Force and Motion .

Force and Motionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iKhLGK7HGk

Motion

• Motion is an object changing its position over time.

• How far an object moved in a certain amount of time.

• Often shown in Miles Per Hour (MPH) or meters per second (mps).

Force

• A push or a pull• Force can be applied to an object to change

it’s motion.• Force can make an object in motion change

it’s direction

Balanced Force

• Balanced forces cause an object to stay in place.

• A table can represent a balanced force: Gravity is pulling it down while the floor is pushing up on it with equal force. The table remains still.

Unbalanced Force

• Unbalanced forces cause objects to start moving, stop moving, or change direction.

• Unbalanced forces change the motion of objects.

• 3 factors: direction of force applied, strength of the force, mass of the object.

Direction

• The direction that a force is applied will determine the direction of the motion of the object.

Gravitational Force

• “Gravity”• The attraction one object has for other

objects.

• All objects exert a gravitational force on all other objects.

• The more matter an object has, the more gravity it will have.

Gravity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PsIBz40PcQ8

Friction

• A force that acts in the opposite direction of an objects motion.

• When objects touch their surfaces interact.• Moving one surface across another creates

friction. • If you rub the surface of your hands together

quickly you will feel heat, heat is created by friction.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAqrWvkBoHk

Air Resistance

• Friction between a moving object and the air it is passing through.

• If you hold your hand out of a car window while traveling you will feel air resistance.

• Air resistance keeps race cars from going any faster.

Axis

• The point that an object rotates around

Position

• Where an object is at during a certain time.

Speed

• The distance an object moves in a certain amount of time.

Energy

• Energy is needed to make force happen.• Energy is the ability to do work.

Work

• Applying force to an object to move it.

Inertia

• An object at rest wants to stay at rest.Inertia Egg Video

Acceleration

• A measurement of how speed changes

Acceleration

Velocity

• Speed with direction.

Momentum

• The measure of the amount of force that it would take to stop a moving object. Due to its mass and speed.

Drag

• Friction with a gas or liquid.• Air Resistance.

Properties

• Things that describe an object.

Qualitative Description

• Properties of matter described using words.• Example: The soft chair is blue with stripes

and it smells like flowers.

Quantitative Description

• Properties of matter described using numbers.• Example: The chair has two wheels and four

legs.• Example: The toy car has a mass of 50 grams.

Conservation of Energy

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change form or be transferred from one thing to another.

Kinetic Energy

• The energy that a moving object has.

Potential Energy

• Stored Energy.

6 Types of Simple Machines

• Inclined Plane• Lever• Wheel and Axle• Wedge• Pulley• Screw

Simple Machines

• Change the amount of force needed to move an object.

• Make it easier for us to do work.

Inclined Plane

• Also called ramps, they help us move an object from a low place to a high place.

Lever

• Is used to move heavy objects.• A fulcrum is placed in the middle to create

leverage.

Wheel and Axle

• Where a round object (wheel) rotates around a rod (axle) to help it move smoothly.

Wedge

• Two inclined planes stuck together, it is used to push things apart.

Pulley

• A wheel with a groove around the middle, a rope fits into the groove and wraps around the wheel.

• Force needed to lift a weight is about half when using a pulley.

Screw

• An inclined plane wrapped around a center shaft, called threads.

• It is used by turning to pull things together.

Gear

• A wheel with teeth around the outside to connect with other gears.

• They can change the amount of force needed to move an object.

Newton

• The metric measurement of force.• 1 N = 1kg x 1m / (s x s)• One Newton is equal to the force needed to

move one kilogram one meter in one second.

Mechanical Advantage

• How much a machine helps increase force.