J tpyfpr; nry;tjw;fhd tuyhw;Wj; Njitfs; ,y;iy vd;w cz;ik.

199 jPTfspy; mJTk; 59% khd itfspy; 1000 NgUf;Fk; Fiw thd kf;fs; rdj; njhifiaf; nfhz;Ls;s #o;epiyapy; cs;sff; fl;Lkhdq;fisAk; nghJ Nritf isAk; gpujp nra;jy; vd;gJ mur tsq;fisAk; kdpj tYitAk; eypthd epiyapy; tp];jupf;fpd;wJ.

Xd;wpize;J gyg;gLj;Jjy; tpNrlj;Jtk; nghUe;jpa caHkl;l Nritfis Kd;Ndw;wfukhf ngWtjw;F kf;fis mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.

gykhd jPT milahsq;fs; fhuz-khf> kf;fis Fbngaur; nry;tjw;F Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; kpfTk; fbdkhd-njd Kd;dH ep&gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gy jPTfspy; xl;Lnkhj;j r%fq;fis ,lk;ngaur; nra;tjd; %yKk; cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis jfHj;jjd;%yKk;> Rdhkp ,e;jg;gpur;ridia ePz;l fhy mbg;gilahd fl;Lkhd jpl;lkply;rhH fUj;jhlypd; Kd;thpir epiyf;F nfhz;L nrd;Ws;sJ. gyE}w;whz;Lfshf kdpj FbapUg;Gf;fs; ,Ue;j mNjNtis ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiy caHthf fhzg;gLk; jPTfis> muR kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;gNtz;Lkh? my;yJ rpwg;ghd NritfisAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l #oy; ghJfhg;gpidAk; nfhz;l jPT-fspy;> ,lk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fis kPs; FbNaw;wYf;F Njitahd fl;Lkhd epjpfisAk; Kaw;rpfisAk;> muR ,yf;fhf;f Ntz;Lkh?

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nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mNjNtis> ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;glty;y rpwpa jPTfisr; NrHe;j Vida kf;fSf;Fk;> mtHf sJ Ntz;LNfhspd; mbg;gilapy; kPs;FbNaw;wk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. kPs;FbNaw kf;fis Cf;fg;gLj;JKfkhf mtH-fis nghWg;Ngw;f Kd;tUk; jPT fs; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.

FbapUg;G kw;Wk; r%f trjpfs;

KO mstpyhd nghJNritfs;

nghUshjhuj; Jiwfspd; gd;Kfg;ghq;F

NtW jPTfSld; rpwe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J ,izg;G

,d;Dkjpfkhd tsHr;rpf;F toptFf;Fk; cs;sff; fl;Lkhdk;.

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Njrpa kPl;rpf;Fk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;Fkhd jpl;lk;> kPs;FbNaw;wk;> Gjpa ,lq;fspy; FbakHj;jy; Kw;WKOjhf Nfhhpf;if ikakhdjhfTk; RatpUg;ig mbg;giliaf; nfhz;ljhfTk; cs;snjdf; $WfpwJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ntspNaw;wg;gl;l r%fq;fisg; nghWj;jkl;by; kPs;FbakHj;jy; vd;gJ xU nghUl;lhdjhf ,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;y. xU jPtpd; ngUk;ghd;ikahd FbapUg;ghsHfs; kPz;Lk; ,Ug;gjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;why; mj;jPTf;Fhpa VidatHfs; jkJ rpije;j ,y;yq;fSf;F jpUk;gp> cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gJ elthjnthU fhhpak;. mNjNtis> NguspTfis cz;ikapy; mDgtpj;j mNjNtis kdtpUg;Gld; ntspNaWgtHfs; $l

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FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT/Mgphpf;fh�0 njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk; khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp

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A+.vd;.vg;.gP.Vapd; cjtpAld; ,e;jpa nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fk; csr;r%f KjYjtp gapw;rpg;gl;liw xd;iw

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r%f csey cjtpg;gphpT mur mikr;rpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht gphpthf $batpiutpy; khwptpLk; #oy; cs;sJ. Kd;dH ghpl;rakpy;yhj gy;NtW NguopT gjpypWg;G mk;rq;fSld; $batpiutpy; r%f csey cjtpAk; khiyjPtpy; muR kw;Wk; rptpy; r%fj;jpd; ehshe;j Ngr;rpy; xU mq;fkhf khwptpLk;. kpf mz;ikapy; ,lk;ngw;w my;yJ ,we;jfhyj;jpd; kdj;jhf;fq;fis

epidTf;fisf;fhky; kWjypj;Jf; nfhz;L vjpHfhyj;ij jpl;lkpLtJ ,ayhj fhhpak;. vjpHfhyj;jpy; ,aw;if vjidnay;yhk; khiyjPtpd; kPJ Nguopthf tPrpnawpa Kw;gLNkh mijnay;yhk; ifahSk; rpwe;j Maj;jepiyapy; khiyjPT ,Uf;Fk; vd ek;gyhk;.

`pb gpuTz; - khiyjPT Rfhjhu mikr;rpy; gzpGhpAk; tPv];X jd;dhHtg; gzpahsH. kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected] ,f;fl;Liu mtuJ jw;Wzptpy; vOjg;gl;lJ.4

1. www.tsunamimaldives.mv2. www.sphereproject.org3. www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/documents/tsunami/maldives/md_nrrp.pdf4. ksshiyjPtpd; A+vd;vt;gpVapd; vkh GO> rpWtu;

cupikfSf;fhd gpuptpd; Nwrp yhkd;> v];vr;<apd;

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kj;jpa Nfhl;bypUe;J 6000km f;F

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ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shdJkhd Nrhkhypahtpy;

290 kuzq;fSk; fpl;lj;jl;l 54>000

Nghpd; ,lk;ngaHTk; ,lk;ngw;wJ.

fiuNahu kf;fspd; 75% tPjkhd

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rHtNjr r%fk; Mgphpf;fhtpy; Rdhkp

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NfhUNthH> mfjpfs; MfpNahUf;fhd

tpNrl njhlHghsUkhthu;. kpd;dQ;ry;:

[email protected]

Rdhkp gw;wpa Xh; Mgphpf;f fUj;J epiy gfhkp nuhk; ead;LfhcyF> ,yFthf nghJtpy; mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiy nfhz;l xU G+Nfhsf; fpuhkk; vd;gijAk; Mgphpf;fhtpd; Njitfs; vg;NghJNk ,uz;lhk; epiyiaNa ngWfpd;wJ vd;gijAk; Rdhkp vkf;F epidTgLj;jpAs;sJ.

FMR Rdhkp – Mgphpf;fh �1

tul;rp KbTf;FtUk; me;jj;

jUthapYk;> gd;klq;fhfp

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gha cgfuzq;fspd; ,og;G vd

gy;NtW tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

fpl;lj;jl;l 44>000 kf;fSf;F mjhtJ

mz;zsthf 7>300 FLk;gq;fSf;F

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tPLfs;> jq;Fkpl GdHepHkhzk; my;yJ

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g+Hj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd vd;gij

fz;lwpe;jdH. mj;Jld;> ,g;gzpf;

FOtpdH> Mff;Fiwe;jJ 40% khd ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; njhlHr;rpahd

MjuitAk; [PtNdhgha

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Nrhkhypahtpd; jw;Nghija gpur;rpidfis Rdhkp

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