TITLE OF PROJECT:IMPROVING WATER SECURITY AND SANITATION AMONGST MARGINALISED COMMUNITIES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF INDIA AND NEPAL COUNTRY:INDIA,NEPAL Interim Project Report (June 2013 to December 2013) For submission to Viva con Agua Welthungerhilfe Project Number: AS 1561 Project Duration: 1/07/2012 to 31/12/2015 Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e.V., Friedrich‐ Ebert‐Str. 1 , 53173 Bonn www.welthungerhilfe.de
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TITLE OF PROJECT: IMPROVING WATER SECURITY AND SANITATION AMONGST MARGINALISED COMMUNITIES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF INDIA AND NEPAL
COUNTRY: INDIA, NEPAL
Interim Project Report (June 2013 to December 2013)
For submission to
Viva con Agua
Welthungerhilfe Project Number: AS 1561
Project Duration: 1/07/2012 to 31/12/2015
Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e.V., Friedrich‐ Ebert‐Str. 1 , 53173 Bonn
www.welthungerhilfe.de
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1. Project aim Same as mentioned earlier
2. Method of Implementation Same as mentioned earlier
3. Results of Project Implementation The major results/achievements of the project since its completion of one and a half years are as follows:
1. Community based organizations have been established in the form of WASH committees in each of the project village of Nepal and India.
2. Base line situational analyses of the project areas have been completed. 3. The community led total sanitation approach has led to people taking up actions to combat
against the scourge of open defecation. The number of toilets has also gone up with house‐holds accessing government schemes to construct the same. Community members have al‐so taken up constructing toilets on their own initiative. Additionally a number of training exercises and IEC activities were conducted such as rallies, street plays, and wall posters to promote household hygiene and other related WASH issues. Access to drinking water has improved within the project areas through construction of mini water supply schemes and spring protection techniques in Nepal and that of raised platforms in India. Proper water testing of drinking water sources and installation of low cost filtering techniques at house‐hold level has also improved the quality of drinking water in the project areas.
4. Several hamlets, both in Nepal and India, are now completely open defecation free indicat‐ing a strong behavioral change.
The project has been progressing according to the proposed indicators. The utilization of the budget is on the lower side mainly because the project concentrated on `soft’ activities as building up ca‐pacities of CBOs and local people in the initial years of the project implementation. Funds have also been mobilised through individual contribution and government support. The following activities were conducted in the reporting period from July 2013 to December 2013 to obtain desired results Result 1: Community‐based institutions for water management are formed and strengthened Situation analysis: A rigorous base line survey has been conducted both in India and Nepal. In the last reporting period a summary of the findings from Indian partners were shared. The present sec‐tion reports on Nepal. The reports of KAP survey (Knowledge Awareness and Practice) of all the three VDCs namely Gelu, Korak and Siddhakali have been finalized. Some of the salient findings are as follows: Drinking Water and Sanitation:
• More than 50% of the community members are drinking water from unsafe sources. • Only 45% people know about traditional water purification methods. • More than 60% of the drinking water sources are polluted. • Only 50% of the water containers used for storing drinking water are clean and only 40%
are properly closed. Toilet and Sanitation
• Only 1/3rd people realize the importance of toilet. • More than 50% of the toilets are pit latrine type and majority of these are poorly lit and lack
privacy. Personal Hygiene
• 60% of the community members wash hands after defecation.
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• 40% of the community washes hands with only water and 14% with mud and water. A small percentage of 21% of the people wash hands with soap.
• 44% of the people brush their teeth daily and only 31% of the people cut nails once a week. Waste Management
• Nearly 50% and 56% of the households dispose livestock waste and decomposable kitchen respectively into cattle manure heap. Around 66% of the households complained that their adjoining areas are not cleaned.
• Less than 50% of the people are aware that flies transmit disease. Improved Cooking Stove
• More than 93% of the households use traditional cooking stoves for cooking. • 75% of the households don’t have separate kitchen due to lack of awareness and resources
to construct. Strengthening of Community Based Organizations (CBOs): Several trainings were conducted to strengthen and galvanize formation of community based institutions to enable the community to access entitlements. CBOs are seen as a viable mechanism to ensure sustainability of the activities beyond the project period. Some of the trainings conducted between July to December 2013 with WASH committees and SHGs (Self Help Group) formed last year are as below:
SGVK 7 108 67 175 Role and responsibility of group members
Leadership Training SGVK 1 33 0 33 leadership development of community leaders and orienting them towards WASH
Training on WASH to CBOs
GPSVS 7 22 239 259 Good and bad practices of sanitation and hygiene
WASH awareness training to Student ,teachers and SMCs
RRN 6 132 Hand washing, personal Hygiene , waste manage‐ment etc.
Name of the event
Organi‐sation
Cover‐age
Content Duration
Jal Sambad Yatra (Dialogue on Wa‐
ter)
SGVK 15 villages
21st December to 24th December
Street play ,poster ,pamphlet to create mass awareness on water and sanitation
Rally on WASH with school chil‐dren
SGVK 15 villages
26th August to 27th August
Message on sanitation and Hygiene
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SGVK & GPSVS ‐Jal Samvad Yatra (Dialogue on water): Public rallies were organised in different villages of SGVK and GPSVS project areas. During the Jal Samwad Yatra (water dialogue rally) different communication tools such as street plays, folk songs, dialogues on water and hand bill distributions were used to raise awareness among the community members. Through these Jal Samwad Yatras, SGVK and GPSVS have reached out to 3000 and 1388 community members respectively . Some of the major impact of these rallies are as follows:
• The community members now show a more positive attitude towards village level cleanli‐ness and hygiene. In several places road side littered garbage was cleared during and after the rallies
• Results of water testing from tube wells were shared and good and bad water sources were demarcated.
• The concept of Matka filters (Pitcher filter ) was popularized among villagers. There has been a rise in peoples’ demand to purchase the same.
• Waste management has improved a lot in the villages • All the teachers strongly felt the need of sanitation and hygiene education in schools. • Demonstrations on hand washing were held for students during the rally.
SGVK‐Rally on WASH with School children: SGVK organised three separate rallies covering all the villages from three Panchyats namely Sirma, Kishunpur and Uttaki from 26th to 28th August 2013. The students were at the forefront of these events along with villagers. A total of 710 villagers had participated in these rallies organized by the WASH committees at their respective villages. Slogans for water, sanitation and health were used and hand bills were distributed for awareness generation. GPSVS‐Training on Rights based Approach: GPSVS organized 15 trainings on rights based ap‐proaches in the villages and sensitized people about their rights and entitlements. It was a begin‐ner’s level training where emphasis was given on different Government programmes and entitle‐ments on WASH such as the Total Sanitation Campaign and Nimal Bharat Abhijan. Result 2: Access to safe and potable drinking water is improved RRN‐Mini drinking water supply scheme: The baseline survey revealed that access to drinking wa‐ter at the project locations of Nepal was very poor. Women would spend long hours to fetch even a single pot of water, which created uneven workloads between them and the men. Due to lack of potable water personal hygiene and sanitation was also very poor. Given the situation the WASH project decided to begin three drinking water sub‐projects in Nepal. The statuses of the sub‐projects are as follows: • Sano Bhulke Drinking Water Supply Scheme has been completed and it covered the villages of
Sidhakali‐8 and Tupuwa. • 90% of the project work has been completed for Kalikhola drinking water supply Scheme for
Korak‐9 and Kalikhola village. • Aaitabare Drinking Water Supply sub‐project for Gelu‐3 and Ramechhap villages has been initi‐
ated. RRN‐Spring protection: The point source protection subproject at Siddhakali (Neupane dhara point source protection sub‐project, Shiddhakali‐1) has been completed. The site for Dumrekhadi point source protection has been selected. Trainings on Water Testing:
Jal Sambad Yatra GPSVS 17 villages
30th September to 2nd October
Message on temporary rain water harvesting , water treatment ,safe
hygiene practices
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SGVK: In this reporting period, SGVK conducted trainings on water testing for 23 members. Partici‐pants learnt testing of 12 parameters such as iron, chlorine, fluoride, ammonium, TDS etc. Post training, eight of the participants are now successfully conducting water testing. Water sources from six villages have been tested. In two places high fluoride content was observed. The tube wells were marked and villagers have applied for new tube wells connections at different locations. GPSVS: The base line survey revealed that a large number of people from the project villages of Bihar suffered from water born diseases. After proper training on water testing, the trained com‐munity workers tested all 12 parameters of 171 drinking water sources. Out of 171 tested samples 131 contained iron more than 3 ppm which was much higher than WHO permissible limit of iron in drinking water (less than 0.3ppm). There is also problem related to ammonia contamination which was found at 106 samples out of 171. The graph indicates the iron and ammonium contamination at different project Panchayats of Bihar project locations.
RRN: A one‐day orientation training on water quality testing was conducted at Korak VDC. The members of WASH action committees, children, youth clubs and village WASH committee members participated in the training. Installation of Pitcher filter/ bio sand filters: In this reporting period trainings and demonstrations of pitcher filters were done at several places of GPSVS and SGVK project areas whereas RRN from Nepal demonstrated the bio sand filter. There has been an interest within the community members to purchase these low cost pitcher filters. SGVK &GPSVS ‐Training on Hand pump repairing: At both the project locations of India, a cadre of bare foot technicians was set up among WASH committee members by imparting trainings on hand pump repairing. GPSVS trained 112 women and 12 men through 3 trainings. These women are now capable of rectifying minor problems, where earlier they were dependent on local technicians. SGVK trained 33 men through 2 consecutive trainings. In the reporting period SGVK reported that 30 hand pumps were repaired by the trainees. GPSVS‐ Exposure and training on temporary rain water harvesting: In the flood affected areas of Bihar drinking water problem becomes worst during the rainy season as the water layer comes near the ground level resulting in bacteriological contamination. To cope with this problem GPSVS demonstrated models of temporary and permanent rain water harvesting at IWRM project areas. Villagers from the WASH project location were given exposure on the activities of IWRM project. After the exposure visit temporary rain water harvesting models were demonstrated. Result 3‐ Hygiene and sanitation practices of target group are improved Awareness and training programmes on WASH: All three organisations have conducted several awarness programmes either through video shows at villages or through meetings and camps at villages. These awarness programmes have a direct impact on changing the overall awarness on
0
50
100
150
200
Saini Dharmdiha
Total Number of Sample
Ammonia
Iron
total Samaple
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sanitation and hygiene . During these camps the information regarding the Government schemes was shared. Students were mobilized to create awareness within their family members on hand‐washing and took part in various extra‐curricular activities such as quiz contests, celebration of different days with various activities on water and sanitation. Over all WASH education in terms of sanitation and hygiene education and knowledge on Government schemes has increased .
Name of the event Organi‐sation
No of Event
Participants Content Male Fema‐
le Total
WASH training to CBOs SGVK 4 42 32 74 Safe and unsafe water , hygiene be‐havior etc
Awareness Camp at village
SGVK 4 189 139 328 Hygiene behavior
Video Show at village to promote sanitation
SGVK 4 All Villagers WASH related video
Awareness campaign with SHGs
GPSVS 20 All SHG members Regular training to all 20 SHGs on WASH
Rallies on WASH RRN 5 All project villages Cultural event on sanitation
Hand Washing Demonstration
RRN 8 School children and teaches
Hand Washing prac‐tices
Competition on sanita‐tion at school
RRN 6 Scholl children, teachers and school management
committees
quiz contest, speech competition etc. on WASH
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS): RRN, Nepal: most of the 12 sub‐activities proposed under CLTS campaign have been already com‐pleted. Altogether 44 events on CLTS were conducted. Following activities under CLTS were con‐ducted during this year.
• Tools &Equipments (completed) • Demo latrine (On‐going) • Sanitation Mason training (two events completed and one is planned) • Notice board displaying sanitation activities (Completed) • Information display boards of NOD(Notice of default) (Completed) • Indicators of basic sanitized community (Completed) • Child club mobilization (continuing process) • Ignition PRA (completed) • Declaration cost (stage 1 and 2)‐ (not planed) • Sanitation Workshop (completed) • Journalist Observation Visit Cost (on‐going) • Certificates of appreciation (On‐going)
SGVK &GPSVS, India : At both the locations of India separate refresher trainings of the trainers were organized within the reporting period . After a fruitful refreshing training and demonstration on CLTS triggering, GPSVS organized 5 CLTS events at different villages of Bihar wherein 291 villag‐ers participated. SGVK organized trainings for 4 villages. Some of the impacts of CLTS are as follows:
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• In Jharkhand two villages and two hamlets are now free from open defecation which im‐plies that 100% of the community members are using toilets.
• In Bihar two hamlets are free from open defecation. • Communities are united in taking action against any one going out in the open in the de‐
clared open defecation free villages. RRN‐Exposure visit for community representatives and political leaders: One exposure visit was organized for community representatives and political leaders to initiate total sanitation at their VDCs. During these events people shared the process of ODF declaration. SGVK &GPSVS‐Celebration of open defecation free villages: The project celebrated two events‐ one each at Jharkhand and Bihar. Through these events a sense of pride was generated among the villagers. At GPSVS, women volunteers were at the forefront in bringing about changes in the villag‐es. WASH committee members from nearby villages were invited and villagers demarcated the areas they freed from open defecation. GPSVS‐School Led Total Sanitation (SLTS): In this reporting period GPSVS organized 3 SLTS programmes in different schools where 576 children and 23 teachers participated. In this programme, awareness on sanitation and hygiene was generated among children and teachers through drawing and writing competition. Many teachers appreciated the initiatives on WASH and promised to keep the school surroundings clean. They also committed to promote sanitation and hygiene education in the schools. Through SLTS, WASH monitoring committees were formed at schools. Regular follow up triggered the children to motivate their parents to construct the low cost latrine in their homes. The impact until December 2013 :
• Teachers and students have been mobilized on school hygiene and sanitation and are discussing sanitation issues with concern.
• The students are practicing hand washing with more regularity • Some students purchased soaps from their tiffin expenses and kept it in their pocket to
use it during school time • Children have shown a keen interest in changing
sanitation practices at their houses by influencing their parents to construct toilets.
• The hygiene standards of the school campuses have improved.
RRN: Rewards and recognition for students: Altogether 18 students were rewarded at schools of Siddhakali, Gelu and Korak VDCs. The students were recognized for contribution in WASH activities and maintaining personal hygiene at their own schools. RRN‐ Training on improved cooking stoves (ICS): Altogether 228 women and men participated in the training session on ICS. After the training several people adopted ICS at their houses. RRN‐External materials support for ultra‐poor households for toilet construction: The distribution of external sanitation materials for ultra‐poor households was conducted in consultation with the village WASH committee. Till now, 700 sets of WASH materi‐als have been dispatched to district offices and 411 HHs have already had constructed toilets in Gelu and Korak. Altogether 800 HHs were targeted for distribution of external materials for construction of toilets but due to restriction in subsidy distribution in Siddhakali VDC from Government of Nepal the target has not been achieved as yet.
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Result 4‐ Capacities of Welthungerhilfe and partner staff in WASH and advocacy for community rights are improved India‐Training on PHAST: Welthungerhilfe along with GPSVS organized the Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST) training at Bihar. All the staff members from both the pro‐ject locations in India trained on the tool and field practices. The training emphasized on sanitation practices, communication methodology, disease transmission route identification and breaking the transmission path. Nepal ‐Four‐day training on bio‐sand filter construction: The technical staff (Sub‐Engineer and Assistant Sub‐Engineer) of WHH supported projects participated in the training session. After the training bio‐sand filter demonstration was organized by RRN project team at Siddhakali and Korak village. GPSVS‐Government Linkages : In this reporting period GPSVS completed the micro planing on water and sanitation for all the villages and submitted it to the Panchayt for approval. At the same time WASH commitee and Mahila Mandal submitted different applications to PRIs (Panchayat Raj Institutions) for implementation. At GPSVS, the following activities were completed through Government mobilization :
• Out of 2781 applications given for toilet construction, 119 toilets construction were completed and 206 are under process through the Goverment.
• Re‐excavation of 3 ponds at Jagatpur and Laxena has been completed through MGNERGA costing INR 1,85,000.
• Twelve tube wells at Dharmdiha and 3 at Saini Panchayat were completed costing INR 108000 pertubewell .
SGVK‐Goverment Linkages :The following activities were completed as a result of advocacy at Jharkhand: Name of the activity No of
Drain construction 400 ft Jaimaran Patra 195,900 Dugwell construction 3 Amwa 645,000
RRN‐Workshop to develop WASH community action plan: The project team facilitated micro planning on sanitation in all the three VDCs involving the committee members. During the meeting a micro plan for the concerned VDC was prepared which included the plan of action, roles and re‐sponsibilities of the different organizations (VDC, RRN and other I/NGOs). India‐ Jal Jan Jodo Campaign (People’s Water Alliance): As mentioned earlier a national level cam‐paign was launched on restoration of traditional water bodies (tanks, rivers etc) and re‐establishment of people’s right over these water bodies. The WASH project is partially supporting the national campaign headed by eminent social worker and Magsaysay award winner Rajender Singh‐ also called the Water Man of India. State wise launching of the movement is given below: Kerala: The campaign was launched from the proposed site of Ocean Water Research Plant at Kan‐nur, Kerala. State ministers of rural development and agriculture encouraged the forum and decided to prioritize campaign agenda and initiate water literacy in the state. Tamil Nadu: The campaign was initiated with a dialogue on the dispute of Bharthapuzha River be‐tween Government and farmers of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
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Karnataka: The water practitioners of the state launched the campaign from Arkavati and Ku‐mudavati rivers and met with the state minister of rural development and convinced him for reno‐vation of 12,000 ponds suffering of drought. Andhra Pradesh: The top priority issue of power plant at River Paina was highlighted for revival of river Paina. Bihar: A group of civil society activists or water warriors constituted the state core team under the guidance and presence of waterman Sri Rajendra Singh and decided to conduct a research study for redefining existing Bihar water policy to rejuvenate water structures. Jharkhand: In presence of representatives from all agro‐climatic zones of Jharkhand, representa‐tives of corporate sector, state ground water board, media and NGO networks an equitable distri‐bution plan of water for agriculture, industries, water bottling plants and households was shared. Uttar Pradesh: A Jal Yatra (Water Rally) was organized in Bundelkhand regions, covering 7 drought prone districts, followed by sharing of the concept of the campaign with the state Chief Minister. Madhya Pradesh: A state level conclave was organized with all the stakeholders such as the gov‐ernment, academicians, media, bureaucrats followed by placement of issues with the Chief Secre‐tary. Rajasthan: River based organizations of the youth were formed in the catchment of rivulet Sarsa & Arvari including 15000 students from 100 schools. Uttarakhand: The campaign associated itself with Sri G. D. Agarwal's fast‐unto‐death for the issues of protection of River Ganges, where the rationale and aftermath of the recent tragedy was scruti‐nized. Peoples centered advocacy initiatives through the JJJ campaign: Jhanshi/ MP: Volunteers of the campaign organized an eleven day Shramdaan (labor contribution) program to clean Lakshmi Bai pond, situated in the heart of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh. This 84 acre pond was famous for its crystal clear water and beautiful old temples. These are now totally pollut‐ed because of industrial waste and dumping of city garbage. With an overall aim to rejuvenate the lake, civil society organizations, social workers, students, local citizens, government officials, etc. have come forward to clean the pond jointly. Raising issue of polluting mountain range of Himalaya: Followed by the recent Uttarakhand trage‐dy, on 22 August at Dehradun and 22 September at Srinagar, meetings were conducted for restora‐tion of Himalaya mountains. Experts have highlighted that reconstruction and resettlement of the valleys necessitates review of the industrial and hydro‐electrical s which endangers the area. Public Hearing On 7 Sep 2013 a "Public Hearing on Status of Rivers" was held at Jawaharlal Nehru Yuva Kendra, New Delhi. Former Chief Justice Venkat Chellaiah, Senior Advocate of Supreme Court, Shri Rajiv Dhawan, Sanjay Parick, M. C. Mehta and Shri Rajendra Singh chaired the hearing. The issue of illegal mining of sand from the rivers of Bundelkhand region was highlighted. Answering to these issues raised by farmers, the juries have informed that a case has been lodged with the Na‐tional Green Tribunal recently. Former Chief Justice informed that a central committee has been constituted and inspected the issue.
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4. Project Finances
5. Appraisement
Intervention logic Objectively verifiable indicators of achievement
Our Appraisement
Overall Objective
To contribute to improved water security and commu‐nity health (MDGs 1 and 7) in selected states of India and Nepal and to comple‐ment Government policies and programmes.
• Percentage of total households in the area that have access to safe and potable water increases by 10%
• Percentage of total households in the area that have improved health and hygiene increases by 10%
• Community awareness regarding WASH increases by 70%
• Has improved a lot as wa‐ter testing gave them knowledge about the right sources. Installation of new tube well by Govern‐ment and repairing by community worker im‐proved access
• Raised platform for tube well in India and mini water supply scheme in Nepal improved access to safe drinking water
• Proper drainage facility for drinking water source im‐proved water quality
• Pitcher filter helped to improve quality of drinking water
Specific Objectives
1) Water, sanitation and hygiene practices of the community in selected areas of Nepal and India are im‐proved 2) Processes and mechanisms for community management of water relat‐ed resources are institution‐
Over a period of 4 years in selected Gram Panchayats & VDCs: • Water borne diseases have re‐
duced by 30% at the village level • 60% people in target villages are
aware of their rights and Govern‐ment entitlements, especially
• Families using safe drinking water sources reported re‐duction in water borne dis‐eases.
• 50% of the villagers are aware about the Govern‐ment Programmes.
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alized and access to enti‐tlements is increased.
those related to water. • Implementation of the water re‐
lated Government pro‐grammes/schemes is enhanced by 30 % in the selected Panchayats in India
• 3 school toilets ,9 hand pump reinstallation, 3 dug wells ,3 pond excavation,15 new tube wells were done through Government mobi‐lization at India
• 129 house hold toilets were built by Government schemes in India
• 400ft drain constructed through Government mobi‐lization.
Expected Results
1‐Community‐based institu‐tions for water management are formed and strength‐ened
Over a period of 4 years in selected Gram Panchayats & VDCs: • WASH Committees have prepared
their Community Water Manage‐ment Plans and submitted for ap‐proval to Gram Panchayats (India)
• Number of times water related issues are raised at VDC/GP/ Block/ District level forums increases by at least 80%
• At 90% of water related issues at village/ Gram Panchayat/VDC level, equity concerns are effectively voiced by WASH Committees
• WASH committee’s have been formed in all the vil‐lages
• WASH committee in Bihar have prepared the plan and submitted to Panchayat
• WASH committees raising their voice for good sanita‐tion such as school toilet, proper plat form for tube wells. Nearly 5000 applica‐tions have been given to the Government for toilet constructions from two states of India
2. Access to safe and pota‐ble drinking water is im‐proved
Over a period of 4 years in selected Gram Panchayats & VDCs: • Access to safe drinking water for
target beneficiaries improved by 30% from the base line
• All the water sources in target vil‐lages are tested for water quality parameters and data is available in the records
• Base line report for all the sources for drinking water is prepared
• Water testing is going on • Access to drinking water
improved by approximately 10%
3 Hygiene and Sanitation practices of target group are improved
Over a period of 4 years in selected Gram Panchayats & VDCs: • 50% of the target village population
is aware about good hygiene prac‐tices
• Percentage of people in target villages using latrines goes up by 20%.
• 50% of school children in target villages have clear understanding of good hygiene practices
• 60% villagers are aware about good hygiene prac‐tices
• Two full villages and four hamlets of India are free from open defecation and at another four villages 40% people are using toi‐lets
• At Nepal altogether 997 water‐sealed toilets have
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been constructed in Gelu, Korak and Siddhakali VDCs
• 60% students are aware about hygiene practices.
4 Capacities of Welthun‐gerhilfe and partner staff in WASH and advocacy for community rights are im‐proved
Over a period of 4 years in selected Gram Panchayats & VDCs: • In India, at the Block level, Govern‐
ment authorities have taken up 30% of the Community Water man‐agement plans for implementation through different programmes.
• 50% of the target population is aware about water as a right and other entitlements related to water.
• National level campaign has been launched to ad‐vocate for community wa‐ter rights
• At Block level rallies were organized to sensitized people on water right
6. Project Tales
Drinking water supply by spring protection techniques at Kalikhola village of Nepal Kalikhola is a small village of Korak VDC of Nepal. There are altogether 17 households with a total population of 120 belonging to very poor families of Tamang, Chepang and Dalit caste. People of Kalikhola depend on a stream near their village for fetching drinking water which was heavily con‐
taminated. Most of the children and women suffer from water borne diseases as they don’t have proper drinking water facilities .Even though they repeatedly put in their demand for a project on drinking water at the VDC’s office they were never given priority because of their small num‐bers. Due to lack of water facilities at their village they could not construct toilets and would defe‐cate in the open. This year, the farmers’ group decided to put in their demand to RRN for drink‐ing water scheme committing around 50 percent from their own contributions. They were also ready to contribute for unskilled labors and for
some parts of skilled labor. Finally they agreed to collect NPR 900 per household (NPR 15,300 in total) for cash contribution to complete the drinking water project. They also agreed to construct toilets at their houses. Finally the subproject was sanctioned for a total budget of NPR 887,779 of which NPR 416,500 came from community contribution. They participated in various trainings and orienta‐tion programs on sanitation under WASH project. Most of them actively participated in CLTS trigger‐ing. The WASH project partially provided support to construct toilet for two households where as other families constructed toilets from their own resources. Now the villagers are hopeful of changing their fate. Pan Bahadur Tamang, Chairperson of the drinking water supply scheme shared his joy say‐ing “Now onwards we will be getting rid of water
DWS Kalikhola under construction
Kalikhola Tap‐stand
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born diseases”. He further said that the community contribution was so impressive and encouraging that they were nearing the completion of the drinking water scheme in a very short period of time.
Ruby Devi and her women’s group free the village from open defecation Ruby Devi from Amuaja Pandit Tola constructed low cost latrine and influenced others to do the same after the Community Led Total Sanitation exer‐cises in the village fired up their imagination. Amuja Pandit tola is a hamlet of the Amuaja village where all residents used to go for open defecation till six months back and this was normal for the village. Ruby Devi, 25, lives with her two kids as her husband migrates to the city for livelihood. Not having a toilet was terribly inconvenient, especially during the night and in the rainy season. When the WASH team came to her village and con‐ducted exercises on CLTS she came to know about the No‐Cost latrine and its uses. She was convinced that this would make her life easier and took the initiative to construct it at her home. Now she and her family are using it regularly. The initi‐ative was soon taken up by members of her Women’s Self Help Group. They saw the usefulness of the latrine and went on to construct their own. As a result within one month all her neighboring women also made no cost latrines. Now Amuaja Pandit tola residents praise Ruby Devi and her women’s group for their initiative for freeing their hamlet from open defecation.
Toilet solves disputes with neighbours Satrughan is a rickshaw (cycle drawn public transport that carries 2‐3 people) puller from Jagatpur village. He lives with his wife and four children. They did not have any toilet which meant that his wife used to travel around one kilometer for attending nature’s call. His children used to defecate in the open near the house, which was a cause of quarrel with his neighbor. They desperately needed a toilet but their financial condition did not permit its construction. This year while conducting WASH Samvad Yatra (rallies on WASH), his cycle rickshaw was hired to transport things. As a part of the event the WASH team organized different activities in seventeen villages of Bihar. While the sanitation mapping was being undertaken in Dharmdiha Godhiyari village, he ob‐served the activities carefully. After the mapping, villagers were trained on how to make a low cost latrine. This struck a chord and he thought of making a toilet for his family. In the evening he asked WASH team members about the low cost latrine in detail and he kept one pamphlet with him. GPSVS finished the WASH Samvad Yatra on 2nd October and the next morning he came to office and asked for help to construct the latrine. WASH team visited his place and gave necessary instructions
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for the construction. He and his wife constructed the latrine following the steps. Influenced by this, his neighbors also made their own latrine and quarrels between them have been resolved.
WASH project helps Anguri Khatun to live with dignity Anguri Khatun, a 39 years old widow from Hasanpur village of Bihar lost her husband just after her marriage and was staying alone with her brother. Anguri Khatun lived alone most of the time as her brother used to work in the town for livelihood. She joined the Mahila Mandal (association of wom‐en) in 2009, and learned to save money for her future. As she had no toilet at her house she had to travel far for defecation. It was very difficult to get privacy during day time, because of which she was forced to hold back till evening, often causing her stomach ache. During night particularly in the rainy season things were very difficult. When the WASH team conducted the CLTS triggering in her village she could easily relate the issue with her health problems. Later the WASH team organized a training program on safe sanitation and hygiene practices. In that meeting, women learnt many things on safe sanitation and hygiene as well as about the low cost latrines. As a result twelve women went on to construct toilets in their house. This inspired Anguri Khatun to ask her aunt‐ Salaha Khatun‐ who is a WASH Com‐mittee Member, about the toilet and she decided to construct a toilet in her house. She had some bricks with which she made the walls and now she is planning to construct a proper toilet with help from the Government.
School premises freed from open defecation Upper Middle School (Manika) is situated in Kishunpur Panchayats of Jharkhand. The school is situ‐ated 30 K.M. away from District head quarter and 11 K.M. from the Block town. There are four teachers and 117 students in this school. There are two small school buildings, two hand pumps and one toilet in the school premises. There is no boundary wall for the school premises. Because of the open space, villagers used the school ground for defecation. Teachers and students repeatedly protested but to no avail. After the project interventions, the School management committee discussed the prob‐lem with the WASH committee and called a village meeting. In the meeting WASH staff used some triggering tools from CLTS training to convince the villagers not to defecate in the school ground and they assured their cooperation. After two weeks it again started and again a village meeting was called to solve the problem. Now responsibility was given to WASH Committee president Mr. Arvind Ram to monitor the case. He issued a notice in the village that anyone using the school area for defecation would be fined with INR 500 and the informer would be rewarded with INR 100. After this they stopped the practice and the school premises became clean. All the students are using toilets now. The students learned a lot on other practices of safe sanitation such as hand
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washing. Every day toilet and school campus is cleaned by students. The school head master and parents have expressed immense happiness over the change.
Transition of Dihariya to an Open Defecation Free (ODF) village Village Dihariya of Kishunpur Panchayat of Jharkhand falls under the most backward villages of the district. Wage earning is the only livelihood option for all 34 households of this village and most villagers are daily wage laborers. Whenever the WASH team visited the village for meeting, very low participation was observed. In April 2013 SGVK conducted a CLTS triggering exercise, but the at‐tendance was very low. People in the village used to spend more than 35 to 45% of their income on
medicines but were still indiffer‐ent to sanitation and water is‐sues. In the month of September 2013 refresher training on CLTS was organized for the trainers which sensitized them tremen‐dously. After the training trigger‐ing was done in this village but this time it worked wonders and for the first time villages accepted the need to address WASH issues. The SGVK team had used five tools of triggering such as health issues, expenses on treatment, self respect and security of wom‐en, which struck a chord amongst people. They agreed to construct
latrines and to stop open defecation. WASH team did follow up through village meeting every Sun‐day and emphasis was given on strengthening the local WASH Committee. Through phone they kept in regular touch and followed up on progress. Now people have constructed low cost pit latrines and no one goes out for defecation. Everyone is happy as disease has infestation came down and they are saving their money which they have to spend on medicines. Now villagers proudly invite other people, saying, ’please come to our village to see the changes we achieved within the last 4 months ‘.