FINLAND IN FIGURES 2017
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ISSN 2242−8496 (pdf)ISBN 978−952−244−577−3 (pdf) ISSN 0357−0371 (print)ISBN 978−952−244−576−6 (print)Product number 3056 (print)
FINLAND IN FIGURES 2017
FOLLOW US – NEWS NOTIFICATIONS, SOCIAL MEDIA”
STATISTICS FINLAND− Produces statistics on a variety of areas in society− Promotes the use of statistical data− Supports decision-making based on facts− Creates preconditions for research GUIDANCE AND INFORMATION SERVICE+358 29 551 [email protected] www.stat.fi
“
Taskut_2017_pdf.indd 3 2.6.2017 13:05:43
Contents and Sources
Finland Before and Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Population Register Centre; vrk.fi, Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi, Finnish Coffee Roasters Association; kahvi.fi
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Sources: Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira; evira.fi
Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Culture and the Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Sources: Ministry of Education and Culture; minedu.fi, The National Library of Finland; nationallibrary.fi, MediaAuditFinland Oy; mediaauditfinland.fi, Finnish Film Foundation; ses.fi, National Board of Antiquities; nba.fi, Theatre Info Finland; tinfo.fi
Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Elections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Energy; energia.fi
Enterprises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Environment and Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Land Survey of Finland;maanmittauslaitos.fi, Finnish Environment Institute; ymparisto.fi, Finnish Meteorological Institute; fmi.fi, Ministry of the Environment; ym.fi, Metsähallitus; metsa.fi
Financing and Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Bank of Finland; bof.fi, NASDAQ OMX Helsinki Ltd.; nasdaqomxnordic.com
Government Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Ministry of Finance; vm.fi, Ministry of Foreign Affairs; formin.fi
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, The National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi
Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Income and Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Natural Resources Institute Finland; luke.fi, The National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi
Justice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Contents and Sources
Labour Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
National Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, National Land Survey of Finland; maanmittauslaitos.fi, Finnish Immigration Service; migri.fi, Ministry of Employment and the Economy; tem.fi
Prices and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Science, Technology and Information Society . . . . . . . . . 41Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
Social Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Sources: The National Institute for Health and Welfare; thl.fi, Finnish Centre for Pensions; etk.fi
Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Finnish Customs; tulli.fi
Transport and Tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Sources: Statistics Finland; stat.fi, Helsinki Region Transport; hsl.fi, VR Group Ltd; vrgroup.fi, Finnish Transport Agency; liikennevirasto.fi, Finavia Corporation; finavia.fi, Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi; trafi.fi
Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Source: Statistics Finland; stat.fi
International Comparison Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Sources: UN: Demographic Yearbook, UN: Population and Vital Statistics Report; unstats.un.org, Eurostat; ec.europa.eu/eurostat, CIA: The World Factbook; cia.gov, World Bank: World Development Indicators; worldbank.org, ILO: ILOSTATDatabase; ilo.org, OECD: Economic Outlook; oecd.org, IMF: World Economic Outlook; imf.org
Symbols
A break in the time series is indicated with a horizontal or vertical line. The data are not fully comparable.
Finland in Figures as online service: stat.fi/finlandinfigures
* preliminary data. category not applicable- magnitude nil
. . data not available or too uncertain for presentation, or subject to secrecy
3 134 300
POPULATION
5 503 297
43.4
49.1
LIFE EXPECTANCY years
BEFORE | NOW
78.4
84.1
MOST POPULAR FIRST NAME
ANNA
SOFIA
EINO
ONNI
SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD-
DWELLING UNITS persons/household-
dwelling unit
5.3 2.0
EXTREMELY OVER-
CROWDED DWELLINGS share of dwellings, %
0.531.0
CONSUMPTION
9.91.7 |
29.37.1 |
MATRICULATION
EXAMINATIONS
MARRIAGES
INDUSTRIAL STRUCTUREshare of persons working, %
FINLAND IN FIGURES
WE ALLARE STATISTICS
AUTOMOBILE STOCKnumber
DIVORCES
20 004 24 464 368 13 541
1922 | 2016
3 957 1531 754 |
1920 | 2016
1 128 | 30 617
| ||
Agriculture and forestry
Industry
Services and administration
70.1 11.510.9
|
|
|
4.1 21.873.7
SUGAR
1917 | 2016
1910–1919 | 2016
1917 | 2016
MEN
WOMEN
1917 | 2015per person, kg
COFFEE
1917 2015 1920 2015
1917 | 2015
|
|
NUMBER OF
ROOMSper dwelling, incl. kitchen
2.43.7
1917 2015
1911–1920 | 2016*
Sources: Statistics Finland, Population Register Centre, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finnish Coffee Roasters Association
*preliminary data
1917 | 2016
4 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery
Farms
Farms 1) Average Organic farms Average arablearable land area of anland area 1) % of organic farmha all farms ha
2010 59 483 39 3 939 6.1 43.42011 58 283 40 4 036 6.6 45.82012 55 816 41 4 260 7.2 46.42013 54 398 42 4 215 7.4 48.92014 52 775 43 4 180 7.9 50.92015 50 999 45 4 251 8.3 52.82016 50 388 45 4 415 8.8 54.5
1) Agricultural and horticultural enterprises
Production sectors of farms
Other production
Pig and poultry farming
Beef production 1)
Milk production
Crop production
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
20162011
1) Incl. other cattle farming
Livestock
1920 1950 2000 2010 2015 2016 1 000
Cattle 1 824 1 782 1 057 926 915 909Dairy cows 1 174 1 111 364 289 l 285 282
Pigs 374 446 1 296 1 367 1 235 1 235Poultry . . . . 12 570 9 587 12 021 13 411
Laying hens 888 3 381 l 3 110 3 394 3 521 3 662Broilers . . . . 7 918 4 616 6 993 8 175
Sheep 1 704 1 220 100 126 l 155 157Horses 391 409 58 74 74 74Reindeer . . 87 203 194 191 191
5Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery
Forest statistics
Forestry land (incl. protected areas) in 2009–2013 totalled 26.2 mil. ha, of which 53% was owned privately, 35% by the state, 7% by companies and 5% by others.The volume of growing stock was 2 356 mil. m3, of which 50% was pine, 30% spruce and 20% non-coniferous.
Increment and drain of the growing stock
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Drain
Increment (smoothed)
Mil. m3
-15
Industrial roundwood removals
Mil. m3
0
15
30
45
60
75
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016*
Total
Pulpwood
Logs
m3 = cubic metre, solid volume over bark
Catches of fish and production of fish farming
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Mil. kg
Commercial fishery 126.6 124.2 137.7 143.2 154.3 154.2Recreational fishery 29.2 1) 29.2 24.5 2) 24.5 28.6 3) 28.6 Food fish production 4) 11.8 11.3 12.7 13.6 13.5 14.9Total 167.6 164.7 174.9 181.3 196.3 197.61) 2010 – 2) 2012 – 3) 2013 – 4) Ungutted fish
6 Construction
ConstructionUnit 2014 2015 2016
Completed buildingsAll buildings mil. m3 33.62 30.89 31.24Residential mil. m3 11.63 10.70 10.61Commercial and office buildings mil. m3 4.79 5.10 5.66Industrial buildings and warehouses mil. m3 6.89 6.67 7.45Other mil. m3 10.30 8.41 7.51
Completed dwellings All dwellings number 29 262 28 410 30 234Detached houses number 8 347 7 666 7 109Attached houses number 3 515 3 432 3 629Blocks of flats number 17 125 17 101 18 892Other than residential buildings number 275 211 604
Volume index of newbuilding 1)
40
60
80
100
120
140
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
2010 = 100
Residential buildingsAll buildingsOther than residential buildings
1) Incl. building measures new buildings, building expansions and alterations comparable to rebuilding
Turnover of construction 2010 = 100, year-on-year change
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016*
%
Civil engineering
Construction of buildingsConstruction
7Culture and the Media
Public librariesUnit 1970 1980 1) 1990 1) 2000 1) 2010 1) 2016 1)
Libraries number 2 903 1 608 1 151 936 843 743Collections 1 000 . . . . 37 179 40 897 39 655 35 589Loans 1 000 32 429 72 513 85 714 102 197 96 228 87 369Borrowers 1 000 1 225 1 842 2 199 2 431 2 089 1 981Library visits 1 000 . . . . 49 264 63 978 52 647 49 024
1) Excl. Åland
Books published in Finland1970 1) 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015
Total of books published 3 351 6 511 10 153 11 764 12 017 9 865Finnish and Swedish books
Non-fiction 1 972 4 276 6 352 6 619 5 904 4 283Fiction 309 453 758 863 1 705 1 716
Translations Into Finnish 822 959 1 562 2 106 2 432 1 789Into Swedish 27 56 111 88 112 71
1) Books printed in Finland, excl. pamphlets
Circulation of the biggest daily newspapers 1)
2000 2010 2015 2016
Helsingin Sanomat, Helsinki 446 972 383 361 267 094 252 058Aamulehti, Tampere 133 779 131 539 100 231 98 408Turun Sanomat, Turku 114 086 107 199 84 462 77 598Kaleva, Oulu 82 842 78 216 60 008 55 600Keskisuomalainen, Jyväskylä 76 745 68 880 52 672 49 042Savon Sanomat, Kuopio 67 185 61 546 50 099 47 097Etelä-Suomen Sanomat, Lahti 62 218 58 400 46 594 43 655In Swedish:Hufvudstadsbladet, Helsinki 53 605 48 046 30 735 26 837
1) Printed newspapers with valid checked circulation
Cinemas, museums and theatres2000 2010 2014 2015
Cinema halls 343 289 294 311Seats, 1 000 60 50 51 48Premieres 176 186 197 202Visits per inhabitant 1.37 1.41 1.33 1.59
Museums 1) 155 158 152 150Exhibitions 1 289 1 134 1 146 1 089Admissions, 1 000 4 881 4 869 5 445 5 605
Theatres 2) 60 59 59 59Performances 13 837 12 833 12 639 12 511Tickets sold, 1 000 2 647 2 590 2 252 2 364
1) Museums with full-time personnel, excl. Åland2) Theatres receiving statutory State subsidy, incl. the Finnish National Theatre and the Finnish National Opera
8 Education
Population with educational qualification 1), 2015
Age
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Total15–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970– Males
Females
1) Population by age group with a qualification from upper secondary schools, vocational schools and colleges, universities of applied sciences or universities
Students and qualifications attained
2013 2014 2015Students 1)
Basic comprehensive school education, compulsory education school 540 477 542 932 546 065
Basic education of adults 2 440 2 112 2 220Upper secondary general school
education 105 898 103 914 104 060Vocational education 313 972 321 736 325 085University of applied sciences education 138 880 138 719 139 727University education 167 179 163 759 157 436Total 1 268 846 1 273 172 1 274 593
Qualifications attainedLeaving certificates from comprehensive
school:compulsory education 59 886 58 009 58 284adult education 478 537 604
Upper secondary general school qualifications 32 125 32 064 31 081
Vocational qualifications 69 206 71 987 74 645University of applied sciences degrees 2) 24 833 25 002 26 175University degrees 30 322 31 164 32 718Total 216 850 218 763 223 5071) Students in education leading to qualifications2) Incl. second-cycle university of applied sciences degrees
9Elections
Parliamentary elections 2015
Party Votes % Changefrom 2011% points
Seats 2015 2011
KESK 626 218 21.1 5.3 49 35KOK 540 212 18.2 -2.2 37 44PS 524 054 17.7 -1.4 38 39SDP 490 102 16.5 -2.6 34 42Green League 253 102 8.5 1.3 15 10LEFT 211 702 7.1 -1.0 12 14RKP 144 802 4.9 0.6 9 9KD 105 134 3.5 -0.5 5 6Other parties 56 402 1.9 0.3 - -Others 16 731 0.6 0.2 1 1Total 2 968 459 100 200 200Females 1 264 405 42.6 0.8 83 85
Voting turnout 1) 70.1% (66.9% incl. Finns resident abroad)
Explanations: KESK = Centre Party of Finland, KOK = National Coalition Party, PS = The Finns Party, SDP = The Finnish Social Democratic Party, LEFT = The Left Alliance, RKP = Swedish People’s Party in Finland, KD = Christian Democrats in Finland1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
Voting turnout 1) in parliamentary elections, 1908–2015
0
20
40
60
80
100
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
% of persons entitled to vote
Males
Females
Election year
1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
10 Elections
Municipal elections 2017Party Votes % Party Votes %
KOK 531 599 20.7 RKP 125 518 4.9SDP 498 252 19.4 KD 105 551 4.1KESK 450 529 17.5 Other parties 32 035 1.2Green League 320 235 12.5 Others 53 126 2.1PS 227 297 8.8 Total 2 570 768 100LEFT 226 626 8.8
Voting turnout 58.9% See page 9 for explanations.
Presidential election 20121st round on 22 Jan. 2012 2nd round on 5 Feb. 2012Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes %
Sauli Niinistö 1 131 254 37.0 Sauli Niinistö 1 802 328 62.6Pekka Haavisto 574 275 18.8 Pekka Haavisto 1 077 425 37.4Paavo Väyrynen 536 555 17.5 Total 2 879 753 100Timo Soini 287 571 9.4Paavo Lipponen 205 111 6.7Paavo Arhinmäki 167 663 5.5Eva Biaudet 82 598 2.7Sari Essayah 75 744 2.5Total 3 060 771 100
Voting turnout 1) 72.8% Voting turnout 1) 68.9% (69.7% incl. Finns resident abroad) (66.0% incl. Finns resident abroad)Sauli Niinistö was elected President of the Republic in the second round of the elections.1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
European Parliament elections 2014Party Votes Change in votes Number of
cast 2014–2009 Euro-MPs % % points elected
KOK 390 376 22.6 -0.6 3KESK 339 895 19.7 0.6 3PS 222 457 12.9 3.1 2SDP 212 781 12.3 -5.2 2Green League 161 263 9.3 -3.1 1LEFT 161 074 9.3 3.4 1RKP 116 747 6.8 0.7 1KD 90 586 5.2 1.1 -Others 33 115 1.9 0.1 -Total 1 728 294 100 - 13Females 840 903 48.7 2.2 7Voting turnout 1) 41.0 0.7
See page 9 for explanations. 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland
11Energy
Total energy consumption2014 2015 2016* Annual
change Petajoule (PJ) %
Wood fuels 339 331 346 4.7Oil 310 309 310 0.3Nuclear energy 247 244 243 -0.2Coal 126 101 117 15.6Natural gas 96 82 75 -9.0Net imports of electricity 65 59 68 16.0Hydro power 48 60 56 -5.8Peat 61 58 55 -4.7Wind power 4 8 11 31.9Other energy sources 54 53 53 0.1Total 1 349 1 305 1 335 2.3 Renewable energy sources, % 1) 33.1 34.8 34.2 0.51) Includes, inter alia, wood fuels, hydro and wind power, the biodegradable proportion of recycled fuels
Supply and total consumption of electricity 2015 2016* Annual
change GWh GWh % %
Hydro power 16 584 15 616 23.6 -5.8Wind power 2 327 3 068 4.6 31.8Nuclear power 22 326 22 282 33.7 -0.2Conventional condensing power 4 062 4 393 6.6 8.2Combined heat and power, industry 8 275 8 958 13.5 8.2Combined heat and power,
district heat 12 554 11 792 17.8 -6.1Total production 1) 66 129 66 108 100 0.0Net imports 16 337 18 951 . .Total consumption 82 492 85 059 . 3.11) Excl. solar power and small CHP
Electricity consumption by sectorGWh
010 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
80 000
90 000
100 000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 -16*
Transmission and distribution losses
Services and public consumption
Households and agriculture
Industry and construction
12 Enterprises
Enterprises, 2015Industry (TOL 2008) Enterprises Personnel Turnover
% 1 000 % € million %
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 76 246 21.2 54 3.8 2 007 0.5Manufacturing 20 768 5.8 299 21.0 124 333 32.7Construction 41 616 11.6 152 10.7 30 270 8.0Wholesale and retail trade,
repair of motor vehicles and motorcycle 43 695 12.1 240 16.9 114 117 30.0
Transportation and storage 21 102 5.9 123 8.6 22 531 5.9Accommdation and food
service activities 11 781 3.3 57 4.0 6 139 1.6Information and communication 10 084 2.8 79 5.6 19 193 5.0Financial and insurance activities 7 660 2.1 41 2.9 - -Real estate activities 25 444 7.1 19 1.3 8 141 2.1Professional, scientific and
technical activities 35 682 9.9 99 6.9 13 810 3.6Administrative and support
service activities 14 063 3.9 123 8.6 10 483 2.8Human health and social
work activities 18 661 5.2 67 4.7 6 059 1.6Other industries 33 249 9.2 71 5.0 23 434 6.2All industries 360 051 100 1 423 100 380 516 100
Size of personnel 0– 4 321 887 89.4 263 18.5 45 322 11.9 5– 9 18 983 5.3 123 8.6 20 863 5.5 10– 19 10 136 2.8 135 9.5 28 834 7.6 20– 49 5 816 1.6 174 12.2 47 414 12.5 50– 99 1 741 0.5 119 8.3 30 830 8.1 100–249 916 0.3 140 9.8 48 407 12.7 250–499 307 0.1 108 7.6 30 921 8.1 500–999 156 0.0 105 7.3 38 050 10.01 000– 109 0.0 257 18.1 89 875 23.6Total 360 051 100 1 423 100 380 516 100
Enterprise openings and closures, 2015
Industry (TOL 2008) Enterprise Enterprise Stock ofopenings closures enterprises
% 1) % 1)
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 4 562 7.5 4 712 7.8 60 717
Professional, scientific and technical activities 4 597 8.5 3 837 7.1 53 826
Construction 3 701 7.1 3 745 7.2 52 279Real estate activities 1 468 5.4 1 040 3.8 27 143Manufacturing 1 456 5.4 1 506 5.6 27 125Transportation and storage 869 3.7 1 188 5.0 23 536Other industries 11 639 8.9 9 366 7.2 130 723All industries 28 292 7.5 25 394 6.8 375 3491) Of stock of enterprises
13Environment and Natural Resources
Geographical data
Area, km2, 1.1.2017 Highest point, mArea, total 390 908 Halti 1 324Land area 303 912 Longest river, kmFresh water 34 536 Kemijoki 500Sea water 52 460 Largest lakes, km2
Boundaries, km Saimaa 1 393Sweden 614 Päijänne 1 082Norway 736 Inarijärvi 1 082Russia 1 340 Oulujärvi 912Limit of territorial waters 1 250 Pielinen 895Total 3 940 Largest islands, km2
Greatest length, km a) SeaHanko – Utsjoki 1 157 Mainland Åland 689Greatest width, km Kemiönsaari 545Närpiö – Ilomantsi 542 b) Inland waters
Soisalo 1 540
Lakes with an area of 500 m2 or more total about 168 000, of which around 57 000 with an area of over one hectare. Islands with an area of 100 m2 or more total about 187 000.
Protected and wilderness areas on 1 January 2017
Number Area, ha Water, %
Protected areas 11 037 2 103 615 20.5National parks 39 990 162 18.1Strict nature reserves 19 153 522 1.9Mire reserves 170 463 427 2.6Herb-rich forest reserves 47 1 133 1.0Old-growth forest reserves 90 9 834 2.9Other state-owned protected areas 201 127 404 30.0Protected areas on private land 10 413 322 489 53.3Protected areas on Åland 58 35 644 92.4
Wilderness reserves 12 1 489 119 7.5
In addition, the Act on the Protection of Rapids protects a total of 53 individual rapids, river portions or catchment areas against power station construction. Corresponding acts have been passed on the protection of the Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki rivers.
14 Environment and Natural Resources
Weather conditions
Mean daily temperature (centigrade)
Number of days with precipitation 1)
Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland)
Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland)
1981–2010
2016 1981–2010
2016 1981–2010
2016 1981–2010
2016
January -3.9 -8.8 -13.5 -18.1 12 13 9 9February -4.7 0.3 -12.7 -6.3 8 17 8 15March -1.3 0.9 -7.5 -4.0 8 4 8 4April 3.9 4.8 -1.3 1.1 7 12 6 10May 10.2 13.8 5.3 9.0 7 3 9 7June 14.6 15.3 11.6 12.0 8 8 10 14July 17.8 17.8 14.5 16.8 8 10 11 15August 16.3 16.4 11.7 12.2 10 16 10 16September 11.5 13.3 6.2 8.5 10 3 9 11October 6.6 5.6 0.1 1.7 10 4 9 2November 1.6 0.0 -7.1 -6.1 12 13 10 10December -2.0 0.2 -11.7 -9.1 11 5 8 9°F = 9/5°C + 321) Precipitation ≥ 1,0 mm
Air emissions
Unit 1990 2000 2010 2014 2015Greenhouse gas
emissions, CO2 eq. mil. tons 71.3 70.0 75.7 59.1 55.6Carbon dioxide 1) mil. tons 52.6 52.8 59.2 43.6 40.0Sulphur (as SO2) 1 000 t 250 81 67 43 41Nitrogen oxides 1 000 t 299 229 178 141 130
1) Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat
Greenhouse gas emissions and removals
Mil. t CO2 equivalent
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Removals 1)Emissions
1) LULUCF (land use, land use change and forestry)
15Financing and Insurance
Stock of deposits and loans 1) by monetary financial institutionsEnd of year 2015 2016* 2015 2016*
€ mil. € mil. Interest rate, %
Public’s deposits from the euro area 148 085 149 475 0.24 0.13Non-financial corporations 2) 34 873 33 518 0.08 0.05Households 3) 81 624 85 092 0.30 0.18
Loans to the public in the euro area 216 571 219 388 1.61 1.46Non-financial corporations 2) 72 503 76 026 1.63 1.47Households 3) 121 981 124 931 1.73 1.56
Housing loans 91 955 94 056 1.24 1.07Consumer credit and other loans 30 026 30 874 3.22 3.04
1) Euro-denominated – 2) Incl. housing corporations – 3) Incl. non-profit institutions serving households
Households’ withdrawals of new housing loans 1)
€ million %
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0
5 000
10 000
15 000
20 000
25 000
30 000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
New housing loans, € Average interest rate, %
1) Euro-denominated new loans by monetary financial institutions to households in the euro area
Financial assets of households
€ billion
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Deposits
Unquoted shares andother equity Insurance technical reserves
Quoted shares
Mutual fund sharesOther
16 Financing and Insurance
Market rates of interest, %
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Euribor rates
1 month 1.178 0.325 0.130 0.131 -0.072 -0.338 3 months 1.393 0.571 0.221 0.209 -0.020 -0.26412 months 2.009 1.108 0.536 0.475 0.167 -0.034
Yields on government bonds
5 years 2.08 0.87 0.81 0.51 0.10 -0.3510 years 3.00 1.89 1.86 1.44 0.73 0.36
Domestic credit institutions’ profit for the financial year
€ million
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Commercial banksCo-operative banks
Savings banksOther domesticcredit institutions
OMX share indices 28.12.1990 = 1 000
1 000
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
OMX Helsinki
OMX Helsinki Cap
17Government Finance
Central government budget
Balancesheet2015
Budget 1)
2016
Budget proposal 2017
Change
2016–2017€ million € million € million € million %
RevenueTaxes and other levies 39 941 40 777 41 564 787 2
On income and property 12 597 12 888 13 049 161 1On turnover 17 570 17 815 18 111 296 2Excise duties 6 811 7 059 7 190 131 2Other taxes 2 851 2 902 3 077 175 6Other levies 112 113 137 24 21
Miscellaneous revenues 6 147 5 367 5 241 -127 -2Interest income, income from
sale of shares and profits entered as income 2 362 2 448 2 485 37 2
Loans, net 4 927 5 798 5 947 148 3Total 53 377 54 391 55 236 845 2Expenditure Parliament 175 163 180 17 11President of the Republic 16 13 14 0 2Prime Minister’s Office 183 208 210 3 1Ministries:
Foreign Affairs 1 210 1 048 1 067 19 2Justice 920 926 916 -11 -1Interior 1 397 1 710 1 508 -202 -12Defence 2 692 2 886 2 824 -62 -2Finance 16 702 17 317 16 967 -350 -2Education and Culture 6 685 6 801 6 773 -28 -0Agriculture and Forestry 2 501 2 560 2 545 -14 -1Transport and Communications 2 957 2 932 3 236 303 10Economic Affairs and
Employment 3 747 2 936 2 928 -8 -0Social Affairs and Health 12 781 13 115 14 580 1 466 11Environment 203 202 180 -22 -11
Rents on State debt 1 530 1 573 1 308 -266 -17Total 53 700 54 391 55 236 845 21) Incl. supplementary budget
18 Government Finance
General government deficit/surplus and debt
-20
0
20
40
60
80
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
% of GDP
Deficit/Surplus (EDP)
Debt (EDP)
-16*
Taxes and tax-like payments 1)
2014 2015* 2016* 2014 2015* 2016* At current prices, € million Relative to GDP, %
Income taxes 31 479 32 371 32 933 15.3 15.5 15.4Compulsory
social security contributions 26 011 26 639 27 688 12.7 12.7 12.9
Taxes on property 2 719 3 017 3 050 1.3 1.4 1.4Taxes on goods
and services 29 572 29 727 31 002 14.4 14.2 14.5Other taxes 246 246 262 0.1 0.1 0.1Total 90 027 92 000 94 935 43.8 43.9 44.3
1) Incl. general government and the institutions of the EU
Public development cooperation
Net disbursementsBilateral cooperation
Multilateralcooperation
Total % of GNI
€ million € million € million
2005 480.1 245.6 725.7 0.442006 390.2 274.5 664.8 0.382007 426.6 290.3 716.9 0.382008 480.6 327.6 808.2 0.422009 568.1 358.4 926.5 0.512010 633.5 372.9 1 006.4 0.532011 614.1 399.2 1 013.3 0.512012 620.8 406.0 1 026.7 0.512013 618.0 463.0 1 081.1 0.532014 715.7 516.3 1 232.0 0.592015 629.1 532.0 1 161.1 *0.552016* 573.7 382.0 955.7 0.44
19Health
Health and medical care1917 1950 1970 2000 2010 2015
Physicians 645 1 999 4 798 15 905 l 20 306 21 980Persons per physician 4 844 2 005 964 325 l 264 249Dentists 209 1 303 2 695 4 794 4 699 5 000Hospitals 1) 303 456 357 389 271 253Average stay, days 2) 21.7 12.5 12.8 4.2 3.7 3.5Pharmacies 252 473 532 595 618 615
1) Excl. institutional hospitals 1917–19702) General hospitals
Health care expenditure 1)
€ billion (at 2015 prices)
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Other health care
Private health care reimbursedunder National Health Insurance
Pharmaceuticals and othermedical non-durables
Long-term care for the elderlyPrimary health care 2)Specialised health care
-15*
and disabled 3)
1) Excl. investment expenditure2) Excl. occupational, student and oral health care3) Excl. long-term care in primary health care and specialised health care
Causes of death, 2015Cause of death Deaths % Males % Females %
Diseases of the circulatory system 19 365 37 9 471 37 9 894 37Neoplasms 12 481 24 6 623 26 5 858 22Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease 8 580 16 2 717 10 5 863 22Accidents (excl. accidental
poisoning by alcohol) 2 161 4 1 354 5 807 3Alcohol related diseases and
accidental poisoning by alcohol 1 666 3 1 288 5 378 1Diseases of the respiratory system 1 940 4 1 158 4 782 3Diseases of the digestive system 1 178 2 538 2 640 2Suicides 731 1 558 2 173 1Other causes of death 4 200 8 2 177 8 2 023 8Deaths total 52 302 100 25 884 100 26 418 100
20 Housing
Buildings and free-time residences
1980 1990 2000 2010 2014 2015 1 000
Residential buildings 840 1 005 1 111 1 235 1 278 1 283Detached houses 773 908 993 1 102 1 139 1 144Attached houses 23 53 66 76 79 80Blocks of flats 44 45 52 57 59 59
Other buildings 92 158 189 211 220 222Free-time residences 252 368 451 489 500 502Saunas 1) 548 932 1 212 1 502 1 591 1 607
1) Only saunas in flats. The total number of saunas was estimated to be over 2 000 000 at the end of 2015.
Household-dwelling units by type and size, 2015 1)
Size of household-dwelling unit
All buildings
Detachedhouses
Attached houses
Blocks of flats
Other orunknown
1 person 1 112 342 234 838 158 161 692 350 26 9932 persons 874 880 410 480 117 481 334 839 12 0803 persons 285 433 156 032 42 269 83 543 3 5894 persons 234 939 156 323 32 323 44 212 2 0815 persons 87 506 64 922 8 730 12 967 8876+ persons 39 239 30 256 2 543 5 775 665Total 2 634 339 1 052 851 361 507 1 173 686 46 2951) A household-dwelling unit consists of all persons occupying the same dwelling on a permanent basis
Dwellings by tenure status of dwelling
1990 2000 2010 2014 2015 %
Owner-occupied dwelling 66.8 58.1 59.2 58.2 57.9Rented dwelling 21.6 1) 30.8 1) 29.3 1) 2) 31.0 1) 2) 30.8Right of occupancy dwelling . . 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.4Other form of tenure or unknown 8.4 10.1 10.3 9.4 9.9
1) Incl. official residences and employer-provided dwellings2) Incl. empty dwellings in buildings inferred as rental buildings
Dwellings
Unit 1990 2000 2010 2015Dwellings 1 000 2 210 2 512 2 808 2 934Floor area per dwelling m2 74.4 76.5 79.5 80.0Floor area per person m2 31.4 35.3 39.1 40.1Overcrowding 1), % of dwelling
population % 30.4 23.7 17.9 17.5
1) More than one person per room, excl. kitchen
21Housing
Prices of dwellings 1)
Old blocks of flats New blocks of flatsHelsinki region Rest of Finland Helsinki region Rest of FinlandUnencumbered average prices, €/m2
2011 3 402 1 616 4 554 2 9602012 3 511 1 644 5 003 3 1402013 3 650 1 673 4 974 3 2152014 3 684 1 689 5 102 3 3732015 3 721 1 692 5 122 3 4032016 3 825 1 699 4 980 3 520
1) Data on old dwellings based on the Tax Administration’s data, data on new dwellings based on the largest real estate agents and building contractors
Dwellings in old blocks of flats: real price indices
1983 = 100
50
100
150
200
250
1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 2016
Helsinki region
Rest of Finland
Prices of real estate
Detached houses Plots for detached housesAverage price Real price index Average price Real price index€/m2 2005 = 100 €/m2 2005 = 100
2011 1 508 110.3 18.0 120.42012 1 526 107.1 19.6 120.82013 1 519 103.9 21.5 122.62014 1 505 101.1 23.3 126.32015 1 554 101.6 23.2 117.12016 1 568 102.4 28.7 121.2
Average rents of rented dwellings
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 €/m2/month
Government-subsidised dwellings 10.25 10.64 10.96 11.21 11.38Non-subsidised dwellings 11.98 12.43 12.84 13.30 13.65All rented dwellings 11.19 11.61 11.98 12.34 12.61
22 Income and Consumption
Income recipients 1) by income bracket, 2015
Income bracket, € Income recipients
Incomesubject tostate taxation
Income Taxes, total
Taxes
1 000 % € million % € million %
– 4 999 442 9.5 806 0.6 24 0.1 5 000 – 9 999 457 9.8 3 737 2.8 270 0.9 10 000–14 999 579 12.4 7 261 5.4 587 1.9 15 000–19 999 520 11.2 9 055 6.8 1 211 4.0 20 000 –24 999 468 10.1 10 517 7.9 1 762 5.8 25 000 –29 999 463 10.0 12 737 9.5 2 306 7.6 30 000–34 999 425 9.1 13 773 10.3 2 733 9.0 35 000–39 999 331 7.1 12 357 9.2 2 693 8.9 40 000 –49 999 414 8.9 18 423 13.8 4 467 14.7 50 000 –59 999 218 4.7 11 898 8.9 3 224 10.6 60 000–79 999 190 4.1 12 936 9.7 3 851 12.7 80 000–99 999 69 1.5 6 128 4.6 2 005 6.6100 000– 78 1.7 14 197 10.6 5 243 17.3Total 4 655 100 133 826 100 30 378 100
The average taxable income in 2015 was €28 750 per income recipient, €33 193 for males and €24 545 for females.1) Natural persons
At-risk-of-poverty
At-risk-of-poverty, persons
At-risk-of-poverty rate
Children in at-risk-of-poverty households
Disposable monetary income in 2015 moneyAt-risk-of-poverty threshold
1 000 % of population 1 000 €/consumption unit 1)
2000 534 10.5 97 11 1402001 596 11.6 111 11 5102002 582 11.3 105 11 8302003 573 11.1 110 12 1002004 612 11.9 111 12 6502005 656 12.7 105 13 1302006 679 13.1 120 13 2302007 721 13.8 132 13 6802008 728 13.9 129 13 8802009 697 13.2 124 14 1402010 728 13.7 128 14 2902011 704 13.2 120 14 3502012 635 11.9 102 14 3202013 690 12.8 117 14 3802014 674 12.5 106 14 2702015 634 11.7 100 14 220
1) Consumption units were calculated by giving the members of a household the following weights: the first adult 1, other persons aged 14 or over 0.5 and 0 to 13-year-old children 0.3
23Income and Consumption
Household expenditure
1980 1990 2000 2010 2015* %
Housing and energy 18.6 18.2 24.6 26.2 28.2Food and non-alcoholic beverages 21.3 16.3 12.6 12.1 12.4Transport 14.4 14.5 13.3 12.3 11.8Recreation and culture 10.2 11.2 11.3 11.8 10.5Hotels, cafés and restaurants 6.4 7.7 6.4 6.3 6.3Furnishings, household equipment and
routine maintenance of the house 6.1 5.4 4.9 5.3 5.0Alcoholic beverages and tobacco 2.1 2.9 3.8 4.4 4.6Health 6.3 6.6 5.8 5.0 4.5Clothing and footwear 6.1 5.6 4.6 4.7 4.3Communications 1.1 1.4 3.1 2.5 2.3Education 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4Miscellaneous goods and services 7.2 9.8 9.2 8.9 9.7Total consumption expenditure 100 100 100 100 100
Consumption of selected commodities per person
Unit 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015*
Milk products kg 263.0 222.9 193.9 183.3 173.7Butter kg 11.7 5.5 3.8 3.3 3.4Margarine kg 7.9 7.6 7.7 . . . .Vegetable oils kg . . 3.3 4.9 5.2 . .Cheese kg 6.6 12.7 16.5 19.0 26.6Eggs kg 11.7 11.1 10.1 9.8 11.5Wheat kg 44.7 43.5 45.9 46.4 44.2Rye kg 20.8 17.4 15.3 16.1 15.6Rice kg 3.6 4.6 5.6 5.2 5.2Potatoes kg 59.8 60.3 61.6 . . . .Fresh vegetables kg 21.1 41.5 52.8 56.1 62.4Fresh fruit kg 49.8 51.0 45.2 47.0 58.2Meat kg 58.9 64.1 68.3 75.3 78.9Fish kg . . 18.9 13.2 15.2 . .Coffee 1) kg 10.3 10.2 8.7 8.3 8.6Sugar kg 36.8 34.7 32.0 31.8 29.3Tobacco kg 1.2 1.0 0.6 2) 0.6 2) 3) 0.6Soft drinks and
mineral water l . . . . 67.6 61.3 55.7Beer l 57.3 83.3 78.4 82.8 76.8Wine l . . . . . . 12.2 11.5Alcoholic beverages,
100 % l 6.3 7.7 7.0 8.1 3) 7.1
1) Sales of roasted coffee2) Incl. untaxable consumption3) Final data
24 Justice
Offences 1)
2013 2014 2015 2016
All offences 2) 424 786 417 898 413 233 411 725Manslaughter, murder, killing 95 101 96 78Attempted manslaughter, murder or killing 264 327 299 311Assault 35 515 32 928 33 874 33 769Sexual exploitation of a child 1 657 1 416 1 230 1 242Rape 975 1 009 1 052 1 160Theft 141 395 143 141 138 295 131 432Robbery 1 524 1 689 1 550 1 673Damage to property 43 375 42 516 37 619 35 170Fraud, embezzlement 26 409 26 590 29 003 27 989Drunken driving 17 994 17 608 17 638 17 308Offences involving narcotics 22 656 21 781 23 400 25 082Alcohol-related offences and infractions 4 474 3 686 3 195 2 876
Endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction 444 616 410 398 405 779 411 724
1) Offences recorded by the police, the Finnish Customs and the Finnish Border Guard2) Excl. endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction
Bankruptcy petitions
Number
0
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 -16*
Personnel
Bankruptcies
25
25
Labour Market
Population by activity
Unit 2000 2010 2015 2016
Mean population 1 000 5 176 5 363 5 480 5 495
Population aged 15–74 1 000 3 901 4 043 4 102 4 109Labour force 1 000 2 589 2 672 2 689 2 685
Employed 1 000 2 335 2 447 2 437 2 448Unemployed 1 000 253 224 252 237
Inactive population 1 000 1 312 1 372 1 413 1 424Labour force rate % 66.4 66.1 65.6 65.3Unemployment rate % 9.8 8.4 9.4 8.8Employment rate (15–64 years of age) % 66.9 67.8 68.1 68.7Employed 1 000 2 335 2 447 2 437 2 448Type of employment relationshipPart-time work 1 000 286 358 378 399Full-time work 1 000 2 047 2 087 2 057 2 048Unknown 1 000 2 2 2 1Employer sectorPrivate 1 000 1 692 1 774 1 759 1 783Local government 1 000 486 510 532 528Central government 1 000 151 153 136 129Unknown 1 000 6 10 9 7Status in employmentSelf-employed persons and
unpaid family workers 1 000 319 328 346 344Employees 1 000 2 016 2 120 2 090 2 105
Hours worked, million hours 4 019 3 998 3 947 4 012
Employed persons by industryIndustry (TOL 2008) 2000 2010 2015 2016
1 000 personsAgriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and
quarrying 146 115 109 109Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air
conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management 473 388 359 352
Construction 147 172 169 168Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles 277 298 290 284Transportation and storage 152 156 140 137Accommodation and food service activities 77 83 86 87Information and communication 89 95 100 106Financial, insurance and real estate activities 70 71 74 73Professional, scientific and technical activities;
administrative and support service activities 184 250 269 278Public administration and defence; compulsory
social security 115 117 106 106Education 165 174 180 179Human health and social work activities 326 379 402 404Arts, entertainment and recreation; other
service activities 109 139 151 145Industry unknown 6 12 11 9
26
26
Labour Market
Employees by type of employment relationship
All employment relationshipsEmployees, total Permanent
full-time work Permanent part-time work
Fixed-term work
1 000 persons
2010 2 120 1 581 209 3302011 2 143 1 585 222 3362012 2 146 1 588 222 3362013 2 127 1 580 217 3302014 2 105 1 558 218 3292015 2 090 1 549 219 3222016 2 105 1 545 227 333
Unemployed
1 000 persons
0
100
200
300
400
500
1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015
Total
Males
Females
-16
Unemployment rate
Total Males Females 15–24 years Long-term 15–74 years of age of age unemployed 1)
% % % % % of unemployed
2010 8.4 9.1 7.6 21.4 23.42011 7.8 8.4 7.1 20.1 22.42012 7.7 8.3 7.1 19.0 21.52013 8.2 8.8 7.5 19.9 21.02014 8.7 9.3 8.0 20.5 22.82015 9.4 9.9 8.8 22.4 24.92016 8.8 9.0 8.6 20.1 26.31) Unemployed continuously for 12 months or longer
27Manufacturing
Industrial statistics, 2015
Branch of industry (TOL 2008) Establish-ments
Person-nel
Value added in production
1 000 € million %
Whole industry 27 560 321 31 317 100Mining and quarrying 1 007 6 521 1.7Manufacturing 23 322 295 26 346 84.1
Food products 1 998 31 2 147 6.9Beverages 155 3 330 1.1Textiles 739 3 180 0.6Wearing apparel 937 2 111 0.4Leather and related products 195 1 71 0.2Wood and of products of wood and cork 2 037 18 1 137 3.6Paper and paper products 270 18 3 068 9.8Printing and reproduction of recorded media 1 093 7 460 1.5Coke and refined petroleum products 33 3 427 1.4Chemicals and chemical products 401 12 1 829 5.8Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations 42 4 1 070 3.4Rubber and plastic products 627 12 947 3.0Other non-metallic mineral products 984 12 914 2.9Basic metals 189 13 1 317 4.2Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 4 789 37 2 413 7.7Computer, electronic and optical products 632 21 2 476 7.9Electrical equipment 502 15 1 450 4.6Machinery and equipment n.e.c. 1 589 41 3 414 10.9Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 261 7 446 1.4Other transport equipment 394 7 383 1.2Furniture 955 6 303 1.0Other manufacturing 1 350 4 238 0.8Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 3 150 19 1 215 3.9
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 1 398 11 3 331 10.6
Water supply; sewerage, waste manage- ment and remediation activites 1 833 9 1 119 3.6
Volume index of industrial output 2010 = 100
Branch of industry (TOL 2008) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016*
Total industry (BCDE) 99.6 96.5 94.7 93.8 95.8Forest industry (16–17) 94.6 94.5 93.1 92.6 93.0Chemical industry (19–22) 106.2 105.8 107.2 108.9 112.3Metal industry (24–30) 102.3 96.3 95.0 93.5 95.8Electronics and electrical industry
(26–27) 90.4 80.3 76.3 70.8 70.4
28 National Accounts
Gross domestic product at market prices
At current prices At reference year 2010 prices
Annual change in volume
€ billion €/inhabitant € billion %
2010 187.1 34 885 187.1 3.02011 196.9 36 536 191.9 2.62012 199.8 36 903 189.2 -1.42013 203.3 37 385 187.7 -0.82014 205.5 37 615 186.6 -0.62015* 209.5 38 228 187.1 0.32016* 214.1 38 959 189.6 1.4
National balance of supply and demand
2014 2015* 2016*€ billion % € billion % € billlion %
SupplyGDP 205.5 72.4 209.5 72.9 214.1 73.2Imports 78.4 27.6 77.8 27.1 78.3 26.8Total supply 283.9 100 287.3 100 292.3 100
DemandExports 76.5 26.9 77.2 26.9 75.7 25.9Consumption expenditure 164.3 57.9 166.8 58.1 170.7 58.4– private 113.6 40.0 115.8 40.3 118.8 40.6– government 50.7 17.9 51.1 17.8 51.9 17.7Gross fixed capital formation 42.2 14.9 42.9 14.9 45.8 15.7– private 33.6 11.9 34.7 12.1 37.5 12.8– government 8.6 3.0 8.2 2.8 8.3 2.8Changes in inventories,
acquisition of valuables 0.8 0.3 1.4 0.5 1.2 0.4Total demand 283.9 100 288.3 100 293.3 100
Net national income2014 2015* 2016*€ billion % € billion % € billion %
Wages and salaries 1) 82.4 49.1 83.3 48.5 84.6 47.9Employers’ social contri-
butions 19.1 11.4 19.4 11.3 19.9 11.3Net property and entre-
preneurial income 39.5 23.5 42.0 24.5 43.8 24.8Taxes on production and
imports received by general government less subsidies paid by general government 26.9 16.0 26.9 15.7 28.2 16.0
Net national income 167.9 100 171.5 100 176.5 1001) Incl. wages and salaries receivable from the rest of the world, net
29National Accounts
Industries’ value added as a proportion of gross value added, %
Industry (TOL 2008) 2012 2013 2014 2015*
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.5Mining and quarrying 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3Manufacturing 16.9 16.9 16.9 17.0Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning
supply 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3Water supply; sewerage, waste
management and remediation activities 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0Construction 6.6 6.5 6.3 6.4Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor
vehicles and motorcycles 10.1 9.8 9.5 9.3Transportation and storage 5.2 5.1 5.0 4.9Accommodation and food service activities 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7Information and communication 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.8Financial and insurance activities 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.9Real estate activities 11.6 12.0 12.2 12.7Professional, scientific and technical activities 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1Administrative and support service
activities 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.2Public administration and defence;
compulsory social security 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2Education 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.7Human health and social work activities 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.0Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3Other service activities 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8Gross domestic product at basic prices 100 100 100 100Primary production 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.5Secondary production 27.0 27.0 26.8 26.9Services 70.2 70.0 70.4 70.6
Structural change of the economy
% of gross value added
0
20
40
60
80
100
1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2015*
Services
Secondary productionPrimary production
30 National Accounts
Households’ indebtedness ratio and savings ratio
-30
0
30
60
90
120
150
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -15* -16*
As % of disposable income
Households' savings ratio
Households' indebtedness ratioincl. households' share of the debts of housing companies
Current account 1)
-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -15*-9
-6
-3
0
3
6
9
12
15
-16*
€ billion %
Current account, % of GDPCurrent account, €
1) According to National Accounts
Finland’s foreign assets and liabilities, € billion
Stock at year-end 2013 2014 2015* 2016*
Assets 648.9 713.4 700.5 693.7Finnish direct investments abroad 136.2 127.1 131.1 145.8Finnish investments in foreign securities 251.6 285.7 292.1 307.8Other investments abroad 167.6 167.0 167.9 141.7Financial derivatives 85.3 124.8 100.3 88.4Exchange reserves 8.2 8.8 9.2 9.9Liabilities 641.1 719.9 699.4 678.4Foreign direct investments in Finland 95.2 107.7 120.1 108.7Foreign investments in Finnish securities 263.9 291.8 298.2 305.8Other investments from abroad 201.7 202.7 184.0 178.2Financial derivatives 80.3 117.8 97.1 85.6
31Population
Population structure on 31 December
Population Unit 1900 1920 1950 1990 2000 2016
Total 1 000 2 656 3 365 4 030 4 998 5 181 5 503Males 1 000 1 311 1 660 1 926 2 426 2 529 2 712Females 1 000 1 345 1 705 2 104 2 572 2 652 2 791
Age 0–14 years % 35.0 31.7 30.0 19.3 18.1 16.215–64 years % 59.6 62.2 63.3 67.2 66.9 62.965– years % 5.4 6.1 6.7 13.5 15.0 20.9
Language 1) 2) Finnish % 86.8 81.9 91.1 93.5 92.4 88.3Swedish % 12.9 10.1 8.6 5.9 5.6 5.3Lappish % 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0Russian % 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 1.4Other % 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.4 5.1
Marital status Single % 60.9 63.3 53.3 45.5 47.1 48.2
Males % 63.0 65.7 55.6 49.5 51.1 52.1Females % 58.9 60.9 50.8 41.7 43.2 44.5
Married 3) % 33.6 30.6 39.4 41.6 38.3 36.3Males % 34.0 31.0 41.2 42.8 39.2 36.8Females % 33.2 30.3 38.0 40.5 37.5 35.8
Divorced and widowed 3) % 5.5 6.1 7.2 12.9 14.6 15.5Males % 3.0 3.3 3.2 7.6 9.7 11.1Females % 7.9 8.8 11.2 17.8 19.3 19.7
Religion Evangelical Lutheran
Church of Finland % 4) 98.1 98.1 95.0 87.8 85.1 72.0Greek Orthodox Church % 5) 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.1 1.1 1.1Other % 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.6Census register or
unknown % - 0.0 2.8 10.2 12.7 25.3
1) Finnish and Swedish are the official languages2) Population present in 19203) In 2016 including registered partnerships4) Incl. other Lutheran churches5) Incl. other Orthodox churches
Population projection
Unit 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Population 1 000 5 595 5 769 5 861 5 914 5 979 0–14 years % 16.2 15.3 14.8 14.6 14.315–64 years % 61.2 59.1 58.9 58.1 56.965– years % 22.6 25.6 26.3 27.3 28.8
32 Population
Demographic dependency ratio by municipality, 2016
0 50 100 kmN
Rovaniemi
Maarianhamina Helsinki
Lahti
TamperePori
Jyväskylä
Kuopio
Oulu
Turku
Vaasa
JoensuuSeinäjoki
Kokkola
HämeenlinnaKouvola
Lappeenranta
Mikkeli
Kajaani
Persons aged under 15 and 65 or over per 100 working agepersons (15–64-year-olds)
45– 6566– 7374– 7980–104
Whole country 59
Regional division as on 1 January 2017
33Population
Age structure of population on 31 December
1917 2016Total population 3 134 300 Total population 5 503 297Males 1 540 700 Males 2 712 327Females 1 593 600 Females 2 790 970
200 000 100 000 0 100 000 200 000
0– 4 5– 910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99
100–
1917 2016
Age Males Females
In 2016 the mean age of males was 41.1 years and that of females 43.8 years. The age of 100 years or more had been reached by 815 persons, 135 of whom were males and 680 females.
Vital statistics
2000 ‰ 1) 2010 ‰ 1) 2016 ‰ 1)
Live births 56 742 11.0 60 980 11.4 52 814 9.6Deaths 49 339 9.5 50 887 9.5 53 923 9.8Excess of births 7 403 1.4 10 093 1.9 -1 109 -0.2Immigration 16 895 3.3 25 636 4.8 34 905 6.4Emigration 14 311 2.8 11 905 2.2 18 082 3.3Net immigration 2 584 0.5 13 731 2.6 16 823 3.1Population growth 9 813 1.9 23 849 4.4 15 989 2.9Marriages 26 150 5.1 29 952 5.6 24 464 4.5Registered partnerships . . 322 0.1 251 0.0Divorces 13 913 2.7 13 619 2.5 13 541 2.5Divorces from registered
partnerships . . 64 0.0 127 0.0
1) Per 1 000 mean population
34 Population
Population by origin, country of birth and language, 2016*
Persons with Finnish background 5 138 510
Country of birth Finland
5 087 809
Country of birth foreign countries
50 701
Mother tongue:Finnish 4 802 149Swedish 277 224Sami 1 898Other language 6 538
Persons with foreign background 364 787
Population 31.12.2016 5 503 297 1)
Mother tongue:Finnish 38 266Swedish 6 643Sami 30Other language 5 762
Country of birth Finland 57 947
Country of birth foreign countries
306 840
Mother tongue:Finnish 10 539Swedish 982Sami 9Other language 46 417
Mother tongue:Finnish 6 841Swedish 4 691Sami 32Other language 295 276
1) Final data
35Population
Population by language
2013 2014 2015 2016
Finnish 4 869 362 4 868 751 4 865 628 4 857 795Swedish 290 910 290 747 290 161 289 540Sami 1 930 1 949 1 957 1 969
Other languages:
Russian 66 379 69 614 72 436 75 444Estonian 42 936 46 195 48 087 49 241Arabic 13 170 14 825 16 713 21 783Somali 15 789 16 721 17 871 19 059English 15 570 16 732 17 784 18 758Kurdish 10 075 10 731 11 271 12 226Chinese 9 496 10 110 10 722 11 334Persian 7 281 8 103 8 745 10 882Albanian 8 214 8 754 9 233 9 791Vietnamese 6 991 7 532 8 273 9 248Thai 7 513 8 038 8 582 9 047Spanish 6 022 6 583 7 025 7 449Turkish 6 441 6 766 7 082 7 403German 5 902 6 059 6 168 6 256Polish 4 060 4 459 4 794 5 081Others 63 229 69 084 74 776 80 991Total 5 451 270 5 471 753 5 487 308 5 503 297
Foreigners in Finland
Country of citizenship
2015 % 2016 % Annual change, %
Estonia 50 367 21.9 51 499 21.1 2.2Russia 30 813 13.4 30 970 12.7 0.5Iraq 7 073 3.1 9 813 4.0 38.7China 8 042 3.5 8 480 3.5 5.4Sweden 8 174 3.6 8 040 3.3 -1.6Thailand 7 229 3.1 7 487 3.1 3.6Somalia 7 261 3.2 7 018 2.9 -3.3Afghanistan 3 741 1.6 5 294 2.2 41.5Viet Nam 4 552 2.0 5 253 2.2 15.4India 4 992 2.2 5 016 2.1 0.5Turkey 4 595 2.0 4 654 1.9 1.3United Kingdom 4 427 1.9 4 562 1.9 3.0Poland 3 959 1.7 4 192 1.7 5.9Germany 4 112 1.8 4 149 1.7 0.9Ukraine 3 392 1.5 3 761 1.5 10.9Others 77 036 33.5 83 451 34.3 8.3Total 229 765 100 243 639 100 6.0
36 Population
Finnish citizenships granted 1)
Country of previous citizenship
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Russia 1 652 2 477 2 103 2 317 1 728 2 028Somalia 96 609 814 834 955 1 066Iraq 106 457 521 405 560 534Estonia 302 521 436 382 420 459Afghanistan 100 510 479 251 242 376Turkey 166 278 271 257 229 264Viet Nam 82 150 150 114 146 225Iran, Islamic Republic of 145 451 341 219 140 222Sweden 196 190 146 186 165 206India 76 117 99 152 137 193Thailand 50 75 104 125 150 193Nigeria 18 75 87 111 179 175Ukraine 95 148 157 141 145 163Congo, the Democratic
Republic of the 20 100 122 150 131 150Pakistan 50 91 105 121 135 143Others 1 404 2 838 2 995 2 495 2 459 2 978Total 4 558 9 087 8 930 8 260 7 921 9 3751) Persons permanently resident in Finland
Asylum-seekers and refugees
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Asylum-seekers 3 129 3 238 3 651 32 476 5 651Decisions on asylum 1)
Asylum granted 553 556 501 1 112 4 111Residence permit granted 2) 1 048 1 271 845 767 2 864No asylum or residence permit granted 1 738 1 903 2 050 1 307 12 969
Family reunification
Positive decisions 611 875 1 094 986 1 179Negative decisions 1 030 1 692 1 035 406 283
Quota 750 750 1 050 1 050 750Refugees placed in munici-
palities 3) 4) 1 431 1 782 2 204 1 815 3 734
1) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary protection3) Refugees by quota, asylum-seekers having received a favourable decision and persons admitted under the family reunification scheme4) Excl. refugees who moved independently from reception centres to municipalities
37Population
Life expectancy at birth
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 -15
Years
Girls
Boys
-16*
Families, 2015
Allfamilies
With children aged 0–17
With children aged 0–6
Persons per family
Total of families 1 475 335 571 470 287 300 2.8Year-on-year change, % 0.1 -0.4 -0.6 .
Family type:
Married couple without children 528 539 . . 2.0Married couple with children 424 185 339 342 172 079 4.0Cohabiting couple without children 215 620 . . 2.0Cohabiting couple with children 122 657 110 891 70 863 3.7Mother with children 150 274 103 972 40 815 2.5Father with children 31 452 16 661 3 097 2.3Registered male couple 1) 1 023 8 3 2.0Registered female couple 1) 1 585 596 443 2.6
1) Incl. registered partnerships with children
Families and families with children by the number of children, 2015
Number of children under 181 2 3 4– Total
Children in families 245 871 441 220 227 532 138 821 1 053 444% 23.3 41.9 21.6 13.2 100
Families with children 245 871 220 610 75 844 29 145 571 470% 43.0 38.6 13.3 5.1 100
38 Population
Area, population and GDP by region
Region Land area, km2
Population Change,%
GDP 2)
€ millionGDP per capita 3)
1.1.2017 31.12.2016 1) 2016 1) 2014* 2014*
Mainland Finland: 302 359 5 474 083 0.3 204 044 100Uusimaa 9 097 1 638 293 1.1 78 434 131Varsinais-Suomi 10 663 475 543 0.3 16 206 91Satakunta 7 820 221 740 -0.5 7 882 94Kanta-Häme 5 199 173 781 -0.5 5 489 83Pirkanmaa 12 585 509 356 0.6 17 337 92Päijät-Häme 5 125 201 685 0.0 6 225 82Kymenlaakso 5 149 177 659 -0.6 5 844 86South Karelia 5 327 130 506 -0.5 4 915 99Etelä-Savo 14 257 148 975 -0.9 4 497 79Pohjois-Savo 16 768 247 776 -0.1 7 719 83North Karelia 17 761 164 085 -0.4 4 917 79Central Finland 16 703 276 196 0.2 8 372 81South Ostrobothnia 13 444 191 860 -0.4 5 908 81Ostrobothnia 7 753 181 441 -0.1 6 855 101Central Ostrobothnia 5 020 69 027 0.0 2 380 92North Ostrobothnia 36 815 411 150 0.3 12 851 84Kainuu 20 197 74 803 -0.7 2 071 72Lapland 92 674 180 207 -0.4 6 078 89Åland 1 553 29 214 0.8 1 320 122Whole country 303 912 5 503 297 0.3 205 364 1001) Regional division as on 1 January 20172) Gross domestic product at market prices. Regional division as on 1 January 2016.3) Whole country = 100
Population in the largest municipalities 1)
Population Change, % Population Change, %31.12.2016 2016 31.12.2016 2016
Helsinki 635 181 1.1 Seinäjoki 62 052 0.8Espoo 274 583 1.8 Mikkeli 54 517 -0.3Tampere 228 274 1.4 Kotka 54 187 -0.2Vantaa 219 341 2.2 Salo 53 546 -0.6Oulu 200 526 1.0 Porvoo 50 144 0.4Turku 187 604 0.9 Kokkola 47 723 0.3Jyväskylä 138 850 1.1 Lohja 47 149 -0.4Lahti 119 452 0.6 Hyvinkää 46 596 0.3Kuopio 117 740 0.7 Nurmijärvi 42 010 0.3Kouvola 85 306 -0.6 Järvenpää 41 529 1.5Pori 85 059 -0.4 Rauma 39 614 -0.5Joensuu 75 848 0.4 Kirkkonummi 39 033 1.0Lappeenranta 72 872 0.0 Tuusula 38 588 0.3Hämeenlinna 67 850 -0.2 Kajaani 37 521 -0.3Vaasa 67 620 0.0 Kerava 35 511 0.6Rovaniemi 62 231 0.6 Savonlinna 35 242 -0.8
1) The total number of municipalities 311. Regional division as on 1 January 2017.
39Prices and Costs
Consumer price index
2010 = 100 2015 = 1002015 2016 2016
Total index 108.8 109.2 100.4Food and non-alcoholic beverages 115.7 114.4 98.9Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 116.0 117.2 101.0Clothing and footwear 102.8 102.1 99.4Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 110.7 111.3 100.5Furnishings, household equipment and
routine maintenance of the house 105.7 105.3 99.7Health 109.3 116.8 106.8Transport 107.1 106.9 99.8Communication 83.1 83.8 100.8Recreation and culture 100.2 99.6 99.4Education 113.1 115.7 102.3Restaurants and hotels 115.5 117.5 101.7Miscellaneous goods and services 111.0 110.7 99.7
Inflation
Consumer price index: average annual change
%
-5
0
5
10
15
20
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 -16
Cost-of-living index 1951:10 = 100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015 2016
Total index 138 223 651 1 248 1 501 1 751 1 906 1 913
Producer price indices 2010 = 100
2013 2014 2015 2016
Basic price index for domestic supply 109.9 108.4 104.9 103.3Export price index 103.6 102.5 101.1 98.2Import price index 108.9 106.5 100.1 96.6Basic price index for domestic supply, incl. taxes 112.2 111.0 108.0 106.7Producer price index 106.6 105.6 103.6 101.2
40 Prices and Costs
Coefficients for monetary value 2016 = 1.000
The coefficients can be used to convert the Finnish markka used in 1917–2001 and the euro of the years 2002–2015 into 2016 euro
1917 1) 1.2454 2000 0.2144 2009 1.10561920 1) 0.4160 2001 0.2090 2010 1.09231930 0.3452 2002 1.2235 2011 1.05571940 0.2995 2003 1.2129 2012 1.02691950 0.0394 2004 1.2106 2013 1.01191960 0.0233 2005 1.2003 2014 1.00151970 1.4453 2006 1.1795 2015 1.00361980 0.4943 2007 1.1506 2016 1.00001990 0.2577 2008 1.1057
1) The data are unofficial
Building cost index
Total index 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
2015 = 100 . . . 100.0 100.52010 = 100 105.8 106.9 107.9 108.5 109.02000 = 100 134.9 136.3 137.7 138.4 139.11964 = 100 1 225.1 1 237.4 1 249.8 1 256.1 1 262.5
Year-on-year change, % 2.4 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5
Selected mean prices Unit 2013 2014 2015 2016
€Low fat milk l 1.05 1.10 1.03 1.01Butter 500 g 3.06 2.87 2.48 2.46Cheese, Emmenthal kg 14.13 14.02 14.52 13.85Eggs kg 4.25 3.68 3.60 3.45Potatoes kg 0.94 0.87 0.93 0.97Macaroni 400 g 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.38Wheat flour 2 kg 1.38 1.36 1.35 1.32Minced beef kg 10.68 10.20 10.11 9.95Beef roast kg 16.88 16.74 16.21 16.07Chicken breast fillet kg 13.75 13.47 13.18 13.02Sausage kg 4.80 4.94 4.64 4.30Rainbow trout, whole kg 9.04 9.56 8.50 9.70Tuna fish, tinned 150 g 1.85 1.81 1.75 1.79Coffee, packaged 500 g 3.56 3.59 3.87 3.66Caster sugar kg 1.13 1.08 0.93 0.89Pot-grown lettuce ea. 1.12 1.10 1.16 1.13Tomatoes kg 3.08 3.25 3.19 3.03Cucumbers kg 2.77 2.57 2.50 2.47Oranges kg 1.61 1.53 1.55 1.61Bananas kg 1.70 1.69 1.67 1.48Petrol 95 E10 l 1.64 1.61 1.46 1.38Cinema ticket ea. 11.12 11.22 11.36 11.77
41Science, Technology and Information Society
Research and development expenditure
2014 2015 2016 1)
€ million % € million % € million %
Business enterprises 4 410 67.7 4 047 66.7 3 998 67.0Public sector 2) 613 9.4 543 8.9 539 9.0University sector 3) 1 490 22.9 1 481 24.4 1 433 24.0Total 6 512 100 6 071 100 5 970 100as % of GDP 3.2 *2.9 4) 2.8
1) Estimate based on survey responses and other calculations2) Incl. private non-profit sector3) Incl. university hospitals and universities of applied sciences4) Ministry of Finance’s forecast
Use of information and communications technology by individuals
2013 2014 2015 2016% of population aged 16 to 89
Internet users 1) 85 86 86 88Uses the Internet several times per day 61 64 67 72Smartphone in own use 56 63 69 72Made online purchases 1) 44 48 45 44
1) In the past three months
Prevalence of equipment and connections in households 1)
2014 2015 2016% of households
Flat screen TV 81 85 86Full HD TV 49 53 58Smart TV 19 24 30TV pay card 26 25 22IPTV 14 17 20Home theatre 22 22 22Digital camera 2) 63 60 56Camera copter . . . . 2PC 90 90 91
Laptop 78 78 79Tablet 39 51 56
Printer or scanner 60 61 58Mobile broadband 57 67 68Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 54 62 66Wearable smart device 5 13 18Landline telephone (subscription) 12 9 9Smartphone 69 76 82GPS tracking device in car 35 32 32
1) The age of the household target person is between 15 and 742) Incl. digital video camera
42 Social Protection
Social protection expenditure by function
2013 2014 2015 € million % € million % € million %
Sickness and health 15 223 24.0 15 421 23.5 15 257 23.0Disability 6 927 10.9 6 971 10.6 6 752 10.2Old age 23 631 37.3 24 837 37.9 25 909 39.1Survivors 1 802 2.8 1 803 2.8 1 754 2.6Family and children 6 541 10.3 6 550 10.0 6 618 10.0Unemployment 4 597 7.3 5 249 8.0 5 561 8.4Housing 1 138 1.8 1 240 1.9 1 450 2.2Other social protection 1 814 2.9 1 845 2.8 1 849 2.8Administration 1 645 2.6 1 637 2.5 1 153 1.7Total 63 317 100 65 553 100 66 301 100as % of GDP 31.1 31.9 31.6
Pension beneficiaries
Pension category 2013 2014 2015 2016
Old-age pension 1 209 645 1 237 541 1 270 408 1 299 958Unemployment pension 5 257 380 - -Disability pension 241 872 232 475 221 952 214 046Part-time pension 20 433 16 057 12 066 10 388Special pensions for farmers 18 304 16 811 15 322 13 615Surviving spouse’s pension 259 932 258 354 256 330 254 437Orphan’s pension 20 407 19 638 18 885 18 310Total 1) 1 513 122 1 525 317 1 540 972 1 558 9001) The same individual may be the beneficiary of more than one type of pension
Total pension distribution among pension beneficiaries 1)
on 31 December 2016
Total pension All beneficiaries Males Females€/month % % %
0– 799 165 814 11.4 64 787 9.9 101 027 12.7 800–1 099 257 033 17.7 89 542 13.7 167 491 21.11 100–1 399 297 598 20.5 109 012 16.6 188 586 23.81 400–1 699 213 618 14.7 92 561 14.1 121 057 15.31 700–1 999 168 739 11.6 83 398 12.7 85 341 10.82 000–2 299 114 608 7.9 63 475 9.7 51 133 6.42 300–2 599 74 251 5.1 43 999 6.7 30 252 3.82 600–2 899 49 228 3.4 30 731 4.7 18 497 2.32 900–3 199 31 536 2.2 20 962 3.2 10 574 1.33 200– 76 535 5.3 57 331 8.7 19 204 2.4Total 1 448 960 100 655 798 100 793 162 100Average pension,€/month 1 632 1 848 1 453
1) Finnish residents receiving old-age, disability, unemployment and special farmer’s pension
43Trade
Domestic trade (TOL 2008)
Volume indices of motor vehicle sale, wholesale and retail trade
2010 = 100
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 -16*
Sale of motor vehiclesRetail trade
Wholesale trade
Turnover of trade 2013 2014 2015 € million % € million % € million %
Sale of cars 14 623 12 14 901 13 15 178 13Wholesale trade 1) 70 014 57 63 935 55 61 468 54Retail trade 1) 38 565 31 38 010 33 37 471 33Total 123 201 100 116 846 100 114 117 1001) Excl. motor vehicles and motorcycles
Imports, exports and trade balance
€ billion
-20
0
20
40
60
80
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016*
Exports
Imports
Trade balance
44 Trade
Foreign trade, 2016*
Imports Exports Tradebalance
€ million % € million % € millionMain trading partners
Germany 8 161 14.9 6 815 13.1 -1 347Sweden 6 147 11.2 5 570 10.7 -577Russia 6 141 11.2 2 975 5.7 -3 166China 4 059 7.4 2 680 5.2 -1 380Netherlands 3 341 6.1 3 484 6.7 143France 2 228 4.1 1 586 3.1 -641United States 2 106 3.8 3 919 7.6 1 813Estonia 1 655 3.0 1 493 2.9 -162United Kingdom 1 647 3.0 2 493 4.8 846Poland 1 618 2.9 1 410 2.7 -208Other countries 17 766 32.4 19 442 37.5 1 676Total 54 868 100 51 866 100 -3 002
Trade by economic bloc and continent
EU28 34 143 62.2 30 677 59.1 -3 466Euro area 21 822 39.8 19 393 37.4 -2 429
Rest of Europe 8 467 15.4 6 423 12.4 -2 044Asia 7 576 13.8 7 375 14.2 -201Africa 585 1.1 1 249 2.4 664North and Middle America 2 865 5.2 4 725 9.1 1 860South America 1 097 2.0 936 1.8 -161Oceania 135 0.2 480 0.9 346OECD 37 821 68.9 37 526 72.4 -296Developing countries 8 681 15.8 8 526 16.4 -155
Imports and exports by products by activity (CPA 2008)
Imports € million %
Chemical industry products 10 025 18.3Electric and electronics industry products 8 041 14.7Transport equipment 5 950 10.8Products from mining and quarrying 5 649 10.3Machinery and equipment 5 074 9.2Other 20 130 36.7
Exports
Forest industry products 11 356 21.9Chemical industry products 10 229 19.7Metal and metal products 7 473 14.4Machinery and equipment 6 940 13.4Electric and electronics industry products 6 327 12.2Other 9 541 18.4
45Transport and Tourism
Transport
Unit 2010 2014 2015 2016Transport network kmLength of railway line 1) km 5 919 5 944 l 5 923 5 926Length of tram line km 91 96 96 97Length of underground line km 21 21 21 21Highways 2) km 78 162 78 071 77 989 77 982Coastal waterways km 10 073 10 111 10 278 10 383Inland waterways km 9 747 9 812 9 811 9 820Passengers by mode of transportRailway transport mil. 69.0 68.3 l 76.0 l 82.1Tramway transport mil. 54.5 55.5 55.2 56.6Underground transport mil. 57.1 62.1 62.9 64.1Bus and motor coach transport 3) mil. 339.8 349.4 *347.6 . .Taxi traffic mil. 57.0 54.4 *53.3 . .Water transport 4) mil. 21.7 22.3 22.7 23.6Air transport 4) mil. 16.5 19.7 20.1 20.8Domestic passenger transport performance, passenger kmRailway transport mil. 3 959 3 874 l 4 113 l 3 868Tramway transport mil. 113 122 122 125Underground transport mil. 417 392 396 404Bus and motor coach transport mil. 7 540 7 540 . . . .Coastal transport mil. 126 126 132 132Inland water transport mil. 15 7 5 6Air transport mil. 1 078 . . . . . .Passenger car transport mil. 64 745 65 520 66 297 l 57 007Domestic goods transport performance, freight tonne kmRailway transport mil. 9 750 9 597 8 468 9 445Road transport mil. 25 401 20 297 21 433 24 586Coastal transport mil. 3 635 2 015 2 185 2 166Inland water transport mil. 246 294 248 165
1) State railway line2) Roads maintained by the Finnish Transport Agency (31 Dec.), excl. ramps and ferry routes3) Includes charter transport but not private transport4) National and international
Registered vehicles on 31 December
1990 2000 2010 1) 2016 1)
Passenger cars 1 938 856 2 134 728 2 877 484 3 346 005per 1 000 inhabitants 388 412 535 608
Lorries and vans 264 157 304 318 464 408 582 060Buses, coaches 9 327 9 852 13 650 17 536Special automobiles 20 719 16 924 12 646 11 552Total 2 233 059 2 465 822 3 368 188 3 957 153
per 1 000 inhabitants 447 476 627 719Motorcycles 60 170 90 877 226 877 265 960Tractors 316 870 332 584 376 807 424 658Snowmobiles 2) . . 90 511 121 976 146 056
1) Incl. vehicles temporarily decommissioned from traffic2) Excl. Åland
46 Transport and Tourism
Automobile stock
0
750
1 500
2 250
3 000
3 750
4 500
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 -16
1 000
Passenger cars
All automobiles
Average age of passenger cars in traffic
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Years
Traffic accidents2013 2014 2015 2016*
Road traffic accidentsInvolving personal injury 5 334 5 324 5 185 4 724Fatal 244 208 246 231Drink-related accidents 561 535 507 505Deaths 258 229 270 250Persons injured 6 681 6 705 6 408 5 886
Water traffic accidents 1 666 1 932 1 948 . .Deaths 47 53 40 48
Air traffic accidents 14 7 14 4Deaths 7 11 - -
47Transport and Tourism
Number of overnight stays by foreigners at accommodation establishments 1)
Country of domicile
2015 % 2016 % Annual change, %
Russia 782 848 14.2 697 596 12.1 -10.9Sweden 549 870 10.0 549 292 9.5 -0.1Germany 543 294 9.9 540 342 9.4 -0.5United Kingdom 471 869 8.6 500 738 8.7 6.1France 230 090 4.2 249 997 4.3 8.7United States 202 546 3.7 231 708 4.0 14.4China 181 862 3.3 231 573 4.0 27.3Japan 203 411 3.7 214 495 3.7 5.4Estonia 188 899 3.4 193 376 3.4 2.4Norway 185 995 3.4 180 851 3.1 -2.8Other 1 969 666 35.7 2 181 307 37.8 10.7Total 5 510 350 100 5 771 275 100 4.71) Accommodation establishments with at least 20 bed places or caravan pitches with electrical connection points, as well as hostels
Finns’ leisure trips abroad 1)
Country of destination
2015 % 2016 % Annual change, %
Estonia 1 530 000 24.8 1 480 000 24.3 -3.3Spain 650 000 10.6 740 000 12.1 13.8Sweden 610 000 9.9 710 000 11.6 16.4Germany 330 000 5.4 270 000 4.4 -18.2Russia 240 000 3.9 270 000 4.4 12.5Italy 230 000 3.7 260 000 4.3 13.0United Kingdom 200 000 3.2 210 000 3.4 5.0Greece 240 000 3.9 180 000 3.0 -25.0Norway 190 000 3.1 150 000 2.5 -21.1United States 120 000 1.9 150 000 2.5 25.0Other 1 820 000 29.5 1 680 000 27.5 -7.7Total 6 160 000 100 6 100 000 100 -1.01) Trips with overnight stays in destination country made by the population aged 15 to 84
Travel account
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* € million
Income 2 301 2 745 3 021 3 049 2 764 2 307 2 454Expenses 3 251 3 502 3 805 3 985 3 979 4 305 4 672Net -950 -758 -785 -936 -1 215 -1 998 -2 218
48 Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs
Index of wage and salary earningsIndex Annual change, %2010 = 100 Nominal Real2015 2016* 2015 2016* 2015 2016*
Total 111.3 112.6 1.4 1.2 1.6 0.8Private sector 111.4 112.7 1.5 1.2 1.8 0.8Local government 110.2 111.3 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.6Central government 114.0 115.9 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.3
Men 110.4 111.7 1.3 1.1 1.5 0.8Women 112.0 113.4 1.4 1.2 1.6 0.9
Index of wage and salary earnings, average annual changes
%
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Index of wage and salary earnings
Index of real wage and salary earnings
-16*
Total earnings by level of education and age 1), 2015
Median of total earnings, €/month
Age1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6 000
7 000
–20 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–39 40–44 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–69Doctorate or equivalent level tertiary educationHigher-degree level tertiary educationLower-degree level tertiary education
Lowest level tertiary educationUpper secondary level educationLower secondary leveleducation
1) Full-time employees
49Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs
Total earnings by employer sector and gender, 2015Employer sector Full-time employees
Median of total earnings, €/monthTotal Men Women
Private 931 348 3 026 3 243 2 752Local government 366 869 2 728 3 144 2 668Central government 67 482 3 582 3 929 3 127Total 1 365 699 2 963 3 271 2 727
Total earnings by occupation and gender, 2015Main category of occupation Full-time employees
Median of total earnings, €/monthTotal Men Women
Armed forces 7 211 4 345 4 377 3 516Legislators, senior officials and
managers 46 869 5 808 6 177 5 060Professionals 313 389 3 946 4 356 3 648Technicians and associate
professionals 332 073 3 146 3 546 2 885Clerks 101 921 2 585 2 635 2 572Service workers and shop and
market sales workers 245 983 2 387 2 570 2 339Skilled agricultural and
fishery workers 6 469 2 337 2 402 2 260Craft and related trades workers 122 831 2 815 2 843 2 482Plant and machine operators and
assemblers 103 678 2 842 2 917 2 522Elementary occupations 82 316 2 137 2 434 2 019Unknown 2 959 2 702 2 851 2 500Total 1 365 699 2 963 3 271 2 727
Wages and salaries 1) as % of national income
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015*
%
-16*
1) Including wages and salaries receivable from the rest of the world, net
50 International Comparison Data
Area and population
Area Population Population growth
Life expectancy
1 000 km2 Million %/year years2015 2015 2010–2015 2016
Finland 338 5.5 0.5 81Sweden 439 9.8 0.8 82Norway 324 5.2 1.1 82Denmark 43 5.7 0.5 79Iceland 103 0.3 0.7 83Argentina 2 780 43.1 1.1 77Australia 7 692 23.8 1.5 82Austria 84 8.6 0.5 82Belgium 31 11.3 0.7 81Brazil 8 516 204.5 0.9 74Canada 9 985 35.8 1.1 82Chile 756 18.0 1.0 79China 9 600 1 371.2 0.5 76Czech Republic 79 10.5 0.1 79Egypt 1 002 89.0 2.5 73Estonia 45 1.3 -0.3 77France 552 64.4 0.5 82Germany 357 81.7 -0.1 81Greece 132 10.8 -0.5 81Hungary 93 9.8 -0.3 76India 3 287 1) 1 213.4 . . 69Indonesia 1 911 255.5 1.4 73Ireland 70 4.7 . . 81Israel 22 2) 8.2 . . 82Italy 302 60.7 0.5 82Japan 378 127.0 -0.2 85Latvia 65 2.0 -1.1 75Lithuania 65 2.9 . . 75Luxembourg 3 0.6 2.1 82Mexico 1 964 121.0 1.1 76Netherlands 42 16.9 0.4 81New Zealand 268 4.6 1.1 81Nigeria 924 . . . . 53Pakistan 796 191.7 2.0 68Poland 313 38.0 -0.3 78Portugal 92 10.4 -0.4 79Russia 17 098 3) 143.5 . . 71South Africa 1 221 2) 54.0 . . 63Spain 506 46.4 0.0 82Switzerland 41 8.3 1.0 83Turkey 784 78.2 . . 75Ukraine 604 42.8 -1.4 72United Kingdom 242 65.1 0.7 81United States 9 834 321.4 0.8 801) 20122) 20143) 2013
51International Comparison Data
Gross national income, unemployment and inflation
GNI per capita Unem-ployment
InflationPurchasing powerparity, USDUSD % %
2015 2015 2016 2016
Finland 46 560 42 600 8.8 0.4Sweden 57 900 48 700 6.9 1.0Norway 93 530 65 210 4.7 3.6Denmark 60 270 50 660 6.2 0.3Iceland 50 110 47 160 3.0 1.7Argentina 12 450 19 980 1) 7.0 . .Australia 60 050 45 320 5.7 1.3Austria 47 260 49 160 6.0 0.9Belgium 44 510 45 770 7.8 2.0Brazil 9 990 15 140 1) 6.9 8.7Canada 47 250 43 580 7.0 1.4Chile 14 100 22 760 6.7 3.8China 7 900 14 320 1) 4.1 2.0Czech Republic 18 150 31 550 4.0 0.7Egypt 3 340 10 710 2) 12.8 10.2Estonia 18 320 28 390 6.8 0.2France 40 710 41 680 10.1 0.2Germany 45 790 49 090 4.1 0.5Greece 20 270 26 470 23.6 -0.8Hungary 12 970 25 220 5.1 0.4India 1 590 6 030 1) 4.9 4.9Indonesia 3 440 10 690 5.6 3.5Ireland 52 550 54 610 7.9 0.0Israel 35 770 36 040 4.8 -0.5Italy 32 830 37 010 11.7 -0.1Japan 38 840 42 310 3.1 -0.1Latvia 14 990 24 840 9.6 0.1Lithuania 15 080 27 770 7.9 0.9Luxembourg 77 480 72 080 6.3 0.3Mexico 9 710 16 860 3.9 2.8Netherlands 48 850 49 410 6.0 0.3New Zealand 40 020 36 150 5.1 0.6Nigeria 2 790 5 810 3) 28.5 15.7Pakistan 1 440 5 320 2) 5.9 2.9Poland 13 310 25 870 6.2 -0.7Portugal 20 470 29 010 11.2 0.6Russia 11 450 23 770 5.5 7.0South Africa 6 080 12 870 2) 25.2 6.6Spain 28 380 34 700 19.6 -0.2Switzerland 84 550 63 990 4.6 -0.4Turkey 9 950 19 740 10.9 7.8Ukraine 2 640 7 840 2) 9.1 13.9United Kingdom 43 700 41 230 4.8 0.7United States 55 980 57 540 4.9 1.31) 20142) 20153) 2013
52 International Comparison Data
General government deficit/surplus and debt
EU Member State2017
Deficit (–) / surplus (+), % of GDP Debt, % of GDP2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
Austria -2.7 -1.1 -1.6 84.4 85.5 84.6Belgium -3.1 -2.5 -2.6 106.7 106.0 105.9Bulgaria -5.5 -1.6 0.0 27.0 26.0 29.5Croatia -5.4 -3.4 -0.8 86.6 86.7 84.2Cyprus -8.8 -1.2 0.4 107.1 107.5 107.8Czech Republic -1.9 -0.6 0.6 42.2 40.3 37.2Denmark 1.4 -1.3 -0.9 44.0 39.6 37.8Estonia 0.7 0.1 0.3 10.7 10.1 9.5Finland -3.2 -2.7 -1.9 60.2 63.7 63.6France -3.9 -3.6 -3.4 94.9 95.6 96.0Germany 0.3 0.7 0.8 74.9 71.2 68.3Greece -3.7 -5.9 0.7 179.7 177.4 179.0Hungary -2.1 -1.6 -1.8 75.7 74.7 74.1Ireland -3.7 -2.0 -0.6 105.3 78.7 75.4Italy -3.0 -2.7 -2.4 131.8 132.1 132.6Latvia -1.6 -1.3 0.0 40.9 36.5 40.1Lithuania -0.7 -0.2 0.3 40.5 42.7 40.2Luxembourg 1.4 1.4 1.6 22.4 21.6 20.0Malta -2.0 -1.3 1.0 64.3 60.6 58.3Netherlands -2.3 -2.1 0.4 67.9 65.2 62.3Poland -3.5 -2.6 -2.4 50.2 51.1 54.4Portugal -7.2 -4.4 -2.0 130.6 129.0 130.4Romania -1.4 -0.8 -3.0 39.4 38.0 37.6Slovakia -2.7 -2.7 -1.7 53.6 52.5 51.9Slovenia -5.4 -2.9 -1.8 80.9 83.1 79.7Spain -6.0 -5.1 -4.5 100.4 99.8 99.4Sweden -1.5 0.3 0.9 45.2 43.9 41.6United Kingdom -5.7 -4.3 -3.0 88.1 89.0 89.3
Tax rate, 2015*Tax revenue as % of GDP/GNP
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
IrelandUnited States
TurkeyCanada
United KingdomCzech Republic
EstoniaSpain
PortugalGreece
GermanyNorway
HungaryItaly
SwedenAustriaFinland
BelgiumFrance
Denmark
0 100
Oulu
Rovaniemi
Kokkola
Kajaani
Vaasa
SeinäjokiKuopio
Joensuu
Pori Tampere
Jyväskylä
Mikkeli
LappeenrantaLahti
Maarian-hamina
TurkuHelsinki
KouvolaHämeenlinna
Regions by regional division as on 1 January 2017Town locations: National Land Survey of Finland
SuomiFinland
1917 Finland’s independence
1948 Member of the World Bank
1948 Member of the IMF
1955 Member of the UN
1955 Member of the Nordic Council
1961 Associate member of the EFTA
1969 Member of the OECD
1986 Full member of the EFTA
1989 Member of the Council of Europe
1995 Member of the European Union
2002 Introduction of the euro
Editing: Cover photograph: PixhillCommunication and Cover designed by: Irene MatisInformation Services Cover picture designed by: Aila MarjamäkiInformation products Infograph designed by: Hilkka Lehtonen
Printed by: Publication orders:Grano Oy, Helsinki 2017 Edita Publishing Oy
tel. +358 20 450 05editapublishing.fi
© 2017 Statistics Finland
Quoting is encouraged provided Statistics Finland is acknowledged as the source.
ISSN 2242−8496 (pdf)ISBN 978−952−244−577−3 (pdf) ISSN 0357−0371 (print)ISBN 978−952−244−576−6 (print)Product number 3056 (print)
FINLAND IN FIGURES 2017
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STATISTICS FINLAND− Produces statistics on a variety of areas in society− Promotes the use of statistical data− Supports decision-making based on facts− Creates preconditions for research GUIDANCE AND INFORMATION SERVICE+358 29 551 [email protected] www.stat.fi
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Taskut_2017_pdf.indd 3 2.6.2017 13:05:43
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