For those who missed Friday’s Test… You must complete the test by the end of the school day TOMORROW Unfortunately my schedule between now and then is pretty packed… looks like the ONLY available time is tomorrow morning at 7:00am Looking forward to many bright and happy faces then….
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For those who missed Friday’s Test… zYou must complete the test by the end of the school day TOMORROW yUnfortunately my schedule between now and then is.
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For those who missed Friday’s Test…
You must complete the test by the end of the school day TOMORROW Unfortunately my schedule between
now and then is pretty packed… looks like the ONLY available time is tomorrow morning at 7:00amLooking forward to many bright and happy
faces then….
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
(7th Ed)
Chapter 7
States of Consciousness
James A. McCubbin, PhDClemson University
Worth Publishers
Mind - Body
What is the relationship between the mind and the body? Is the mind separate from the body?
Dualists answer YESMonists answer NO
Questionnaire (3.2)
Waking Consciousness
Consciousness our
awareness of ourselves and our environments
Experience and Awareness Questionnaire
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:1. When people sleepwalk, they are experiencing a dream that they are walking.
a) False. Normal REM sleep is accompanied by muscle paralysis that makes acting out of dreams impossible. Sleepwalking actually occurs in sleep stages 3 and 4.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:2. The term "night terrors" refers to extremely scary nightmares.
a) False. Night or sleep terrors (occurring in stages 3 and 4) are marked by intense feelings of dread but lack the fearful narratives that characterize nightmares. Autonomic nervous system arousal is intense in night terrors but mild in nightmares.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:3. Dreaming occurs only in a stage of sleep referred to as REM sleep.
a) False. Research indicates that some hallucination-like dreams occur in stage 1. Unlike REM dreams, these stage 1 dreams do not follow a narrative or story line.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:4. Most people report dreaming in black and white.
a) False. Dreaming, as reported in self-reported dream logs, typically occurs in full color.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:5. Adults dream more than children.
a) False. Infants enter REM sooner and for a greater percentage of sleep than do adults or older children.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:6. Some people require as few as 4 hours of sleep a night to feel well rested.
a) True. Some require as few as 4 hours while others need as many as 10. Most people require between 6 and 10 hours of sleep.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:7. Most scientists believe all humans dream.
a) True. Ninety-five percent of people awakened during REM report dreaming. Failure to report dreaming, suggest researchers, reflects a failure of memory.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:8. More than half of American adults have suffered from insomnia in the past year.
a) True. According to the 2005 Sleep in America poll, 54 percent of American adults report that, within the last year, they have experienced at least one or more symptoms of insomnia at least a few nights a week.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:9. Barbiturates can induce a sleep that is just like natural sleep.
a) False. Barbiturates suppress central nervous system activity and are associated with a lower level of REM sleep than is healthy. Moreover, they are highly addictive and are associated with painful and difficult withdrawal. Newer sleep medications (e.g., benzodiazepines) are much safer.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:10. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are effective in treating sleep problems such as insomnia.
a) False. Although generally safe, OTCs can cause nausea and, more rarely, fast or irregular heartbeat, blurred vision, and heightened sensitivity to sunlight. Because of the side effects of OTCs and because they are often ineffective in relieving sleep problems, experts generally advise against their use. Their primary ingredient is an antihistamine.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:11. Bedwetting (enuresis) is usually due to the effects of dream content.
a) False. Slow maturation of bladder control is the most common cause of bedwetting. Enuresis is viewed as a disorder of arousal, that is, an elevated sleep arousal threshold leaves the child unable to awaken after an enuretic episode.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:12. Although in most people REM sleep is associated with muscle paralysis, some people actually act out their dreams during REM sleep.
a) True. Men over 50 are more likely to experience REM behavior disorder. They may hurt themselves or their bed partners. About one-third of them develop Parkinson's disease within three years of REM behavior disorder's onset.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:13. An animal's size is a key determinant of the amount of time the animal sleeps.
a) True. Bigger animals—elephants, giraffes, humans—need less sleep than smaller animals—rats, cats, voles.
b) The reason seems related to the fact that small animals have higher metabolic rates and higher brain and body temperatures than do large animals.
Sleep and Dreams
True or False:14. Snoring can be a symptom of a serious medical condition.
a) True. Snoring can be a symptom of sleep apnea, which is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep. The difficult breathing leads to decreased blood oxygen, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The condition affects about 18 million adults in the United States and is most common among older, overweight men.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
True or False:During sleep, your brain rests.
False. Although the body rests, the brain remains very active. As the text indicates, the brain repairs and reorganizes itself and consolidates memories. The activity prepares us for alertness and peak functioning the next day.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
You cannot learn to function normally with one or two fewer hours of sleep than you need. True. Sleep need seems to be biological. Clearly,
children need more sleep than adults. Although most adults need eight hours to function at their best, our individual needs seem genetically determined. How does one determine one's unique sleep need? On a night you are not exhausted, try sleeping until you wake up on your own. If you feel rested, the length of time you slept provides a fairly accurate measure.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Boredom makes you feel sleepy, even if you have had enough sleep. False. When you feel bored, you may notice you
are sleepy. However, boredom, like a warm or dark room, does not cause sleepiness. Rather, it merely unmasks it.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body's need for sleep. True. Sleep seems as necessary to good health as
food and water, because sleep is an active process that contributes to health and alertness. Without it, our body builds up a sleep debt. Rest is no substitute.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Snoring is not harmful as long as it doesn't disturb others or wake you up False. Snoring may signal the presence of sleep
apnea that can be a life-threatening disorder. Those suffering from sleep apnea snore loudly and awaken repeatedly gasping for breath. Fortunately, there are effective treatments.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Everyone dreams nightly True. Every person dreams every night. There is, of
course, great variation in how much of our dreams we remember.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
The older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need. False. Sleep need remains unchanged throughout
adulthood. Although older people may wake more frequently and sleep less, their sleep need is no less than during young adulthood. Sleep difficulties are not a normal consequence of aging, although they are not uncommon.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Most people don't know when they are sleepy. True. Researchers have asked thousands of
respondents if they are sleepy, only to be told "no" just before the respondents fall asleep. Studies suggest that people are not good judges of whether or why they are sleepy. When driving, one should not assume that he or she can tough it out. If you are sleepy enough, you can fall asleep anywhere.
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Raising the volume of your radio will help you stay awake while driving. False. The only short-term solution is to pull over
and take a short nap or have a caffeinated drink. The better solution is prevention. Start out only after a good night's sleep. Loud radios fail to keep sleepy drivers alert (the same can be said of chew ing gum and open windows)
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Sleep disorders are mainly due to worry or psychological problemsFalse. Although stress may be an important reason for occasional insomnia, chronic sleep disorders have diverse causes. For example, sleep apnea is caused by obstruction of the airway during sleep. Narcolepsy, marked by daytime sleepiness and sud den sleep attacks, appears to be genetic. No one yet knows the reasons for restless legs syndrome in which creepy, crawly feelings arise in the legs and are relieved, momentarily, by movement
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
The human body never adjusts to night shift work.True. We have a circadian, or 24-hour, rhythm. This rhythm, which determines when we feel sleepy and when we feel alert, is set by light and dark cycles. When we travel across time zones, the light and dark cycles change and our circadian rhythm adjusts. For those working a night shift, the light and dark cycle does not change, so the rhythm does not adjust. Regardless, we are most likely to feel sleepy between midnight and 6 A.M. No matter how long you work a night shift, sleeping during the day remains a challenge. Shift workers in particular should avoid caffeine during the last half of the day, block out noise and light at bedtime, and stay away from alcohol and alerting activities before bedtime. Studies of shift workers reveal that the manipulation of light [perhaps even light to the back of the knee] helps reset our biological clocks
The National Sleep Foundation's Sleep IQ Test
Most sleep disorders go away, even without treatment False. Sleep disorders do not disappear without treatment.
Treatment may be behavioral (e.g., avoiding alcohol before bedtime and losing weight for victims of sleep apnea), pharmaceutical, surgical, or some combination. Allowing a sleep disorder to go untreated worsens the quality of life and can even lead to accident and death.