Food and Energy Ecology II
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Food and Energy
Ecology II
Food Chain
Diagram that shows how matter and energy move
through an ecosystem
Direction of Arrow
“” means “gets eaten by”, shows the direction energy
flows
Algae zooplankton small fish heron alligator
Trophic Level
Feeding level of organism, the energy level
Each organism represents a trophic level
Organisms can occupy more than one trophic level if they eat
more than 1 type of food
Food Web
Multiple food chains with organisms occupying multiple
trophic levels
Arrow
shows
the flow
of energy
Most energy is at the
bottom
2 2
Food chains and food webs
They represent the ways matter and energy can be
transferred in an ecosystem
#1 Energy source is …
SUN!
Sunlight is what drives photosynthesis
How do we show how energy is used in an
ecosystem?
Use ecological pyramid as a model to show the energy
flow
Rule of Energy
As you increase trophic levels you lose energy. Only 10%
of energy is transferred from one organism to the next.
5th trophic level
4th trophic level
3rd trophic level
2nd trophic level
1st trophic level
Scavengers &
Decomposers = 4th heterotroph
Carnivore that eats
carnivores = 3rd heterotroph
= 2nd heterotroph
= 1st heterotroph
= autotroph
Carnivore that eats
herbivore
Herbivore eats plants
Plants
3rd consumer
2nd consumer
1st consumer
producer
1000
1
10
100
•Only 10% energy
goes up
•Rest is used for
movement,
metabolism, heat
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