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EU Mission of customs authorities
Protecting the financial interests of the Community and its Member
States;
Protecting the Community from unfair and illegal trade while
supporting legitimate business activities;
Ensuring the security and safety of the Community and its
residents, and the protection of the environment , where
appropriate in close cooperation with other authorities;
Maintaining a proper balance between customs controls and
facilitation of legitimate trade
Importance of import and export EU-ChinaCountry People
billionsTotalproductionUS DollarsBillions *
RatioDollars/person
ImportEU from Chinaeuros**Billions
ExportEU toChinaeuros**Billions
China 1.40 10400 7400 302(food 2 %)
165(food 4.7 %)
EU 0.508 18500 36400
USA 0.317 17600 55520
Netherlands 0.0168 866 51500
Norway 0,00516 511 99147
12 november 2015
• * Data IMF 2014
• ** Data EU DG trade 2014
EU trade with China
Indicator Unit Period Imports Exports
Last year BillionsEuros
2014 302 165
Rank as EU partner 2014 1 2*
Share in EU trade % 2014 17.9 9.7
Annual growth rate % 2013-2014 7.8 11.2
Annual averagegrowth rate
% 2010-2014 1.6 9.8
12 november 2015
•Data EU DG trade 2014
•* EU biggest exporter to China
12 november 2015
Testen
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Customs Laboratory
Customs Laboratory
Amsterdam
62 fte
• Three Chemical Departments
• Department of Quality and ICT
• Department of Support
14000 Samples a year
Quality system
• Accreditation according ISO 17025 since 1995
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Customs Laboratory
Principles Customs Administration
• Strengthening of the EU external border
• Fewer logistic delays
• Cooperation with the business community and
colleague enforcement services
• Risk Management: risk analysis and more extensive intelligence
Procedures
In the country of origin:
• Food is checked by the health authorities of the country of origin.
• The country of origin provides a health certificate for the goods
• This certificate is necessary to enter the EU with the goods
Food from non-veterinary origin for human consumption
Food from veterinary origin for human consumption
Feed from non-veterinary origin for animals
Process steps declaration
•20 •
• Entry summary declaration (ENS)• Risk analysis and selection• Electronic Pre notification of manifest data (48 hours before
arriving of vessel)• Electronic summarized declaration (SAL)• Risk analyses en selection
Procedures
In the EU:
• 24 hours before arrival of the goods, the arrival must be notified in
the system of the Netherland Food- and Product Safety Authority
(NVWA)
• Comparison with the Customs system tells us if all of the food is
notified by the importers
• If not, the NVWA will be informed by the Customs
• All of the notified goods are included in the risk assessment and part
will be further checked by the NVWA and/or Customs
Three sorts of inspections
• Documentary checks (Customs)
• Identity checks (food and product safety authority)
• Physical checks (food and product safety authority)
6 november 2015
Regulations
The basic regulation is regulation 2002/178
• General principles and requirements of food law
• Establishing the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA)
• Rapid Alert System
• Laying down procedures in matters of food safety
• Emergency measures for food and feed of Community
origin or imported from a third country (example: Fukushima)
Regulations
Regulation 2004/882:
• On official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules.
• Gives the rules to work with the basic principles of Regulation 2002/178 (Control systems of the NVWA like VGC/CLIENT)
25
Role EU-Customs Laboratories in food inspection
• For Customs Laboratories no specific task in Food Safety
• Dangerous foods encountered however in control of Medicines Act
- Food Supplements declared to contain pharmaceutical substances
- “Food Supplements” adulterated with pharmaceutical substances – predominantly herbal preparations
- Foods (coffee, tea, drinks) adulterated with pharmaceutical substances
Role of the EU Customs Laboratoriesfood supplements
Examples
Food supplements
• energy boosters – DMAA, stimulants
• cognitive /mood enhancers – vinpocetine, nootropics
• muscle growth – levodopa, designer steroids,
• relaxants – melatonin, picamilon
Herbal supplements and foods
• sexual stimulants (sildenafil, tadalafil, dapoxetine, ..)
• slimming products (sibutramine, phenolphthalein, spironolactone, fluoxetine, ..)
27
Analytical techniques
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) identification
• Mainly GCMS, ESI-MSMS, FTIR, NMR
• XRF, optical rotation, APCI-MSMS, TGA,
Quantification of API’s
• required for determination of legislation (Medicines Act versus Warenwet)
• GC-FID, quantitative NMR (internal standard), LC-DAD-MS(MS)
28
Number of violating samples 2013 & 2014
29
Category 2013 2014
Herbal supplements & foods 101 (216.400 units) 50
Food Supplements 59 (568.000 units) 24
Food safety
• Additives
• Food Contaminants• Heavy metals
• 3-MCPD
• Acrylamide
• Mycotoxins
• PAH compounds
• Furan
• Nitrate
• Phthalate
• Solvents
• Pesticide residues
• Food contact materials
• Food crimes
• Microbes
• Genetically Modified Organisms in food (GMO)
• Use of radiation
• Labelling
• Added vitamins
• Composition, novelty food
• Health claims
• Radioactivity
• Allergens
Finnish Customs LaboratoryKalevi Siivinen 30
Finnish Customs Laboratory, EU national reference laboratory
Vegetables, fruits, cereals :
– pesticide
– heavy metals
– mycotoxins
– GMO
– food contact materials
Kalevi Siivinen Finnish Customs Laboratory 31
Food Samples Non-complying Notified Non-complying +
Notified
Import 3. country 1299 169 13.0 % 141 10.9 % 310 19.0 %
Internal market 2030 113 5.6 % 189 9.3 % 302 14.9 %
Total 3329 282 8.5% 330 9.9 % 612 18.4 %
Consumer goods Samples Non-complying Notified Non-complying +
Notified
Import 3. country 2125 203 9.6 % 205 9.6 % 408 19.2 %
Internal market 322 28 8.7 % 50 15.5 % 78 24.2 %
Total 2447 231 9.5 % 255 10.4 % 486 19.9 %
Kalevi Siivinen Finnish Customs Laboratory 32
Results 2014
Foods examined in Finnish Customs Laboratory 2014
Finnish Customs LaboratoryKalevi Siivinen 33
Food categoryNumber of
lotsRejected
Rejected
%
Fruit, berries and vegetables 1376 67 4,9
Nuts and almonds 176 9 5,1
Processed foods (soups, broths, canned,
candies, juices etc.) 566 53 9,4
Cereals and bakery products 324 23 7,1
Spices and seasonings 224 37 16,5
Tea, coffee, cocoa 187 29 15,5
Food supplements, baby food, special diets 209 35 16,7
Other 267 29 10,9
Total 3329 282 8,5
Finnish Customs LaboratoryKalevi Siivinen 34
Consumer goods examined in Finnish Customs Laboratory 2014
Finnish Customs Laboratory
Samples Rejected Rejected %
Tableware, food contact
material
665 31 4.7
Toys 815 109 13.4
Textiles 491 26 5.3
Articles used in direct
contact with the skin
(nickel-test)
192 17 8.9
Cosmetics 144 34 23.6
Others 140 14 10.3
Total 2447 231 9.4
Kalevi Siivinen 35
Conclusions
6 november 2015 [email protected]
EU Customs and EU Food Inspection Authorities perform the food and feed inspection together
EU Food Inspection laboratories do the majority of the chemical analyses
EU Customs Laboratories have a specific role in the control of food supplements and control of medicines act
All EU Customs Laboratories are member of the CLEN (Customs Laboratories European Network)
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