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Folder Title: Appraisal Report on a Proposed Nutrition Development Project in Indonesia - October 13, 1976 - Report Number 1318-IND

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Document of

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

RET TOE

APPRAISAL REPORT ON A PROPOSED NUTRITION

DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN INDONESIA

OCi 13 1976

D .. CLASSIFTE

UL 3 0 7 t WBG AlZCII1 IL:-

DRAFI' CONFIDENTIAL

Report No. 1318-IND

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only ht the performance of their official duties. Its rontents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

US$1 Rp 1 = Rp 1,000,000 =

Rupiah (rp) 415 US$0.002 US$2,410

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

1 metric ton= 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 meter (m) = 29.37 inches

2205 pounds 3.28 fee~ 10,000 m 100 ha

0.98 long ton 1. 09 yards

1 hectare (ha) 2 1 square kilometer (km

= 2.47 acres = 0.39 square mile

AETE ANP ANPO BAPPENAS BIMAS/INMAS

BUUD CARE CRDN FAO FTDC IPB IRRI MCH NILHOH

NIPP PCM PKK REC RILHOH

TAC ·UDKP UNICEF WFP WHO

Bupati Butsi Inpres Kabupatens

= = = =

= = = = = = =

=

= = = =

=

=

ABBREVIATIONS

Agency for (Agricultural) Education, Training and Extension Applied Nutrition Program Assistant Nutrition Program Officer National Development and Planning Agency Mass Guidance Program for Self-sufficiency in Rice and Palawij a Crops Local Village Cooperative Cooperative of American Relief Everywhere Center for Research and Development in Nutrition Food and Agriculture Organization Food Technology Development Center Agricultural University, Bogar International Rice Research Institµte

JA·· Maternal and Child Health ~

National Institute for Industrial l}-1-gi.ene and Occupational Health Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project · Protein-Calorie Malnutrition Members of Voluntary Organizations Rural Extension Center Regional Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health Technical Advisory Committee Units for Community Development United Nations Children's Fund World Food Program World Health Organization

GLOSSARY

Chief Executive of Kabupatens

....

Indonesian Youth Corp Volunteer Working in Villages Presidential Instruction Administrative Sub-divisions of Provinces

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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

I.

II.

III.

IV.

APPRAISAL REPORT ON A PROPOSED NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT

PROJECT IN INDONESIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

A. B. C. D. E.

THE

A. B. C.

D.

Nutrition and Economic Development The Nutrition Problem Causes of Malnutrition Actions to Counter Malnutrition Current Government Organization

PROJECT

Goals and Strategy Project Description

for Nutrition

Linkages of the Proposed Nutrition Project with Ongoing Projects Assisted by the Bank Detailed Features

Center for Research and Development in Nutrition Food Technology Development Center Direct Nutrition Action Programs

The Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project Action Program for Home/Village Gardens Action · Program for On-Farm and Village Level

Storage Anemia Prevention and Control Pilot Project -

Pl1mtations Nutrition Communication and Behavioral Change Nutrition Manpower Training Technical Assistance and Fellowships Preparation of a National Food and Nutrition Plan

COSTS, FINANCING, PROCUREMENT AND DISBURSEMENTS

CONFIDENTIAL

, ,LASS FI~.

JUL 3 0 2n1s WBGARCHT '.

Page No.

1

3

3 5 8

11 15

16

16 19 20

22

22 24 26 26 30

31

32 34 36 38 39

40

This report is based on the findings of an appraisal mission which visited Indonesia in August 1975. The appraisal mission consisted of: Mr. S. Venkitaramanan (Chief of Mission), Dr. K. V. Ranganathan, Dr. T. Tigiao, Mr. A. Shaw, Mr. D. Mills, Mr. E. Thomson, Mr. J. Worgan and Dr. M. Behar (Consultants). Mr. Venkitaramanan made an updating mission in February 1976. A post-appraisal mission was made in June/July 1976 by Messrs. E. M. Schebeck (Chief of Mission), S. Venkitaramanan and E. Thomson. The missions were greatly assisted by Bank Resident Mission representatives.

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)

v. ORGANIZATION Ai'W MANAGEMENT

A. B.

Project Organization Monitoring and Evaluation

VI. BENEFITS AND J1JSTIFICArION

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS

ANNEXES

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Nutritional Status and Food Habits

Center for Reseach and Development of Nutrition

Food Technology Development Center

Nutrition Intervention Pilot Program

Anemia Prevention and Control Pilot Project

~utrition Communication and Behavioral Change

7. Manpower Training

8a. Project Organization

8b. Food and Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Agriculture

9. Monitoring and Evaluation

10. Civil Works

11. Project Cost Estimates

12. Disbursement Schedule

Page No.

45

45 47

so 55

INDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOP~ENT PROJECT

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

(i) Real per capita incomes in Indonesia have improved significantly

in recent years, but still an estimated two-thirds of the population or some

75 million people, live at or close to absolute poverty, as measured by ade­

quacy of daily calorie and protein intake. Widespread malnutrition of such

proportions, particularly among the most vulnerable groups, represents a

costly constraint on human productive capacity that severely hinders efforts

to achieve national development goals. Malnutrition itself is in turn attri­

butable to poverty, but could be more effectively combated if nutrition

problems were better understood and dealth with more directly through sys­

tematic and realistic national programs.

(ii) Indonesia's development plan addresses directly the problems of em-

ployment, income generation and production. Although some of these invest­

ments have a significant impact on the nutritional status of the population,

they are not by themselves sufficient to deal with the problems of malnutri­

tion, particularly of those living in poverty. Seen in the broad context of

Indonesia's overall development strategy , nutrition activities are complemen­

tary to other investment efforts particularly in agriculture, health and edu­

cation. Well directed nutrition policies and investments can l ower mortality

and morbidit y rates, contribute to raising productivity levels, help to

achieve famil y planning and education objectives, optimize the use of avail­

able food resources, and improve the level of human well-being which is the

ultimate g oal of all development activities. Nutrition programs a lso serve

as a direct means of income distribution and in general, improve the social

and economic conditions of t h e d i sadvantaged portion o f che population.

- ii -

(iii) Nutrition problems - particularly protein-calorie malnutrition

(PCM), vitamin A and iodine deficiencies, and nutritional anemia - are wide-

spread throughout Indonesia. The high rate of infant mortality - between

110 and 150 per 1,000 - can be traced in large part to PCM. Malnutrition in

Indonesia is a result of a combination of different factors, foremost of which

are; inadequate production and availability of foods, inequitable distributjon

of available food and insufficient awareness of the nutritional needs of vul-

~ nerable groups.

(iv) Indonesia's average per capita availability of food has been about

1,840 calories and 45 grams of protein compared to a recommended daily re­

quirement of about 1,920 calories and 55 grams of protein. However, given

the income distribution in Indonesia, a substantial portion of the population

is getting well below the required amounts. Since the First Development Plan

period (1969-74) an important priority in Government policies has been in-

creased rice production, the main staple food.

(v) At the same time, the Government has become increasingly concerned

about the prevalence of malnutrition among its population and committed it-

self to improving this situation. Past Indonesian efforts, supported by

UNICEF, WHO, CARE and FAO, to achieve nutritional improvements have had only

limited success because of their lack of intersectoral coordination with

agricultural or other development policies and of their failure to focus on

the particular problems of the poor and most vulnerable. The proposed pro­

ject builds on the experience from these activities. The Government intends

to implement a national nutri.tion plan during the Third Five-Year Plan, to

commence in 1980. However, it now lacks basic prerequisites: sufficient

- iii -

manpower and institutional capacity capable of implementing large-scale pro­

grams, knowledge concerning the effectiveness of alternative forms of nutri­

tion interventions and delivery systems, and an adequate data base from which

to analyse the effectiveness of possible nutrition activities.

(vi) The primary purpose of the proposed project is to assist the Gov-

ernment in improving the nutritional status through developing a national

food and nutrition program with adequate institutional support and appropri-

ately trained personnel to carry it out. Through a combination of action pro-

grams both at the national and field level and their evaluation, the proposed

project would identify replicable and cost-effective measures to improve the

nutritional status and increase the productivity of malnourished target

groups. All these activities will aid in the preparation of a national food

and nutrition plan. The proposed project would assist the Government in:

(a) Institution Building

(i) Strengthening the Center for Research and Development in Nutrition (CRDN) at Bogar through funds for addi­tional staff, training, technical assistance, neces­sary equipment and modest expansion of physical faci­lities.

(ii) Supporting the Food Technology Development Center (FTDC) at the Agricultural University, Bogar, with facilities, equipment and staff.

(iii) Strengthening of planning, coordination and evaluation of nutrition activities through technical assistance to the Ministries of Health, Education and Agriculture.

(b) Direct Nutrition Action Programs

(i) Initiation of a Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project (NIPP) which integrates nutrition, education, agri­cultural and health activities and selective food supplementation to vulnerable target groups in a total of seven Kabupatens.

(vii)

- iv -

(ii) Increasing the production of nutritious vegetables and fruits through intensification of home/village gardens through provision of improved seeds, devel­opment of model garden packages and intensification of extension efforts.

(iii) Improving food processing and storage, especially at village level through assistance to the Food Technology Development Center which would, in col­laboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, devel­op an appropriate action program in NIPP villages.

(iv) Initiation of an iron supplementation program to tackle nutritional anemia in a selected number of plantations with a view to developing a national program to cover all government and privately owned plantations.

(c) Education and Training

(i) Testing the efficiency of alternative nutrition communication methods to bring about desirable changes in nutrition behavior.

(ii) Upgrading and expanding the training of nutrition­ists in the Academy of Nutrition at Jakarta by pro­vision of equipment, staff and necessary physical facilities.

(iii) Improving the training of agricultural extensionists by introduction of nutrition in the curriculum of the basic training centers and the secondary agricul­tural schools of the Agency for Education, Training and Extension.

(d) Preparation of a National Food and Nutrition Plan

(i) Assist the Government in the preparation of a national food and nutrition plan by taking into account inter alia: the results of the evaluation of the various nut­rition actions taken up under the proposed project and their cost effectiveness and replicability; manpower availability; and the managerial skills and institu­tions developed as a result of the project.

Specific linkages would be established between the proposed pro-

ject and ongoing development activities, including those assisted by the

Bank, particularly agricultural research and extension and traini ng, popu­

lation programs and other government initiatives.

- V -

(viii) As a result of the project, the Government would have developed

(a) a cadre of trained professionals and strengthened institutions equipped

to implement this plan; (b) an assessment of the effectiveness of various

direct nutrition action programs; (c) new action programs for more efficient

techniques of food storage and processing, and for fortification of Indo­

nesia's foods; (d) techniques for mass education in nutrition; (e) nutri­

tional considerations in its agricultural policy; and (f) a national food

and nutrition plan.

(ix) In additin to the above benefits which are national in scope,

other immediate side benefits can be expected in the areas where direct nut­

rition action programs will have been carried out. Approximately 30,000

children affected by PCM would have been rehabilitated; about 100,000 fami­

lies would receive nutrition education, including 45,000 pregnant and/or

lactating mothers (of these, 17,000 will have received food supplements);

and 100,000 children would have been immunized from infectious diseases.

18,000 farm families would participate in the home/village garden programs

and improve their nutritional status through on-farm consumption. The in­

troduction of improved, low cost on-farm/village level storage facilities

would mark the beginning of a nationwide program for reducing food losses

and thereby raising food availability. Since the proposed project is an

innovative and pioneering field, it carries an inherent risk. A risk speci­

fic to this project arises from the fact that its implementation involves

many ministries and their coordinated actions. Proposed organizational

arrangements are considered satisfactory to cover this risk.

(x) The proposed project is intended to reach the poorest segment of

t he population, and within that group concentrate on those most vulnerable

to malnutrition and other nutritional deficiencies.

-- - ---------------

- vi -

(xi) Each of the different components of the proposed project would be

implemented within the existing organizational structure of Government. The

overall coordination of the project would rest with the Director General of

Community Health, Ministry of health, the designated Project Director. To

ensure the full cooperation of the Ministries of Interior, Education and Agri­

culture, a part-time coordinator will be nominated from each of these mini­

stries to work in close cooperation with the Project Director in identifying

and solving problems of interministerial coordination. The CRDN, in the

Ministry of Health, and the FTDC, in the Ministry of Education, would be ad­

ministered by their respective directors. The NIPP component would be admin­

istered at the national level by a coordinator stationed in the Ministry of

Health. In the provinces, the Governor of the Province would be responsible

for coordination and implementation of NIPP. The Anemia Prevention and Con­

trol Project would be administered by the Nationl Institute for Industrial

Hygiene and Occupational Health, through delegation to its regional insti­

tutes, with close collaboration with the Directorate General of Plantations,

Ministry of Agriculture. Provision has also been made for about 35 man-

years of highly qualified consultant specialists for periods varying from

a few weeks to 4 years, who would compensate for the current scarcity of

Indonesian personnel with requisite training and experience necessary to

support the various programs under the project. About 44 Indonesian experts

would be provided with fellowships for training in nutrition and food tech­

nology, either abroad or in Indonesia.

(xii) Total costs of the proposed 4-year project are estimated at US$26

million (Rp. 10.8 billion, including contingencies). The foreign exchange

component is about 40 percent. Civil works contracts in excess of US$1.0

- vii -

million would be awarded on the basis of international competitive bidding

in accordance with the Bank's guidelines; domestic contractors would be

given a 7 1/2 percent preference. Contracts below US$1.0 million would be

awarded on the basis of competitive bidding advertised locally, with no re­

striction on foreign bidding, and in accordance with normal government pro­

cedures which are satisfactory to the Bank. Equipment and furniture contracts

in excess of US$50,000 would be awarded on the basis of international competi­

tive bidding in accordance with the Bank's guidelines; domestic manufacturers

would be allowed a preferential margin of 15 percent, or the existing customs

duty, whichever is the lower, over the c.i.f. price of competing imports.

Contracts for equipment and furniture which cannot reasonably be grouped in

packages of at 'least US$50,000 equivalent, subject to an aggregate total of

US$3 .4 million equivalent could be awarded on the basis of competitive bidding

advertised locally following normal government procedures. Procurement of

vehicles (except for 10 required for startup) would be on the basis of inter­

national competitive bidding subject to Bank guidelines.

(xiii) Disbursement would be made at the rate of 100 percent against ex-

penditures for both foreign and local consultants and fellowships, and di­

rectly imported equipment, library supplies, furniture and vehicles; 95

percent of the ex-factory price of equipment manufactured locally; 80 per­

cent of civil works expenditures; 65 percent of imported equipment procured

locally; and 40 percent of vehicles procured locally. Expenditures for con­

sultant architects incurred after October 1975 would be financed retroactively

from the proposed loan up to a total of US$50,000 equivalent.

(xiv) Subject to appropriate assurances, the proposed project is suitable

for a Bank loan of US$13 million equivalent, for a term of 20 years, including

viii -

a grace period of 4 i/2 years. The loan would cover 50 percent of total costs,

equal to the maximum estimated foreign exchange component and 10 percent of

local costs. The balance would be provided by the Government of Indonesia,

which would be the borrower.

INDONESIA

NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

I. INTRODUCTION

1.01 The Government of Indonesia is increasingly concerned about the

prevalence of malnutrition among its population. Recognizing that the pri­

mary cause of malnutrition is inadequate availability of food, the Govern­

ment has undertaken major programs to increase the production and availabil­

ity of staple foods. It has also undertaken important supplementary programs

to remedy specific nutritional deficiencies and upgrade health, feeding and

nutrition practices among the nutritionally vulnerable. l._/ These limited

nutrition programs, however, have lacked the organized, systematic and sus-

tained approach needed to combat effectively malnutrition, its causes and

its derivative ills on a national scale.

1.02 The Government has requested Bank assistance in:

(i) developing the institutional infrastructure necessary for effective formulation, imple­mentation and evaluation of a national food and nutrition program;

(ii) strengthening on-going programs of nutrition research; and

(iii) improving food technology, nutrition education and training.

This assistance would lead to the formulation and implementation of a

national food and nutrition program. In order that such a program will

l._/ The nutritionally vulnerable inc l ude young children, pregnant women and lactating mothers.

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have the greatest impact on the nutritional status and on a more effi­

cient resource utilization, a range of pilot action components will be

required to test organizational arrangements, program costs and benefits,

and replicability on a national scale.

1.03 The project is based upon a feasibility study prepared by a task

force consisting of representatives of relevant ministries, established in

1973 by the BAPPENAS (The National Development and Planning Agency), with

assistance from Bank staff, UNICEF and consultants. Project appraisal com­

menced with missions in August/September 1975 and in February 1976. In

accordance with the special procedures established during discussion of the

Policy Guidelines for Bank Nutrition activities, l/ a preliminary report on

this project was discussed by the Executive Directors on March 23, 1976.

In light of the Board discussion, further work was carried out by a post­

appraisal mission which visited Indonesia in June 1976. The proposed project

reflects changes recommended by that mission with respect to stronger linkages

~ with productivity issues and food production.

1.04 The Bank Group has approved 43 projects for Indonesia totalling

US$561 .8 million in credits and US$317 .5 million in loans. Almost one half

of the projects are in the agricultural sector. Other project sectors

were transport, public utilities, industry, development finance, population,

education, rural and urban development. This project would be the first

Bank loan to Indonesia in the field of nutrition, but substantial linkages

are envisioned between this and other ongoing Bank projects (see paras.

3 .05 to 3.09).

l/ Document R73-247, October 21, 1973

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II. BACKGROUND

A. Nutrition and Economic Development

2 . 01 While often a consequence of economic development in many coun-

tries, adequate nutrition is a precursor and pre- condition of better produc­

tivity and development. Indonesia's 1975 per capita GDP is estimated at

US$184 . Although real per capita incomes have improved significantly in

recent years, it is estimated that some two-thirds of the population, about

78 million people, live at or close to absolute poverty level, as measured

by adequacy of daily calorie and protein intake . Nutritional deficiency of

such a large part of Indonesia's population is not only a problem of human

concern but also of economic development. Well- directed nut r ition policies

and investments can lower mortality and morbidity rates, contribute to increases

in productivity, help achieve family planning and education objectives, serve

as a direct means of income distribution and, in general, improve the social

and economic conditions of disadvantaged portions of the population.

2.02 The relationship between better nutrition and improved output has

been demonstrated in a number of studies . In Indonesia, studies have shown,

for instance, that non- anemic workers have a 20 percent higher productivity

than that of anemic workers . ];_/ Well organized feeding programs for indus­

trial workers in many parts of the world have shown to reduce rates of

tJ:J "Iron Deficiency and the Productivity of Adult Males in Indonesia," Basta and Churchill, IBRD Staff Paper 175 (1974) .

- 4 -

accidents, absenteeism and labor turnover, resulting in improved skills

and greater productive capacity and output.

2.03 Improvement in nutrition also increases the efficiency of other

forms of investment in human capital. There is a positive correlation

between nutritional status in early childhood and brain development, since

80 percent of eventual brain weight is reached during the first 24 months

of life. Malnourished children tend to grow up less equipped to absorb

knowledge and to innovate. Their school performance is marked by chronic

absenteeism, high drop-out rates and high rates of grade repetition. In­

vestments in nutrition thus assist in better utilization of the education

system. Even if there is no guarantee of adequate nutrition in adulthood,

better nutrition in childhood or in utero enables the child to reach a

higher level of mental and physical development and so better adapt to the

challenges of adulthood.

2.04 Sound nutrition policies can optimize the use of available food

resources. Reducing food and nutrient losses through better storage, pro­

cessing and dietary combinations of foodstuffs increases the effective

availability of food at given production levels. Effective interaction of

nutrition policies with agricultural and economic policy actions is therefore

essential.

2.05 The relevance of nutrition to development in Indonesia has to be

seen in the broad context of the country's development strategy. To estab­

lish an explicit relationship between improved nutritional status of the

population and employment and income generation is difficult, particularly

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in a labor surplus economy such as Indonesia's. Indonesia's development

plan, supported in many instances by multi and bilateral aid programs, does

address directly the problems of employment and income generation. Nutri-

tion activities should be seen as complementary to these efforts. Adequate

nutrition improves the quality of human capital both immediately and over

the longer-run by increasing production capacity of the current work force

as well as the educability and potential productivity of children. Besides

promoting more effective use of investments to develop agriculture, health and

education, nutrition programs can effect human well-being which is the ultimate

goal of all development activities.

B. The Nutrition Problem

2.06 The Government, in collaboration with various international agen-

cies, has identified four major nutrition problems in Indonesia: (i) pro­

tein-calorie malnutrition, (ii) vitamin A deficiency, (iii) iodine defi­

ciency, and (iv) nutritional anemia. These problems are wide-spread

throughout Indonesia, although ecological and cultural differences among

the regions, which affect food availability and consumption, account for

geographical variations in the nature and intensity of malnutrition (see

Annex 1).

Protein- Calorie Malnutrition (PCN)

2.07 Inadequate intake of calories and protein is the most basic nutri-

tion problem in Indonesia. Close to one-third of all children under the

age of five (about 7 million) and more than half of all lactating mothers

- 6 -

(about 5.6 million) are estimated to suffer from PCM. Pregnant women are

another highly vulnerable group, although insufficient work has been done

to allow for a reliable estimate of the incidence of PCM among this group. In

1974, a WHO-sponsored team determined from existing surveys that PCM among

Indonesian children was particularly severe: over 50 percent of the children

under the age of two in Java were found to suffer from second and third degree

malnutrition (i.e. body-weights less than 75 percent and 60 percent respectively

of the WHO norm), while an additional 25 percent showed less severe, though

definite anthropometric signs of malnutrition (less than 90 percent normal

height, weight and arm circumference).

2.08 PCM is a major cause of Indonesia's high rate of infant mortality,

either directly or by lowering infants' resistance to infectious disease.

Infant deaths in Indonesia lie between 110 and 150 per 1,000, compared to

infant mortality rates (per thousand live births) of 18 in North America,

139 in India, 142 in Pakistan and 38 in neighboring Malaysia, which has

considerable geographic and cultural similarities with Indonesia. If PCM

is untreated among survivors, particularly before the age of two years, it

retards physical growth and impairs mental development. After the age of

three years, the recovery of lost growth caused by PCM is extremely diffi­

cult if not impossible.

Vitamin A Deficiencv

2.09 The incidence of vitamin A deficiency among Indonesia's population,

particularly among children, is one of the highest in the world. This defi­

ciency affects growth and weakens resistance to other nutritional diseases.

Prolonged vitamin A deficiency causes serious lesions of the eye, clinically

- 7 -

known as xerophthalmia, which compete with trachoma as a leading cause of

blindness in the country. The incidence of xerophthalmia among children

has been found to be 4-5 percent in rural Java, reaching up to 22 percent

in urban squatter areas.

Iodine Deficiency

2.10 Goiter, caused by iodine deficiency, has been prevalent in

Indonesia for centuries. In its early stages, endemic goiter may display

no symptoms, but untreated goiter causes difficulty in breathing, coughing

and voice changes. Recent studies show increasing incidence of goiter, 1../

especially among children. (Between 50 to 80 percent of those surveyed in

North and West Sumatra, East Java and Bali were found to have goiter).

Iodine deficiency can also lead to cretinism, a more serious iodine defi-

ciency disease, which manifests itself through a wide range of symptoms:

mental retardation, impaired physical development (dwarfism), deafness,

deaf-mutism and neurological abnormalities such as squinting. A 1973 study

indicates there are about 100,000 cases of cretinism, and about 500,000 others

in early stages of cretinism in Indonesia.

Nutritional Anemia

2.11 Indonesia has the highest country incidence of nutritional anemia

ever recorded in a male population dur i ng non-famine conditions. In a joint

research project undertaken in 1973 and 1974 by the Indonesian Nutrition

l/ Nain, D.A. et al, "The Prevalence of Endemic Goiter among School Children in some parts of Sumatra, Java and Bali, Indonesia" Second Asian Nutri­tion Congress, Manila, 1973.

- 8 -

Research Institute and the Bank l/ the prevalence of anemia among a sample

population of Indonesian male workers was found to be between 28 to 52 per­

cent. The variations reflect the incidence of anemia in different geograph-

ical regions. More than three-quarters of the anemic workers suffered from

iron deficiency. Anemia was also found to be prevalent among non- pregnant

women (35 to 85 percent) and among pregnant women (SO to 92 percent, mostly

due to iron deficiency). ]J The results of the research projects corroborate

the findings of other field surveys indicating anemia as a major health prob­

lem. Nutritional anemia leads to lower productivity, lassitude and poor

work habits, which in turn lead to lower incomes and poor nutrition. The

1974 study found that productivity of non-anemic workers was about 20 percent

higher than that of anemic workers.

C. Causes of Malnutrition

2.12 Malnutrition in Indonesia is a result of a combination of factors,

mainly inadequate production and availability of foods, inequitable distribution

of available food and insufficient awareness of the nutritional needs of and

by vulnerable groups. Poor food habits compound the problem. Concurrent

parasite infestations and infections adversely affect intake through reduction

in appetite and absorption of needed nutrients. Indonesia's average per capita

J_/ Karyadi and Basta, "Nutrition and Health of Indonesia Construction Workers," IBRD Staff Paper 152 (1973), and Basta and Churchill, "Iron Deficiency and the Productivity of Adult Males in Indonesia," IBRD Staff Paper 175 (1974).

2/ Soeki r:nan, "Priori ties in Dealing with Nutrition Problems in Indonesia," Cornel International Nutrition Monograph Series (197~).

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- 9 -

availability of food has been 1788-1840 calories and 45 grams of protein

compared to a recommended daily requirement of about 1920 calories and 40

grams of protein. 1./ However, these averages do not convey the seriousness of

the overall problem. Uneven distribution of income and unequal access to food

in Indonesia cause a substantial percentage of the population to be in a state

of chronic under-nutrition. Surveys indicate that 76 percent of the rural and

71 percent of the urban population of Java receive incomes which are below the

mininum necessary to purchase adequate calories and protein. J:./ While general

economic development strategies are required to correct income inadequacies,

nutrition activities can increase effective food availability and utilization

especially for the nutritionally vulnerable.

Food Production

2.13 Indonesia's First Five Year Development Plan period (1969-74) con-

centrated on increasing production of rice, the main staple food, through

development of irrigation facilities, appropriate pricing policy measures,

fertilizer subsidy and extension services. Rice production expanded at the

rate of 4.7 percent per year. The production of secondary crops, however,

J_/ The recommended daily requirements are based on FAO/WHO Committee Recom­mendations for Energy and Protein Requirements for the Southeast Asia Region, Short-term targets (1973).

J:./ IBRD No. 708-IND, Indonesia Development Prospects and Needs, Basic Eco­nomic Report, April 15, 1975, p. 8.

- 10 -

declined during this period. l/ Compared on calorie content, the produc­

tion of all food crops rose by only 3 percent per year and did not keep

pace with increased demand for food crops resulting from higher incomes

and population growth. 1./

2.14 For the Second Five Year Development Plan period (1974-1979),

growth in rice production has been projected at 5 percent per annum. Yet

even this rate of expansion would be insufficient to meet the estimated demand

for rice. The Government's concern over the rice shortage has led to pro-

posals to develop rice estates outside densely populated Java and to develop

tidal irrigation on a large scale for transmigrants from Java. Also, the

Government plans to intensify secondary food crop production.

2.15 Indications, while still not conclusive, suggest food wastages of

up to 25 percent due to storage and distribution losses and nutrient losses

in processing. The Government recognizes the need for an action program to

improve food processing, storage and marketing in order to make maximum use

~ of agricultural output.

Food Habits

2.16 Poor food habits and lack of awareness of nutritional requirements

among a large segment of the population adversely affect nutritional status,

1../ Ma i ze, soybeans, groundnuts, cassava and other tubers. For details on crop production see IBRD, No. 708-IND, 1975, p. 8.

1/ The population of Indonesia is estimated at 133 million in 1975 and is increasing at a rate of 2.5 percent per year. Because income levels in Indonesia remains low (GNP was estimated at $130 per capita in 1973), between 55 and 60 percent of income growth is translated into demand for foodstuffs.

- 11 -

particularly among the nutritionally vulnerable (for details see Annex I).

In most areas, the preferred staple is rice, frequently mixed with maize,

cassava or sweet potatoes, for one of the two CTeals per day. Very few families

can afford to consume animal protein. Protein-rich vegetables are seasonal

and are used only infrequently in meals. Locally processed soybean products

are popular, but are not available in sufficient quantities to provide adequate

levels of protein or calories.

2.17 Fortunately, breast-feeding of children, normally until the first

and often the second year, is almost universally practised in rural areas.

But there is little understanding of the importance of additional solid foods

other than soft rice or banana fo r children after 5-6 months. Vegetables,

meat and fish are generally not provided to young children in any form, due

in part to local practices and beliefs that such foods may be harmful.

D. Actions to Counter Malnutrition

2.18 The Government is fully aware of the need to increase production

and availability of food. It recognizes that an increase of staple food

alone will not be sufficient to control malnutrition and is implementing

actions through the BI~S/IN~L~S l_/ programs to increase production of

diverse food crops. The Bank has recently approved a National Food Crops

1/ Xass guidance program for self-sufficiency in rice and palawija (pulses, soyabeans and other intercropped varieties) . The BIMAS pro~ram was initiated in 1965/66 and by 1974/75 it covered about 2.2 million ha of rice land. Its key feature is a credit approach whereby eligible farmers obtain credit for current inputs and for living allowance together with extension service. The IN"t-~-S program commenced in 1967 /68 to provide subsidized inputs, without credit or a~tension.

- 12 -

Extension Project which will intensify and expand the extension service for

these programs. However, further actions are required to meet the nutri-

tional needs of specific age and income groups. Although available data

reveal the gravity of the nutrition problem and general direction of action,

the Government's attempts to promote an intensified attack on the nutritional

problem are handicapped by insufficient manpower and institutional capacity

and by an inadequate data-base from which to analyze the effectiveness of

possible nutrition activities.

On-going Programs

2.19 Indonesia's on-going nutrition programs, though limited, supple-

ment agricultural policies and reflect an appreciation of the gravity and

multi-sectoral nature of the problem.

The Applied Nutrition Program (ANP)

(a) The Applied Nutrition Program began in the Province of Central Java in the early 1960s and was supported until 1974 by UNICEF, FAQ and WHO. Pilot projects have, since 1970, been undertaken in over 100 villages. ANP projects promote the production and use of protective 1./ and protein-rich foods through nutrition education and the produc­tion of poultry, milk and fish. The Ministry of Health currently supports and administers the program with the participation of the local administration and provincial and regional nutrition committees.

Vitamin A Distribution

(b) The Ministry of Health, with assistance from UNICEF, has over the last two years distributed

);./ Protective foods are foods rich in vitamins and minerals, such as dark green leafy vegetables, orange or yellow fruits and vegetables.

e

- 13 -

vitamin A capsules (each containing 200,000 international units) to 200,000 children be­tween the ages of 1 and 4 years, as a prophy­laxis against xerophthalmia.

Salt Iodization

(c) Agreement has recently been reached between the Government and UNICEF on a program to fortify 120,000 tons of salt per year with potassium iodate in large state salt works as protection against goiter. The possibi­lities for iodating people ' s salts, i.e., salt produced by traditional methods in small saltpans by cooperatives and other producers are also under active investigation.

Lipiodol

(d) In areas where endemic cretinism is a serious problem, injections of lipiodol, an iodine compound dissolved in oil, are being car­ried out with the assistance of UNICEF. This is expected to protect injected per­sons for five years. The target of this program, which began in 1975, is to cover 300,000 people per year.

Distribution of Milk Powder

(e) Milk powder has been provided to about 2,000 Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Centers with the assistance of the World Food Program (WFP) since the early sixties.

School Feeding Programs

(f) In West Java, CARE has organized a school feeding program that now covers approxi­mately 300,000 children. Catholic Relief Services and the Church World Service sup­port feeding programs for a further 50,000 school children in Central Java.

Nutrition Research and Training Institutions

2 .20 The Indonesian Nutrition Research Institute was established at Bogor

in 1960 under the administration of the Ministry of Health and in 1974 it was

- 14 -

converted into the Center for Research and Development in Nutrition. The

research undertaken at the Institute has been essentially bio-medical in

orientation. The present work program is of good quality but limited by

shortages of staff, funds and equipment.

2.21 The Academy of Nutrition at Jakarta offers three years of training

and awards Bachelor of Science degrees in nutrition to about twenty-five

graduates a year. In 1973, there were 417 trained nutritionists in

Indonesia 1_/ -- less than half the number required to implement govern­

ment programs. The Government plans to post nutritionists to 26 provinces

and to each of the 260 Kabupatens, J:j in addition to providing dieticians

for the large hospitals. At a higher level, nutrition staff are required

for medical schools and universities. The shortage of adequately trained

nutritionists is a major constraint on the level and scope of nutrition

activities.

Key Problems and Issues in On-Going Programs

2.22 On-going programs, though large in number, have been on a rela-

tively small scale, diffuse in character and content, and have lacked base­

line nutrition data on which to analyze their effectiveness. More importantly

adequate attention has not been given to problems of inter-ministerial/inter­

sectoral coordination at the national and local levels . The ANP program,

while successful in increasing the awareness of nutritional problems in

project areas, had few identifiable benefits commensurate with the outlay.

A 1973 evaluation of the program indicated that the program placed too great

an emphasis on increasing protein intake, particularly of animal origin,

1./ 352 are Bachelor of Science in Nutrition, 36 are Masters of Science, one has a Doctorate in Nutrition and 28 are physicans.

J:j Kabupatens are administrative sub-divisions of provinces.

- 15 -

which is not an economically feasible solution for the majority of the pop­

ulation. The program also aimed at blanket coverage of the population

within small pilot areas rather than being directed at those most in need.

School feeding programs have relied on imported foods and donations, but

are now being scaled down, due to the reduction in available grant money~

No action program has been developed to combat the widespread anemia. The

effect of the distribution of milk powder has been hampered by low and ir­

regular attendance at MCH Centers and administrative problems. Less than

two-thirds of the milk powder supplied has been delivered to those attend-

ing the clinics, who are mainly the better off and better educated. The

cost of vitamin A distribution in capsule form has been high and can be

regarded only as a temporary expedient. Food wastage in storage and processing

is another serious problem which has not yet been tackled adequately. In its

plans to reduce food losses, the Government is hampered by inadequate institu­

tional capacity.

E. Current Government Organization for Nutrition

2.23 The Ministry of Health has been primarily responsible for all

nutrition activities in Indonesia. In 1974 a national nutrition conference

was convened and, based on its recommendations, a Presidential Instruction

(Inpres) was issued on September 3, 1974, establishing a ~linisterial Committee

responsible for coordination and implementation of an overall national nutrition

program. The Committee was set up under the chairmanship of the Minister of

State for People's Welfare, and consists of the Ministers of Finance, Planning,

Industry, Interior, Agriculture, Education, Religion, Information and Health.

- 16 -

The Minister of Interior has been instructed to direct that Governors of

Provinces and Bupati (chief executives) of Kabupatens would be responsible for

coordinating nutrition programs such as the nutrition intervention program,

ANP, vitamin A prophylaxis, iodized salt distribution and nutrition education,

within their respective areas of jurisdiction. The Governors and Bupati have

strengthened the nutrition committees established at provincial and Kabupaten

levels under the ANP, in order that the committees can provide advice on the

coordination and implementation of all nutrition activities. In provinces

where ANP is not operating, similar committees are being established.

2.24 The Ministerial Committee is advised by a Technical Commission,

chaired by the Deputy Chairman of BAPPENAS. Membership consists of working

level representatives from the various ministries. The Technical Commission

has appointed sub-committees to make recommendations on policies regarding

goiter, vitamin A prophylaxis, a revised ANP program, nutrition education

and breast-feeding. In BAPPENAS, a new post has been created for a nutrition

~ planner located in the Bureau of Social Welfare, People's Housing and Health.

III. THE PROJECT

A. Goals and Strategy

3.01 The proposed nutrition project would assist the Government in im-

proving the nutritional status through developing a national food and nutri­

tion program with adequate institutional support and appropriately trained

personnel. Through a combination of national and local action programs

e

- 17 -

and their evaluation, the project would identify replicable and cost effective

measures to improve the nutritional status and increase the productivity of

malnourished target groups. All of these activities will aid in preparation

of a national food and nutrition plan. On a national scale, the project would:

(a) strengthen the institutional and technical capacity for applie~ research and develop-ment of improved food technology at the village level in order to increase the available quantity and quality of food;

(b) provide information to help rationalize food and agricultural policies and plans, leading when appropriate to increased in­vestments in production of nutritious foods;

(c) seek to bring about behavioral changes of food usage in order to optimize the use of food resources so that nutritional status can be improved and sustained without outside assistance;

(d) interact with ongoing agricultural research programs to develop nutritionally efficient strains;

(e) provide a monitoring, evaluation and plan­ning system to assess and, if necessary, modify project action components in the light of implementation experience; and

(f) help in the preparation of a national food and nutrition plan and develop the managerial base for its implementation.

3.02 At the field level, during the four-year project period, pilot

action components in sufficiently large but diverse areas would test and

evaluate the nutritional impact, social acceptability, administrative

feasibility as well as cost-effectiveness and replicability on a national

- 18 -

scale of various combinations of nutritional activities directed at preg­

nant women, lactating mothers, children under the age of three years and

anemic plantation labor, mainly in low-income cor:rmunities. The package

of nutrition measures under the various pilot projects would emphasize use

of local food resources; production of nutritious food in home gardens

primarily for own consumption; integrating existing knowledge with adaptations

resulting from nutrition research; education and manpower training; and better

methods of village food processing, preparation, storage and distribution.

The data and results obtained from the project would assist in formulating a

national food and nutrition plan.

3.03 The pilot action component would take place initially in two

Kabupatens in Bojonegora, typical of conditions prevailing on East Java,

and in Lombok, which represents the less densely populated areas. Two addi­

tional Kabupatens would be added in the second year. After a mid-project

review by the Bank and the Government, an additional three Kabupatens would

be included, making in all a total of seven Kabupatens l/ by the fourth year.

During the period of operation, the component would reach 180 villages,

including about 30,000 malnourished children, who would be rehabilitated.

About 100,000 families would receive nutrition education, including 45,000

pregnant and lactating village women. 17,000 pregnant and lactating women

would receive supplementary food. In addition, over 100,000 children would be

immunized against infectious diseases.

l/ The pilot Kabupatens selected are Bojonegoro in East Java and West Lombok in Nusa Tengarra Barat. Subsequently regencies will be se­lected for the project, one in each province; Central Java, South Sumatra, West Java, Yogyakarta and Bali.

_ _ _ j

- 19 -

B. Project Description

3.04 The proposed nu t rition development project would assist the Govern-

ment in:

(a) Institution Building

(i) Strengthening the Center for Research and Development in Nutrition (CRDN) at Bogar through funds for additional staff, training, technical assistance, necessary equipment and modest expansion of physical facilities.

(ii) Supporting the Food Technology Develop­ment Center (FTDC) at the Agricultural University, Bogor, with facilities, equipment and staff.

(iii) Strengthening of planning, coordination and evaluation of nutrition activities through technical assistance to the Ministries of Health, Education and Agriculture .

(b) Direct Nutrition Action Programs

(i) Initiation of a Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project (NIPP) which integrates nutrition, education, agricultural and health activities and selective food supplementation to vulnerable target groups in a total of seven Kabupatens.

(ii) Increasing the production of nutritious vegetables and fruits through intensifi­cation of home/village gardens through provision of improved seeds, development of model garden packages and intensifi­cation of extens i on efforts.

(iii) Improving food processing and storage, especially at village level, through assistance to the Food Technology Development Center which would in col­laboration with the Ministry of Agri­culture, develop an appropriate action program.

- 20 -

(iv) Initiation of an iron supplementation program to tackle nutritional anemia in a selected number of plantations with a view to developing a national program to cover all government and privately owned plantations.

(c) Education and Training

(i) Testing the efficiency of alternative nutrition communication methods to bring about desirable changes in nu­trition behavior.

(ii) Upgrading and expanding the training of nutritionists in the Academy of Nutrition at Jakarta by provision of equipment, staff and necessary physical facilities.

(iii) Improving the training of agricultural extentionists by introduction of nutri­tion in the curriculum of the basic training centers and the secondary agricultural schools of the Agency for Education, Training and Extension.

(d) Preparation of a National Food and Nutrition Plan

(i) Assist the Government in the preparation of a national food and nutrition plan by taking into account inter alia: the results of the evaluation of the various nutrition actions taken up under the proposed project and their cost effectiveness and replicability; manpower availability; and the managerial skills and institutions developed as a result of the project.

C. Linkages of the Proposed Nutrition Project with Ongoing Projects Assisted by the Bank

3.05 In addition to the general linkages between Indonesia's national

development program and nutrition (discussed in paras. 2.01 to 2.05),

specific ties would be established between the proposed nutrition devel­

opment project and ongoing activities assisted by the Bank. Most of these

- 21 -

are agricultural projects J_/ which are aimed at quantitative increases in

production rather than at increased efficiency of processing and storage or

qualitative (nutritional) improvement in foods consumed by the poorer sections

of the population. The proposed nutrition development project would concentrate

on these neglected aspects.

3.06 The Government, through its National Food Crops Extension Project

(Bank Loan 1267-IND; implementation period 1977-1982), would increase the

number of active extension agents, provide them with adequate training,

improve rural extension infrastructure and introduce sound extension methodo­

logies with emphasis on continuous training and regular farm visits. While

this extension project provides training solely for production support, it

also provides opportunities for future linkages with the nutrition development

project for educating extension workers at the Rural Extension Centers in

nutrition, horticulture and simple food-handling techniques. They could then

impart these methods to small farmers in an effort to encourage the optimal

production, storage and processing of foods, keeping in mind regional and

national nutrition requirements.

3.07 The Government's Agricultural Research and Extension Project (Bank

Loan 1179-IND; implementation period 1976 - 81), supports development of

production-oriented research for rice, "palawija" cro_ps (maize, soybeans,

sorghum and cassava), highland vegetables and rubber, and assisting in estab-

lishing national and regional information centers to prepare materials needed

J_/ Bank Group operations in Indonesia include 22 projects in the agri­cultural sector. The total of loans and credits approved amounts to US$528 million. These include: agricultural research and extension (2), agricultural commodity estates (5), irrigation rehabilitation (8), fertilizer (3), fisheries (2), beef cattle (1) and seeds (1).

- 22 -

for extension of research findings to small farmers. The centers for research

supported by the nutrition development project would coordinate closely with

agricultural research centers to help set research priorities, and to increase

the production of more nutritious varieties of cereals, legumes and vegetables

and to improve methods of food storage and processing (see paras. 3.12 and

3.13). The nutrition development project would provide for inclusion of

nutrition and horticulture into the curricula of the agricultural high schools

~ and the agricultural training and extension centers administered by the Agency

for Education, Training and Extension of the Ministry of Agriculture.

3.08 Indonesia has an active population program assisted by IDA Credit

300, Field staff of the proposed nutrition development project would evaluate

the relationship, disclosed in some studies, between improved nutritional

status and reduced infant mortality on the one hand, and reduced desired

family size and better acceptance of family planning on the other.

3.09 Nutrition development would also be linked with other government

initiatives e.g., the Transmigration Project (Bank Loan 1318), the currently

proposed Jakarta Urban Project, and the proposed sugar project, which would

offer possibilities for fortification of sugar with micro-nutrients.

D. Detailed Features

The Center for Research and Development in Nutrition (US$5.9 million)

3.10 The Government is in the process of converting the present Nutri-

ti.on Research Institute at Bogar to a Center for Research and Development

in Nutrition (CRDN). It will undertake operational nutrition research with a

view to assisting Government to formulate and evaluate a national food and

- 23 -

nutrition plan (see Annex 2). The Center will work closely with the Food

Technology and Development Center (FTDC), the Agency for (Agriculture) Research

Development (ARD) and the Agency for (Agricultural) Training and Extension -­

the latter two are supported under other Bank-assisted projects. The proposed

project would assist in staff development, expansion of physical facilities

and organizational support for the CRDN. In particular, work emphasis would

be on planning, monitoring and evaluation of direct nutrition intervention

programs such as the NIPP field activities proposed under this project. The

work of the Center would be handled by four divisions in the areas of food

sciences, clinical nutrition, community nutrition and socio-economics. 1../

The Food Sciences Division would study the effect of storage, pro­cessing and cooking procedures on the nutrient quality of foods with a view to developing better practices. It also would carry out adap­tive research on new weaning foods, using local products and new types of nutritious food mixtures. New methods so developed would be tried out in the field and passed on to FTDC for further development and large-scale extension. The Clinical Nutrition Division would carry out studies of nutritional problems from a clinical, physiological and biochemical standpoint. It would try to determine specific Indonesian calorie/protein needs for use in drawing up national food requirement estimates. This division would work with the Division of Community Nutrition in assessing the interface between productivity and nutrition, particularly in regard to iron therapy as a means of improving work output of labor. The Community Nutrition Division would be responsible for studies of nutritional status of communi­ties, relationships between nutrition education techniques and behav­ioral change, and nutrition as it affects infant mortality and desired family size. The division, through the project, would acquire tech­nical competence to design, supervise and analyze baseline and subse­quent nutritional surveys, managing this function in respect of the field components in the project as well as other nutrition-related activities in Indonesia. The Socio-Economic Division would: ana­lyze nutritional implications of existing agricultural and other pol­icies, and collaborate with the Agricultural University of Bogar and the Ministry of Agriculture in studying and suggesting policy changes to improve the nutritional status of the poor. The division would collate and analyze food production and consumption data by different regions and study the impact of nutrition in economic development in different sectors and areas.

- 24 -

3.11 In addition to its main research function, the Center would serve

as an important training institute, providing facilities for practical work

both in the laboratories and in the field, to train faculty for the Nutri­

tion Academy at Jakarta and the Agricultural University at Bogor. A unit

to coordinate these training activities would be established in the office of

the Director of CRDN.

Food Technology Development Center (US$5 . 5 million)

3.12 The Food Technology Development Center (FTDC), which is being set

up within the Agricultural University of Bogor, would work towards improving

the level of applied technology particularly with respect to village-level

processing and storage and ensuring its transfer to food industries and

agriculture. The FTDC would work in close coordination with the CRON, the

Agency for (Agricultural) Research and Development (ARD), the Directorate­

General of Food Crops and the Agency for (Agricultural) Training and Extension

(AETE) (see para. 5.01). Traditional processing and storage technology would

be studied as the basis for developing and testing more efficient methods.

Their performance could be evaluated for technical and cost effectiveness with

a view to developing a national storage program (see para. 3.25-3.26).

3.13 The FTDC's program would also include a study of efficient means of

rice drying, an important prerequisite to prevent deterioration during storage,

and developing packing methods to minimize storage and transport losses .

These activities will be closely coordinated with the agricultural research

programs supported through the Agricultural Research and Extension Project.

The Center also would investigate ways to improve food processing with a view

- 25 -

to increasing the nutritive value and yield of processed products. (For

example, it would explore rice parboiling presently not practiced in Indo­

nesia. Parboiling would reduce the vitamin losses which occur when rice is

polished, improve its value as a source of protein both in quantity and

quality and enhance its storage ability.) Other areas for operational study

by FTDC would be concerned primarily with methods to improve the utilization

of food in rural areas, but in addition, it would carry out work related to

the food processing industry. Operational research would focus on assessing

opportunities for food fortification; preservation of perishable crops;

increasing the nutritional value of processed foods; utilization of waste

products such as rice bran; the processing of foods for urban markets and for

export; and methods of quality control. To ensure that FTDC's work is opera­

tionally oriented, experimental designs would be tested first in simple food

storage and processing units adjacent to FTDC which simulate village condi­

tions; thereafter satisfactory prototypes would be tested in rural areas.

3.14 FTDC would establish a pilot extension unit which would:

(a) act as a link between the FTDC and selected villages;

(b) transmit information about existing storage and processing practices to FTDC;

(c) introduce new methods to the selected vil­lages, and

(d) help train government extension service per­sonnel in these methods; and

(e) cooperate with the University Extension Center at Begor.

l

- 26 -

3.15 The facilities of the Center would train food technology students

of the Agricultural University, Bogor. The Center also would provide short

courses for the extension staff of the Department of Agriculture, food in­

dustry technicians and nutritionists. The project component also would

assist Center staff development through training opportunities locally and

abroad to 18 graduate candidates and 28 undergraduate candidates. Additional

information concerning this component appears in Annex 2.

Direct Nutrition Action Programs

3.16 The Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project (NIPP)(US$2.6 million) The

NIPP component would implement various nutrition actions or interventions ll

to improve the nutritional status of vulnerable groups in rural communities

(see Annex 4 for details), The primary objective of the nutrition interventions

would be to reduce PCM and related diseases among children under the age of

three, and among pregnant women and lactating mothers. Such improvements

~ would be sought through a combination of nutrition education, supplemental

feeding of the target population at PCM risk, supply of iodized salt, vitamin

A and iron supplements to reduce the incidence of other nutrition deficiencies,

and supportive health activities such as immunization. An action program

would focus on increasing the production of nutritious food for home consumption

through encouragement of home gardens. This will go together with nutrition

education activities to increase the utilization of nutritious foods. Further

action programs in the ~IPP area would deal with improvements of storage and

ll Nutrition intervention is a term used for activities to bring about an improvement in nutritional status.

- 27 -

processing practices. The Government's BIMAS/INMAS programs would

coordinate at a later stage their activities with NIPP plans of action.

3.17 The proposed NIPP activities would draw on Indonesia's experience

with the Applied Nutrition Program (ANP) and the results of the 1974 eval­

uation of ANP. (The main difference between the proposed NIPP and ANP are

detailed in Annex 4.) In the NIPP areas advisory committees originally estab­

lished for Ai'l'P at provincial headquarters and Kabupaten levels would now

review and advise on NIPP programs which will take the place of the ANP .

These committees would be extended to the sub-district level (Kecametan)

as part of the project.

3.18 In each NIPP village, volunteer cadres, mostly women -- at the

rate of about one per 25 households -- would be chosen from among extension

workers, teachers and social workers. Butsi 1__/ volunteers would supervise

these cadres. Both the Butsi volunteers and the cadres would be trained in

methods of identification of existing and potential PCH cases, simple means

of nutrition education and procedures for ensuring efficient delivery of food

supplements. The cadres would check monthly the weight of children. Those

with unsatisfactory gains indicating existing and potential PCM cases then

1__/ Butsi volunteers are a type of Indonesian youth corps working in villages.

- 28 -

receive free food supplements based as far as feasible on locally produced

food. The malnourished pregnant and lactating mothers eligible for food

supplementation would be selected on the basis of agreed criteria, chief among

which would be low family income levels. Nutrition education emphasizing the

importance of adequate child feeding would accompany the food supplementation,

since in the long-run the teaching of better feeding is far more important

than the curative aspect of supplementary feeding programs. MCH personnel

also would visit the villages periodically to give immunizations and these

costs would be supported by the project. The project would strengthen ongoing

government programs for rural water supply in selected villages.

3.19 It is expected when NIPP becomes a national program the costs of

selective food supplementation and immunization in a typical village (popula­

tion 3,000) would be around US$700 annually, amounting to annual per capita

costs of US$0.23. The Government expects that l ocal communities would

ultimately share in the costs of food supplement. 1./

1./ Ultimate annual recurrent costs of NIPP for a typical village (population 3,000 ) :

A. Cost of Food Supplementation Number Cost Pe r

Total Supplemented Unit Costs US$ Annum US$

Children under 3 337 19 4.2 80 Pregnant women 137 27 6. 3 170 Lactating mothers 120 25 10 .7 268

Sub-Total 518

B. Cost of Immunization 120

Sub-Total (A) +B) 638

c. Overheads @ 10 percent 64 To ta l ultimate recurrent c osts 702

Cost per capital US$ 0 . 23 --

- 29 -

3.20 Baseline data would be collected in the NIPP areas under the tech-

nical supervision of CRDN. CRDN would be responsible for surveying nutri­

tional status and evaluating the results of nutritional and other activi­

ties on both a midterm and final basis. These evaluations, which would

take into account both the nutritional and cost effectiveness of the var­

ious nutrition interventions, would help to determine feasible replicability

and thus provide the basis for the formulation of a national food and nutri­

tion program.

3.21 The Government would prepare a detailed plan of operations for

each NIPP Kabupaten indicating the villages to be selected and the plan­

ning of various activities including particularly: arrangements for food

procurement; processing and distribution; program for selection and train­

ing of village cadres; coordination of health activities; specific loca­

tion of villages for supportive water supply programs; and agricultural

extension work related to establishment of village-home gardens, storage

and processing. These plans would be prepared at each Kabupaten headquarter

in consultation with the local nutrition committees approved by the provin­

cial Bappeda (Planning Authority) and submitted to the Bappenas and the

Ministries of Health and Agriculture through the national coordinator of

NIPP. The first year of NIPP operation in each Kabupaten would be devoted

to preparing plans for operations, staff training, field trial of food sup­

plements and procurement of equipment.

3.22 At the national level, NIPP would be managed by a coordinator in

the Ministry of Health; assisted by a provincial nutrition program officer

and an assistant nutrition program officer (ANPO) at Kabupaten level. The

- 30 -

coordination of the different agencies involved at Kabupaten level necessi­

tates the A.~PO working under the administrative control of the Bupati, the

executive head of the Kabupaten.

3.23 Assurances would be sought from Government that:

3.24

(a) The plan of operations for the initial two NIPP Kabupatens would be submitted to the Bank for review prior to implementation.

(b) A review of the NIPP would be conducted at the end of the second year of operation with a view to detennining any necessary changes of program direction and content.

(c) The selection of new Kabupatens would be made in consultation with the Bank, according to criteria to be agreed with the Bank (see Annex 4 para. 7).

Action Program for Home/Village Gardens (US$0.5 million) : Increasing

the production and availability of nutritious vegetables and fruits through

intensification of home-gardens has been a part of the Applied Nutrition

Program . Such an improvement program would be an important aspect of NIPP

plans of operations, and would be implemented through the existing agricul­

tural extension service, initially under NIPP management . In order to estab-

lish the necessary demonstration effect the program would be provided for

a 3 year period on a grant basis. Thereafter, the Government and the Bank

would review the results and in light of the findings determine whether this

subcocrponenc should be converted to a credit program to be administered under

BD1AS. 1__/ Assurances to this effect would be sought during negotiations. A

total of 18,000 individual farmers in the NIPP villages would receive an ini­

tial supply of seeds and other inputs needed for home gardens. Comraunity

efforts would be mobilized through the Lurah and village nutrition cadres

1/ Recently, the Government expended the BD1AS program to commercially marketed vegetables on an experimental basis.

e

- 31 -

in setting up village gardens - for each village - on communally owned land.

A part of the output of these gardens would be used for food supplementation

of the nutritionally vulnerable groups. At the time of full project imple­

mentation the additional production of vegetables from these home/village

gardens would reach a value of about US$500,000 annually.

3.25 The lack of improved vegetable seeds constitutes a severe con-

straint to production. The project would provide for imports of vegetable

seeds which would be tested during the first year of the project at the

Bogor Agricultural University before being used in the NIPP areas. The

Bogor Agricultural University, in cooperation with the Directorate General

of Food Crops and the ARD, would also undertake field testing of recently

developed model home/village garden packages, taking into account what is

agronomically and economically feasible as well as acceptable to small

farmers . The above institutions would also develop:

(i) a list of vegetables, tree crops , tubers and other plants that can be grown in home/vil­lage gardens of the different NIPP areas;

(ii) methods of laying out demonstration seed gardens which can be replicated in vil­lages; and

(iii) training curricula and schedules for village extension workers.

Assurances would be sought from the Government that the Directorate General

of Food Crops, Hinistry of Agriculture, would allocate the necessary additional

extension staff to the selected NIPP areas.

3.26 Action Program for On-Farm and Village Level Storage (US$0.2 million):

The FTDC would, on the basis of a twelve month study, prepare an action

program for improved traditional storage on village level, using as far as

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possible local materials. This program would be discussed in a seminar

in order to finalize details of implementation. This action program could

then be implemented in the seven NIPP Kabupatens during the remaining period.

3.27 Based on tentative cost estimates for providing village storage,

the project includes funding for the establishment of small-scale storage

units in those NIPP villages which have no storage facilities at present.

The total capacity of these units would be 300 tons. These units would be

on a pilot basis, varying in size from 1 to 10 tons, based on intermediate

technology and managed by the BUUD (local village cooperative). The storage

would be provided to the BUUD on a loan basis in accordance with the existing

credit terms under the Food Storage Program. Monitoring and evaluation of

this sub-component would be undertaken by the FTDC (see para. 3.12-3.15).

Anemia Prevention and Control Pilot Project - Plantations (US$0.2 million):

3 . 28 Nutritional anemia among plantation workers particularly due to

iron deficiency has been recognized as a main factor causing low labor pro­

ductivity. The main objective of this component is to test the logis-

tical feasibility of establishing a delivery system for iron supplementation

with a view to ultimate replication on a national sale. This component

(detailed in Annex 5) would initiate an integrated program of attack on

nutritional anemia on three government owned plantations two in East Java each

with about 500 workers and one in North Sumatra, with about 1,000 workers,

taking full advantage of the plantation's system of medical and health care

facilities . The inclusion of 10 small, privately owned plantations, each

employing about 100 workers, located in South Sulawesi and West Sumatra

is planned at a later stage provided the Directorate of Occupational Health of

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the Ministry of Manpower, Transmigration and Cooperatives can establish a

delivery and health system in these localities. It is expected that the

ultimate number of beneficiaries would be around 10,000. The activities in

the program would comprise of:

(i) the supply of iron pills to cure nutritional anemic plantation workers;

(ii) arrangements for tackling the problem of hook­worm infection through medication and provi­sion of shoes; and

(iii) arrangements for delivery of iron fortified salt to workers to ensure that an adequate iron level is maintained.

3.29 The CRDN would be in charge of baseline surveys and final eva-

luation. The scientific and technical design of the component would be the

responsibility of the CRDN and the National Institute for Industrial Hygiene

and Occupational Health (NILHOH) with close cooperation of the Directorate

General of Plantations, Hinistry of Agriculture . The actual field adminis­

tration would be carried out by the Regional Institute of Industrial Hygiene

and Occupational Health (RILHOH). Both national and regional institutes are

under the General Directorate of Occupational Health, ~linistry of ~1anpower

Transmigration and Cooperation . The feasibility of the delivery system

proposed vis-a-vis the plantation administration and health clinics would be

evaluated. Initially, the iron supplementation would be given on grant basis

to the plantations, with average annual cost of less than US$1 per person.

If, as is expected, the increased labor productivity would be significantly

greater than the cost of iron supplementation and helminthic suppression, then

a general application of the measures would be initiated by government regula­

tions with the individual estates bearing the cost. Assurances to this effect

- 34 -

would be sought during negotiations. In case the general application will

arise, NILHOH would have to be strengthened in order to initiate, implement

and monitor a national program. Provision has been made for such action.

Nutrition Communication and Behavioral Change (US$1.0 million)

3.30 The 1973 evaluation study of the Applied Nutrition Program found

that even in the better off families surveyed who were able to afford enough

food, 41 percent were deficient in both protein and calorie intake. This

finding gives an indication of the lack of knowledge about the use of avail­

able food. Food habits relating to choice of foods, methods of preparing and

cooking foods, distribution of foods within the family, weaning practices and

feeding the sick child are likely to be responsible for the gap between food

availability and consumption. Attempts have been made in the past to improve

utilization of available foods through nutrition education, but conventional

nutrition education has not succeeded. Behavioral constraints are among the

critical factors bringing about improvement in nutritional status.

3.31 The general objective of this component (detailed in Annex 6) would

be to identify the most critical behavioral constraints and develop measures

to bring about desirable changes in nutritional behavior in the selected areas

for later replication on a national scale. Among the specific objectives

would be:

(i) to develop the know-how and skills required to overcome behavioral problems and im­plement remedial measures;

(ii) to reflect the above in the content of nutri­tional messages and to select the appropriate media mix to be used and the methods o operation;

- 35 -

(iii) to train village cadres as the contact per­sonnel, sub-district staff to supervise them and technicians to handle the communications equipment;

(iv) to identify the contribution of mass media and prepare test material potentially useful for wider application;

(v) to develop feasible and replicable techniques as nutrition communication, for subsequent inclusion in the national nutrition plan.

Workshops, meetings and seminars at various administrative levels would be

required. Baseline information with respect to food habits and nutritional

status of the population would be used for planning the education program

and later for the evaluation of its effectiveness. This work would be car-

ried out by the CRDN. The immediate program would test the behavioral re­

sponse of people to nutrition communication in one Kabupaten each of Central

Java, Yogyakarta and South Sumatra, one of which would be in a NIPP area.

These Kabupatens have been selected as Units for Community Development (UDKP)

under the second Development Plan. The three areas comprise of 36 villages

with about 110,000 direct beneficiaries.

3.32 The messages would be communicated through village cadres, the

utilization of audio-visual equipment and seminars. The component would

provide for tests of nutrition education messages, to ensure that messages

would be interpreted as intended. Village cadres, mostly women, would engage

in interpersonal communication with members of the communities. They would be

selected by the village people from among members of voluntary organizations

(PKK), i.e. community development workers, paramedical personnel or informal

leaders. One cadre would be responsible for 50 households, so that on average

- 36 -

each village would have 12 cadres. Three villages would be under one

Kabupaten supervisor who would also be responsible for the initial one month

training of cadres and for organizing periodic cadre meetings as a means to

feedback information. Also, the component would provide audio-visual equip­

ment to simulate T.V. and radio broadcasts and their relative costs and

effectiveness would be evaluated. Through feedback from the use of this

equipment, "soft ware" of nutrition messages would be developed for subsequent

use in the national nutrition plan and for utilizing the mass communications

hardware provided through other government projects in education and extension

assisted by the Bank. Close liaison with the Office of Education Development,

Ministry of Education, would ensure that the nutritional soft ware would be

incorporated in the overall program for the communication satellite being

developed. The component would provide an educational technologist/ communi­

cations consultant for one year to advise on the most efficient and effective

use of Indonesia's media (the type and quantity of various media to be used,

the staff and training required, the production facilities needed and the

necessary coordination mechanisms), as well as fellowships to train

specialists in communication techniques for nutrition education.

3.33 The component would be managed by the Chairman of the Center for

:Manpower Training, Ministry of Health, who would be project director and

would be assisted by a team of four full-time specialists in nutrition,

health, communications and administration.

Nutrition Manpower Training (US$1.5 million)

3.34 Training for Nutritionists: This component provides facilities

including additional equipment, building and staff to the Academy of Nucri­

tion, the major nutrition school in Indonesia, to increase its output of

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nutritionists from 25 to 60 graduates a year. The Academy gives three

years of training (beyond 12 years of basic education) in community nutri­

tion and dietetics. Expanding the Academy would help to bridge the antici­

pated gap of 400 nutritionists between the estimated demand, by 1985, of

750 nutritionists and availability of around 350 . Financing would be pro­

vided for two teaching laboratories, a library and an audio-visual room and

related facilities and equipment as well as fellowships for development and

training of existing staff and those to be newly recruited. The curriculum

of the Academy, which is currently undergoing revision, would be further

improved taking into account the advice of the CRDN and FTDC and the expe­

rience of the NIPP and nutrition education components . (In addition, the

components relating to CRDN, FTDC, NIPP and Nutrition Education include all

training elements for diffe rent levels of technical personnel, as part of

staff development. Particularly, the training activities contemplated as

part of NIPP would cover nearly 2,000 village cadres).

3 . 35 Training for Agriculture Extension Staff: To improve the effec-

tiveness of the agriculture extension staff in the field of nutrition pro­

visions would be made for inclusion of nutrition and home gardens into the

curricula of the agricultural high schools and the agricultural training and

extension centers. Substantive agreement has been reached with the Agency

for Education, Training and Extension (AETE) of the Ministry of Agriculture

to work out detailed curricula . Agreement has been reached that training

of extension workers specializing in home gardens in the NIPP areas will

be undertaken through the Rural Extension Center (REC) und e r the Directorate

General for Food Crops, ninistry of Agriculture . This subcomponent would

- 38 -

finance only the incremental cost of the AETE and the REC for curriculum

development, equipment and recruitment of instructors. Annex 7 contains

the details of this component.

Technical Assistance and Fellowships (USS2.8 million)

3.36 The project would provide a total of about 35 man-years of technical

assistance estimated to cost US$1.6 million, financed under different components.

(Detailed terms of reference for consultants are included in the relevant

Annexes.) For CRDN and FTDC experts in the fields of community nutrition, food

policy, nutrition research and food technology would be provided. Consultancies

for nutrition education would include assistance for preparation of training

manuals and advice on nutrition communication. A training consultant would

advise on the training of the large number of village cadres. At project

management level, a project specialist would advise the project director on

the integrated operation of different components of the project, their monitor­

ing and evaluation. The project also provides 24 man months of consultancy

to assist the Government in the preparation of a national food and nutrition

~ plan (see para 3.38). Two man-years of consultancy would be provided to

strengthen the food and nutrition unit set up under the Planning Bureau

of the Xinistry of Agriculture (see Annex 8b). Such technical assistance

would focus also on the inclusion of nutritional considerations in national

agricultural policy planning. Of particular significance would be the options

for increasing high calorie, nutritious food within present and future re-

source constraints.

3.37 Fellowships included in the project would provide for training of

44 Indonesian experts either locally or abroad in nutrition and food tech­

nology. Short-term study tours are also provided under the nutrition educa-

tion component for seven staff members.

- 39 -

Preparation of a National Food and Nutrition Plan

3.38 The experience gained in the implementation and evaluation of the

proposed project would be the basis for the formulation of a national food

and nutrition plan for inclusion in the Third National Development Plan,

starting in 1980. The Project Director, assisted by staff in the monitoring

and evaluation unit and consultants provided under technical assistance,

would be in charge of the plan preparation. In this task, he would draw on

the contributions of the CRDN (with respect to evaluation of the nutritional

effectiveness of various components), the FTDC (with respect to evaluation

and formulation of storage and processing activities), and the Food and

Nutrition Unit in the Ministry of Agriculture (with respect to the nutritional

aspects of agricultural policies and projects). The evaluation of different

components of the project would help develop national replicable and cost

effective nutrition delivery systems. Studies included under monitoring and

evaluation would focus on design of agricultural and industrial policies and

programs to optimise nutritional benefits to the vulnerable sections of the

lower 40 percent of Indonesia's population. The planning staff of the

Project Director would utilize these studies and the contributions of CRDN,

FTDC and FNU to develop a national program to be presented through the

Technical Commission to the Ministerial Committee. The final draft of the

national food and nutrition plan would be reviewed by BAPPENAS in consultation

with the Bank.

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IV. COSTS, FINANCING, PROCUREMENT AND DISBURSEMENTS

4.01 Project Costs: Total project costs, including contingencies, are

estimated at US$26.0 million equivalent. Cost estimates by expenditure cate­

gories are given in Table 2 and by component in Table 3. Details are in

Annex 10.

4.02 Cost estimates are updated to June 1976 prices. All operating costs

are incremental. Physical contingencies have been applied at a rate of 10 per­

cent to all civil works and at 5 percent to all other items. The provision

for expected price contingencies has been computed based on the following

projection of inflation rates:

4.03

Table 1:

Civil works

Equipment and services

PROJECTED ANNUAL INFLATION RATES In Percent

1976

14

10

1977

12

8

1978

12

8

1979

12

8

1980

10

7

Project Financing: Project costs would be financed by an IBRD loan

of US$13 million covering the foreign exchange costs and 10 percent of local

costs of the project. The remaining US$13 million would be financed by the

Government of Indonesia.

4 .04 Procurement: l./ Civil works contracts in excess of US$ 1.0 million

mainly for construction of research and training facilities at the CRDN, the

FTDC and the Nutrition Academy (US$5 . 9 million) -- would be awarded on the basis

of international competitive bidding in accordance with the Bank's guidelines.

l_/ Costs in this section are shown without physical and price contingencies.

- 41 -

Contracts below this amount would be awarded on the basis of competitive

bidding, advertised locally, with no restriction on foreign bidding, and in

accordance with normal government procedures which are satisfactory to the

Bank. For purpose of bid comparison for civil works contracts, local contrac­

tors would receive a preference of 7-1/2 percent. Indonesia has a viable

local contracting industry and it is expected that local contractors would win

all bids for civil works. ·Research and information equipment (US$2.5 million)

is specialized in character and service after sales is of critical importance.

Contracts for equipment, including furniture, which cannot reasonably be

grouped in packages of at least US$50,000 equivalent, subject to an aggregate

total of US$3.4 million equivalent, could be procured on the basis of competi­

tive bidding based on local advertisement and in accordance with normal

government procedures, which are satisfactory to the Bank. Contracts in

excess of US$50,000 would be awarded on the basis of international competitive

bidding, in accordance with the Bank's guidelines; domestic manufacturers

would be allowed a preferential margin of 15 percent, or the existing customs

duty, whichever is the lower, over the c.i.f. price of competing imports.

With respect to vehicles (US$520,000), procurement would be on the basis of

international competitive bidding, subject to Bank guidelines. Assurances

would be sought during negotiations that the Government issues a formal waiver

of the current restriction on import of vehicles, so far as the proposed

project equipment is concerned. For the start-up of the project ten automo­

biles would be procured locally for which finance up to 40 percent of local

costs would be provided. Selection of consultants paid for by the project

would be made in accordance with Bank guidelines.

4.05 Disbursements: The loan would meet 50 percent o f the project costs.

Disbursement would be made on the following basis:

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(a) 100 percent of costs for both foreign and local consultants and fellowships;

(b) 100 percent of the c.i.f. value of directly imported equipment, library supplies and furniture, 95 percent of the ex-factory price of equipment manufactured locally, and 65 percent of imported equipment procured locally;

(c) 100 percent of the c.i.f. value of imported vehicles, and 40 percent of the total cost of vehicles procured locally; and

(d) 80 percent of civil works expenditures.

Undisbursed funds would be available for reallocation to other components or

activities related to project, contingent on Bank approval. Expenditures for

consultant architects incurred after October 1975 would be financed retroactively

from the proposed loan up to a total of US$50,000 equivalent, the estimated

disbursement schedule is shown in Annex 12.

4.06 Accounts and Audit: Each of the project entities would maintain

separate accounts of expenditures under the project, which would be audited

annually by the government auditors according to standard practice. The Pro­

ject Director would maintain accounts of his own expenditures under the pro-

ject together with statements of project expenditures by participating enti-

ties. Copies of audited accounts of project expenditures would be forwarded

to the Bank by the Project Director within four months of the end of each fis­

cal year . Assurances would be sought during negotiations that these proce-

dures would be followed.

- 43 -

Table 2: EXPENDITURE BY CATEGORIES US$'000

Local Foreign Total FE% Base Costs %

1. Civil Works J, 735 2,180 5,915 37 31.4

2. Vehicles & Furniture

1. Vehicles 95 425 520 82 2.8 2. Equipment 310 2,218 2,528 88 13.4

Sub-Total 2. 405 2,643 3,048 87 16.2

3. Technical Assistance

1. Advisors 278 1,178 1,456 81 7.7 2. Fellowships 813 735 1,548 47 8.3

Sub-Total 3. 1,091 1,913 3,004 64 16.0

4. Incremental Operating Costs

1. Salaries 2,497 2,497 13.3 2. Health Activities 37 135 172 78 Q.9 3. Agricultural Activities 824 so 874 6 4.7 4. Education Materials 370 so 420 12 2.2 5. Books and Journals 75 225 300 75 1.6 6. Travel 288 17 305 6 1.6 7. Mass Media 90 10 100 10 0.5 8. Food Supplement 307 307 1.6 9. Other 1,317 179 1 496 14 8.0

Sub-Total 4. 5,805 666 6,471 11 34.4

s. Evaluation 370 370 2.0

Base Cost 11,406 7,402 18,808 39 100.0 Physical Contingency 738 486 1,225 40 6.5 Price Contingency 3,666 2,311 5,977 39 31.8

Total Project Cost 15,784 10,226 26,010 39 138 .3

- 44 -

Table 3: SUMMARY OF COSTS BY COMPONENTS US$'000

Component Local Foreign Total FE%

Center for Research and Development in Nutrition 3,380 2,481 5,861 l+2

Food Technology Development Center 2,441 3,084 5,525 56

Direct Nutrition Action Programs:

(a) NIPP 1,990 597 2,587 23 (b) Home/Village Gardens 500 500 ( c) Action Program for Village

Level Storage 180 20 200 10 (d) Anemia Prevention Program 144 30 174 17

Nutrition Education 811 217 1,028 21

Training:

Nutrition Academy 1,025 420 1,445 29 Assistance to Agricultural

Extension Training 248 11 259 4

Organization and Management 567 472 1,039 45

Assistance for Preparation of a National Program 120 70 190 37

Total Base Costs 11,406 7,402 18,808 39

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V. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

A. Project Organization (See Annex 7)

5 . 01 Each of the components of the project would be implemented within

the existing organizational structure of Government. The CRDN in the Ministry

of Health, and the FTDC in the Ministry of Education, would be administered by

their respective directors, assisted by financial and procurement staff. Both

institutes would laise closely and would coordinate their work with the Agency

for (Agricultural) Research and Development (ARD), the Directorate General of

Food Crops and the Agency for (Agricultural) Training and Extension (AETE).

To this end, a Research Coordinating Board of Directors would be established.

It would report annually to the Technical Commission of the Ministerial

Committee. The Directors of CRDN and FTDC would assume chairmanship in

rotation. Membership would include a representative of BAPPENAS, of the

Ministries of Agriculture, Health and Industry; a sociologist from IPB; and a

representative from the Directorate General of Food Crops and the AETE so that

problems of implementation and extension would be brought to the notice of the

research institutes. Provision has been made under technical assistance for

international experts . Assurances would be sought during negotiations that

the Board would be set up no later than August 1, 1977 on terms and conditions

satisfactory to the Bank and that annual progress reports of research activi­

ties be sent to the Bank.

5.02 The NIPP component would be administered at the national level by 2

Coordinator stationed in the Ministry of Health, whose staff would include three

assistant nutrition program officers. The Coordinator would report directly to

the Director General of Community Health, Ministry of Health. In each province

- 46 -

where NIPP would operate, the Governor of the Province would be responsible

for the coordination and implementation of the nutrition program. At the

Kabupaten level, the Bupatis who are under the overall supervision of the

Ministry of Interior, would be responsible for management and control of

NIPP activities.

5.03 The Anemia Prevention and Control Project for plantations would be

administered in the field by NILHOH through delegation to RILHOHs, each

of which would work in close collaboration with the Directorate General

of Plantations, Ministry of Agriculture. The training and nutrition educa­

tion component would be the responsibility of the Chairman for the Center

of Manpower Training in the Ministry of Health. All civil works involved in

the proposed project would be implemented through the engineering organization

of the Ministry of Health.

5.04 The overall coordination of the project would rest with the Direc-

tor General of Community Health in the Ministry of Health, the designated

Project Director. The Project Director would be assisted by a full-time pro­

ject manager, designated as Executive Secretary, a Deputy Executive Secretary

and special staff for finance and procurement. A separate Monitoring and

Evaluation Unit consisting of two planning officers would also report to the

Executive Secretary. The Project Director and his staff would be able co

draw on the services of a part-time panel of experts. In addition, the pro­

ject provides a full-time management expert to assist the Project Director in

the first two years of the project. To ensure the full cooperation of the

Ministries of Interior, Education and Agriculture, a part-time co-director

will be nominated from each of these ministries to work in close cooperation

with the Project Director in identifying and solving problems of interminis­

terial coordination.

- 47 -

s.os The Project Director would be responsible for (i) monitoring the

progress of the project, (ii) ensuring interministerial and agency coordina­

tion, and (iii) coordinating the activities of the different components. He

would ensure also the provision of adequate appropriations under the different

ministerial budgetary requests and coordinate the flow of funds to various

project entities. The Project Director would have the responsibility for

making withdrawal requests to the Bank. The Project Management Specialist

provided under technical assistance would assist the Project Director in

reviewing the annual budget provisions. Assurances would be sought during

negotiations that the Government would finalize the annual budget provisions

for the various components in consultation with the Bank.

5.06 The current Director General of Community Health, a person with

excellent managerial capabilities and the administrator of the successful

rural health program will be the first Project Director. Subsequent Project

Directors, the project manager and coordinator of NIPP would be appointed

after prior consultation with the Bank. Assurances to this effect would be

sought during negotiations.

B. Monitoring and Evaluation (See Annex 8)

Progress of Components-Monitoring

5.07 To ensure that implementation of the project meets the prescribed

goals, data on key indicators of progress would be reported monthly to the

Project Director by each Project Officer. These reports would be reviewed by

the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit and recommendations would be made to the

Executive Secretary who would initiate remedial action. The formats of

- 48 -

the reports would be designed in such a manner as to help analyse the extent

of progress in critical areas of work and act as early warning signals of

delay. Each Project Officer would indicate in his report to the Project

Director the types of action taken at his level to anticipate, correct and

avoid slippages. Once a quarter, the Project Director would conduct a meeting

of project officers and other agencies concerned with implementation, with a view

to removing bottlenecks and ensuring coordination. The Project Director would

be responsible for the preparation of semi-annual reports to the BAPPENAS,

the Ministries of Health, Agriculture and People's Welfare, and to the Bank .

These reports would cover particularly, the progress of civil works, procure­

ment, recruitment and training of key personnel, research on village-level

storage and processing and implementation of field-level activities on the

NIPP and the plantation components. Assurances to this effect would be

sought during negotiations.

Experimental Evaluation

5.08 One of the important aspects of the project concerns the evaluation

of effectiveness of different combinations of activities in NIPP areas in

improving the effectiveness of different combinations of nutritional status

and of the delivery system for iron supplementation in plantations in order to

raise labor productivity. This technical evaluation would be carried out

by experts of CRDN, in particular, the Divisions of Community Nutrition and

Socioeconomics. CRDN would design the initial, baseline, intermediate and

final sample surveys of nutritional status and supervise the data collection.

Similarly, CRDN and sociological experts of the Agricultural University,

Bogar, would assist in designing and carrying out surveys of nutritional

behavioral responses to the nutrition education tests proposed in the project.

- 49 -

5.09 The Research Coordinating Board would evaluate the research programs

of the CRDN and FTDC and advise on redirection of resources, where necessary,

to high priority problem areas.

Program Evaluation

5.10 Program evaluation would be undertaken directly by the Monitoring and

Evaluation Unit under the Project Director, with assistance from consultants,

both local and foreign.l_/ The resources of CRDN and FTDC would also be

available for this purpose. Studies to be undertaken would include:

(a) Review and analysis of project results, based on actual costs, with a view to formulate a national food and nutrition program.

(b) Review of the operational significance and costs of re­search programs initiated and carried out by CRDN and FTDC, with special emphasis on replicability of findings.

(c) Relationships between nutrition and productivity.

(d) Development of food processing and its effect on em­ployment.

5.11 The results of both the experimental and program evaluation which

would be made available to the Bank through the Project Director, would be the

basis on which the Project Director would prepare proposals for a national

food and nutritional program for consideration by the Technical Commission and

BAPPENAS.

1./ An advisory panel of experts is provided for under the project, to advise the Project Director.

- so -

VI. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION

6.01 By the end of the second year of project operations, the Project

Director would have prepared recommendations to Government on the most effec­

tive activities for inclusion in the national food and nutrition program of

the Third Development Plan (1979-84). These recommendations would be based

on the monitoring and evaluation results of the various nutrition activities

applied in the Kabupatens designated as NIPP areas and other project compo­

nents. By the end of the three-year operational NIPP period in each selected

village, the incidence of PCM would be sought to be reduced by 60 percent of

the initial rate, infant mortality reduced by 20 percent. In the plantations

the incidence of nutritional anemia is expected to be reduced by 60 percent. l./

Coverage would also be offered to combat vitamin A and iodine deficiencies.

6.02 By the end of the project period, the CRDN and FTDC would be fully

established and oriented towards their primary role of problem solving. The

CRDN would have a professional staff of 44, and the FTDC would have 23 profes-

sionals. Both institutions would have teaching functions in addition to their

applied research. The Nutrition Academy would be training students at the

rate of 60 graduates per year to the Bachelor of Science level for service

in institutions including CRDN as well as in community nutrition activities.

6 . 03 It is also expected that theoretical and practical training in

program management would have been given by the CRDN and the Academy of

Nutrition to 64 nutrition program officers and assistant nutrition program

officers . At a lower level, 183 village assistant program officers and about

2,600 members of cadres for nutrition extension services would have been

trained .

1/ The attainment of these targets will be monitored with the reference to the results of the baseline surveys.

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- 51 -

6.04 The Food and Nutrition Unit to be set up in the Ministry of Agri-

culture is expected to be fully operational and staffed by the end of the pro­

ject period. It is anticipated that this unit will have become instrumental

in assessing and including nutritional considerations into agricultural plan­

ning.

6.05 An operationally feasible program for improved village-level food

storage and village-level food processing would also have been designed,

implemented and evaluated with a view to replication on a national scale

within a year after the end of the project period . In addition, arrangements

would have been set up for coordination of research programs in agricultural

food technology and nutrition research institutions with other agricultural

research institutes. Possible results would include improved crop varieties

with nutritionally desirable qualities, more efficient techniques of food

processing and storage, and methods for fortification of Indonesia's foods

with necessary micro- nutrients . Also, techniques of nutrition education using

traditional and new media would have been tested in the field and the national

nutrition education campaign would have better tools to work with. Competent

nutritionists trained in the Academy would be available to extend community

nutrition activities. Agricultural extension staff would have been trained

in the areas of nutrition and homegardening which would improve the effective­

ness of the extension system, particularly for those in rural areas who are

not so well off.

6.06 In the NIPP areas, production and effective availability of nutri-

tious foods would have been increased through home gardens, better storage

and processing. A simplified nutrition surveillance system together with

- 52 -

improved health care would have been established in these villages. In the

selected plantations an effective delivery system for iron supplementation

would be established. The monitoring and evaluation of the alternative

measures in the NIPP areas and in the plantations would lead to recommenda­

tions on the most effective nutrition activities for incorporation in the

food and nutrition plan of the Third Development Plan to commence in 1980.

6.07 In the short run, the proposed project would strengthen Indonesia's

institutional capacity to determine and analyze the nature and dimensions of

the national nutrition problem and to develop means of optimizing the use of

national food resources as prerequisites to preparing and implementing a na­

tional nutrition action program. Bank support would help in institutionalizing

and effective approach to coordination, execution and evaluation of this

effort and the resulting nationwide nutrition program to be developed for

inclusion in the next Development Plan.

6.08 Implementation of the nutrition strategy developed through the pro-

ject would bring long-run benefits by optimizing the use of food resources

and increasing the productivity and therefore the income of those whose mal­

nutrition is a direct result of their poverty. Food availability would be

raised through coordination with programs intended co expand production of

staple foods for local consumption, and through improved means of village­

level food storage and processing. To insure that this food avilability

benefits the poorest, requires not only that appropriate agricultural distri­

bution arrangements be adopted but also that the poor are educated as to their

nutritional needs and how most economically to meet them . This is a major

objective of the project. Because nutrition activities would be part of a

- 53 -

broader development program in the Development Plan which is designed to

generate employment, enhancing the productive capacity of a better-nourished

population would be increasingly well-utilized and would allow the poor to

raise their incomes and become nutritionally more self-sufficient.

6.09 The proposed project is intended to reach the poorest segment of

the population, and within that group to concentrate on those most vulner­

able to malnutrition. Benefits from project activities directed at infants

and pre-school children, pregnant and lactating women, while having the

longest lead-time and being the most difficult to measure, nonetheless

have the greatest impact in improving the quality of human capital formation

(see para. 2.03). The returns to these preventive measures would derive

from:

(a) the improved quality and productivity of Indonesia's work force;

(b) the better utilization of Indonesia's education system by a healthier group of students; and

(c) better utilization of the health system.

The higher rate of survival of children also leads to a more suitable atmos­

phere for effective family planning campaigns and may, in the long run,

reduce desired family size.

6.10 In addition to the project benefits which are national in scope,

o ther immediate side-benefits can be expected in NIPP areas. The NIPP opera­

tions build on existing nutrition information and activities, but differ from

ongoing programs in respect to the magnitude of population covered, the range

of inputs and design of baseline and final surveys. An important benefit of

these operations would be:

- 54 -

(i) rehabilitation of over 30,000 children affected by PCM in 180 villages;

(ii) exposure of about 100,000 families to nutrition education, including 45,000 pregnant women and lactating mothers (of these 17,000 would receive food supplements);

(iii) immunization of 100,000 children from infectious

6. 11

diseases;

(iv) establishment of village storage and processing units; and

(v) establishment of 18,000 home and village gardens in 180 villages.

The project reflects the importance of women in development,

both as beneficiaries of services provided and as staff of those project

components providing the services. The majority of the village cadre

personnel in the NIPP component would be women.

6. 12 Specific benefits would also accrue from coordination of the pro-

posed project with ongoing projects, which helps to establish two types of

linkages between nutrition and economic development in Indonesia. The

first is in the field of food production and handling -- better utilizing

available food resources based on regional and national needs for nutri­

tional 'inputs.' The Bank has an active lending program in this field

suitable for linkage with nutrition planning (see paragraphs 3.05-3.09).

The other is increasing human productive capacity following from improved

nutrition and the resulting increase in output which is derived by imple­

menting various programs in che Development Plan. This productivity is a

nutritional 'output' which allows for accelerated development and, in large

measure, to a minimizing of constraints to self sustained nutritional improve-

ment. The proposed project is the link between these elements, providing

necessary additional inputs to insure nutritional improvement (food processing

- 55 -

and storage, education and technical capacity building, health and environ­

mental services, food supplements to the poorest) and providing the groundwork

for a national nutrition plan as part of the Third Development Plan to insure

that the best use is made of the increasing human productive capacity result­

ing from better nutrition.

6.13 The proposed project carries an inherent risk because it is in an

innovative and pioneering field. A risk specific to this project arises from

the fact that its implementation involves many ministries and their coordinated

actions. The Government, however, is now deeply convinced of the need to

strengthen interministerial coordination and has decided to set up a flexible

organizational structure to meet the demands of such a project. While the

components are being handled within the existing administrative structure,

their coordination will be secured through interministerial committees with

adequate secretarial support. The risks of the project are acceptable in

view of the substantial short and long-term benefits expected of this project.

VII. RECOMMENDATIONS

7.01 During negotiations, t he following principal assurances will be

sought:

(a) that with respect to the NIPP program, (i) the plans of operations for the initial two Kabupatens would be sub­mitted to the Bank for approval prior to implementation; (ii) a review of the NIPP would be conducted at the end of the second year of operation with a view to determine any necessary changes in program direction and content; and (iii) the selection of new Kabupatens would be in accordance with criteria to be established in consulta­tion with the Bank (see para. 3.23);

- 56 -

(b) that the Government and the Bank would review the results of the home/village garden program after the end of the third year of NIPP operations and determine whether this program should be converted to a credit program to be administered under BIMAS (see para. 3.24);

(c) that with respect to the action program for home/village gardens, the Directorate General of Food Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, would allocate the necessary additional extension staff to the selected NIPP areas (see para. 3.25);

(d) that with respect to the Anemia Prevention and Control Project, the Government would initiate regulatio~s re­quiring individual estates to bear the full costs of iron supplementation and helminthic suppression, should it be demonstrated that the increased labor productivity is greater in value than the costs of this program (see para. 3.39);

(e) that vehicles imported under the project would be exempt from existing import restrictions (para. 4.04);

(f) that appropriate a~counting and auditing procedures would be followed and copies of audited accounts of project ex­penditures would be forwarded to the Bank by the Project Director within four months of the end of each fiscal year (see para. 4.06);

(g) that the Research Coordinating Board would be set up no later than August 1, 1977 on terms and conditions satis­factory to the Bank (see para. 5.01);

(h) that the Governo.ent would finalize the annual budget provisions for the various components in consultation with the Bank (see para. 5.05);

(i) that, subsequent to the appointment of the First Project Director (the Director General of Community Health is presently the designate), Project Directors, the project managers and coordinator of NIPP would be appointed after prior consultation with the Bank (see para. 5.06);

( j) that the Project Director would present semi-annual reports to the BAPPENAS and the Bank covering in particular the progress of civil works, procurement, recruitment and training of key personnel, research on village-level storage and processing and implementation of field level activities of the NIPP and the Anemia Prevention and Control components (see para. 5.07).

7.02 The proposed project would be suitable for a Bank loan of US$13

oillion, with a 20-year maturity including a grace period of 4 1/2 years.

The borrower would be the Republic of Indonesia.

AJTIIBZ 1 Page 1

IlIDOIIBSIJ, NUTRITION DEVELOPEEIIT POOJECT

Nutritional Statu::, and Food Habits

1. Indonesici., with the fifth highest popul.:i.tion in the world, has a

lmict area of 575,000 square niles, consisting of thousands of inhabited islm1os

covering one eight of the world 1 s circumference. Hhile rr.c.jor cultural and

ecological differences exist between the various regions, there are colTI!7lon

nutrition3l problens: protein- calorie malnutrition (PCII), vitam:i..~ A deficiency,

ioc.ine deficiency ancJ nutritional anemia .

Protein-C~lorie :fuinutrition

2. 32.sed on the ava;lable data on nutritionzl status, food consu.~ption

and food production, widespread protein- calorie :.:i2.lnutrition is manifest. The

severe .fom, affecting 2-5 percent of yo1mg children ranges across the spactruJ1

of protein-calorie ::-i2lnutri tion from Z::1-iashior.co# at one extre:':'le to i.·'12.rasmas.Y

at the other. Kwashior.:or is due to a qumtitative or qU2.litative deficiency

of prote:i..~, but calorie ;ntake may be adequate (e.g . where cassaYa is the

staple). E2ras::;;us is due to a contin.ued re:::t:'iction of both calories and proteiI1,

as ·well 2.s other nutrien-c,s.

1/ In 1933, Dr. Cecily Williams first described this form of PCM'. She called it by its local Ghanaian name - Kwash:i.orkor, which means "the siclmess the deposed child gets when the new baby is born 11

, indicating the result of sudden weaning. The n~~e has been accepted in medicine. In ~ashiorkor there is a failure to thrive, loss of appetite, diarrhoea, oedema and a ~neralized unhappiness or apathy; a characteristic der­mati ti tis, 11 flaky-paint" is usually present and the hair is often sparse and thin.

ll Marasmas is derived from the Greek word meaning waste and is the childhood equivalent of starvation in adults. In Harasmus there is failure to thrive, irritability and fretfulness; most infants suffering from Marasmus are ravenously hungry.

e

e

L

.ANNEX 1 Page 2

In Indonesia,the majority of the PCM cAses are of the marasmic type. In all

manifestations of PCM, failure of growth is the first and most important

sign. The severe cases require hospitalization and, despite skilled treat­

ment, the mortality rate is significant.

3. For every severe case of PCM, there are many more cases which are

mild or moderate, in which individuals are underweight or undersized due to

dietary deficiency. Apart from delayed physical development, such children

are at great risk and liable to develop severe forms of PCM if they suffer

gastro-intestinal or respiratory disease or infections such as measles

tuberculosis or malaria. PCM, affecting young children, increases morbidity

and mortality rates, retards the physical growth of survivors and impairs

mental development. In Indonesia, the infant mortality rate ranges between

110-150 per thousand, compared to a rate of 38 in neighboring Malaysia and 68

per thousand in the Philippines. Indonesia's high i.11fa.rit r.1ortality rate is, to :1

great e).'"tent, tha result of the heavy incidence of PCM . .Among children under five percent

years of age, 30 / or around 7 million are estimated to suffer from some

degree of PCM. In addition, about half of lactating mothers (about 5.7 :cJilli:Jn)

appear to be affected by PCM.

Vitamin A Deficiency

4. The incidence of vitamin A deficiency, first noted in the 1930 1 s

is in Indonesia among the highest in the world, particularly among children.

Xerophthalmia,1/ which competes with trachomaS/ as a cause of blindness

1/ Xerosis means abnormal dryness of the eye or skin . Xerophthalmia covers the whole range of ocular changes , from mild local or generalized xerosis of the conjunctiva to the most severe type involving the cornea.

II Trachoma is a chronic, contagious conjunctivitis marked by inflammatory granulations on the conjunc~ival surfaces and caused by the micro­organism chlamydia trachomatis.

I -4t

ANNEX 1 Page 3

is due to prolonged vitamin A deficiency. An xerophthalmia

percentage of 3.1 was recorded for 375,000 eye patients reporting to health

clinics throughout Indonesia during 1972. A study cor::'bcted :in the 1960J{h.'J1-1::; that

blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency in East Java is 250 per 100,000.

The incidence of xerophthalmia among children has been found to be 4 - 5 percent in

rural Java with rates of up to 22 percent in urban squatter areas.

5. The serious incidence of vitamin A deficiency led to the implemen-

tation during 1973/74 of a pilot project to distribute high dosage vitamin A

capsules in selected areas of Java to children between 12 and 48 months of age.

Ho1-1e7er, ,1 natiom1ide progran for vitrunin A capsule distribution proved to be

too costly. :In addition, intake of vita.'7lin A capsules is only a short

term solution. In the long run, efforts are needed to increase the

consumption of foods rich in caroten~/ and to remove the prejudice and lack

of lmowledge which limits the use of available supplies of green leafy

vegetables.

Iodine Deficiency

6. The p:cevalence of goiter, caused by iodine deficiency, has long

been recognized. In the early stages, goiter may cause no symptoms,

but untreated goiter causes difficulty in breathing, coughing and voice changes.

Johanna, T .D., 11 Causes of filindness in and Around Suraba a Thesis, Universi y of Indonesia, Jakarta 19 8.

East Java 11

2/ Carotene is a yellow pigment, which exists in several forms; they are converted into vitamin A during metabolism.

.ANNEX 1 Page L.

Surveys undertaken in 197~/ in the provinces of North and West Sumatra, East

Java and Bali, indicated a high incidence of goiter (60 to 80 percent) among the

children surveyed. Based on the results of 35 studies of endemic goiter,it

has been estimated.£/ that at least 10 million people are affected by goiter,

100,000 by cretinism and 500,000 in early stages of cretinism. Cretinism,

as a result of severe iodine deficiency, manifests itself through a wide

range of symptoms: mental retardation, impaired physical develooment (short

stature), deafness, dea.f-mutism and neurological abnormalities.

Nutritional Anemia

7. The widespread existence of nutritional anemia, mostly due to iron

deficiency has been recognized in Indonesia only recently. Prior to 1970,

investigations on nutritional anemia had been confined to pregnant wcmen in

hospitals. Joi::it studies by the Bank and the Indonesian Nutrition Research

Institute undertaken in 19731/ revealed that Indonesia has the highest country

incidence (28-52 percent) of nutr-i.tional anemia ever recorded in a :.r.ale po~:1.tic:i.

except during famine conditions. The study concluded that a major factor

likely to affect productivity of the labor force is anemia caused by iron

deficiency.

8. A 1974 stud;y1±.t', atter:1pti..'1g to cor~ct nutritional 2.11eni'.'., :'9'.-ealed

th.:i.t the prod:uct::.:v::::t.y of ane;:iic "'.?O r..:ers was 20 percent :i..ess thc.n

1/ :i The Prevalence of Endem; c Go; ter. Among School Childr-;n in e;one Parts o! Sumatra, Java and Bali. Tndonesia." Djumadios et al, Pen. Gizi, pp. 24- 30 , 1972.

J/

Cuerido, A., "A Proposal for U1e Eradication of Goiter a.l'ld Cretinisri in Indonesia", University of Leiden, 1973.

Ka:rJadi, D. a.l'ld Basta, s.s., Nutrition and Health of Indonesian Con­~ruction Workers", IBRD Staff Paper No. 152 (1973).

Basta, S . S. and Churchill, A., "Iron Deficiency and the Productivity of Adult Males i!l Indonesia", IBRD Staff Paper No. 1'75 (1974).

Aln-TE.,'C 1 Page 5

the productivity of non-anemic ,·rorkers. Treatment of the anemic wor:.rnrs by

oral iron therapy for a period of 60 days raised their productivity to the same

level as the non-anemic ·tlorlcers, an :improvement of about 20 percent.

Food Patte:rns and Habits1f

9. Unmixed white rice is the preferred basic food m Indonesia. Where rice

is not available m sufficient quantities or is too costly, the basic food

becor1es a mixture of rice and com, cassava or sweet potatoes. The ma:i.n source

of an:imtl protem is salted and dried fish . Li. most !)arts of Indonesia, meat and

eggs are not consumed daily; :in Central and East Java, consumption of an:i.ma.l protein

is the lowest. Although pulses are the most readily available source of protein,

they are, together with other vegetable protem, not consumed frequen~ly. Especially

:in Java, legume products are popular: tempe, a soybean cake, talm wh:.ch is a

soybean curd and oncom i'tmgus fermented crushed pearruts. Leaves of cassava, sweet

potato, papaya, edible shrubs and trees fonn part of the menu; they are not

specially cultivated for their leaves, which are not a cash crop. Fruits are

consuned in season, provided there remains a surplus ai'ter sellmg.

10. Food consumption patterns, besides being affected by income, are :i.-rifluenced

by sex, age, festivals, customs, taboos, attitudes to food and e..~ernal :i.n.:luences.

Ritual :::eals relate to the life cycle of the :ind.i viou2.l,

1/ Social and Cultural Asuects of' Food Patterns and Food F..abits in Fi·ve Rural Areas in Indonesia; IIely G. Tan et al, National Institute of Scono1nic and Social Research, J2.karta. H:i.rneograph 1970.

ANNEX 1 Page 6

to Moslem and Hindu-Dharrna religious festivals

and to events related to the agricultural cycle. Such occasions call for

elaborate meals, during Nhich the men are accorded priority in consumption.

11. Contrary to the custom in many countries, children are given

priority when only a small amount of a side dish is available. Women are

the most deprived and are further restricted by custom, taboos and beliefs.

If young un~arried girls eat ilcon leleh (a cat fish) it is believed they will

have irregularity in menstruation. They are also prohibited from eating

fruits such as large bananas, papaya and pineapple, which are believed to

influence sexual relations when married. In most areas pregnant women do not

eat pineapples for fear of constipation, miscarriage or difficult childbirth;

in others, bananas which have grown together, banana flowers, buffalo meat

and cured fish are prohibited. Nursing mothers are required to exercise

particular care in what they eat. The mother is not allowed to eat food

that the infant should not eat: meat, eggs, fish and some fruits and

vegetables. Fried soybean is supposed to cause an eye disease while fresh

fish may result in the baby beccming sickly.

12. Few taboos relate to males, but men are not supposed to eat egg-

plant. Because of the influence of Islam, most Indonesia.~s are prohibited

from eating pork.

13. Breastfeeding is still widely practised; those who cannot nurse

their babies, because of lack of milk, find it shameful and are apologetic

about it. Weaning occurs between the first and second year but may be later.

In addition to their own milk, mothers normally provide a supplement

ANNEX 1 Page 7

consisting of soft mashed rice or banana. After the second year no special

food is prepared for the child, who then shares the family meal. Green because

vegetables are disliked by children, partly/ they are not cooked in an

attractive way, but also because mothers do not persevere in introducing

new foods to young children.

14, High status foods are white rice, meat, chicken,eggs, spinach,

cabbage, longbeans, big fish and bean sprouts, but they are regarded as

be:L~g suitable only for special guests or special occasions. Low status

foods are bulgur, cassava, salted/dried fish, corn, mixed rice, and sweet

potato leaves are eaten on a daily basis and are regarded as being unfit to

serve to guests.

15, In changing food habits, the role of locally prestigious persons

would be cruci al for acceptance and adoption. Those with most infl uence

are village officials and religious leaders.

e

PROTEIN-CALORIE REOUIRE11ENTS

ANNEX 1 Appendix l Page 1

1. The protein requirements of an adult can be experimentally

determined from the losses of nitrogen, when fed with a nitrogen free diet,

From a study of such data, a joint F AO/WHO Expert-Group, which met in

1971,1/ arrived at a figure of 0.57 g/kg for adult males and 0.52 g/kg for

adult females as the safe intake level of egg protein or protein from cow's

milk. For Indonesian males, weighing on an average of SO kg, this represents

28.S g of egg protein; for females, weighing on an average of L.3 kg, this represents

22 .36 g.

2. Diets are not made up of one p!"otein, but a combination of many

proteins. An adjustment is necessary for the quality of the protein

combL.,ation in the diet. In Indonesia, the quality of the protein in the percent 2/

diet would be about 70/ of the quality of egg protein.- Allowing for this, , 00

the protein requirement for men becomes 40.7 g (~ x 28.S) and for women

31,9 g (lQQ X 28,S). 70

3. The same Expert Group made recommendations for energy :-equirements

of a moderately active adult on the basis of 46 calories/kg/day for men and male

for women 40 calories/kg/day, i.e., 2,300 calories per adult/and 1,720 nercent

calories per adult female. An additional 17/ calories per day are required

for hard work.

11 Energy and Protein Regiirements, FAO Nutrition Meetings Report, Series No. 22., 1973,

II Protein quality depends on the presence of all essential amino acids in adequate amounts. It is related to the net protein utilization (NPU), which is the proportion of ingested nitrogen (N) that is retained in the body under specified conditions. The ~-PU of a mixed Indonesian diet is likely to be about 70,

ANNEX 1 Appendix 1 Page 2

Proteins are essential for growth; they provide the amino acids

for tissue synthesis and the raw materials for the formation of digestive

juices, vitamins, hormones and enzymes. In addition, in the event of calorie

shortage, the available protein is pre-empted for energy purposes; each gram

of protein can supply about 4 calories of energy.

5. By determining the percentage of calories that may be derived from

protein, it is possible to judge the q_uali ty of a diet with respect to

protein. For Indonesian men, using the above-quoted figures it would be

7,08% (4~:io~ 4 x 100) and for women 7,42% (3i:~2~ 4 x 100). Based on the

recommendations of the Expert Group, a diet in which the protein/calories

ratio is more than eight should be a safe level of protein . Some nutritionists

consider that the experimental bas~s for this recommendation may not have

revealed metabolic changes which might be undetected in an experimental study

of short duration and believe that et least lO percent of the energ:1 should be

d . d ~ . tu f t · l/ er1.ve .1.rom a mLx re o pro eins .-

6. In the following table the results of food consumption surveys,

undertaken since 1950, detail the per capit.a per day intake of calories and

protein. The percentage of calories derived fron protein has been calculated

as :allows:

Subjects Protein/ Area Surveved Surveyed Calories Protein Gals %

(Per capita/day)

Bogar 1960 20~ students H 2,100 60 11.3 F 1,400 43 12.3

Surabaya 1956 100 laborers 1,431 41.1 11.h J akart.a 1958 180 laborers 1,591 h5 ,3 11.h ANP Study 1973 920 households l,h91 41.3 11.1

1/ Passmore, R. , Energy and Protein Requirements, p. 77 ,

ANNEX 1 Appendix 1 Page 3

7. In each of these surveys, the protein/calorie percenta~3 i 3 ubove 11 ;_)er-

oent. This would indicate a priori that the quali t;y of the diet, as defined

in terms of the protein/calorie percentage, is adequate with regard to

protein. Yet, the calorie intake per capita is well below the recommended

levels; the quantity of food consumed is inadequate and in such circumstances

the protein in the diet will be used for energy- purposes, thereby creating

a deficiency of protein for metabolism. If there would be an increased quantity

of similar diets consumed,ensuring that calorie requirementsare met, the

protein intake would also be satisfactory.

1.

PIDONESI.A NUTRITION DEVELOPMET' T PROJECT

Center for Research :md Development of !·!utri tion

1 . GenerPl Objectives

ANNEX 2 Page 1

The Center for Research and Development of ~lutrition (CRDN) was

established by the Minister of Health as a national organization responsible

for meeting national nutrition policy and planning needs, providing baseline

data for the evaluation of intervention programs and meeting technical

training and educational requirements . Specific ally, the project component

would:

a . expand the physical structure of the Center by constructing

and/or enlarging laboratories, the auditorium, library and

staff housing;

b. strengthen the administrative and scientific capabilities of

the Center through recrui t.ment and training of new staff, and

further training of existing staff;

c. improve and widen the types of research already undertaken

through the acquisition of the necessary equipment;

d. arrange for monitoring and evaluat ion of nutrition inter­

vention programs;

e. initiate studies and conduct research on the economic and

social aspects of food Pnd nutrition needed to support policy

formulation and planning by BAPPENAS a."ld other related

ministries and agencies; and

2.

A.\11JEX 2 Page 2

f . provide technical support and facilities for practical

experience - both in laboratories and in the field - to

students allied to different academic nutrition programs.

2 . Situation at the Time of Appraisal

The Nutrition Research Institute (NRI) was attached to the

Directorate of Nutrition, under the Director General of Medical Care in the

Ministry of Health. Its objectives had been to identify nutritional problems

in communities, conduct research studies for improved nutritional status

and serve as a resource and information center.

3. As of September 1975, the professional and technical staff of NRI

consisted of 25 full-time and 3 part- time employees of whom 12 are high level

professionals (Masters of Science). In 1974 the total budget for NRI was

about Rp 48,870,000 (US$118,000) of which one third was for routine adminis­

tration and two thirds for research am. development. The funds are allocated

by the Ministry of Heal th and in the last four years there has been a steady

and significant increase in the research and development budget.

The 1975 budget of the Institute was Rp 77,057,000 (US$185 ,679), an increase

of 38 percent over the previous year.

4. The Institute h ~s made a very substantial contribution to

research and much of the effor~ has been directed at important nutritional

problems of the country but limited in scope and largely biomedically orier.ted.

Part of the research has been done in collaboration or consultation with other

institutions (Appendix 4). The Institute has also been involved in tr aining

activities.

5.

3. The Need and Rationale

ANNEX 2 Page 3

There is a lack of basic nutritional data on the causes, extent and

optimal means of controlling various forms of malnutrition. The Government

has recognized the need for increased research for a variety of interventions

to improve nutritional status and for collection of baseline data relating

to nutrition. The CRlll' can play an important role in this coordinated effort

only if its present resources are strengthened and expanded.

6. Toe proposed project would expand the role of the Center through

an increase of its staff, buildings and equipment. The Center would essentially

maintain the same research objectives as previously. However, with the

expansion and strengthening of the Center, it would become a national organiza­

tion with a diversified research program which would be relevant to the needs

of planners as well as those responsible for implementing the proposed

nutrition development project. The Center would be responsible and have com­

petence for:

a. diagnosing and monitoring the nutritional status of the

population of the country;

b. determining the causative factors of nutritional problems

encountered and their relative significance;

c. identifying possible solutions, preparing action programs

and advising and cooperating with responsible agencies in

their implications;

d. cooperating in the training of specialists and non-specialists

dealing with nutrition related activities;

7.

PWJEX 2 Page u

e · providing advice on c ontent of nutritional curricula development

and cooperating in nutrition education activities; and

f · providing the technical information required for nutritional

planning and program deve lopment at national level.

4, Proposed Structural Organization

The reorganization of the Center coincides with the development of

a national nutrition planning apparatus and the simultaneous formulation of

action programs. To be useful for planning, research has to deal initially

with symptoms and causes of malnutrition which require a broad combination

of capabilities in different disciplines and an organization to facilitate

integrated operations. These elements have been taken into consideration

in the preparation of the proposals.

8. The Center for Research and Development of Nutri ti.on would be

reorganized into four divisions: The Division of Food Science, the Division

of Clinical Nutrition, the Division of Corrnnunity Nutrition and the Division

of Nutritional Socio-Economics.

5. The Pro grarns of the Center

The programs of the Center would be objective oriented, with par­

ticipation in most cases of more than one Division. The following list

briefly indicates the type of programs for which each of the Divisions would

be primarily responsible.

(a) Division of Food Sciences

1. Prepare up-to-date Food Composition Tables for Indonesia and determine

the nutritive value of foods now available.

lllJNEX 2 Page 5

ii. Study possible ways of improving the nutritional value of presently

available and commonly consumed foods, by fortification, adequate

combinations, special processing (including fermentation).

iii. Study possible ways of increasing the consumption and/or utilization

of available but not commonly consumed food resources.

iv. Explore the development of new foods on the basis of available or potentially

available sources.

v. S~udy factors limiting or interfering with nutrient utilization

in commonly consumed foods and ways of eli."llinating such factors.

(b) Division of Clinical Nutrition

i. Study ways of satisfying nutritional requirements, particularly of

vulnerable groups, with locally available foods.

ii. Develop and/or test methods for the diagnosis of the nutritional

status of individuals.

iii. Study the effects and methods of prevention, treatment and rehabilita­

tion of common nutritional deficiencies (PCM, nutritional anemias,

vitamin A deficiency and endemic goiter).

iv. Study the nutritional value cf new or modified foods.

,. Study the effects of physiological ,or clinical conditions on food

and nutrient utilization.

(c) Division of Community Nutrition

i. Assess the nutritional status of population g!'Oups (surveys aDd

surveillance) •

ii. Study the epidemiology of nutritional problems .

iii. Develop 2?1d/or test nutrition inte:::-ventions at the local level .

I

J

ANNEX 2 Page 6

iv. Evaluate the nutritional effects of different intervention programs at

the community level.

v. Develop the content and methodology of nutrition education messages and

test their effectiveness.

(d) Division of Nutritional Socio-Economics

i. Study national (or regional) food availability in relation to

recommended allowances and establish desirable goals for food

availability and consumption.

ii. Study economic and social factors affecting food consumption.

iii. Analyze the nutritional implications of government policies in the fields

of agriculture (i.e. prices, subsidies) and international trade of food

products.

iv. Analyze the relative value of different national policies and programs

to improve nutrition, assess their possible constraints and recommend

alternative solutions.

6. Supoorting Services

10. Supporting services would include a statistical unit, a library and

an audio-visual unit which would include document reproduction facilities.

The statistical unit would be headed by a competent statistician, with suf­

ficient experience of computer programming in order to carry out the design

and analysis of baseline data and other surveys. An improved library with a

competent librarian and information retrieval system would be provided. A

service for production of audio-visual aids and document reproduction would

have modest equipment and at least one technician.

7. Training Services

ANNEX 2 Page 7

11. In addition to its main research functions , the Center would serve

as an important training center, providing facilities for practical work

both in the laboratories and in the field to students in different academic

programs • All four di visions of the Center would be involved in this training •

Through this the Center's work would be strengthened by stimulating the

academic interests of all staff members. Collaboration with the Agricultural

University, Bogor (IPB) and the Agency for (Agricultural) Research and

Development to undertake joint research is contemplated (see Appendix 4).

In addition, use of the facilities of the Center for national and inter­

national seminars and conferenceswould be encouraged. The Center would

continue to provide facilities on an individual basis to Indonesians and

others who wish to engage in nutrition research leading to advanced degrees.

A unit for coordinating training would be established under the Director or

another senior staff member, with the support of the administrative staff.

8. Administrative Services

12. For an efficient operation, the Center would require well-orga:iized

administrative services staffed by qualified personnel to deal with budgeting,

acco'l..lllting, personnel, maintenance and general services, purchases, supplies,

and transportation. The Center would have a compet ent and experienced

administrative officer and at least one officer in charge of purchases and

supplies. The proposed organizational structure of the Center would be as

follows:

DIRECTOR

e j .twHINISTR\TION

I

I I

DIVISION OF DIVISION OF CLJNICAL FOOD SCIENCEE, NUTRITION

I I

ANNEX 2

Page 8

STATISTICS I I COORDTIIATIOU OF I 1'R/lTiffiTr.

I

I LIBRARY I I AUDIO-VIb'tJ.AL I I I

DIV. OF COHIMUTY I DIV. OF mJTRITIOlLU NUT.RITIOU SOCIO-ECOHOHICS

10. Staff Requirements and their Training Needs

ANNEX 2

Page 9

renumeration, benefits 13. Professional staff which would work fulJ.-time at the ~:t.~, .with adequate/

and working conditions wculd be needed to expand the size and scope of the

Center's activities. A four-year plan for recruitment and training of

additional staff, and to provide more advanced training for existing staff

has been formulated. This is summarized in Appendixes 2 and 3.

14. Further needs for training can be determined only when the new

personnel are selected, and their past training and experience is evaluated.

The project component includes fellowships for special training in research

at suitable institutions abroad. The tables indicating the need for training

of new staff are estimates based on present information of likely manpower

availabilities.

15 The additional training for existing technical staff depends to

some extent on the training and experience of the new personnel recruited.

Efforts should be made to ensure that staff training is in institutions

which deal with development problems similar to those in Indonesia. Centers

in developing countries should be used, as far as possible, for staff training.

11. Consultants

16. Consultant time of 24 months has been included covering a Senior

Planner, an Economist, and a Community Nutrition Consultant. Job des­

criptions are in Appendix 6.

12. Costs

17. The total base costs of the component would be US$u,861,000 of

which 51 percent would involve foreign exchange. Details of civil works costs are

given in Annex 10, an analysis of the total costs in Annex 11 and details

of training costs in Appendixes J(a) and J(b).

Indonesia Nutrit;on Develoment Project

1 ·--2 ·---· ·------Como_0n~_nts/Ycar ---

--3-

1. Buildings

2. Office Equipr.1cnt -- - ------! --:)

3, Staff Developn:on t

4. Labor.::.tory Equip:nent ---- ------~------~ s. Laboratory Supplies ----- - ·-----

e 6. Librarv· Documentation . ' and Publicatiom;

7. Vehicles ---1----- ---·---· 8. Tech.>-ii cal Assistance

e

e

CRDN

.. ________ - -

.A1'mc:x 2

!!:I?_p cnd:l x .?

__ Year ____ o ___ 1 ____ 2 ____ ........_ ____ h-'---·---

Professional (Y.Sc. or

12 y' higher)

Technical 16

Total 28

-----------

13

22

35

20

ho

60

34

68

102

11 Of these, 2 }ID 1 s and 1 Ph.D. are part-time,

132

e

e

Erlu.ca tion &.nJ '?r,1.1-!'in r: I1ccu:i rcr:wnts .

.AJ-TNEX 2

.Anpendix. 3, Pagel

Tob.J l!u:::h,r Abro ad I~Jonc~i~

Food/ Ac::ricu1 turc Econo;ni.st Prosrc-;"·!•ie Jl.11.:,--1..ys t./rl Gluier Sociolq;ist !,a t.:d.:Lionnl 10.) i ctcnio:.1.c.g:i_ r; t Hed:i.u-,l w..:tor/f,1 blic lic~l th Physiol o;::i.:; t Food Scientist NutrHional Sociologist Social Anthropologist

~1.Schl?H

Physio) ogist Public Heal th l!utri t: .o:::iist Nutritional Diocher1ist HcmrL.0l0t;is t Ve tCJnP.:'5. lli-i Nutl·i t:i.o::.1ist Food Scientist As:.i stl!.nt Ipicier.,iologist CoPc.,mn:i_e.s.tion Ter.:mologist Food Toxico1oeist

B.Sc

Food Chcrd.~t

~•llO', 'i. - ·:Jr,•.·-~ ... ' 'T')"',, -; ni n"" ,.. li ... l \"-~ c-i J_ • • ( ~l-l r) ·:>Y"I """'"Jr•")·,) - ) . ~----.1. ... 1_...... c ........... • . .J..._,..J .J•' .. l •. Cl,..I.;..·11~ .l •

Dj_rc:.:te:r .AC.:n i ni :· L:r2-::.o, Hci:t"1:i uf !:,j_-.t.:..:)icn.:; Fr,0c: J,.: ·, :·'"l '·~~ L.

1 1 l 1 1

5

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 l 1 1

11

16

3 3

12 3

21 'J'. ·: T;(:·· j( .. -:1 er Lj;•:; rc:<; 1:j ~--c. J J's--:- F: , . r, r•.n '"! f3.!"~ 111·,··:.,: .. ~,1::-; _j ·~ .... \) r:r .. );1~!· . .s .. ~ 11: rc.;r ~: •. ?,-/; ;,:: Zh ~~1l 1 ~i::: • ·The Ph .D. candidates would be selected from M. S. graduates,

"'

-----

1 1 1 1

4

2

2

1

7

6

e

CnDN

Phasinc( Md Co st of 'i'rainin~ Abr·ond i1iumber of Pan-Years 1

Type of Training

Ph.D M.S.

Cost at $7,500 per ruan-year

Short term training and visits

Cost at $7,500 per man-year .

TOTAL

Yr, 1

:3 6 9

67,500

12

7,500

Yr 2

4 6

10

75,000

_9_

5 -2-10

75,000

ANNEI 2 .Anpendix 3 Page 2

2-71 5

T

TOTAL

37

60,ooo ;ti $277,Suo

21

$13,125

$290,625

would. ;!/ One of the Ph.D trainees Hho . /. have

would have to go on one year beyond the has been added to the fourth year.

to start in the third year project period. The cost

e

cRmr

Phasing and Cost of Trnining in Indonesia (Number of 1fa.n-Years)

Ty,)e of Trainins Yr 2

Ph .D H.S.

2 l 3

3 1

T

4 l

T

2 -;,, 1 1

!!'!!'!EX 2 Appendix J Page .3

TOTAL

Cost at $3,250 per man-year 9,750 13,COO 1/ $52,000

B.S.

Cost at $1,250 per man-year

Short-term training (BS) (man-months)

Cost at $1,250 per man- year

TOTAL

1

1,250

2

208

11,208

1 1 1

1,250 1,250 1.250

2 2

208

14,458 17,708 14,250

would rould 1/ One of the Ph.D trainees who _I start in the 3rd year /have

.to go on one year beyond the project ·period. The cost has been added to the fourth year.

1

5:000

6

$ 624

CRDN

ANNEX 2 A:opendix 4 Page 1

Collaborating Institutions

e

Insititutions

1. Directorate of Nutrition Department of Heal th, Jakarta

2. Nutrition Research Center "Diponegoro", Ministry of Health, Jakarta

3. Academy of Nutrition, Department of Heal th, Jakarta

4. University of Indonesia, Jakarta

(a) Faculty of Medicine

l. Nutrition Di vis ion

2. Child Heal th Department

3. Regional Graduate Applied Nutrition Course, CCBRM and PH - SEAMPD

(b) Faculty of Psychology

e S. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogar

(a) Faculty of Agriculture

1. Rural Sociology and Economic

2. Biometric

3. Home Economic

(b) Faculty of Veterinary Scien~c Department of Physiology

Form of Cooperation

Studies of endemic goiter and food consumption pattern.

Animal experiments to asses the biological and nutritional values of foods.

To participate in nu.merous nutrition research studies.

To participate in studies such as prevalence of goiter, nutritional anemia in pregnancy.

To participate in studies such as vitrunin A research project, PCM in pre­school children.

Training in nutrition field survey.

To participate in the study of the relationship between early malnutrition and mental development, anemia and behaviour.

Consul tative services on nutrition; socio-economic studies; evaluation of A.NP study; study on field tests of community nutrition program in West Java.

To assist data processing and a.>1alysing the results of study of anemia a.."'ld physical endurance and productivity among male workers.

Assisting in teaching nutrition and food.

To cooperate in radioistope technique to study the absorption of iron in the foodstuff.

6.

7.

8.

Agriculture Research and Development Center

National Medical Institute, Surabaya

Survey Agroeconomy Department of Agriculture

National L~stitute for Economic and Cultural Research, National Institute of Science

10. Philadelphia General Hospital

11. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

e 12. UNICEF

P.JfNEX 2 Anoendix u Page 2

To analyze the nutritional values of high yielding varieties of rice, high kysine opaque corn, sweet potatos contain­ing high carotene. To analyze the acid profile of high protein varieties of legumes.

Studies on nutritional s tatus of school children.

To introduce the nutrition disciplines (comoonent) in designing the nutritional parameters relevant to the study of multidiscipline approaches: Rural Dynamics in Indonesia.

To participate in food pattern studies.

( Through NIH grant) Nutrition studies in Central Java, Vitamin A prevention program with red palm oil, child nutrition studies. Study on the relation between early malnutrition and mental development of a biochemical unit with the assistance of Dr. Catharine Rose.

Collaboration in a study on the relation­ship between nutritional anemia and production workers and rubber plantation workers.

Vehicles a.~d equipment.

l e

Qualifications of the Senior Staff Members - CRDN

ANNEX 2 Appendi.£ 5.

Senior staff members should not only be professionally competent

in their field, but should also have leadership capabilities and a wide

understanding of problems outside their own discipline. Special care

should be placed in the selection and training of the senior staff

members, who would require to have the following aualifications:

Division of Food Sciences

Food scientist, agricultural chemist or food technologist; with

training at the level of Ph.D. or equivalent. With basic lmowledge of

nutrition, understanding of the local conditions and with previous post­

graduate research experienced of at least· 3-4 years .

Di vision of Clinical Nutrition

M.D. or biochemist with an additional specialization in basic

nutrition and a sound lmowledge of physiology and metabolism and w"i th

previous post-graduate research experience of at least 3-4 years and other

experience similar to the previous one.

Division of Ccmmunity Nutrition

M.D . or nutritionist with specialization in public health nutri­

tion and solid basis in epidemiology. Adequate field experience and

research capabilities.

Division of Nutrition Socio-Economics

Economist, with tr aining at the level of Ph.D. or e~uivalent.

With special training and previous research experience in food a.nd nutri­

tion of at least 3-4 years .

e

Qualifications of Consul tan ts

(a) Senior lanner withe erience in nutrition polic and research 12 months,

.ANNEX 2 Aoper:dix 6 Page 1

Four to six visits totaling 12 months are foreseen for a senior

advisor to advise the Director and to assist with the implementation of this

proposal. This consultant must have experience in nutrition pol::..cy and plan­

ning in developing countries and in research programs of the type to be

conducted by the Center, This consultant would provide continuing advice

over the whole five-year period of the project.

(b) Economist with e:xperience in food policy (6 months)

Two visits totaling sLx months are foreseen for an economist

familiar with food policy of developing countries. It ,:,muld be advantageous

to have the same consultant on the two occasions. The first visit would be

after the establishment of the new Division of Nutrition Socio-Economics

and would entail work with the Director of tie Center, the new Division

Head and the staff to develop a detailed program of research and work for

the Division. The second visit, 12-18 months later, would be to follow up

on the activities, to provide advice on the research prograrTJ and other

ac"tivi ties, and to provide any ot.her help called for by the Director and

Di vision Ti;!ad.

(c) ComJTTUnity nutrition consultant (h months)

This consultant would need to have special training a.11d e:q:c,rience

in nutrition survey methodology and in the evaluation of nutrition projects

and would c1dvise the Di vision of Conununi ty Nutrition concerning its work

progr~~, pay-'..i.ng par~icular attention to the methodology for collecting

baseline data and for evaluation of programs. The same consultant might

e

ANNEX 2 Appendix 6 Page 2

be used for survey and evaluation aspects for the NIPP section of the

proposal, and guidance a."ld advice on staffing training, research activities,

etc. Two separate visits by this consultant might be needed.

(d) Other consultants (2 months)

Two months consultant time is left open to be filled according to

ad hoc work needs of the Center. This period might be divided for short

consultancies by persons with verJ special expertise, such as,

the assistance of a biochemist to establish a new analytic procedure or for

a food scientist to help the Division of Food Sciences with some special

aspect of their work.

INDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Food Technology Develcroment Center

ANNEX 3 Page 1

1. Food self-sufficiency is Indonesia's national objective, but the efforts

to increase food production have not yet matched the demand for food resulting

from income and population growth. The problem is intensified by food wastage,

estimates of which range up to 25 percent, and by the constraint on arable

land, especially on Java, where the population density is about 600 per square km.

While sufficient food production is the role of agriculture, the responsibility

e Of food technology is to optimize food utilization a..11d nutritional YalUe Of a

given level of agricultural production. In Indonesia the introduction of food

te~hnology geared at preserving perishables, reducing food wastage during storage,

processing and marketing, and improving the nutritional quality of foods would have

a beneficial impact on food utilization and on nutritional quality of food.

2. Over 80 percent of the population of Indonesia live in the rural areas

dispersed in about 60,000 villages. fo the current development plan, emphasis

is given to rural development programs. The application of food technolog'J in the

rural areas should concentrate on methods which use local resources and require

very low cost equipment. Modern food technology would have to be adapted in scale

and in sophistication to the circumstances prevailing in fodonesia and this is

presently constrained by the shortage of professional staff and adequate facilities.

Present Status of Training, Research and Develcpment in Food Technology

J. Little research activity in either food science or food technology is

currently in progress in fodonesia. The centers of research in this field are

primarily:

( a) The Chemical Research Institute of the Department of Industry at Begor

AlFlEX J Page 2

,1hose .functions inclucie service to agriculturally based processmg m­

du.stries. The only ongoing mvest..:.g::i.tion o= direct relevance to the project

is concerned with the fennentation of soybeans.

(b) The Gajah 11ada University at Yogyakarta, nhere problens relati."1g to pro­

cessing of food cash crops anci to the utilisation of food ,1aste products

are be:ing studied. On a limited scale, attempts are be:ing rrzde to

identify problems m rural cor.i.!'lunit · es.

( c) The ThcuJ. ty of .Agricultural Mechanization and Produce Teclmol0€;1/ at the

AgrtcuJ.tural University, Begor (IP:.3) is underbaking the .follOir.ing

:investigations:

(i) evaluation of sr.i.al_ scale rice nil ling equipr.i.e!!t;

(ii) production of j2.m fror.1 local fruits;

( iii) nroduction of vinegar fron coconut mil.1<: and fruit juices;

! : r) :L-r.provenent in the qt.L'.iliw of smoked fish, d.r<J salted and quick salted

fish cakes_;

(y) egg preserntion us~>ig -'.:.rc.ditional preservati7es;

(7i) cher.1ical and w.ecb.a."1ical methods for decorticating becins;

( vii) ~ct,raction of oil from soybeans, ground nuts, kapol: o.n.d sun:fJ..o·wer

seed; and

(v::..i-i) development of bottled soybean based cL."'inl:s, soybe,m curd end soybean

naste.

These are o.11 snc:'.11-scale pilot studies. Further research as .. ,ell as

additional labo::'cltory equipnent, pi2.ot pl&n:., 2nd research staff ~mule~ be

required to arrive at practical solutions for :L~plenentation :in :'Ural

areas or by the food :industry.

( d) The Cerr':.e::- for ?.esearch and Develoµ-:ent of Hutri~ion, Bogor, is car::•:i.ng

out stuc.ies on -!:.he production cf a ~-reaning food b2.sed on soybeans, cereals

1e

L

ANNEX 3 Page 3

and legumes and studies on the production of tempeh, a local product from

soybean fermentation.

(e) The Institute of Technology, Bandung, is investigating the production

of weaning foods based on soybeans, using small-scale extruder equipment.

4. At none of the centers discussed above are the facilities, the range of

equipment and staff establishment sufficiently oriented to develop practical solutions

for problems of food technology. Since 1970, IPB has produced 51 graduates

specializing in food technology; Gajah Mada has been training approximately 30

students per year. At both centers the facilities for practical training in food

technology are still inadequate and training is geared toward industrial processing

of cash crops, with little emphasis on improving the nutritional value of food.

5. The Agricultural Research and Extension Project, supported by a Bank Loan

includes aspects of food technology relating to rice, fruit and vegetables. The

focus of this project relates to the production and marketing of commercial crops,

but the results of the project could have great impact on the quality and

quantity of food w-ailable for consumption. The work of the FTDC, oriented as

it would be t>wards nutritional benefits through the application of food tech-

nology, would be complementa.r-J to the project. There would be subjects of

mutual interest such as rice milling, which would require collabcrat.ion to avoid

duplication. The pilot plant of the FTDC (see para 34) should be able to provide

facilities for testing techniques developed in agricultural research institutions

as well as elsewhere for industrial application.

Component. Description and Objectives

6. The general objective of the proposed food technolog,J component lJ t(} build

up an insti tution in order to mobilize available scientific and technical

knowledge to improve the use of food resources, particularly in rural areas . A

Food Technology Development Center at Bogar, associated with the Agricul t ural

University, would be established and staffed through the proposed comnonent .

.AlJNEX 3 Page 4

.An ro..~ension service in food technology uould start Hith a complement of ten

officers, who would have a B.S. degree :in food teclmology plus ru.~ension trajning.

They would assist small and medium scale food iJ1dn.:rcries, in both urban aJ1d

rural areas, to increase the efficienc;:r of their operations aJ1d improve the

quality of their products. The Center would be equipped with research laboratories,

a libra.r; and facilities including food processing equipment, exper:i.rnental rural

food storage and processing units, and pilot plants to demonstrate food processing.

The project would also finance the establishment of an e;ctension section in the

FTDC .

7. The Center's primary amph.e.sis -:-rould be on :improving the level oi .1pplied

technolog:r and ensuring its transfer to food industries and agriculture. The

Center's woric ·would focus on reducing food losses in processing and storage as well as on developing improved methods of P-rocessing staple foods m order to raise nutritiYe values and on axplor:i..ng opportunities for food

fortification. Additional research and deYelopment worlc would be geared towards

reduciri.g food losses through pacl::agmg, standardization and quality control,

storage trials, new product development ~aridling and transportation of foods

from fann to mamets. The specific i\mctions of FTDC would be:

(a) to act as the focal point for the provision of info:rr.i..ation and advice on

food technology;

(b) to provide tmining for food technologists a....-1d. extension officers both

for simple rural and large scale industrial requirements;

( c) to identrrJ problems associ2.ted ,·ii th food technolog-J and -';o initiate

s~udies for their solution;

(d) to cor-:iborate -:·1ith C:iIDlT, NIPP, the Nu:1:,rition Academy, agricultural

research and e.,nension o.gencies and other insti:.utions dealing 1-1ith food

and agr::.cul ture; the GoYernI'.'le-::.

(e) to ad:1ise / on r.atters perta::.ning to food and nutrit;ion legislation

(::£. sworage, processing) distribution and quality control).

e

ANNEX 3 Page 5

8. -::·Jhil e the CRON would be responsible fer the nutritional evaluation of

existing foods and would develop new foods on a laboratory scale, the FTDC

would be responsible for developing the necessary process:ing methods both for

small-scale, rural and industrial entities should m0re a.-ctensi,re distribution

be required.

9. In Indonesia, with its wide variety of cultures, food storage a..11.d preparation

methods differ considerably from region to region. These methods should be

appraised for their effectiveness to detennine what methods could be feasible for

wider application.

10. The production of food supplements for remedial feeding i_TJ. NIPP areas

i·TOuld be undertal<:en locally but their q_uality woul~ monitored by the FTDC. Field

staff in the NIPP areas would infonn the ?TDC of a..'1.y problems relating to

transport, storage, processi...'1.g, preparation, preservation, marketing and qua.lity

control of foods. FTDC's extension staff' would investigate these problems, work

out solutions in simulated rural conditions at the Center, and then transfer

this kno1-iledge to the field.

F.esearch Program

11. The research program (detailed i...'1. Append.ix 1) would be concerned primarily

with methods to improve the utilization of food in the rtLral areas, but :in

addition, it ~101.1.ld ca!T'J out worl:: relating to the food ma:.'1u.facturi.-ng industr;.

Research would focus on prevention of losses during stor2.ge and transport; the

processi.ri..g of foods for local needs; preservation of perishable crops for out of

season usej increasing the nutritional value of processed foods; utilization of

waste ;,roducts such as rice bran; the processing of foods for urban markets and

for export; and methods of quality control.

AlIN.t::x 3 Page 6

12. Following the initial laboratory studies of the various food technology

problems, experimental designs of equipment would be developed and tested on

a larger scale in the ro.."'Per-i...mental rural food processing units of the FTDC .

SatisfactoI"J proto-tYPes would subsequently be tested in the rural areas by

members of the Center's exteneion service.

The Extension Services

13. The FTDC would have a pilot e..--ct.ension section of ten staff members t·1ho (Agricultural University of Bogar)

~-muld be associated with the IPB/e::rtension service. The members of the section ,·rould

collect infonnation from the diverse cultural regions of Indonesia on traditional

nethods for storage, preservation and preparation of foods and would identify

associated problems. Both FTDC and. CF .. DrT would systematically analyse this ini'or­

mation in order to select methods suitable for general application and to solve

the problems of storage and processing identified by the extension staff.

Simul ta..'1.eously, the Centers would select technical ir.!provements !' dra1-ri..ng as

much as possible on existing !mow how from both deYeloping and developed countries.

Reconunended technical improvements, havi..ng been ver-i_fied in the prototype mits

at FTDC, would be tested out i1: selected villages by the extension staff. The

r.iethods demonstrated to be suitable would be ma.de knoim to the agricultural

extension service and other org.:m:izations :i_r1volved in rurc1.l development.

14. The F'I'DC extension staff would assist the ifutrition Intervention p;1 ot

Project (NIPP) to set up production units in :.-i:r.ral areas i..'rl order to provide

suf~icient quantities of foods suitable for supplement~I"J feeding.

15'. J"S)C ·t1ould prepare re:ports on the successi'ul application of food technoloe;J

in the rural areas. These reports would be distributed to tho:38 concerned ~vith

rural developnent in Indonesia. and. would be included in the curricula of courses

in food technology nutrition, agricultural extension and rural develoµnent.

e

e

ANHEX 3 Page 7

Act-ion on Grain Storage :in !'TIPP Areas

16. One of the intervention measures in the HIPP areas ~veuld be aimed at

improved storage facilities at village and fann levels. Storage losses are

pr:imar-iJy caused by rodents, insects, birds, micro -organisms, rain and water

condensation. Pending the establishment of the F1'DC, the IPB Food Technology

Group would ,mdertalce the uor:::.

17. The proposed work would include:

18.

(a) a study by the IPB Food Technology group of storage losses ·t.mder fann

and village conditions; low cost based on intermediary technology

(b) the design of/prototypes/to be developed in simulated village conditions

at IPB;

( c) the tr-i....al of selected prototypes in village conditions for testing their technical

effectiveness and response by the fanners;

(d:• review of res- ·a. ::.s by a national seminar in order to recommend a policy

and progra.rri for farm and village storage; and

(e) the training of agricultural extension ~varkers in promotion of the

recomnended progrc:in.

The I?3 Food Tecmology Group 11ould carr,; out a study of the prevailing

storage practices in the IHPP areas and, if the apparently high food losses caJ1

be verified, suggest iDprovements of traditional methods or design :iew protot;;1Je s.

The ai.-n ~-;ould be to develop lou-cost storage, using local naterials as r.ru.ch as

., , :::,o s si o _e. :i::odifica.tion of tradition::i.l storage anc./or ne,,1 proto1:,:-pes ~muld ·oe

--:.esr,ed unci.er sir.mlated local condi-:.ions ar, Bogar, before be:i.ng tried out in

.:ive •r'.Lll2ges to assess technical effecti-,eness and farr.:er 1 s accep~ability . Fo2.lou­

:i.ng the developnent of a successful des:.gn, proposals for 2. cred:..t D!"Og:-a-r:i ~10uld

be prepared for f:.nmcing its ~-Jider adoption (see .1.\Juiex 4, par2. 36 to 42).

?ood Processing i."'1. HIPP Areas

19 . Little h2.s been publis:i.ed on ::cod :?rocess:._r1g .:md food hfndli..'1,:?; :m -rilJ.2.ges .

A~J111EA 3 Page 8

Parallel 1-Jith the storage studies, 1rnr..c ~10uld be 1md.ertaken on i..-;iprovements of

·r.iJ.12.ge level p:rocessin.g. A S1L"l""V"ey would be carried out in the iJIPP areas to

deten:rine current practices and reveal possibilities for bringing about jJ\1-

provements. :.:::st:Lilates of costs of the food storage and food processing items

have been :included under HIPP; they are detailed in Appendix 2 ( see also .Annex 4

para 43 and W+) •

20. The staff of the FT.DC will also serve as fa.cul ty r.i.enbers of IPB with

teachi.Tlg responsibilities. I3oth the research and food processing laboratories

of the .t<'l'DC ~-1ould be used for practica2. tra:ini..11g in conju.11ction with B.S. and M.S.

progI'a.l"ilS in food technology offered at IPB. Ph.D. candidates ·:rould. also have 2.ccess

21. .'.lso, t:1e 'Je::1 .. · er would offer short. courses for: personnel in the rural

food i.11dustr'J a.Tld food L~dustry technicic1.r.~s3 teachers =ron technical institutions

and vocational colleges; agricultural ~rtension officers; and nutritionists.

22 . To ensure adequate training in the science subjects essential to food tech-

nology, laboratory equi:;:ime:nt fo::- the science labor:i.tories of I?B 1,1ould be p::-ovided.

Organization and }!a.71gement

23 . The Director of the .!!'l'.0C i:·rould be responsible fo:- the ac:1-rinistr2::;ion of

the 0enter, :for the r'.:.~:e~·~ion of the research and develo!):"Jent progra.""1s c..Tld for

the extension 2.ct:'..vities . Overall buclge·::.ary con·t.rol of the Center would be the

resr-cc1::;:.:.bil:::. ·,~.· of the ?..ec~vr of I?B, f\mctioni..--ig through the I?B Jirector of

Achn:::.nis-':.ration ;:i_i-id ?in211ce. Additional staff to :'.:)erfom the detailed ~Ior.: of

aclministrntion and urocurenent ·-1ould be tr-c,iJ1eci. end enployed b:; the 1m:i:rersi·~:·

a.11d ")I'Ovision has been :::1ade to cover the four ye.3.r :;:,:\)jec-::. :_:,er:i.od .

jJ:TIIBX 3 Page 9

24. 'l'he Director of the Center, an L"ldonesiai.-i :i.<'ood Techno2.ogist of sufficient

stature and acL-r:ri..Tlistrative ab-il i ty, ,;rould be appointed :iJ:u;J.ed:iE.telJ a::'ter

project effecti-reness. A section head for food processing uould be appoj_'l'lted

beginn:ing ,nth the second project year to assist :in the :installation of the

processing equipnent. The Technical and Procurement Officer, the Processing Plant

Manager and the Chief Librarian will also be appointed at the same time. fully

25. The F'illC would not becorae/operatioru.l unt;1 the buildings are conpleted

and equipped and this would not be before the third year of the project.

present there are six candidates for Ph.D. s tudying food science or "'jec!m.olog;y

abroad. They have been sponsored by IPB and USAID and are clue to retu~ :in

1978. IPB has agreed that three of then will join the Center.

26. By 1978 iI.S. grad:ua tes in food tecl:mology would be a7ailable for the posts

of Research Officers and Senior £ct.e.'1sion Officers. Research Assistants and

E::ct.ension Officers would be recruited fron the current B.s. candidates at IPB

and Gajah Hada. Technical Officers a..--id Tecl:micia'ls -v1ould be recruited fron

eng:nee!':ing graduates from the Bandung Institute of 'l'eclmology .

27. The phasing of the a!-Jpo-i ntment o:: F'I'DC staff is given :in Appendix 3. In

all, there wou:.d be 23 senior staff and 50 junior positions by the end of the

fourth year.

Staff DeveloD!'1ent

28. The project provides for 28 ::'ellowships to candidates .:or the posit:.i.on o::

research assistan-': end extension officer and 7 fellowshi?s to tho re working to,,1ards

an :r;:. c:egree at IPB. ( See Appendix u.). 29. The project ,·1ould also firumce for the first i:.meJ :in- service traini."lg in

the use of food process.; ng equipr.1ent for $ and 1-~ candidates. 3ight een 1-:i211-yea rs

of long-tenn fello~ishi:?s abroo.ci are provici.ed to gi-re the f a cu::.:::.y adequate e:cposure

to nodem -:,rends of food technolog:,r ,mrl(.

e

AW&'<: 3 ?age 10

JO. :Co ga:in specialized kno-wleci.ge in the .fields o.f .food sto:::'age and general

.food technology, three lI . S . ccn ·.i. J....-.tcs would need t:raini"'1.B abroad. Fellouships

also include provision for specialized Ph.D. trai.11.i..--ig abroad in food eng:L."'1.eer:iri..g,

food biocher.ri.stl'."J and nuir-tion, quality control and food microbiology 211d

hygiene . ?hasing of ~:-aim.ng abroaa is give::1 :Ln. ~,pend.Lx h.

Jl. Short-tenn training and visits abroad for staff of the Center are also

urovided under the project. The Director 1vould have a period of two months of

tra:ini.ng m administration at a center abroad and would have a total period of

three months v::siti'l'lg food research and traming centers . The process:L.,g plant

nanager and research officers 11ho receive 1'¥l· training i'l'l Indonesia ;;ould visit

food research and information centers in South and Southeast Asia .

Technical Assistance of

32. The project provides for about 97 man.-months/ short-ter.n tecbn:..:: -1.l assistance

to help establish the facilities of the Center and to assist ,1ith the progran

of ilO~-::. Tems of reference for these specialists are giva11 :in Appendix 5.

P'g:rsical Facilities

JJ. The buildi"lgs of the FTDC ·would be loc.J.ted on the campus of the Agricul tu_-ro.l

Uni7ersity at 5:)gor. They would consist of t:-10 blocks , one building for research

l.:l.boratories, the libral'."J, lectu_-re and semi.'l'lD.r rooms. The second building , rould

be used for food process:ng e~ui:?flent and facilities for an exper:i.ma."'1.tal food

processi."lg pilot plant. The e:,rperi.""lan.tal rural food storage and processing un::ts

~iOuld be located adjacent to these facilities.

Jh. ~·1ith a view ~o i.."')jpro-ring the f2.cilit::es for t ra::.nbg in t l:.e sc::ence

subjects essen-';fol -i;o food technology, laborator:r e~uipment for the science

12.boratories at IPB ~·1ould be prov"'ided from project f'tm.ds.

Co sts

JS. The tota l base costs of the conponent ~10U:.d be 05,145, COO o~ ~vhich 60 percent

~-1ould ~"1.V017e foreign en::ch2...'1'16e. Det .::.ils of Ci-rj l_ W.;;:rl(s a re g iven :in J.nne:c 10 m d

e

ANNEX 3 Page 11

an analysis of the total costs in Annex 11. Salary costs of extra staff would

be borne by the Government. Costs of Training and consultant/advisers are

given in .Appendix 4.

e

IlIDONFSIA 1nJTRITI0H DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Research Studies in FTvC

Prevention of Losses During Storage

ANNEX 3 Annendix 1 Page 1

1.. Dr.zing - The most :important prerequi3:..·,e is to thoroughly dry the crop.

In r,,.any areas of the count~; crop dry:ing is a problem because of the high

relative lnnnidity and the fact that rains occur throughlltthe year. Designs of

5ml driers would be tested and modified or redesigned to meet the conditions

encountered in the different regions of Indonesia. Supplementation by air drying

would be studied and ways of reducing the relative hur.iidity of the :inflow:ing air

includi11g local sources of fuel if heat was used for this purpose.

2. Food stores - The general specifications for buildings to minimize losses

during storage are well known. Investigations are needed to find ways of meetmg

these general specifications us:ing, ·wherever possible, local materials and methods

of construction. Exper:L11ental designs would be evaluated on the site of the

Fl'DC and successful prototypes tested in rural areas.

P:.:-:icess~r.a of Foods for Local Needs

3. To preserve perishable crops for out of season use - D:r'J:ing is the

simplest and most effective method of food preservation and methods of preserving

and retaining the vita.'";lins in Indonesia food crops would be studied together with

other methods of preservation which do not require expensive equipment such as

salting, smoking and fenne..'l'ltation.

4. To increase the nutritional value of harvested crops - The ma:in aspects

studied wuld be :in collaboration uith the CRDN en :;ie-:.~1.Js of produc:ing quantities

of optimum prote:in mixtures made up of the locally available cereals a.'l'ld legunes

in a gi7en region. Hodel production mits designed to ensure efficiency and

reproducta.bility of manufactu..--e, together with high standarc.s of hygiene ~·,ould be

developed and ":-8sted in the Fl'DC site before trial i.J.'"1 rural areas. The parboilmg

of rice is an iTJ1oorta..11t area for study since the process reduces the losses of

vita.reins which occurs when rice is polished and improves the value of rice as a

I e

ANNEX J Aopend.i.""{ l Page 2

source of prote:Ll'l. The _milling ratio arrl quality of grain is also in-parboiling

creased by the process. Unfortunately the standard/process used gives a product

which is not acceptable to most Indonesian people. The development of acceptable

food products from parboiled rice would produce considerable nutritional

benefit to both urban and rur--a.l populations.

Processing of Foods for Trcnsfer Fror.1 Rural to Urban Areas

5. Where a surplus of a food crop occurs in a r.1--r-al area, the processing

of the crop to reta.:in or improve its nutritonal value and produce a stable food

product to be manrnted :iJl the urban areas would be :iJlvestigated. The production

of cereal/legur.ie prote:iJl weaning food mixtures is one suc!-l er.ample. In addition

to :iJnprovi_ng the nutritional value of the diet :in urban areas the sett:i.ng up of

small manufa.cturi....ng i..mits in the rural areas :iJlcreases the monetary value of the

marlceted products and yields additional income for the rural comnnmity. The bulk

of the processed food crop is also less them that of the raw materials and

therefore transport and storage costs are reduced.

Process;ng of Food Crops for Export from Indonesia

6. The export of food crops ~-1hich if retai.'!1ed in Indonesia could help to solve

the countr'J's nutritional problem is obviously not to be encouraged although it

does occur. There are.however.,a number of cash crops such as coffee, tea, sugar

and spices which do not have nutritional signii'icance uhich are valuable i'ood

corrnnodities. The technology associated uith tl1a ;:e commodities is well advanced

and research is continually being undertaken at various centers through 01.1t the

world. Only a liJi1.ited anount of research on local asuects should :.he:::-ei'ore be

part of the progr-c:I:"_ of the Center.

Qual ;ty Control

7. In the preparation of all food products it is essential that tests shouJ_d

be made during the process and particularly of the finaJ_ uroduct to ensure that:

(a) nu:-ri.tional standarcs are mainta i.:."led;

(b) no h.2.rm.ful substances are present;

ANNEX J Anpendix 1 Page 3

(c) standards of' hygiene are maintained and the product is free from con­

tamination by hann.f'ul micro-organisms which ,-rould cause rapid deterioration

during storage; and

(d) the product is of the requ.i.r'3cl standard regarding flavor, color and

appearance. Standard methods of quality control will need to be applied

to all manufacturing processes and may need to be adapted to Indonesian

foods and conditions. Advice on quality control aspects will be given to

the larger manufacturing 1mits who will, however, have their 01-m staff a..11d

facilities for ma:inta.:in:ing control.

(8) The small processil"l.g 1mits sited in the rural areas will have neither the

facilities nor the staf'f to mainta.i.Tl quality standards. A service will, theref'ore,

need to be provided by the .PI'DC to monitor the production of rural food processing

ur.its. In addition to the more comprehensive quality control tests,to be carried

out periodically on samples of products f'rom rural processi.Tlg units, new rapid

screening tests will need to be developed which ca..'l be carried ou~ :r the field

to ensure that the output of the rural processing uni~s is safe to eat. This

system of test;ng is particularly important :in the case of the production of

weaning foods since children are more susceptible to the effects of the presence

of J:i...annful micro-organisms in foods.

ANNEX 3 Appendix 2

INWMESIA 1-TIJ'TRITIOH DEVELOUlENT PRDJECT

Village Storage and Food Processing in NIPP Villages

FSTDIA.TES OF COST

Year 1 Year 2 Year J Year 4 Total Storage

Field Study by IPB Group 5,000 5,000

Developme..'11.t of Prototype 5,000 5,ooo

Trial of Selected Prototypes 20,000 20,000

Seminar 10,000 10,000

Sxtension Program in N'IPP areas 42,000 68,000 110,000

Sub-Total 10,000 30,000 42,000 68,000 150)000

Processing

Sur'ley, Field Work Data Processing 10,000 10,000

Laboratory trials and Development small-scale 12,500 12,500 mechanical equipment

Seminar on Policy Program 7,500 7,500

Extension in NIPP areas 10,000 10,000 20,000 Sub-Total 10,000 20 ,ooo 10,000 10,000 50,000

Total 20,000 50,000 52,000 78,000 200 , 000

nmoUCSL'\. l nI'I'TOIJ DEVELOTIIBHT PW,IBCT

Staff List_ at _Full Development in_Year _4 __

J."i'rDc P1i::wESSIOHAf., Sill-TIOTI TECHNICAL JUNIOR TECHNICAL CLERIC'JiL 01-:'IIBRS TOTAL

__ --·--·- · - ·· --···------- __ • __ --------------------- ·--- ---·-------· & GENER'\.L. ------·----·-··--------Arlininist.:r tit:(11

Director ] l fucecutive Secretary 1 6 7 Fm2nce Officer 1 1 General I I;m;ie;emen t 1 4 6 11

Tecbnico.l Services TochnfoaJ. Officers 1 2 10 13 P1-x>ces3ing PlcJnt IIngr. J. 4 5 Libr:i.ry 1 2 3

Sections -----( rncrobiology 1

Biochemistry 1 <.}uality Control 1 Food Processing 1

_) Research Officers 6

12 22

F:Xtens:ion Services J 3 6 10 ----------··----------------··--------------------·--·----- ·---·-------,c;ub Tota] 0 30 10 10 73

Acricu1 l::ur.-il University -----··· Do_ill)r ___ .. ___ -· ---··

Aclr,dniotration 2 2 2 6

TO'f.AL 8 17 32 12 10 79 - . ----- ------ . -·-. -·---------- ---···----------·-· ·· ·--··--·-· -- ------·- ·---- ___ .. __ --·----------------

INDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOFMENT PROJECT

Schedule of Establishment Costs (Constant 176 $ 1000)

Yr. 1 k:2 Yr. 3 ~

Strength of Establishment 8 17 53

Senior Staff 5 9 21

Support Staff 3 8 32

Establishment Cost 18,500 39,000 120,000

University of Bogor

Strength of Establishme~t 3 3 6

Senior Staff l 1 2

Support Staff 2 2 4

Establishment Cost 7,000 7,000 9,000

TOTAL 25,500 ~6:000 122.000

ANNEX 3 Annendix 3 Table 2

Yr. 4

73

23

50

163,000

6

2

4

9,000

112z000

Yr. 2

73

23

50

340,500

6

2

4

32,000

312 z200

1.

2.

TIID. SI/\. ImTr.ITIOIT _DEVEI,OHimT'r POOJ.

. Phasing of Technical Assistancey' ·

I:Tunber of Nru1 Months Consul tant[Aclvisors Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Yen· 4

Program advisor (2 years) 6 12 6 Hesearch SpecioJists (6 months ea) 6 6 12 12 I/.esearch :_;pecblists (3 months ea) 6 6 12 12

-- ------~--· Total 12 18 __J§_ 30 -------------- -#

number of Fellowships 1''ellmrnhips Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Shortterm fellm-rnhipo 2 2 1 3 l1Sc A brond - Starting 2 1

- Ongoing 2 3 1 PhD Abroad - St c1rting 2 2

- Ongoing 2 Li h 2 D,Sc in Inclonesia - Starting 12

- Ongoing 28 26 20 12 11Sc in Indonesia - Starting

- Qngoing

Total

2/ Based on t entative estimates made by apprc1.isal mission.

Total

8 3 6 4

12 12 86

ANITEX.J. ]mpendix ~ Table 1

1NIX)NESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMEi1T

Costs of the Technical Assistance Program

Technical Assistance Unit Cost

Annex 3 Aopendi.x 4 Table 2

Total Cost Number (Constant 1976 $US)

(a) Consultants/Advisors

Program Advisor/Specialist for 2 years 1 70,000 140,000

Equipment Specialists for 6 months ec.ch . 6 36,000 216,000

Research Specialists for 3 months e.:-.cl: . 12 16,000 192,000

Sub-total (consul tan ts) 2L.a,ooo

(b) Fellowshios

FellowshiEs short-term (27 man.,ionths) ~ 3,500 17,500 .,,

Fellowships long-term

B.S. in Indonesia 28 3,250 91,000

M.Sc. in Indonesia 7 6,500 45,500

M.Sc. abroad 3 15 , 000 45, 000

Ph.D. abroad 4 '2 2 , )00 7C , OCO

Sub-total .-,? oo f"\nn ·- - U; : '-''...-

"'.-,7 , ..... ,...,n ,.., -· I ) ... ,

,_

IlIDONESIA NUTRITIOU DEVELOP1'JENT PIDJECT

7oo~ Technology Develonment C9r+er

AflMEX 3 Aonendix 5 Page 1

Tenns of Reference for the Advisor/Specialists on the Program. of ik>rk

The Advisor/Specialists should be well versed in the applications of their

particular expertise and should be aware of the nutritional mplications of

any advice they may give. Experience or knowledge of the application of their

particular expertise to rural conum.mity developnent woti.ld be an advantage .

Advisor on the Programme of Work

Food Technologist with a knowledge of nutrition who is aware of the

nutritional :implications of food processing. To advise on the priorities in the

research programme, in the selection of staff and in the placement of fellow­

ships overseas.

SEecialist in Dryjng Processes

Knowledgeable on the principles of drying methods and on their application

to the drying of food crops and food products.

Specialist on Food Storage

Knowledge and experience of the storage of foods and methods of preventing

spoilage. Particular knowledge of the following :J...'1. advantage:

- construction of food stores, methods of pest control, storage character­

istics of food products and methods of assessi.i.~g storage characteristics.

Packaging Soecialist

Knowledgeable on the principles of methods of packaging foods to prevent

their deterioration in tropical climates.

Quality Control Soecialist

With knmvledge or experience of monitoring the output of small scale food

indus,:-ries. For years 1 3.Ild 2 of the project, a specialist with expertise in

assessing the quality of protein foods for child feeding would be preferTc~.

Food Processing Eauipment Snecialist

ANNEX 3 Appendix5 Page 2

To assist with the evaluation of available equipment for the processing

of foods on a small scale and to help design modifications or initiate new

equipment design.

Rice Snecialist

Knowledge and experience of the processing characteristics of rice to

advise 0n the most efficient methods of processing rice varieties in order to

obtain the maJd.lm.nn nutritional value.

Food Preservation Specialist

Knowledgeable on methods of preservation other than the drying of foods

which could be applied to perishable foods in the rural areas.

Economic and Mari<eting Adviser

To advise on the costing of methods developed for the processing of

Indonesian foods and in particular to assess the cost of manufacturing processes

developed for the production of protein foods for t~e NIP programme.

Supplementation of the "Target Opportunity Persons Scheme" currently

operated by IPB, Bogor -- in this scheme experts travelling through or near

Indonesia are financially supported for :i short visit to IPB. Where the visit

of these experts is relevant to the operation of the FTDC their visit would be

financed from the project funds.

Terms of Reference for the Library and Equinment Specialists

Equipment Specialist (Laboratories) - to assist in the selection of items

of laborator; equipment, identifying supplies and the preparation of order for

equipment supplies. This specialist would also assist with the receipt and

installation of the equipment and ensure that satisfactory provision was made for

its maintenance. In service training of the teclmictl staff would also be included.

:::::quipment specialist (Pilot Plant) - an experienced engineer with a knowledge

of the equipment used in the food industry or in a food research center. This

ANNEX 3 Appendix 5 Page 3

speci.ali st ~v0uld assist with the ::,rocu..1"ffill.ent, installation, operation and

mamtenance of the equipment in the Food Processing Laboratories and would assist

rith the in service training of the teclmical staff.

Library and Infonna.tion Specialist - an experienced qualified librarian

with a knowledge of procuring books and journals, classification systems and

library stock control. A librarian with a specialised knowledge of the

literature on Food Science and Teclmology would be preferred.

INDONESIA NUTRITIOH DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Nutrition Int3rvention11Pilot Program

ANNEX h Page 1

1. The Applied Nutrition Program (ANP) operated from the early sixties as the

main intervention measure to combat malnutrition. In 1973, an evaluation study

of ANP indicated that although ANP had succeeded in raising the awareness at

national and local levels of the importance of nutrition to health and productivity,

it had concentrated too heavily on only one aspect of nutrition -- the production

and co:1.sumption of protein-rich food. The .AfIP also failed to provide for effective

diffusion of nutrition information and improved nutrition practices beyond the

individual innovators and demonstration villages, nor did it es ·:.:,ablish target pop­

ulation groups. Wb.ile the Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project (NIPP) would build

on the awareness created by ANP, it would be specifically directed at such village

population which is nutritionally most vulnerable. NIPP' s emphasis will be on a

nutritious diet according to local feasibility of food availability and on tre

managerial feasibility, and cost effectiveness to determine possible nationwide

replicabili ty.

2. The proposed component was prepared by a Task Force of BAPPENAS with the

assista.~ce of Bank staff and consultants and with close involvement of all regional

and local authorities concerned. In designing the contemplated comprehensive

nutrition activities of NIPP, the success and shortcomings of the ANP experience

]_I An ''intervention" is the term used for a :1.utritional, health, agricultural, economic or other activity, which alters relationships in the system cf inter-­related factors causing malnutrition.

ANNEX l.i Page 2

1/ have been taken fully into account . -' The proposed activities combine

supplemental feeding with associated health, education and agricultural pro ­

duction measures. Different delivery systems, health personnel, tea8hers,

village officials, and volunteers are to be used and the systems tested for their

nutritional impact.

J. The NIPP component would develop effective measures which would

bring about improvement in the nutritional status of target populations. Priority

Y The main differances between the proposed NIPP and A.NP would be:

(~) size 0f e.d..1T1:5.n.ist:rntive unit covered - - NIP? administrati7e ~'lit would be a Y.ahl~with a population ran;r.-ng be±~een a half and cne ri:illion. whereas ANP foc 11ssed on individual villag~_s;

(b) NIPP empnasis on both calorie and protein deficiencies -- .i!J'.? tended to focus attention on production of pro tee ti ·:e and protei!l-rich foods, the latter mainly cf animal origin;

(c) NIPP nutrition education emphasis on brinsinb about behaviorc.l ct.an3e rat})er tr.an on lea.rnin5 about various food groups;

(d) supportive heal th e.ct.ivi ties r,roposed in NIPP but :1ot e.vaih':>l~ in ;.irp;

(e) !IT.PP food supr:er.ient..'3.tion for malnourished children helow the age of three, pregnant ar.d lactating wo~en;

(f) propo5"ed.baseli"1~ survey of nutritional status in NIPP was :-iota feature of ,'SP ar.d ha.ndica pped evalua ticn of ANP; and

(g) atter.J?t to foc us !ITPP action on the nutri~ionally r.eedy, particularly those in the low-income sector.

ANNEX l.i Page J

would oe given to tackling the problem of PCM, after identifying those in

need of assistance, through (i) the provision of locally produced supplementary

food where required; (ii) the control of closely related diseases through

L"TllTlunization and health care and (iii) a nutrition education campaign. The

locally produced supplementary foods will be delivered through alternative

systems such as health, village officials and volunteers. There would be

integrated actions with extension services to stimulate increased food

production for home consumption, reduction in food wastage, better utilization

of available food through nutrition education and encouragement of other income­

earning activities.

Program Ob4ectives

4. NIPP has both nutritional and managerial objectives. Nutritional

objectives are:

(a) to reduce morbidity and mortality resulting from protein-calorie mal­

nutrition (PCM) particularly among young children; and

(b) to reduce the incidence of diseases resulting from deficiencies in vitamin A,

iodine and iron.

Among the means adopted to achieve these objectives would be:

(a) improvement of food habits and related behavior through nutrition education;

(b) increase of food production particularly in home gardens;

(c) improvement of food processing and storage to preve.Dt wastage of food

and nutrients; and

(d) immunization, water supply and improved health services.

5. ~.anagerial objectives are:

AHNEX 4 Page h

(a) to demonstrate the feasibility and replicability on a national scale of

specific nutrition activities to improve nutritional status based on

principles of community self-help;

(b) to develop a system or systems for delivery of food supplements;

(c) to study the feasibility of administering a multi-disciplinary project

within the normal machinery of Government; and

(d) to develop means of measuring the effectiveness of activities aimed at

improving nutritional status.

~ ~ase-Line Data

6. A saTJJple survey of baseline data would be carried out by the Center for

Research and Development ( CRDN) during the preliminary phase of operations in all

NIPP areas so that the achievements of the program could be measured in light of the

above stated objectives. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, arm cir­

cumference)Y and examination for anemia and vitamin A deficiency would be used as

indicators of improvement in nutritional status. CRDN would be responsible for

collecting, analyzing and interpreting the data.

Choice of Project Areas

7. The Government decided that NIPP should begin in the Kapubatens of 3ojonegoro in the Province of East Java and in West Lombok in the Province of Nusa Tengarra 3arat.

In selecting the Kabupatens in these provinces the following criteria were adopted:

the prese"!:ce of 2 Y'lal'1utrition rrcb:!.em; 2dministr2.tbre suppo~t; lH::<=•l::r pos::.ti~·e res­

ponse from the people; an area typical of Indonesian conditions; a..~d where the

.Applied Nutrition Program has been functio:ring .

1/ In recent years, emphasis has been given to anthropometric measurements that are truly age-independent, provided the children can be broadly grouped as of, say, pre-school age. Measurements of arm circumference/height, weight/height are found highly correlated to malnutrition in young children, as judged by a low-weight/ age or by the presence of clinical signs.

ArmE.x t Page 5

8 . The NIPP would be carried cut in the two Kabupatens initially, extend-

ing to two additional Kabupatens in the secor.d year. Subject to a review

by the Government and the Bank, it will be extended to three additional Kabupatens

in the last t~o years of the project . In the second year, Kabupatens would

be selected in .,entral Java and South Sumatra and, s 1..:b~ect to the review,

selection in West Java, Yogyakarta and Bali would fake place for the third year.

? • In the K,\bupatens of Eojoneeoro m1d West Loii'1bok, the initial three sub -

clistrictf selected i..."l each are within e:.c:::y reach of KEbupatenheaclquc:.rtern ::;o o.s to

facilik.te close supervision during the fi.rnt oper;;.tton.::.l ye3.r. Jiost of the

vi...J.lages chosen in these sub-districts arc a~are of the need for nutritional

1..-nprovements from previous A.."Il' activities. The sub-districts selected for the second

year of operations would be those which according to the base-line data imrveys,

have the most widespread nutritional problems in the Kabupaten .

The Ir.i ti2J. NIPP Areas

lDo The Bojonegoro Kabupaten is situated in the northwest of the province

of East Java . It can be divided into three main areas according to the

food availability: in 55 percent of the area food production is in surplus;

in 25 percent of the area, production is just adeouate ; whereas in the

~amaining areaJ it is definitely in deficit the

total population in 1974 was about 876,ooo, of whor.i 76,000 live in the

ca.pi tal Bojonegoro, which is a typical r-.D'.'al to,mship . The rest of the

Kabupate!1 is divided into 19 sub-districts and just over 400 villages. The

villo.ge population at about 2,000 on average is below the normal for Java.

The total area is 2375 sq. km. giving a population density of about 370

per sq. Y..1'1, The totaJ. area devoted to ag!'iculL~re is about 10L1,000 b .. 3.."'1d

the majority of farmers have holdings under O. 5 I~.

e ·

11. Agricultural production for 197lJ was reco::-,Jed as:

Paddy

Maize

Cassava

S0rg1m

211,soo

30,500

58,500

9,000

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

and 2S'O torir.es of r.:iscellaneous crops.

--

Peanuts

S0::a

ecgplant

C:::i.lli8

A1·;.JZX. )1

Page 6

LSo

:l,000

350

320

tonnes

tonnes

to?1!1es

tonnes

12. The annual gross calories and protein values of agricultural production in

Bojonegoro were calculated tc yielc 196L c~~ories c.n0 39,9g protein per ~~Y~~2 a

day. There are 18 polyclinics, 32 r.ealth centers a.'1d 31 sub-clinics>

7 medical of.ficers, BL para.nedical staff ar:d 51 r.1ic:wivcs. /~-;rer-age daily

attendance at the polyc:linics is 293, at t::e teal th centers it is 161 and at the

sub-clinics only 14•

13. For the first year of operations t~e .follc· • .--ing sub-dis tricts and

.''illages have been selected:

Sub-District

Sur.ibe:r:_re jo

Da..'1der

Kalitidu

Village

SU!:':::Jerrejo Pr a~.--u. '1 g an Tlogoaji

Da..'1d er ;;gU.."':l.i. t r-'.ojora..'1u

~igujo PuJ,;p ung ari le:-an

.. - --~--: ~

Al1WEX 4 ?age 7

].4. Sumberrejo and Dander have health clinics, all others have r-mH centres

except Ngurrut, which has one nearby. Sumberrejo and Dander have also been selected

as sub- districts for the lMPRES for Community Development. All villages have

schools and some are covered by the Government 1 s programs for water supplies and

provision of latrines. In each sub· district there is a grain co-operative (BUT.JD)

with storage capacity for 100 tons . Gra.:in :in store seldom exceeds 15 tons because

of the rapid through-put to BULOG; there would be ample spare capacity for the

cereals and legumes required for supplementary feeding and the local processing

of supplementar; food would be carried out at the BUUD depots.

15. Lor:ibok is the westem island of the prov.ince of Uusa Tengc:,.rra Ba.rat and

it is divided into three Kabupatens. Hest Lombok Kabupaten, which includes

the provincial capita l Materam, has been selected as an a rea for t he proposed

NIPP component. The area of West Lombok is 1,728 sq. km., ~-1ith a population of

about 556,000 i.~ 1974 and 310 persons per s ~. km. The total a rea under cultivation

m 1974 was a round 96,000 hect ares . It is divided into 9 sub-district s and 83

villages. The villages var-y in size from nearly 16,000 to just under 2,000

population . On average, the village population is about 6,500 or double that on

e Java.

16 . Agriculture production .for 1974 was recorded a s:

Milled rice 61,500 tonnes Peanuts 3,000 tonnes

Maize 3,500 tonnes soybean 4,000 tonnes

Cassava 66,500 tonnes mung bean 500 tonnes

sweet potato 9,500 t onnes Onions 3,500 tonnes

a."rJ.d a litt le sesame and sorghum.

e

17 • In the intensifiP-d, irrigation areas the average annual yield of paddy was

5,230 Kg. per hectare. The cross calorie and protein values of agricultural

production on West Lombok were calculated to yield 1690 calories and 31.6 g of

protein per capita and daY• In eight of the nine sub-districts there are

polyclinics, three of which have a doctor in charge and there are 23 sub-

clinics. The attendance at all the 31 heal th outlets is about 9,000 per month,

about 10 per clinic per day.

18. The following sub-districts and villages have been selected for the

first operational year :

Sub-District

Narmada

Ca!cranegara

J\.n;) en a.n

-'

Village

Bt. KUiilbung Selat Sembung

Telagawaru Sayang-2 Kekeri

Gunungsari Heninting Kekait

Each of these villages has a school and most have heal th faci 1 i t.i A~-

Phasi.Tl g of NTPP

] 9. In each NIPP area activities undertaken in the first year, would i..'1clude

in chronological order:procurement of vehicles and equipment; selection · and trai;~ng

of NPO and ANPO and Training Officers; collection, analysis and interpretation of

baseline data; formulation, testing and production of one or more food supplements;

design of a nutrition education canpaign and preparation o.!.' teaching aids;

training of VANPO, village cadres and food suppl cmer.t production sta.!.'f; familiarh ·

ing officials, and potential beneficiaries with the project objectives; and

development of a plan of operations. Appendix 5 rcprescntc prelir.iinary activitic"

and their phasi~g .

ANNEX Lt Page 9

20. The second year would be the initial year for operational activities in

each selected regency. Activities would take place in three villages in each of

three sub-districts oi the Kabupaten. In the third year, operations would be extended

to three more villages in each of these sub-districts and three villages in three

additional sub-districts. Appendix 6 provides a chronogram giving a summary of

activities.

21. The base-line survey would provide the basis for preparing the plan of

operations for each Kabupaten. The plan would reflect decisions relating to the specific

activities to be undertaken in each village, how and when they would be carried out

and who would be responsible for each activity. These plans of operation would be

ready well before the first operational year in each NIPP Kabupaten.

Food Supplementation

· 22. Free food supplementation would be arranged for children with existing and/or

potential signs of PCM (indicated by anthropometric measures) and for malnourished,

pregnant and lactating mothers. The eligibility of mothers for food supplementation

would be on lhe basis of agreed criteria, chief among them would be low family

income levels. The food supplementation would also be a teaching aid for nutrition

education emphasizing the importance of adequate feeding, since in the long-run

the teaching of better feeding is far more important than the curative aspect of

supplementary feeding programs ( see para 28).

23. The food supplements, consisting of a cereal and legume mixture, would make

use of locally available materials and would be processed at sub-district level.

Se~3ction would be made from the various supplements already developed by the CRDN,

including the simple processing blending techniques suitable for local use.

24 . Raw materials would be purchased and stored by the local co-operatives

(BUUD/KUD) and processing would be carried out at co-operative depots (BUUD) which

would be available in each sub-district. After processing, the food would be

packed in plastic bags with capacities of either a one-week supply for a child or

a one-week supply for a mother. The Yillage distribution point would hold up to

one month's supply of food. Distribution of the weekly food supplements would be made against vouchers presented by the beneficiaries. ReplenisD.ment of the

rnonUi'::; supply of food nt _ the dictribution point would b(! r::adc ar::iin::;t

vouchers collected from 1..lie beneficiaries. The FTDC would be rC;;,pon::d.ble

for moni torinc the · quality of the food cupplcJT,cnt and the Provincial l:IPP

Audit Unit would check production nnd delivery of the suppleme:its (see para l.i5

2nd t;:pend::.::-: 1 ) •

He.tl th Services

25.. Existing heal th services air.ied at controlling infectious and pn.rasi tic

diseases and at educating the population in personal and environmenttl hygiene

would be intensifie~ in HIPP ar~as~ Special provision ,-:ould be made in all NIPP

villages for treating dia.:-rhoea m.d .f~r im.'lltmizatio!1 cf children against the

.1/ ccmmon infectious diseases of smallpox, tuberculosis, diptheria, whooping

cough, and tetanus. Over 100,000 children are exnected to be immunized as

a result of the project.

~. A Presidentio.J. Instruction has made provision for improved

be due- to benefit frow th::.c pN[;Tz.i"";l, its effecti verless is constrained b:r lack of

personnel able to locate suit'1ble 1-mtcr sources a..rid to cons:.r.1ct the inst.::i.D .... 1.tic:n.s.

1-Jithin the HIPP cOI::ponent there is fin :'.llcio.l pro,r:_sio::-2 to o.::;s::.st :_'1 ".:-1:,:; p:.--a·,ri::;ion

2/ Heasles is recognized to be prevalent, but on cost considerations immunization against measles is not proposed in the project.

L_ - -

2 7.

:d!1J! ·,.,( !1 Pace 11

by frI1ilie::, jnto .:1. joint cor:r:.nmity f'unrl. Su.ccess:'ul r:ocle..:.s h.?.."ii'C been ucvelo!-)cd :Lr1

the S0lo c.1,e2. of Centr.:.l J.:'.-.-::,_ .:nd :iJ1 Kc:Ll]_)lmgs of J:~:o.rt2.. :Co.ch f':inily p_,ys 2.

sr:10..ll mon:.hly su.,-n to o. corr.nmity funclj m.i.c:i ::x:.:r:-:e;1ts v2..r;] o.cco1"::.ing to the I7:.ec.ns of

the f,:::Jn:..ly. The i'uncl is administered b? o. co731it,tee 2.IJ?Oi_"1tee'. by the coi".:1U.."1ity.

l.lhen there is sickness in a r:1e;;1ber 1s faTTiily, the p.:i..tieni:, report: to the hc2.lth

ce:m~2r for treatment; the nor:r.al fees are cm.r6ed to 2nd paid by the co:::,lmity

f'TJnd. In sorr.e cases the community ms used the .f'l..:nci for loc.:i..l corTii:.erci:11 lo.:ms and

the interest earned has been of'ten sufficient to meet the health costs on a self-

m.istai..'1.j_"1g basis.

Nutrition Education most of their members being women,

2 8. Using villagE: cadres,/as the principal teaching agents, special

attention would be given to mothers of malnourished c.hildre!1 who would

receive nutrition Lr1fornation along with food supplementation for their

children. Nutrition education material i·:ould be produced a.11d tested for

use on a national scale. The material adapted to the nutritio:12.l conditions

of each village would convey initially four nain messages on (a) the prono-

tion and naintenance of breast fcedinr;; (b) the use of supple:'lentary and

more nutritious homemade wPru1ing foods; (c) the use of locally available,

cheap foods to supplement the cereal-cased diet; a'lrl. ( d) the i:-:r-,act o.f

adequate nutrition on child development. The proc;rs""l woulri 2..lso er.y-ih1.sj_zc

hygienic food handling and the special .:'.'ceding of ci,:..ldren :-ri ~.:: d.:..nrr::oca

and other d.i.S8.'.1SP.S. The detailed conte:1t and r:et!-.odolog:.· .fo:· nutrition

cduc.:i.tinn would be determined on the basis of the reco;;::-r)cnda:.ions maJe by

the nutri tiun eJucation consul ta.nt, who would be engaged d'-.lring the first

1. JI! fi,Z ) ! P:, r:c: 1 ;1

yc:nr of th~ project. E::i.ch v-l.ll.::tGC nutrlti.on c<::ntsr 110U::.d ho:i_c: t-.:o pr::::i,:;_c2.l

the denonstration.

conponent of the project ( see irrurn:: 5) ":10U __ 1..cl be teste.::. -iT1 the L';t·-¢,en se:ected for

JTTi'P i.."1 Cs:1.tr.:11 Jo.ye,, :in the second oper2.tion.:.l ye::.r. ' co:-:::xi.risoYi ":·:oulc be 1713.de

of the effectiveness of th:ismodel (,·Jhich C!epcnci.c: upon ~ ser:i.1;:s o::.~ ~-:or:-::sh'.:l:)3,

neC::tir'..[;s E,nd se.";lj_r.ars at various 2.cL11inistrative le~:eJ.s) in coll£:.boratioY1 ·.:ith

other HIPP .:1ctivities, o..1."ld i;ithout such co:i..labo:r-2.tion. Each Ko.b'....'J)aten selected for

1'IIPP l·iO'~!ld be pTovided with communication equipment for use in r.!oti vation of

key persoru1el, training of staff and for nutrition education.

Agricultural Extension Service

JO. Agricultural extension services operate in all prov-i.-nces ,·1here HIPP

activities uould take nlace and in each sub-district an Agricultural Extension

Center would be available for NIPP trai..."'1.ing requirements. Zach of these Centers

cover ten Village Exte."lsion Units D.Ild in the NIPP areas local nutrition ,1ori::ers

would visit far-;iers r g:roups at the saJi1e time ~s the agricultu_-raJ.. e..."Ctension uori-:er

from the Unit.

Program for Improved Home-Gardens in NIPP Villages

Jl. BIHAS has a vegetable production program cover-i_ng 20 ,OOO hectare :in the

Province of East JavaJ :i..ncludi.Tlg 2,000 hectare allocated for Bojonegoro. This

progr.:..m is aimed at vegetable production for the COlilr.1erc:.a.1 mar.cet <l!ld not for hone

consumption. T"ne Government of I.ri.donesia proposes that the home-garden sub­

comoone.ri.t :in the HIPP areas should be separate from the BTI.I:'l.S program.

32.

ANHEX 4 Page 13

the b-1.sis o:f l1h1.t is nutrit:.on .. 1.lly cles:irc1."o:1..e ,'J...'Vl f.'.CC8:.')t.;;b;_r; to th'3 loc.::.l p0~:r~1.2.o.tion,

hor:.iculturaJ.ly feasible CJid econo::1ic:1lly jus:.ifi,:,.b2.e . A su.r,-ey is beinG u.n,-lert.:L:en

o.f fru:i.'e,s, veget:2bles, leg-ro .1es and tubers ~,hich c.:::11 provide 2. ~1ell - b.:i_l2nceC:_ ::,lr;::9J.~r

go.i.-v::len::: ~ri 11 be L.8Velopod, ..... .......... .!..V~

33 . In the province of &1st Java the la:,d occupied by :1oi~c:rards ar~ounts to

17 .4 percent of the total o.gricul tural land . The greatest constraint for its

- productive use would be water supplies 2.nd, alt:~ough ii!Uch of the r.ome;-/a.rd land could

not be used for the production of vegetables and fruits, a rr.ai-·ked increase s:-iould

be possible and action, based on the hon~ - gardm package, would be stimulated in

NIPP villages.

34 . In order to establish the necessar::r demonst:::-atio:1 ef.:2:t, :.he pY-ograr1 ;:oulci be

pr·ovidcd, for a J year period, on a gr2..11t basis . Thereafter, the C-avt:::::-r_-:er.t, 2...'1d t:ie

:i:3ank would review the results and in light of thei.c .:i:1.d::.:--.gs, d-.:/:,er.nir:s ~-:hstr.er t,his sc10-

COD.pOnfnt should be converted

e 18,000 individual farmers in

seeds and other inputs needed

to a credit proj:;Y-21_: to oe 3.d:niniste:::-ed u;1der 3::C·::CS. J, wttl of~

the NIPP villages 1-101.1..ld receive an bi tial supply of In addition,

for hore.e-gardens. /co:r_',nmi ty effo:::-ts Houle. be r.obilized

' <

through the Lurah and village natrition cadres in setting up village garder1s - for

each 1.rillage - on communally 01-med ln.ncl. A part of the output of these garde:::s would

be used for focd sup1=leme:ltation o:: the nutritionall~r vul'1.eri.cle .;roul)s. -~-t t:-_e ti:ne

of full project implementation the additional production o: vegetables ::r·om these

horr.e/ ~'illage gardens would reach a value of about US~500,000 annually.

35. The training of agricultural extension workers for the promotion of homegardens

would oe u."1.dertaken during the .:iTst yea!' of the project . q the 'oegiri.nir:g of

of the first operational year, supplies of seeds and cuttings, fertilizer and insecti-

cides would oe available and promotion of homegardens would become an integTal part

of the :JIPP activities right from their cormr.encernent. Good vegetable seed is not

ave.ilaole locally and supplies required would oe imported under the prcposed pro~ect

and tested during the first project year at the 3ogo:r ,\.g:ricu2.tural University be:ore

e

ANNEX 4 Page 1 L:

being used in i.IT?P areas. UNICEF is supporting a program to develop dP.monstration seed gaYCiens that could be replicated at Kabupaten or sub-district levels. It would assist

in the preparation of a curriculum for seed garden managers and of an instruction manual for management of seed gardens. The GoverIL~ent is discussing a possible project, financed bi-laterally, for the establishment . of large-scale seed production facilities.

Food Storage

36. Information regarding village level storage of food is sparse. While there

are reports that losses may be as much as 25, estimates of losses

are unreliable. Much of the grain crop is sold immediately after harvest; storage of

grain is normally "over the stove" in the houses and would be for a short to medium

period of time. Improved storage facilities would not only reduce losses, but would

also enable the farmer (debt permitting) to retain the crop for sale at a higher

price than at post-harvest time.

losses 37. Most/are likely to be caused by insects, birds, rodents, micro-organisms, rain

and water condensation. When rain occurs shortly after harvest, drying becomes

difficult and this can cause serious losses.

38. The proposed action within the project would include:

(a) a study by the IPB Food Technology Group of storage losses under farm

a.Dd village conditions;

4lt (b) the design of prototypes to be developed in simulated village conditions

at IPB;

(c) the trial of selected prototypes in village conditions for technical

effectiveness a.Dd response by the farmers;

(d) the review of results by a national seminar to recommend on the policy and

program for storage at fann and village levels; and

( e) the training of extension wor'.cers in promotion of the recommended

program.

39. The IPB Food Technology group would carry out a baseline study L~ the NIPP

areas of the prevailing storage practices. This would include determining the

losses incurred during storage by weight, volume and nutrient content; the reaction

ANNEX 4 Page 15

of farmers to losses; and marketing practices. Most of the production is

presently sold at harvest times. The study should, therefore, find out what are the at

immediate cash requirements of farmers/ harvest time to pay debts; is damaged

grain sold with or without price differentials; and what are the price fluctuations

during the year.

40. In designing prototypes, the group would consider whether modification of

traditional methods would be more effective rather than introducing new methods.

The aim would be to develop a low cost storage facility, using local materials as

far as possible, and capable of being built by local labor. The methods for testing

effectiveness would be devised so as to ensure that they could provide a basis for

monitoring.

41. The third stage would be the construction of five selected units

in NIPP villages. After these units have been tested for technical effective­

ness as well as evaluated on grounds of costs/benefits an additional 25 units

will be constructed in other NIPP areas. Following the development of a -

successful design, proposals for a storage credit program to be provi~ed

th~ough __ ~~ Rakya~ would be prepared for financing its wider adoption.

Promotion of better storage methods would involve training of agricultural

extension staff in the technical aspects of construction and in communication

techniques to facilitate acceptance and participation by the farmers.

42. After completion of studies and trials a seminar would be held. involving

those responsible both at national 2nd local levels to fonnulate a policy

and program for farm or village level stor3.ge. Bulk storage by BULOG and inter­

mediate storage at FJUD/KUD depots could be affected by the storage methods

used at farm or village levels. Close co-ordination of the total storage system

would require to be considered by the seminar. The recoillJTlendations of the semi~ar,

as approved by the Government of Indonesia and the Bank, would be applied in selected

villages of the NIPP areas. Details of the estimated costs are given in Appendix 9.

e

Food Proce::::::::inr;

ILmEx 11 Pnec 16

l..iJ. Although there have been a fe1-1, i::::ol.J.ted stuclie::;, little is J:nom1

<!bout food processing a.rid food h.J.nclling in villages. In p::iro.llel 11ith the

studies and trials for village level storage, work 11ould be mdert.'.!ken on

improvements in village level processing by the IPB Food Technology GToup. In the

NIPP areas, a surrey -,1ould be carried out to detennine the current practices of

food handling, processing and preservation of the major food crops ·with particular

attention to the nutrient content and hygienic quality of the foods at various

stages. The cor.:modities to be studied would include cereals such as rice, nnize

and sorghum, legumes such as soybean, !T!1J1lg bean and peunuts, and root crops such

as cassave and sweet potato. Attention would also be paid to dark green lea..-fy

vegetable::::, fruits and other vegetables.

44. It is e::-.'J)ected that the survey -..Jould reveal many possibilities for

bri_nging about :inprovements in the methods of handli..11g, processi.'l'lg and preser­

vation of foods. Short-term experiments 1·10uld be carried out by the IPB Food

Technology Group under simu.lated village conditions at Bogar. The results of

the experiments and trials would be presented to a seminar consisting of

representatives from the NIPP

Nutrition Development Project.

and from other components of the

Recommendations from the sem:i...'l'lar would be converted

into teaching aids ,·1hich would assist extension sta.ff' in p:romot:L"Tlg the adoption

of :Li!proved r.iethoci.s in the NIPP areas.

Village Ooerations

45. Villages are already divided into

Each village ,,1ould have one or more simple

blocks of about 50 househo~ds each. which would be the focus of nutritiona:til7±:::

village nutrition ce..~ters/each serving

appro;dlilately 600 households or 3,000 people. The village nutrition center ~·1ould

be located in a village hall, school or other builcli.ng that could be suitably adapted

and staffed by the village cadres. The project provi~es for the cost of aclE.pt~tion

of, or iJnprovements to the buildings selected and for the recruitme...rit end training

of part-t:i.ne village cad...---es. The v.;llage cadres, mostly wome.'11, would be recruited

NITIBZ 1.i Pet~e 17

from among home economic workers of the agricultural extension service,

community development workers and members of the women's organization

PKK. The village cadre would be responsible for compiling a register of

all children below the age of three years, for carrying out and recording

the results of monthly weighing of these children and, on the basis of

lack of or luw weight gain, identifying children in need of food sup-

plement, which would be obtained from the local authority. The village

cadre would visit the homes to demonstrate preparation of the food and

to assist in the child's acceptance of the supplement a.~d to provide in­

formation on improved nutrition practices. Such visits would be repeated

until ~~e feeding practice is established. The daily supplement would

consist of 60g of the approved cereal-legume mixture and would be provided

to a child until the weight gain would be adequate, normally a period of

between 45 and 90 days. Based on experience of rehabilitation centers in other countries, the expectation is that the mother i:ould feed the child properly thereaf'cr

46 The monthly weighing would be used as an educational tool. Most

mothers do not recognize that there is anything wrong with a child suf­

fering from mild or moderate PCM, for that is the norm. Monthly weighing

provides the opportunity to demonstrate that the child may not be doing

well. Similarily, the food supplement would be used as an educational

tool to demonstrate that locally available foods can bring about the

required change in well-being. The vast majority of Indonesian mothers

want to do the best they can for their children and once they recognize

the need for change in the feeding of their children, it would be e:xpected

AJlliEX li Page 18

that they could look after their present and future children adequately.

Not all would be able to do so. Perhaps about 20. percent of those who have been

rehabilitated through supplementary feeding and health care, may relapse

and require a second period of supplementation. In addition there would

be a hard-core of those who, wo~Jq ne~er be _able to feed their children . .

satisfactorily because of handicaps or economic circumstances. This group

renresent~_. a......15eparate social prol;i.:!,em, which cannot be solved through this project.

47. It is proposed that initially there would be one village cadre

per 25 households. After a year's activity, it is believed that the

intensity of supervision may be reduced to one village cadre per 100

households. Thereafter the numbers could be reduced further, but as the

cadres receive no honoraria, the number maintained does not affect the

cost of continuation. The provision of un:.i'orr:is, certi=icates and inter-village conpetitions would be used as incentives for village cadres.

48• Pregnant women represent a different problem. Al though many

are affected by PCM, the most prevalent problem is nutritional anemia.

In diets lacking in animal protein, it would be unlikely that pregnant

women would be able to acquire sufficient iron from their normal diet.

Every effort would be made to encourage pregnant women to make use of the

existing MCH services, where iron tablets, provided by UNICEF, are readily

available. The most economically deprived section of the community may

require supplementary feeding. Provision has been made to supply pregnant

mothers at risk. (These wumen will be identified from among low income families,

as mothers with at least one child having PCM). Roughly 10 percent of preg­

nant women would receive a supplement consisting of 120g per day, for the last

trimester of pregnancy. Those who receive supplements when pregnant would

continue to receive supplements during 150 days of lactation; in addition,

mothers of underweight babies (below 2,500g at birth) would be provided with a

supplement.

Organization and Management

49. The Director-General of Community Health, Ministry of Health,

w0uld have overall responsibility for the NIPP component. For the manage­

ment of NIPP, he would be assisted by a National Co-ordinator, whose

staff would include three Assistant Nutrition Program Officers (AlJPO), one

of whom would be specifically responsible for training; there would be

three administrative officers to assist.

50. In each province where NIPP would operate, the Governor of the

Province would be responsible for the co-ordination and imolementation of

the nutrition program. For planning purposes, the Governor would be

advised by the provincial planning authority (BAPEDA); for co-ordination

and implementation he would be advised by the Committee for Improvement

of Family Nutrition ( BPGD) established at provincial and Kabunaten levels

under the .Applied Nutrition Progra.~. The BPGD is chaired usually by the

Inspector of Health of the Province; members consist of senior govern­

mental representatives of agriculture, community development, education,

co-operatives, water supply, fisheries, religious affairs, etc. and of

non-governmental organizationssuch as scouts and the Community Development

Board (LSD). The Governor would be assisted by a Nutrition Program

Of.:icer OJPO), who would have in addition to general duties specific responsi­

bility for monitoring and evaluation.

AW/EX ~ Paee 20

.51. At the Kabupaten level, the Bupati, the chief executive of the

Kabupaten would be responsible for Nil'P activities. He would be advised

by the BPGD and would be assisted by two ANPOs one of whom would have

specific responsibility for training.

52. At the sub-district level, the Unit for Community Development

(UDKP) would be responsible for advising the Cemat, the executive head of

the sub-district, on the NIPP activities. He would be assisted by one

ANPO and three supporting staff, one of whom would be the Training Officer,

one would be responsible for production and distribution of the food sup­

plement and the third would deal with routine finance, returns and reports.

53. The Village C rganization for Social Development under the chair-

manship of the village headman would be responsible for village operations.

There would be a Village Assistant Nutrition Program Officer (VANPO). Where l/

possible, this would be :initially a BUTSI volunteer working full-time, but

failing that, the V.AJ'lPO would be employed part-time, e.g. a teacher. The

VANPO would provide the local supervision for the village cadres, of whom

there would be one per 25 families on an average during the first year

of operations. Appendix 2 shows the organizational structure of NIPP,

~ppendix 3 provi_CES details of the staff requirements by years and Appendix 10

provides job descriptions for the National Co-ordinator, NPO, ANPO and others •

.J/ BUTSI are Indonesian graduate volunteers who work in the rural areas on

approved projects.

L-inl:2.r;es ,-1ith Oth'.)r Project Cor.monent::;

f1J:JC~( 4 Pn.cc 21

S4. HIPP operotions 1-1ould require the inter;mted support of CIIDH, FTDC

.:md the nutrition education group to be established under other components of

the project. CRDH would be responsible for collecting .:md :mo.lyzing bo.seline

data and mid-term and final surveys, for providing scientific and technical

infonnation for local production of food supplements .:md for advising on pl.'.J.ns

of operation. CPJJ!! would be involved i,.'11 the scientific evaluation of the l!IPP

cor:rponent.

S5. Pending the establishment of FTOC, the IPB Food Technology

Group would develop improvements in storage and processing at village

level. Later, FTDC's pilot extension service would operate in the NIPP

areas, identifying problems relating to local transport, storage, prepar­

ation, processing, preservation, packaging and distribution of food.

Ide.-ritified problems would be studied by the FTDC and proposed solutions

tested in the NIPP areas. The FTDC would advise on and monitor the

quality of the food supplements.

56. One of the two sub-districts selected for trial of the nutrition

education model proposed in the nutrition education component, would be

in a NIPP area. The proposed simulation of mass media communications for

nutrition messages would also be used to reinforce nutrition educational

activities of village cadres in NIPP areas.

Training

The ANPO at the Ministry would be an officer with e:x:per-

ience in training and extension and would be responsible for organizing

staff training at national a."1d provincial levels. Each Kwpaten would have

/ 1'"'0 n!sponsi ble lor or••anizin1:. tr1•~ cou1·.,t:;.; 'l'o:;: 'll.~PO :_,vJ fi.n I ,r- L,

vilJ:11;< : cn.drc:.;. The latter ,..,ould ':>e the :..;pecifj.c r<~:;ron:::;ibilit:,· of tlic

Training Offlcer :::; at sub-district level. .Appendix '( outlfoe:::; the tr::iininc

propo:::;n.ls. The /JJPO would be u::::::;is'Led by a traininc consultant.

58. NPO and A:~'PO would be trained at the Nutrition Academy, Jakarta,

\·rlth the except.ion of those required for the first ;,rear, who ma:,' be trained

abroad. A two month trnining course would be planned anrl carried out by

the A.:·!PO at the Hinistry, assisted by the consultant and staff members of

the Academy, C .'IDN and FI'DC.

59 , Training Officers would attend h;o month courses at provincial

headquarters, probably at Surabaya. These courses would be pla..'111ed and

carried out by the ANPO at the Hinistr-.r, assisted by the consultant

and provincial staff of the Cammi ttee for Improvement of Fanily Nutrition

(BGD'.l).

60 . VANPO would be trained at Kabupaten level. Their one month courses

would be organized by the ANPO at the Kabupaten headquarters, but the curriculum

would be planned by the llti.nistry staff, assisted by the consultant. Ka-

bupate.."1 staff of the Committee for Improvement of Fa.r:iil:.r Nutrition \;ould

be involved in the training.

61. The way in which the component has been planned to expand would

ensure that there would be normally two training courses ner year for

villace cadres in each sub-district. The exception would be where villages

a.re abnormally large and in such circumstances extra training officers have

been included. 'i'he courses, of one month dur~tion would be held at Health

Centers or Aericul tural Extension Centers in the Sub-districts. Eve:1

aJ.lowinc for prepar:1tion, the Training Officers would have ample time to

conduct refresher courses and in-service courses in each sub-district ammaJ.ly ·

e

Technical Assistance

ANNEX 4 Page 23

Provision has been made for 24 man-months of consultancy.

Six man-months would be required for a consultant on nutrition education

to advise on the program for NIPP areas and to prepare a simple manual.

Ten man-months would be required for a consultant on the training of

Nutrition Program Officers and Assistant Program Officers. The balance

of 8 man-months would be available, if required, for problem solving

resulting from operational experience.

6 3,. The costs of the project component are detailed in Appendix 8.

They are subject to modification based on the results of the mid-term review.

Monitoring and Evaluation

64. Base-line data collection, mid-term and final evaluation will be

carried out by CRDN. The monitoring and evaluation unit, Ministry of Health,

will request collection of data by management according to specific criteria

and indicators. The unit will be responsible for designing the methodology

for data collection, the form of their presentation in writing, the frequency

of reporting by field staff and the subsequent analysis of the data. The

unit will convey the results of analysis to project and component management

and to CRDN. Effective evaluation is the most crucial factor in this component

( See Annex 8).

e

e

Production :md Di[; t:::-:i buti 0n of F0od Sunn1 £'::!o!lt

Audit and In­s ection Unit ·

NIPP Provin·cinl T,evcl

NIPP Rcf!ency I,evel

..----X:.'-------, JI.TIPP

Sub-D.Lstrict Level I I I

- - MThJ:l<:X l: Appendix 1

FTD: I

'

Surveillance of

Quality Control

Supplcn,cnt Pro­duction Unit

I

L------------- . ____ u_ ,;,, 'RlJTJD/Y,TJ:) "' ,.-.

---------) -----:>

NIPP Villa .e Level

Village Housei1old

>, rl P, p,

1' I I I

I ~ I

Cl) l -g \/ O I ~. l

I -------<--- ___________ j ._ ______________ _,

Centre

Honthly Wei!!hing

Nutrition Centre

Funds a...l'lcl Food Supplc;.1cn t

Credit Pnck:1ge Other Linke

V .N .C. Selection

HCH Ccn-irc

'

, ·--· ---- -- ?'

1 NFQ

3 ANro 3 Admi.n.

1 NFD

2 Admin.

2 ANFD

2 .AmITN.

e

1 ANFQ 3 Ad.min.

l VANFO 1 Admin. . 2 Cadres

Orcani::;:1tio71nl Structure of NIPP

Direc tor-Gener;, l of Comram1i ty Heal th NIPP Exccntive Board

Governor of Province Provincial BPGD,IBAPEDA

Bupati of Hee;ency ReP.:enc-v BPG D

Camat of Sub-District

Village NIPP Cormnittee LSD

7 NIPP ,. r Provinces

1 Regency per Province

Al\f:\JEX 11 Appendix 2

About 1S Sub-Districts per Regency

About 1S villaecs per Sub-District

Size of Village varies greatly

Villa e ~Tu t ri tion Centre Vil l a e r:utri tion Cr;n t r "!

Block 1

Block 2

Block J

Block 4

Block 5.

\

Block 6

Block 1

Block 8

Block 9

Block 10

Block 11

' -

Block 12

--- ._ ... _________ ... ____ - --- ~

Staff by Cat egory and Year

National Year 1 Year

Nutrition Program Officer 1 1 Asst . NPO 1 3 Administrative 2 3

Provincial

NPO 2 4 Asst . NPO 2 4 Administrative 4 8

e ~egency

ANPO 4 8 Administrative 4 12

Sub-District

ANFO 6 Administrative 18

Village

VANPO 1e Admi:iistrative 18 Cadre 576

2

ANNEX 4 Appendix 3

Year 3

1 3 3

7 7

14

14 21

18 54

72 72

Year L.

1 3 3

9 9

18

18 27

37 111

183 183

1,600 4,800

e

Under-.3 Children '!/ D1· r.o :r !";. n!'-.i. C D"t~ Sunn] cm-,nted

kl. for,. Av. Pep . :io. eif ilo. of Vill n.z::-::·:s1 Sub- Vill . Und,;r 3 FCI~ &; Year Year Ye:,r

Di,;L Childr~n Case3 lio. 2 3 4 .,,'_t :t·~ri:. (1)7~)

. ( '. ' - •,) 46500 30!,0 )37 95 }-9 855 l:;>8 )71 ,. - -C C .; _·,:.) 10-27 1710 tl52

20-57 ?8~0

655 21)8 )87)

d .. :' :_:_-d_ r: 4767 6[;(, 193 1-9 1737 869 J/17

'·· .. '•0!!..: -:- .. · 3. :.~!'c. .. ) ~

5ao .,.,~ Sii.:G 263 10-27 1,770 2385 l239 9CO 252 28 -54 ;;r:c;~

1737 56)? )>20li

I 0.977)

..,~ ·:~~,:_. ::·~ \ 50)75 29ll 347 97 1-9 873 liJ7 ----17116 10-27

87) Ll63

/j_-,7?) •.• ~·;: ~·1 \ -,~'Jl 1:1?24 2))8 JOS cs 1-? 769 JU~

10-27 1517

769 1922

(l ne) . . ·.' .. 'j ;,, l4672 l)50 6)3 2)3 1-6 lJS,9

0.97i: ) .Ir:_ ... , ~ ~ -T :'"~ Jdc..)0 5l5J 503 llil 1-6 m.6

CS/,;) ~ -. - 50!.00 buO 59? 163 1-6 I.loon

:.. - .. .. ·.,_i:.... . .{ c.:.nt.in~(d J-t,;1·1 ud 0~" s·1r•:"Jlc.1r::ita.t.:.vn il')u.ltl Le exr,C!ct.ed in ~econd J ~ .- ;';.." :. ->~ ; c ;,' t.hf ,::;E: rt:! ,..1'tlli v. ~tJ 2(~t arc e;xp(.;cterl to r.alopse; ] 0% rcpre~cnt.:; c :~...1:-t ( ,I :-. :.;;·J·l./-! er:, ch.ild:-l.:'1. '!'ct,;,J 2Ld yeu.r ~O~ of first. 1'hird year estimated ~

11~,· vf :: ; r5t yc::.r tc. tal.

Total By Ile0crl~y

6866

16660

3056

2691

1)99

8!16

1008

e

Demographic D:-tta Pre"nan t Wonen Sunn] enP.n ted Lact..tinl' Wonen S,mri1P:- 0 nted Pr;,i::. !lo. To Toti..ll ,ate.: Women Be Year Yeur Year B:, Year Year Year By Per S,1pp. 2 ) 4 Recency 2 ) h Re;;enc)· Vill.

137 27 24) 2l,J 21,3 2)1 231 231 l.86 486 L62 J,62

729 6'l1

2113 729 1h58 2h30 2)1 693 1386 23:0

215 LJ 387 )07 307 )68 366 36d 295 59 77h 77h 736 736 281 56 1161 110!,

)07 1161 2322 3570 368 DO:; 2206 ).'..SO

1)1 26 2Jh 234 222 222 l,68 lil,1,

23l, 702 ?36 222 666 886

105 21 169 109 ieo 160 178 ,M

109 567 756 180 51.0 720

286 57 342 Jli2 325 3:5

2)2 li6 276 276 262 262

20) 1,1 2li6 2li6 2Jh 23h

P.856

Prelininnry Act.ivi tier; _______ ......_._ ____ _

Year 1

_·Gnm~~ 4 Appendix5_

·------------~1_· ..:..., ~__:,._,.i--L.~1, _:.l_:.~~1~. 6~1-1-1_._l__._s~I ~q __._l -U..1aLJ---l2-! I ; I

Estaolishm':nt NIPP E:<ccuti've Eody i-1

1_

Prenare contract-acreements Centrcl/Province i I~sue of For1cal Letter ' I Issue of Circular Letter I

I 1-1

P;-ocurement of Vehicles ProcurcMent of Eouioment Establish:-::ent i-lorking Grouo Teaching Aids Establishment Uorking Grot."D Base-Line Data Establish."'!ent ~·!orI:in1:; Grot,n T:raining Establishrient Harking Group Supple:1ents Arri val Nuh~i tion Education Consul ta.11t F.. d Study by N.E. Consultant ~ - ..!.Sions on Content; HE Preparation of Hanuals on IIB Preparatio:1 of Teaching Aids Test~ig of Teaching Aids Prod~ction of Teaching Aids Distrih:1tion of Teaching Aids Arrival Consultant !JPO/ANPO Tra.::.ning Preoara tion of Gour se for !JPO/ .AJQJO Rec'rui bent ~JPO/ A?;PO Physical Arra'13e:::ents 1-!PO/ AUPO Course Course fo_r NPO/A:;po Decisions on Base-Line Data Identi[ication of Samole Arrival Equipwent for Ba~e-Line Data Base-Line Data Collection lu. rsis of Base-Line Data E. ol::.shmen t Provincial Regency BPGD Workshops for BPGD Decisions on Food Supplementation Food Ehture Production Trial . Trial of F.S. in non-selected village Ordcrinb Production Equip~ent Ordering Record Cprds, Vouchers, etc. Establishment NIPP Village Committee (LSD) }!eighing · trial in non-selected village

I ---~---... - '

i

I __j

i I l

·------

... ~-; '

A .J.. • •.I,..• ,·~~l'v..., ,. J0S

. .

ANNEX u. _ Aop•:mdix 6

~l I Y:·1: r 1, -/:LI /, f r:1 !~i ·~ 1 ! i

--4------r--·---- -:---- . .>!

* I i P!'Ocure:.1enL vehicles aud equipr.:2nt -· -----­Pr0li111inD.ry Activities Eojonegoro as in Figure 3 H. Lombok

C. Java S . S'..1:natra W. J3xa Yogyakarta Bali

Prcpn:::-atio:1 Planaps . Bojon,,goro H. LOJ;,bOk C. Java S . Sur..atra W~ Java Yog:f.:ikarta Bali

381ectio:1 of

0,.:ierntional Acti 'T,,ri t:.c~

A Consultancies:

C. Java S. Sunatra W. Java Yogyakarta Bali . Bojonecoro W/ Lom::,ok C. Java S . Sumatra W. Java ~ogya1.:arta Bali

W -·Re ~earch D2sign . - :fotri t.io:1 Education - !!PO Traini.:1G - Program Dcvelopr:ent

Base-Line Da~a Collection Evaluation

--~-~-~ i I : -----;: I ! II : ___ -=-.-=_-_ .-. __ ;

' I

1 ---~ ·- .-> -->

I

I

I I

l I

_J -~

i i i I I

-> ---7

~

--> -;:,

--> --> --)

' ·----------- --- t - ••.•. -- - - - ;.·

;

l l I

I I

I I

I I

I I

I \ ---.-~

-------~ ----:::. J i

--s> --~1

. . -~ . .

----:'.)

---;> -··-> ----) --:;,

. !

----~. ---~

------·> --);

")·

--) ---;::, ----,;,

Trainees

l ;:'-'Q end. A2 ;-F 0

'l' .• .r2..J...."'ll.!:S Of.ricers

V.!.'..:T.>O

Village Cad::-es

. ' ., •w -·-·-•-· ---.... --~.--3111'.t'.A)r,&'lf.t,--:.i.~'...J-!:l~.J.i.)~;.(.,:.,,u_,.......,. ,t. ... ~bl ~l .- !\~~-= .. ...ll ... ..,!.'-,; .',. 1.-!-~- , .._, • .. .i,_,. _J.,· ... _., ,..:_,..,:..I•,·• • .... ~ • .._ ·. 1 •• , _ .. __ .. _._ ..J. ._ ., __ • .. · •- .. "'•·• • ~ - '-'

e e

NIPP TRAINING COURSES

Number Number Year to be of

Trained Courses Where Held Who Respondible Duratio!l .

1 16 1 Jakarta ANPO(training) Molt, Hq. 2 18 1 rrutrition Assisted by Consultant 2 rr.onths 3 33 1 Academy

1 9 1 Provincial Hq ANPO( training) MoYt Hq . 1 month 2 18 1 Probably 3 23 1 Surabaya

1 18 2 Regency Hq AH?O(training) Regency 1 rr.onth 2 )4 4 3 111 7

580 18 1 Sub-District Training Officers 1 rr.onth 2 1J900 51.t Hq. 3 3,500 100

.'

~ .,,

~

Function

1. Installation a. Village Nutrition Centres VNC

b. Equipment (i) v.N.c.

(ii) Anthropometric

(iii) Food Supplementation

(iv) Nutrition Educat ion

( v) Transport,

Sub-Total 1

2. Administration

a. Salary Support

b. Tronsp::>rt and Travel (i) Running Costs Vehicles

(ii ) Internal Airfares ( iii) Per Diem

(iv) Consultancies (v) Other

Sub-Total 2

NIPP Component: Costs by Function

$ 000

Year 1 2 J 4 Total

2 7 13

4 9 18 Jl 7 23 42 72

2 J 6 10 21

18 18 27

57 58 90

O!, 108 178

11 35 87 170

15 15 JO 53

2 2 4 10 J 6 12 18

50 75 75 1~ 1~ 20 40

96 148 228 291

63

205

JOJ

113

18 39

200 90

763

e

Explanation

Cost per VNC = $50. Number of VNC depends on size of village. Up to population 4,000: 1 VNC; 4 - 7,000: 2 VNC; 7 - 10,000: J VNC.

Cost per VNC $125. Stove, pans, bowls, crockery and cutlery 2x baby scales; lx adult scales, measuring boards and tapes $286 per VNC . 37 Sub-Districts at $550. Hand mills, roasting

pans, cooker, plastic containers, plastic sealer, trays, racks, cleaning equipment. Plus equipment for training $2,000 . $9,000 per Regency: overhead, film and still projectors,~reens, tape-recorder, generator, camera. 1 Seda.n HQ; 2 x 4 wheel drive per Regency @

$10,000; Il1/CD 900 per Sub-District; 1 cycle per village @ $100; 1 M/C per Province for Audit.

See Appendix 8, Page

4 Uheel drive, 2,000 miles per month@ $0.25 per mile. :M/C 1,200 per month @ $0.10 per mile.

Per diem at 20% salaries sub-district staff upm1rds; plus $1J,000 for supervision.

:i> :io, 24 man months foreign; 60 man months local. ~ d t-::. '

I~~~ ::, ><

~ 0.. ~·+:"'

OJ

Year

Function 1 2 3 4 Total fu..-pl.:i.nation

3. 'l'raining a. Fellowships; overseas 10 12 22 Overseas courses for 4 NPO/ANFO b. Internal 31 111 171~ h1 1~9 See Apr)endix 8, Page

Sub-Total 3 lil 123 l 71~ 43 381

h. Su12Elernentary Feeding 26 85 196 307 Raw m.:i.terials @ 120 rps. per kilo plus 100% for processing. Cost per child $4.20; per pregnant woman ~1>6 .30; per lactating woman $10 . 70. Audit costs ~1- ,500 per Regency; Quality control check ~'1,200 per Rengency.

5. Nutrition Education a. 'reaching Aids 32 38 75 75 220 Books, pamphlets, posters, puppets, Height charts,

flip charts, flannel graphs, models, fi11ns, slides and demonstration m.:i.terials.

b. Uorkshops and Seminars 21 22 _j__2 75 See Appendix 8, Page Sub-Total 5 53 60 107 75 295

6. Health Support a. Inummisation 13 36 66 115 Delivered vaccine at $1 per child. b. Treatment

(i) Severe m.:i.lnutrition 3 10 24 37 (ii) Synergistic Diseases 2 6 12 20

Sub-'rotal 6 (b) s 16 36 57 Sub-Total 6 10 52 102 172

7. Sanitation: Hater Supply 5 10 29 41.i One Vill.:i.ge per Regency@ $1.i.92 per 25 houses.

s. Agricultural SU12porl:, a . Horne Gardens Ext;ension 50 60 130 26o 500 b. I.mp1'0ved Local Storage and

Processing 20 42 60 78 200 In association with F'l'DC. c. Anemfa Control Plantations 31~ 74 28 38 174 See Annex 5 , Nutrition Int,ervention Pilot

P1'0ject: Plantations. Sub-Total 8 104 176 218 376 B74 ',:J :i:-- ~-

Ill 'U ~ (JQ 'd (1J <Tl t?'J

:-) >..; f \) 0,

I-'· i::-->< CD

-Year

Function 1 2 3 4 'l'otal

9. Surve;y:s and Evaluation a. Surveys 18 28 37 47 130 b. Evalu:ttion 20 30 40 ?O

Sub-Total 9 18 48 67 07 220

Total Base Costs 396 712 J,119 J,234 .l461

I

--------·- --·

;,_nation Explc

R1.sed on ~;3.60 per s ample surveyed.

e

'U ::r ~ Ill d::.;

(J ~ (j >· . (I) (1) f,J w a~;

I-'· r­:>-:

CXl

e IlIDOlfESIA lWTHITIOH DEVELOPiilllIT PI!JJECT: NU'rIUTION IlIT.Crn.tl!JTTIOlT PJJ,OT PWJECT

Staff Hember

Staff Development: P::itten1 Md Cost

Cost Per 11onth $US Year 1

Humber of_ lI~fonths . ___ _ Year 2 Year 3 Tu.11• 4

Total Cost; ~'US ----------------------------------------------------+-------

IJatfom.l J,evel llIPP Co-orcJinntor AJTPO 3 (Training; Finance & Procurement;Admin. lldmin. Sta.ff 2 (Fintmce e.c Procurement; Admin.)

Prcndncfo.J. Level NPO l\JJTO (Training, Finance and Audit) l\.d111inistr.:i.tive 2 (Finance and .Audit; Admin.)

B:_egeng_}evel AHro 2 (franagement; 'l'mfo:ing) Au.min . 3 (Tmin:ing; F:in. & Procurement.; Adm:in .)

Sub-District Level ---------j(JPO Tro.in:ing Officer Admfo 2 (Food GupplemE:.T1.t.; Achn:in.)

Village Level V.A.N.P.O. Administrative Village C:i.dres (Non-monetary mducernents)

100 75 50

75 50 35

50 30

JO JO 20

15 10

12 JO 24

12 12 24

24 36

36 36

12 36 24

36 36 72

72 108

72 72

1t,1+

216 216

12 36 24

66 66

132

132 198

216 216 t~32

864 864

12 36 24

84 84

168

168 252

lr44 444 888

4,800 10,350

4,000

14,850 9,900

13,860

19,800 17,820

23 ,040 23,040 29,280

2,196 49,140 2,196 32,760

_ ._ 50 ,Q.o,_o. __ _ ~Jio

Trainee

a . Overseas NPO/AlJPO

b. Inteinnl HFD/ANPO Training Officer VJ:Jro Village Cadrea

11efresher Trafoing nro/ANPO Train:ing Officers VJ\ITPO Villaee Cadres

Total B

1-n1ere Held

--

Overseas

lJut. Acad. s Prov. H.Q.

Sub-Dist. Sub-Dist .

Nut. Acad. Prov . II. Q. Sub. Dist . Sub . Dist .

I1TD0l'IBSIA 1JU'I'nITI0N DEVELOPHEHT POOJECT: NIPP

~ of Train:ing: $US

Cost Per Per:::;on Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Per Crse. No . Cost No. Cost No. Cost

-

5,500 4 10,000 Cont'd 12,000

350 12 4,200 18 6,300 33 11,550 125 9 1,125 18 2,250 23 2,875

50 18 900 54 2,700 111 5,550 40 630 25,200 2,322 92,880 3,200 128,000

31,425 104,130 147,975

100 16 1,600 34 3,400 i~o 9 360 27 1,080 15 18 270 72 1,080

8 625 5,000 2,r;r:,o 20,000 7,230 25,560

31,425 111,360 173,535

. -- - -- - -- ---- -- -- -- - - - ·-·

-Year 4

No. Cost Total -

22,000

22,050 6,250 9,150

246,080

283,530

67 6,700 11,700 60 2,400 3,840

183 2,785 4,135 3,900 31,200 56,200

43,0US 7~B75

43,085 359,405

---· ------- -- -- ··--

l ,1 ,,

! I '

;

;

'

i l

I

'.

I

i

;

I

'

I

' I

'

l

!

Natio::i.al

P:-ovincial

Re g8:icy

Sub-District

'

No.of Cost per Days person

ocr day

5 $48.20

7 25.80

7 17.20

7 5.20

I I

MOTIVATION WORKSHO?S

YEAR 1 No. of No. of No. o.f areas people Cost ~~ areas

1 20 4,820 -

2 40 7,224 2

2 40 4,816 2

6 120 _k:.36§. 12 21,228

.

I

I

'

I ! , I I I I (

YEAR 2 YEtB,__3 No.of No.of Ko.of IY.!Ople $ areas people $

- - - - -'

40 7,224 3 60 10,636

l.10 4,816 3 60 7,22h I

240 8i736 19 380 13:932 20,776 31, sn 113_:l;

· . .

I

'"rj ?; :,,-Pl

! (TQ 'd (1) (1)

a 0-I-'· ~ X

0::

I I I !, '

, '

ANNEX h Appendix .9

I!!:!Eroved Local Stora~ and Proeessing Cost Estimates: $

Year _L 2 _J_ JL Total

Storage

Field study by food technology group -5,000

-5,000

Development of proto-types 5,000 5,000

Trial o~ selected prototypes 20,000 20,000

Seminar and policy decisions 2,000 2,000

Extension program 50,000 68 2000 us,ooo

Sub-Total 10,000 22,000 50,000 68,000 150,000 Process in Processing

Survey and Pre_p_~ra-tion field work 10,000

Laboratory experi-men ts and trials 12,500

_Sel!linar and P?l?:cy/ 2;000 program

e Extension program 5,500 i0,000- 10,000

Sub-Total 10,000 20,000 10,000 10,000 50,000

Total 20,000 42,000 60,000 78,000 200,000

Job Descrintion

INroNESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT NUTRITION r:t..J"TERVENTION PILOT PROJECT

Job Descrintion and Qualifications

National Co- Ordinator for NIPP

ANNEX Lt Appendix 1 C Page 1

The National Coordinator would be responsible to the Project

Director for:

(1) coordinating all sub-comoonents of NIPP and being the

normal channel of communication between the Executive

Secretary and field staff;

(2) administering the component, including office and personnel

management, accounting and procurement;

(3) transferring funds on a timely basis for the sub-components

activities;

(Lt) arra.~ging for the physical control and checking of

project stores;

(5) arranging for the control of transport;

(6) arranging for staff training through the ANPO in charge

of training;

(7) supervising the establishment of village Nutrition Centers;

(8) arranging for the p_rocessing, packaging, distribution and

accounting for supplementary foods;

(9) liaison w:i th CRDN on base-line data collection; and

(10) reporting progress through regular written reports

Qualifications

ANNEX l.i Appendix 10 Page 2

Experience in successful management would be the main criterion; proven

administrative ability at least at provincial level and experience in dealing

with government departments and procedures would be essential; a sound basic

knowledge of nutrition would be desirable.

Nutrition Program Officer (Provincial)

Job Description

The NPO would be responsible to the Governor of the Province for:

(1) coordinating NIPP activities within the province;

(2) being the channel of communication between the National Co­

ordinator for NIPP and field staff;

(3) being the project representative on the BPGN provincial committee;

(l.i) arranging for the monitoring of progress, as agreed with CRDN

and the moni taring and evaluation unit in the Ministry of Heal th

and for evaluating the data to assess results achieved the dif­

ferences between actual and planned action, unanticipated

problems, and for instigating immediate action to deal with them;

(5) supervising the work of the audit unit in checking on supplementary

food production, distribution and utilization and on accounting

for the food at all stages; and

(6) reporting to the Provincial Governor and to the irr'O HeaQquarters

as required.

Qualifications

Experience in management and supervision would be the main requirement,

proven administrative ability and experience at provincial level of dealing

with government departments and procedures would be essential. Ability to

ANNEX 4 Appendix 10 Page 3

collaborate harmoniously with colleagues and facility in prese.~ting proposals

to -those in authority or to committees would be important. At leaet a basic

knowledge of nutrition would be desired.

Assistant Nutrition Program Officer (Training) Headquarters

ANPO (Training) would be responsible to the National Co-ordinator for:

( 1 ) coordinating all training activities within the compone:::1 t;

(2) preparing with assistance from a training consultant, the

curricula for national courses for NPO and ANPO; provincial

courses for Training Officers; regency courses for VllPO;

(3) organizing and running courses, with assistance from a training

consultant, for NPO and ANPO and for Training Officers;

(4) arranging for the production of teaching aids for training

courses; and

(5) reporting progress on training as required.

High level experience in training and extension would be the main

criterion, with experience of organizing and running courses at national

level. A sound knowledge of applied nutrition would be essential.

Assistant Nutrition Program O=ficer (Regency)

Job Descrintion

The .A.t'JPO (Regency) would report to the :aupati (Chief Executive) of

the regency and be responsible for:

(1) administration of the sub-component within the regency;

( 2 ) control o= co~onen t expenditure;

(3) control a.~d security of project stores;

(LJ) control of tra.~sport;

(5) arrangements for ada.nta~ion or construction of village nutrition

cer-ters;

(6 ) direction of AHPO (sub-district), VANPO and Village Cadres;

(7) organization of the processing, packaging, distributing and

accounting systems for the supplementary foods;

( 8)

(9)

representing the NIPP component on the regency BPGN;

. liaison with health, agriculture, cooperatives and

marketing, education and water authorities; and

(10) reporting on progress as required.

Qualifications

!!f.!EX y .Appendix 1 0 Pace 4

Experience of successful management at regency level would be the r,1a:in

criterion, with proven ability in handling a large staff and in collaborating

with colleagues. A basic lmowledge of nutrition would be desired.

--Assistant Nutrition Program Officer (Regency/Training)

Job Dzscription

The ANPO (Regency/Training) would be responsible to treBupati, for:

(1) coordina ti ng all nutrition traini...~g within the regency,

as directed by the ANPO ( training headquarters);

(2) organizing and running the ~courses for VANPO; ·-(J) supervising the courses run by Training Officers for the

Village Cadres;

(l..i) organizing in-service and refresher courses as required;

(5) collaborating with.the AHPO (Regency) in running seminars

and workshops for key personnel at regency and sub-district ()

levels; and

(6) reporting on progress in training as required.

e

~U'l J.ific:-i ti OT!;,

Jd n;::-:x JJ

Apr,f'nrlix 10

Puce 5

Experience in trninine and extension would be essential and a sound

knowlcdec of nutrition dc~ired.

Nutrition Education Consultant

Job De~crj_ntion

The nutrition educatior .. consultant would advise the Project Director ana assist.

the H::i.tional and Provincial HPJ in:

(1) identifying the content or tppics for appropriate nutrition

education;

·c2) formula tine the messages relevant to the content or topics;

(3) desicning a nutrition education program based on these messages; --

(4) preparing teaching aids to support the program;

(5) selecting cquipr:.cnt suitable for the prog-.cam;

(6) preparing (i) a sL~ple manual on nutrition education suitable

for contact persoru1el and (ii) a manual suitable for supervisory

personnel;

(7) -. dcvclopine the oreanization of nutrition education using all

available media and methods;

(8) Coordination with center for manpower and training;

(9) developing an evaluation system for nutrition education;

e

ANNEX 4 Appendix 10 Page 6

··- {10) integrating the proero.m of the NirP areas with the other nutrition the Government 0£ Indonesia;

education programs of/ and

(11 ) other appropriate tasks as required by the Director General of

Community Health. ~- -- - . -.--- --· - ·-- ·- --·.. -

: Qunlifica tions ----- - ·- ---·-·-

The nutrition educationist. would be a specialist, who is familiar with

the techniques of nutrition education and the nutrition content suitable for

a progra.m in a devaloping country, where a proportion of the adults are

illiterate, the socio-economic level is low and the avai1able, low-priced

foods are limited. The specialist would have experience in how to identify

motivating faqtors in the community and who are the decision-makers and be able . .. .:_ ·-.

to use this knowledge in defining a nutrition edtfcl'ltion program for the NIPP

areas. The s}Jecialist should have the ability to communicate effectively ,dth

others at a variety of educational levels.

Nutrition Training Snecialist

The Nutrition Training Specialist would advise the Project Director and .... '

assist the hl~PO (Training) to:

(1) prepare the curriculum for a training course for NPO and .ANPO

based on two major aspects (i) planning and management and (ii)

basic nutritional knowledge;

(2) prepare or arrange for the necessary teaching aids for the

COii-:'SC;

(J) assist the Ministry of Health in the preparatory arrangements for

the course;

(4) establish good working arrangements with all involved in the

,

nutrition project; especially in the NIPP component;

ANN::X Ii Apnrn rl j :-: 10

Pace 7

(S) prepo.rc detailed notes for the course as a guide to counterp.:i.rts;

(6) conduct the first three month course;

(7) review the achievement of the course,and adjust the curriculum

and subject matter as necessary;

(8) conduct the second three..month course;

(9) a~vise on the training of Village-Assistant Program Officers

(VANPOs) and Village Cadres (VCs);

(10) review the achievement of the V A.i'l'FD and VC courses and advise

on adjustments required; and

(ll) undertake other appropriate tasks as required by the Director General of ·----

Community Health.

Qualifica tions

The nutrition training specialist would be familiar with planning and

implementi...'1.g successful nutrition programs in developing countries, and with

the techniques of teaching such planning and implementation. The specialist

would have experience of instructing and guidi.'1.g counterparts so that those

engaged on the NIPP senior training progr~ would be capable of r1.1IlI]ing the

NFD/AHPO course in the third year.

nmoNESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMEHT PROJECT

ANNEX 5 Page 1

Anemia Prevention and Control Pilot Project - Plantations

Introduction

1. The adult human body contains 3-4 g of iron, of which more than

two-thirds is in haemoglobin, the pigment of the red blood cells. The daily

iron loss of an adult man weighing 65 kg is about 0.9 mg. Absorption of iron

takes place in the stomach and through the small intestine 'While about .30 percent

of iron in meat is absorbed - however, meat con~tion is ve'r7 limited in

Indonesia - only about 10 percent of the iron present in cereals, vegetables a."ld

pulses is absorbed. (Intake of vitamin C could facilitate a higher absorption of

ingested iron.)

2. Iron deficiency anemia occurs when losses of iron from the body are

4lt not balanced by absorption of sufficient iron to compensate for both normal and

abnormal losses. Lack of iron is reflected by a deficiency of haemoglobin.

This affects physical capacity by reducing the availability of oxygen to the

tissues. The combination cf a poor dietary intake of iron and bleeding from

hookworm infestation are the most common causes of iron-deficiency anemia in

Indonesia •

.Research-on Nutrl ti anal Anemia and Producti vi t:r

y J. A 1973 study of anemia in a sample of male construction workers

1/ Nutrition and Health of Indonesian Construction Workers: Endurance and Anemia. Ka..-yadi, D. and Basta S.S. I3RD Staff Working Paper No. 152 .

ANNEX 5 Page 2

found anemia in 52 percent of workers in Rentang, L.5 percent in Salandarma

and 28 percent in Halim. The level of anemia in adult males in Indonesia

is the highest ever recorded under non-faminaconditions for this disease. Hookworm

infestation was found in 85 percent of samples at all sites. It was concluded

that there was a high incidence of nutritional anemia, due to poor utilization

of iron in the diet and iron loss from hookworm infestation, and sufficient

evidence that anemia interferes significantly with workers' physical endurance.

L.. A follow-up stud;! was undertaken in 1974, to corrq:,are productivity

levels of anemic and non-anemic workers. A sample of 300 workers were given

a pill daily; some received a pill containing 100 mg elemental iron and others

a placebo. Productivity before and after treatment was measured by the weight

of latex tapped per day by worianen or the total area excavated by weeders in a five­

hour day. The output of anemic tappers before treatment was 19 percent below that

of non-anemic tappers. After iron treatment, output of anemic workers reached

the level of the non-anemic tappers. Those anemic tappers who received a placebo

remained about 15 percent below the productivity of their counterparts treated

with i~on. Among weeders, the productivity of anemic workers was about 25 percent

below that of non-anemic workers. The former anernics whose haemoglobin levels

rose as a result of treatment also cultivated a signficantly (up to 25 percent)more

dense area then the anemic groups whose haemoglobin levels did not rise. Treatment

JI Iron Deficiency A.~emia and the Productivity of Adult Males in Indonesia: Basta, S.A. and. Churchill, A. IBRD Staff Working Paper No. 175.

ANNEX 5 Page 3

of anemic workers with daily pills containir.g iron brought about an increase

in work productivity of about 20 percent.

5. The two studies concluded that attempts to correct iron deficiency of

anemic workers .ould lead to substantial increases in productivity. The costs

of iron supplement per manyear were less than a dollar, which indicates best the

very high benefit cost ratio.

6. If ferrous sulphate pills could be continually given, the problem can

be treated and solved. In actual practice, however, the problem occurs that

after about 60 days of treatment, nausea appears as a side-e.ffect and the

Indonesian experts have therefore been searching for alternative solutions. One

solution suggested has been the fortification of salt with iron.

FGRTIFICATION OF SALT

7. Unlike the addition of vitamins, the fortification of salt with iron

present certain technical difficulties. Chief among these dii'ficulties are that

iron compounds, which are even slightly soluble in water, affect fortified foods

by cau3~~6 changes in color, odor, and cooking quality. Insoluble iron compounds

are absorbed much less readily than soluble iron compounds. One of the

successful methods;y' has been to fortify salt with ferric orthophasphate, a

stable iron compound, and to use sodium bisulphate to promote absorption. So far,

this has been found to be satisfactory although costs are higher than for

ferrous sulphate. Pilot tests are underway in field conditions in India util­

izing iron-fortified salt. At a level of 1,000 parts per ~illion, fortification

of salt with iron ortho~hosphate would provide 1 mg iron per gram of salt. Estimates

1/ Fortification of Co!ll1llon Salt ·ri th Iron: Effect of Chemical Additives on Stability and Bioavailability. Narasinga Rao, B.S. and Vijayasarathy. The American Journal of Clinical :Jutri tion, December 1975.

ANNEX 5 Page L.

of sAJ. t inta1<:e ranges between 2 kgs per capita per year and 4 kgs per capita

8 • y' G per year -- a mea..-1 of about grams per capita per da:7. iven a-ri absorotion

rate of 4 percent, salt fortified with about 1500 ppm. would proYide about 0.5 mg

of addi tiona.l absorbed iron per da;r, which would be over half the recommended

iron allowance for adult ma.les.Y

8. Since the relationship between treatment of nutritional anemia and

productivity has been revealed (see paragraphs 3 to 5 above), the main objective

of this component is to test:

(a) the logistical feasibility of establishing a deliver-J system for iron

supplementation, and

(b) the economic ~lications on output and employment.

9. Three nilot areas would be selected: one in East Java consisting cf two

governne<1t owned plantations, each with about 500 workers, one plantation havi.:ig

health services and the othe::- without such services; one government plantation

in North Sumatra, wi t..h about 1,000 workers a.-rid heal th services. The inclusion of

10 small, privately owned plantations each employing about 100 workers in

South Sulawezi and West Sumatra is planned at a later stage, provided the

Directorate of Occupational Heal th of the Ministry of Manpower, Transmigration.

and Cooperatives can establish a delivery and health system i~ these localities.

10. The activities in the program could comprise of:

( a) _.~he supply of iron pills to cure nutritional anemia among plantation workers;

1/ Estimates of salt consumption derived.

y Handbook of Human Nutrition Reauirements. FAO Nutrition Studies No. 28: WHO Monograph Series No. 61, 1974.

AW1EX 5 Paec 5

(b) arrangements for tackline the problem of hookworm infection through

medication and provision of shoes; and

(c) arrangements for delivery of iron fortified salt to workers to ensure

that an adequate iron level is maintained.

ll. The anemic laborers woul.d be provided with a dail.y pill containing

70 mg iron in the :form o! ferrous sulphate. These pills would be distributed.

by paramedical staff, where there are health facilities and b;y junior sta.!'f o!

the management or owners in other instances. The dil!ltributian staff would be

required to observe the taking of the pill. The therapy woul.d be given for

about 60 days af'ter which haemoglobin levels should become normal. The

hypotheses is that once haemoglobin leve1s are normal, through iron theraP7.,

the;r can be maintained at a normal. level through adequate iron intake in the

diet. Iron .fortified salt would be procured intermittentl;r and arrangements

made far its distribution to the selected estate laborers and their families.

The absorbable iron available in fortified salt (0.5 mg per person per day) is

believed to be a suf'ficient addition to the present diet to maintain the

required iron intake. millimeter

12. The loss of blood due to hookwon:i may 8lllount to 3 I per 100 worms.

Where infestation is heavy the loss can be a major factor in nutritional. anemia.

At the beginning o! the period o.f iron therapy, anti-helminthics would be used

to deal. with the bookworm infestation. Simultaneously, action woul.d be taken

to prevent reinfestation by the provision of boots, latrines and personal.

hygiene.

lJ. Through nutrition education, efforts would be made to improirc the iron

content of diets and the intake of Vitamin C which ensures a better iron ab-

sorotion. The best food sources of iron are meat, fish, poultrJ and eggs, but

ANNEX 5 ?age 6

all of these are consumed only in small quantities, because of cost. The

second best sources are green, leafy vegetables, soybean, other legu.~es,

potatoes and whole grain cereals (polished rice has a low iron content) . Since

most plantation workers are landless, green leafy vegetables are not consumed

as much as they should. Management of plantations would, therefore, provide out

of plantation land small plots for laborers so that they could grow their own

vegetables.

14. The scientific and technical design of the projec t would be the responsi-

bility of the CRDN and the National Institute for Industrial Hygiene and Occupational

Health (NILHOH), while the field work would be carried out by the Regional

Institution of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Health (RILHOH). The latter

two institutes are under the General Directorate of Occupational Health of the

Minist!"J of Manpower, Transmigration and Cooperation . Preliminary visits to

pla.1'1tation areas would bB underta~en by CRDX and NILHOH to brief ~:-m.agement and

workers, and to f:.nalize plans of operation. These visits would be followed by a

base-line data survey, which would include determination of haemoglobin in the

blood and infection. Simultaneously, data would be collected on the productiYity

levels of the workers according to soecified objective criteria.

h&luation

15. The .tiDCJl. evaluation, which will be U..."'1.derta.~en by CRDN,

would include medical tests (haemoglobin and hookworm infection) which are

essential for determining the effectiveness of the action taken. Initially, the a

iron supplemen"tation would be given on/grant basis, with average annual cost of less

~ US $1 per person. If, as is expected, the increased productivity of anemic

workers would be significantly greater in value than the cost of iron sul)plemen­

tation a.T1d helminth:.c suppression, "then a general application o: the measures

would be ini t:.ated by government regulations with the indi victual estates bear:i...T1g

the co3t. S'1c·.i:..d this situation a:'iae, \ILHOii would have to be strengthened

in order to initiate, implement and monitor a national progra~. Provision has been

made for such action .

Arn EX S Pnco 7

16. The coordinator !or NIPP, in the Ministry of Health, would have

adm1nistrative responsibility !or the component. CRDN would be responsible !or

the sound scientit'ic basis for action. NII.HOH would be responsible for the

operational action, through delegation to RILHOHs, each of which would work in

close collaboration with the Directorate General of Plantations, Ministry of

Agriculture.

C.Osts

170 The estimated cost o! the component would be $174,000. Details o!

cost are given in Appendix 1 •

Non-Construction

1. E9uipmen~

a. Vehicles b. Equipment for biochemical

Determim tions

2. · Qpe:ro.ting Costs

a. Project Preparation b. lli.De-line Data c. Iron Therapy a. Iron Salt Supplementation e. Anti-helminthic Treatment f. Provision of Protective Boots g. Construction of Latrines h. Other

3. Evaluation

4. Extension to Other Plantations

e e Indonesia Nutrition Development Project Progr8111

Increasing Pr~ductivity on Plantations tlu-ough Attacking Nutritional Anemia

($ '000)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year h

15

10

2.8 4 22

10 6 6 7 3

22.5 6 6

P-. 2 o.5 1

12 8

30

34.0 74.0 20.0 38.0

Locnl

9

3

2. (l 26 5 6 6

22.5 12

3.7

20

30

lhli.O

ANNEY~ l\.PPl!~NLH.X: 1

Forejgn Tom->1

6 15'

7 10

2.8 26

5 10 6 12 6 10

22.5 12

3.7

20

30

30.0 17li.O ------- · -

1.

INOONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PP..O,JECT

Nutrition Communication and Behavioral Change

ANNEX 6 Page 1

Presidential Instruction (INPRES) of September 1974 requires improve-

ment in the variety, quantity and nutritional quality of foods consumed by all

levels of society in all regions of Indo~esia, but depends on changing behavior

relating to foods to optimize the use of available food supplies. The ANP

11 Evaluation Study 1973 found that even in the better off families surveyed,

41 percent were deficient in both protein and calorie intake. This finding

gives an indication of the lack of knowledge about the use of available food.

Food habits relating to choice of foods, methods of preparing and cooking foods,

distribution of foods within the family, we9.Iling practices and feeding the sick

child are likely to be responsible for the gap between food availability and consump­

tion.

2. Attempts have been made to improve utilization of available foods

through nutrition education, but conventional nutrition education has not succeeded.

Earlier efforts in nutrition education in Indonesia concentrated on five food groups:

(a) carbohydrates; (b) vegetables; (c) fz-uits; (d) animal protejn and (e) dairy

products. These earlier nutrition education efforts were not directed to the poor

who would have found animal protein or dairy products well beyond their means.

l/ An evaluation study of the results of the Applied Nutrition Program 1963-73, was carried out by Prof. Sayogyo. The study included a food consumption survey of 920 households from villagee where the ANP program has been applied intensively.

ANNEX 6 Page 2

In the absence of baseline data and systematic evaluation methods the possible

impact of the education programs could never be determined. A detailed study

of food habits in Indonesia has shown how cultural taboos affect food consumption

oa.tterns and lead to adverse nutritional results. · some of

Apart from income considerations,

behavioral constraints are/the critical factorsin bringing about improvement in

nutritional status.

J. The proposed component on nutrition communication would determine the

degree to which behavioral constraints can be modified and what methods would be

most effective, taking into account the costs. Knowledge of existing food habits,

patterns and beliefs would form an essential base, from which to plan and measure

desirable change. Such data would be used, in conjunction with information on

attitudes and knowledge as a baseline for the proposed action. In three selected

sub-districts data would be collected on quality of f ood consumption as well as on

behavioral aspects. Following an assessment of the nutritional problems cu1d their

likely causes, suitable educational methods would be devised and available media

and agency activities would be coordinated in order to launch a practical and

integrated approach to nutrition education. The experi ence gained in these three

selected areas would assist the Government in the preparation of a national

nutrition education campaign to be part of the national nutrition program which is

expected to be implemented during the Third Development Plan.

e

ANNEX 6 Page 3

Component Objective and Activities

4. The general objective would be to identify the most critical behavioral

constraints and develop measures to bring about desirable changes in nutrition

behavior in three selected areas for replication on a national scale. Among the

specific activities to be undertaken to achieve this objective would be:

(a) To decide on the know-how and skills required to overcome

behavioral problems and implement remedial measures;

(b) to select the content of nutritional messages, to design

their form, select the appropriate media mix to be used

and the methods of operation;

(c) to train village cadres as the contact personnel, sub-district

staff to supervise them and technicians to handle the communi-

(d)

(e)

cations equipment;

to hold seminars at national and provincial level to make

decision makers aware of the education program;

to hold workshops at Kabupaten, sub-district and village levels

to explain the knowledge and skills required and the methods

to be used;

(f) to carry out the planned program in each selected village,

with continuous monitori."lg, feedback and adaptation, if

required;

(g) to evaluate the changes in behavior relating to food and

nutrition;

(h) to identify the contribution of mass media and prepare and test

material potent~ally useful for wider application; and

s.

ANNEX 6 Page 4

(i) to develop feasible and replicable techniques in nutrition

education and communication, for subsequent inclusion in the

national nutrition plan.

The national strategy for regional development involves concentra-

tion of inputs from various sectors in the same community. During the first

year of the Second Five-Year Development Plan 148 sub-districts were selected

as Units for Community Development (UDKP), three of which would be chosen as the

operational areas for this component, one of which would be in a NIPP area. The

Component Director designate, in collaboration with the local authorities,

selected three UDKP sub-districts. In Central Java, the selected area is

situated on a fertile area of Merapi volcano, where the leadership is strongly

influenced by the local Islamic Training Center. The sub-district in Yogyakarta

is in a densely populated area, whereas the site in South Sumatra has relatively

less population, scattered in clusters over a wide geographic area. The three

areas comprise of 36 villages with about 110,000 direct beneficiaries.

6. Baseline information would be established from a random sample of 300

fa..,ulies in each area, describing food habits of the population before the begin­

ning of the education program to be used for planning the education program and

later for the evaluation of its effectiveness. The CRDN would be responsible

for the baseline survey and evaluation, using the same parameters as for evaluation 11

of other components. A consultant would assist CRIN to design the content and

methodology for the collection of information on food habits.

l/ See Appendix 4 for job description.

7.

ANNEX 6 Page 5

A communications expert would consider all information available about

the selected communities, their food habits and nutritional problems, and would

decide on the form of the message, the media mix to be used, the timing of the

communication and the preparation of any teaching aids to support or reinforce the

impact of the messages. All messages would be tested with a sample from the

selected communities, to ensure that the message would be interpreted and under­

stood as intended.

8. The communication messages would be communicated through village cadres,

the utilization of audio-visual equipment and seminars. The messages would be

simple and would be based on the research findings at CRDN, FTDC, and other

research centers. Working manuals and suitable teaching materials would be

developed, pretested and produced. These materials would be in accordance with

the particular food and nutrition problems, cultural conditions, educational

standards, and resources of the specific areas where they would be used.

9. Village cadres would engage in inter-personal communication with mostly women,

members of the communities. They would be inc!ividuals,/selected by the village

people from among mem.bers of voluntary organizations (PKX), or community develop­

ment workers, paramedical personnel or infonnal leaders. One cadre would be an

responsible for 50 households, so that on/average each village would have 12

cadres. Sub-district supervisors would be appointed on the basis of one super­

visor for three villages. Since the effectiveness of the cadres would depend

on a great deal of on-the-job training and the quality of supervision received,

sub-district supervisors would be trained to provide the necessary supervision.

The supervisor would be responsible for training and supervising the villa ge

cadres, who would receive one month's initial training, at the sub-district

k'nIEX 6 Page 6

Health Center. The training of all cadres in a sub-district would require four

months, with one course at a time using the facilities.

10. After the initial training of cadres is completed, the supervisors

would be responsible for organizing periodic meetings of cadres as a means to

feedback information and as an opportunity to provide advice and encouragement to

the cadres.

ll. Interpersonal conum.micaticn would be supplemented and complemented in

the villages by various methods and media. Each sub-district would be provided

with communications equipment: projectors, screens, tape-recorders, camera and

video-tape. Two technicians for each sub-district would be trained to use and

maintain the equipment. In particular they would be trained in using the video­

tape and tape recorders to simulate television and radio broadcasting. Through

feedback from the use of this equipment, "soft-ware" would be developed for mass

media use in the national nutrition program.

12. Technical assistance would be provided for training technicians in.

the use and maintenance of equipment and in planning the development of .nass

media communications. It is important that development of "soft-ware" for mass

media should be undertaken as part of this component so as to prepare for the

e."'q)ected expansion of comm~ity based television and radio broadcasting being y

carried oi.:t currently a."l.d to be enhanced shortly by satellite services. Close

1/ There is a main TV station in Jakarta, ar.d two regional transmitters cater...ng to 360,0CO TV viewers, and th:'ee regional stations. The Gove:r.unent has J::rcvided six hundred TV sets at district level, and in 1976, is e.xpected to distribute another 6,000. Radio sets a.~e owned by 35 percent of the population, and it is said that arou.:id 70 percent listen. An ex--~sion of al2. :nain ;;.edia services with T'l and radio covering the whole of Indonesia is planned for 1976. There is a Gove:"!llllent Film Producticn Center, which produces weekly na ti.anal newsreels, and a.....-ound twelve half-hour fibis a year. The Ministry of Information has a number of mobile cineraas t.~at sr.o~ :il~~ to the villages every three months.

e

e

ANNEX 6 Page 7

liaison with the Office of Educational Development, Ministry of Education, would

ensure that the nutrition software would be incorporated in the overall program a

of mass communication through/communication satellite being developed there.

13. The component includes a series of seminars for key personnel and

working level staff in the ministries and agencies involved in the nutrition

development project. Key staff of high level would be able to spare only

limited time, therefore, at national and provincial levels seminars of one

day's du..~tion should be sui'ficient to create awareness of the project and

to solicit support for the various activities undertaken. Short seminars

wculd also be held at the end of the project period to report on results

and to seek expansion to a national program. At Kabupa-ren and sub-district

levels, workshops of longer duration would deal with detail of the various

activities.

Organization a.~d Administration

The Director in charge of the component would be the Chairman of the

Center for Manpower Training, Ministry of Health, who would work on a part-time

basis. The Director would be assisted by four full-time staff, two of whom

would be nutritionists and the others a health educationist and an administrator.

One would be responsible for data collection, analysis and interpretation, and

development and evaluation of nutrition messages. The second ;.,ould undertake

selection of field staff, their training and supervision. The third would

organize seminars and workshops and be responsible for feedback and reports.

As and when required, the Director cf this component would seek consultant

assistance from the Project Director.

ANNEX 6 Page 8

A member of the Provincial Committee for Better Family Nutrition

would be appointed as t.11e provincial supervisor of this component. He would

keep the committee informed of component activities and would receive advice

from the committee. There will also be part-time supervisors at Kabupa:~n and

village levels. The Kabupaten supervisor would be assisted by two part-time

officers, one of whom would have special responsibility for training and the

other for personnel, finance and procurement. The organization chart is at

e Appendix 1.

Technical Assistance

16. The component would provide 12 man-months of technical assistance

for expatriate advisors and 35 man-months for local advisors and consultants.

The experts would be required to advise on the baseline data collection and

evaluation of behavioral change; on the form and design of the messages, the

selection of media, the testing of material and evaluation of impact; on the

development of nutrition components in the curricula for schools, colleges

and courses; and on the planning of the educational and communications compo­

nent for a national nutrition program. Fellowships would be provided to train

specialists in communication techniques for nutrition education.

Costs

17 . T'ne total costs amount to $1,287,000 over a four-year period.

Appendix 2 provides a statement of the expenditure; Appendix 3 provides details

of sala."'7 support.

e

Monitoring and Evaluation

A.'WEX 6 Page 9

18. The Director of the component would be responsible for monitoring

project progress and would be advised of requirements by the Monitoring and

Evaluation Unit at project headquarters. Evaluation is the essence of the

component. CRDN would be responsible for baseline data and for subsequent

surveys to evaluate changes in nutrition behavior.

I Data C Mes sag

olJection e Definition

Panol of Experts .....__.

I I

'rraining Seminars Supervision Wo1kshops

Reports

I

e O m.1\HI?.11.'l'I ON 9!AfIT

Project Direc to~ J

'1=nent :-actor

I Persormel Finn.nee Pro cure men t

-

Provincial Supervisor

Kabupatan Supervisor

I

Training and E,'upervision Financ :L.1. VPro curernen t

I-'

I I I • I Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor SupervJ.sor

A~-,__, --1r~/-t-l~---'t-l ---r-,~--+-~__..,...,--,L~~____,_,,-, VC VC VC VC VC VU VC VC VC VC VC 12 Villa ft3

Cri , lro r;

e e JNDONES~ InJ'rH.TTIOIT DEVE:LO™ Pll:lJECT~ Behavioural Chmge to Opt:im1ze Food Resource::;

$ 000

1. [~ument 1. Vehicles

1t 2. Special Equipr.1e1 Sub-Total l.

2. 'l'eclmic.-i l .l\.ss1st.:mc '8

1. Advisors/Consult ants 2 . Fell m·whips

Sub-'rotal 2.

1. Salary Support 2. Mass liedia

· g c_~'?_ts

J . Education Ha ter-1. 4. Ihse-Ljne Datn/.i:; 5 • Training nnd Sei

"alG 8valu.:i.tion ninars

6. Travel & Per Die m 7. Nutrition Program , Preparation 8. Other llicpense s

---Year 1

J li

Hf-

lili 10 5!i

20 20 50 15 80 JO

JO Sub-'l'o tc11 3

--------·rotal Base Costs ____ ?

Year 2

16 20 36

44 10 ~

38 20 50 10 80 40

25 263

353

-·---Year 3 Year 4 Local Foreign

- -

20 JO 12 ---i~ 32

9 9 36 70 20

9 9 3g-- 90

38 38 134 20 40 80 20 50 50 150 50 10 15 50 40 60 260 40 JO 140 JO 50 80 25 15 95

253 298 961-- --ib -------262 J07 J.,059 228

-

Total

---

50 50 --100

106 20

126

134 100 200 50

260 140

80 95

1,031

1, 287

--·-

Project Director

HQ Staff 4 Officers

Provinci.2.1 Agent 3

Regency Agent 3

~ gency Staff; 3 x 2

Sub-District;J x 5

AncilaI"L Sta.ff

National 2

Prov:incitl 1

Regency 1

Sub-District 2

Tedmicians 3 X 2

e Total

]].TD01BSIA rnJTRITION DZVELOFHErE PROJECT

Sta.ff Develonnent and Salary SUnport $

Part-time Rate Year or Per

2 j Full-t:L11e :Month 1 3 4

P.T. 75 900 900 900 900

F. T. 250 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

P.T. 48 1,152 I

1,728 1,728 1,728 I

P.T. 30 720 1,080 1,080 1,080

P.T. 25 1,200 1,800 1,800 1,800

F.T. 30 3,600 5,400 5,400 5,400

P.T. I 20 480 480 480 480

P.T. 15 120 I 180 180 180 I

P.T. 10 80 I 120 120 120

641 96 P.T. 8

l 96 96

F.T. 200 14,400 14,400 14, L.oo t I

I 20,316 !38,184 \38,184 38,184

AlJNE:C 6 Appendix 3

Total

3,600

48,000

6,336

3,960

6,600

19,800

1,920

660

440

352

43,200

134,868

INDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Consultant Job Descriotions

1, Behavioral Scientist/Nutrition Education Consultant

ANNEX 6 Appendix 4 Page 1

To provide advise to and assist the Director of the component on

the following:

a, To define the detailed data to be collected relating to food

habits, patterns and beliefs;

b. To prepare the questionnaires in a form which facilitates

analysis;

c. To train the field staff in data collection;

d, To analyze and interpret the results;

e, To advise on the approaches to be used in conveying

nutrition messages;

f. To advise on the methods for evaluation of the coMponent.

2. Comnrunications Specialist

To provide advice to and assist the Director of the component in

the following:

a. The development of an overall strategy of communications in

nutrition information and education, using both existing

and i~j~ovative techniques and materials;

b. The preparation of an operational plan for the communications

component of the project;

c. The coordination of communications program in nutrition

between the Ministry of He alth, Ministry of Education,

Information, Agriculture , etc.;

e

ANNEX 6 Appendix Li Page 2

d . The integration of communications techniques in the

training of nutritionists, assistant nutritionists and

non-nutritionists involved in nutrition activities;

e. Designing training programs in nutrition education in

collaboration with behavioral scientists/educators;

-" Preparing Pnd executing studies designed to test the .L .

effectiveness of some innovative mass media techniques

and materials; and

g. Evaluating t.he corn.munications component of the project .

e

e

INOONF.Sll NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

MANPOWER TRAIND1G

Training for Nutrl. tionists

.UiNEX 7 Pagel

l. The Academy of Nut...-ition is the main institution engaged in training

nutritionists and dietitionsV Students start the course after 12 yea.rs basic

education and should graduate iiith a B.S. at the end of 3 yes.rs. Most of the

graduates are employed by the Ministry of Health as community nutritionists in

provinces and Ka.bupae:JS or as dietitians in the larger hospi ta.ls. Other insti­

tutions that offer nutrition courses as a major subject are the Teache:rsColleges,

but the output from these colleges is low due to lilllited teaching facilities.

The Agricultural University of Begor also offers courses in nut.""ition, but with

emphasis on food technology rather than community nutrition.

2. The Second Five Year Development Plan (1974-79) makes provision for

expansion of the nutrition staff in the Ministry o:f' Health, to allow for five

nutritionists in each 0£ the country's 26 provinces and one for each or the 286

Kabupatens and urban districts. As far as possible, a dieti tion would be posted

to each of the 588 government hospitals. More of the additional manpower require-

:ent ·.rould have to be trained by the Academy of Nut.-ition. With i-:.s present

enrollment of 100 students a year and. an average anni.:.al rate of 25 graduates, it

wuld take the Academy, however, 1:10:-e tr.an 25 yea.rs to meet the demand.

Y Since 19.51, it has produced 3.52 nutritionists, 198 females and 154 males.

According to 1973 records, 77% of all graduates were employed.. Lower level

training of nutritionists is part of the training of bee.1th personnel in the

provl_nces •

e

The Nutrition Manpower Component

ANNEX 7 Page 2

J. Unless the output or nutritionists can be accellerated over the next

10 years, the Government's nutrition interventions would be severely constrained

Upgrading and expanding the .Academy would permit to double the present enrollment

to 200 students by 1980 and to achieve an average yearly output of 60 graduates.

This objective can be achieved by:

(a) increasing the .full-time faculty to 24 by providing fellowships;

(b) provid.i..--g two additional teaching laboratories, an audio-visual

room and a library together with appropriate facilities and

equipment;

(c) modi!'ying the curriculum to make it relevant to the needs of

Indonesia and the national nutrition program; and

(d) providing ammall;y, scholarships to 24 outstanding students.

Staff Development

4. There is need to upgrade the existing staff while it continues to provide y

the ongoing training programs. The full development to a faculty of 24 would

require about ten years, but recruitment would start in the first year and a total

staff of fourteen would be recruited during the four year period. For this purpose,

fellowships would be provided for one staff member to take an M.S. in Indonesia,

five staff members to take an M.S. abroad, and two staff members would be candidates

1/ The Academy has currently 39 teaching personnel, of whom only 14 are full-time a

faculty members, six with a Master's degree and eight with/Bachelor's degree,

ma.inly from the Academy.

Y One in Bio-Chemistry; five in Food Science; six in Community Nutrition; six

in Dietetics; three in Behavioural Sciences; and three in Management.

ANNEX 7 Page 3

for Ph.D. In addition, during years 2, 3 and 4, two persons per year would undergo

training abroad on 6 month fellowships. In-service training would be provided to

12 teachers a year to keep them up to date with new developments.

5. The Academy would establish a recruitment and selection committee which

would draw up criteria for selection and evaluation of prospective .faculty members.

Policies to en.sure retention o.f faculty, especially those sent for training, would

be .formulated and enforced.

Curriculum

6. The implementation of Government's nutrition policy would require not only

increased manpower for nutrition but also a reorientation of the job description of

commmity nutritionists and consequential changes in the training curriculum. The

job description of a community nutritionist would be:

(a) to collect, analyse and interpret data about food availability,

distribution and consumption; nutritional status o.f communities;

related agricultural and health activities; sociological and

economic factors of the population. The data would be used primarily

for planning nutrition programs at the local level, but would also

form part of the data available for central policy and program

planning.

(b) to plan nutrition action programs .for groups and communities;

(C) to conduct nutrition counselling;

(d) to engage in nutrition components of intersectoral programs for

community development; and

(a) to organize institutional feeding.

ANNEX 7 Page 4

7. The Academy's curriculum is currently being re-examined and revised.

Since 1973, the Academ;y is in contact with the Food Institute, East4lest Center,

Hawaii which led to a technical assistance program in 1975. Continuing assistance

will be provided to gear the curriculum to the changing job functions.

8. The revised curricula .foresee that first and second year students would

be required to undertake annually two weeks of field work in villages. During

the first year of study the emphasis could be on rural .family life; the second

year's work would be devoted to food production, marketing and processing. Third

year students would undergo intensive field training for four months in institu­

tions, Tillage hospitals and health centers to gain experience in institutional feed­

ing, nutrition surveys, and nutritional health and agricultural intervention

programs aimed at improved nutrl tional status o.f communities. Towards the end of

the field training period, students receive intensive guidance to prepare them for

work in the communities.

Scholarships

9. During 1950-1965 the Ministry of Health provided a subsidy for every

student admitted to the Academy, which covered board, lodging and tuition. In

1965, when the Academy was moved from Bogor to Jakarta the Government discontinued

this subsidy. As a result, recruitment became restricted to students who lived

in the city and whose ~rents could afford to provide the necessary .financial

support. This brought a marked drop in student recruitment, since students from

Jakarta were not attracted to work in the rural areas. It would be advantageous

i! recruitment could .focus on those who have worked for two or three years :in

commmrl.ty development, agriculture, health or education in rural areas and who

ANNEX 7 Page 5

have shown talent and aptitude for work in rural communities. To encourage this,

24 scholarships would be <f'f ered each year so as to broaden and improve recruitment.

On completion of the course there would be an obligation to work as a community

nutritionist for a certain period.

Physical Facilities

10. The Nutrition Academy is part of a bigger complex for heal th training;

lecture rooms are shared. The Ac.ad~ building is comparatively small in size

and modestly equipped. The present teaching laboratories can accommodate groups

of 24 students. Doubling the enrollment would require the provision of two further

teaching laboratories. The library facilities are inadequate and a new library

would be constructed with facilities attached for the preparation of audio-visual

aids. Detailed equipment lists have been prepared and appear to be appropriate for

the needs of the Academy-.

11. Salaries for full-time staff at the Academy are according to the standards

for educational institutions. In genera), salaries are low and there are fewer

fringe benefits compared with equivalent positions in ministries. To attract

higher level staff there is need to provide greater rewards. In Jakarta, housing

is a major problem and a strong inducement to attract good staff would be the

protision of a house. Six modest houses . would be built for this pu_~ose .

Organization and Management

12. The Chairman, Center for Manpower Training, Ministry of Health, would

have responsibility for the component. The Nutrition Academy would be under the

administrative direction of the Director of the Academy, assisted by a Secretariat

ANNEX 7 Page 6

and the heads of three administrative departments - Instruction, Community Service

and Research and Evaluation. In addition there would be .five academic departments

each under a coordinator. The organization ch.art is in Appendix 1. Technical assis-

tance will be provided for instruction in the preparation of simple teaching

a ids and in the use and maintenance of communications equipment to be used in the Nutrition Academy . Training o.f Nutritionists at Other Levels

l). Assistant mtritionists and dietitians are trained at the Nutrition High

School. Entry is after 9 yea.rs of basic education and the course lasts for three

yea.rs.

1.4. The training of graduate and post-graduate levels of nutrition is the

responsibility of the Ministry of Education. In that capacity, the School o.f

Public Health, University of Indonesia, is developing an area of study on organiza­

tion and adlllinistration of Community Nutriticn. Key personnel in nutrition would

be trained in this school. Eight of the eleven medical schools in Indonesia offer

courses in nutrition. Coordination among these institutions would be established

so that they could strengthen and complement each other and avoid duplication.

15. The training of higher level nutritionists necessary to staf'!' the Center

for Research and Development in Nutrition and t.~e Food Technology Development

Center would be the responsibility of the Ministry of Education. See Annexes 2

and J for detail.

Training for Agriculture Extension Staff

16. In order to improve the effectiveness of the agriculture extension staff

in the field of nutrition a provision would be made to provide for inclusion of

nutrition and home gardens into the curricula of the agricultural high schools

and the agricultural training and extension centers. Substantive agreement has

ANNEX 7 Page 7

been reached with the Agency for Education, Training and Extension or the Ministry

of Ag:'iculture (supported through the Agricultural Research and Extension Project,

Loan ll 79-IND) to work out detailed curricula. Also agreement has been reached

that training of extension workers specializing in home gardens in the NIPP areas

will be undertaken through t.'le RUral Extension Centers under the Directorate

General for Food Crops Agriculture (assisted through the National Food Crops

E.."rl.ension Project, Loan 1267-IND).

Costs

17. With respect to the training for nutritionists the component would fin.a.nee

the costs of construction of additional physical facilities, furniture, equipment,

fellowships for teachers and scholarships for students besides the incremental

operating costs of the Academy of Nutrition. The total costs a.mount to $1,185,000,

Costs of civil works are given in Annex

10 and a summary of all costs is given in Annex ll.

18. With respect to tie training for agricult'Ul"e extension staff, the componm t

would finance only the incremental cost of the Agency for Education, Training and

Extension and of the Rural Extension Centersi?order to e.xpand their curricula to

nutrition and home garden training. The total cost amount to $200,000 essentially

for curriculum development, equipment and recruitment o:f instructors.

Sod al Sd ence Language :Managemen i..

Bi)~ogical Sciences HealLh Science Dietetics

Chemistry Food Science Food Proceosing

Nutrition Food & Nutrition Probl ems EducationaJ Teclmir1ues

St,atistics Pi.esea.rch 11ethods

.ANNEX 7

."l.pp,muix 1

Organization of Nutrition Academy

I DIREC'.::O!l I I Co-ordinator 1 ~

r Secretariate I Co-ordinator

J 2 Finance

Personnel Procurement

Co-ordinator 3

I I I Instruction Conum.m.ity Research and

Service Evaluation Co-ordinator 4

Teaching Curricula Libra ry Survey & Resear Extr o.mural Curr. Extension Curriculun Eval StudBnt Counselling Field T:rng. uation

I Co ordma tor 5 -

ch

IlIDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOP!8NT PROJECT

PROJECT ORGAlTIZATION

National Organization i:Jr Nutrition '

1. Presidential Inst:ructio~ No. lh of 1974 Ministerial Committee

ANNEX 8 Pagel

established a / of 10 Ministers, chaired by the Minister of State for

People I s Helf are and with the Hinister of State for Economics, F'lnance and

Industry, the Hi_-r1isters of Finance, L"ldustry, L"lterior, Agriculture, Education, Committee

Labor, Information a.'rJ.d Health as members. The / is responsible for co-ordinating

and implementing a nutrition program on a national scale. A Tecbni~al Car.mission,

chaired by the Deputy Chaiman of BAPPEH.AS, has been established by decree to

provide technical support to the ?o:::u.rn. Appendixes 1 and 2 include the decrees

and Appendix 3 provides a diagram of the national organization for nutrition.

Project Organization

2. The management of each project component uould be carried out through

e.."'Cisting organizational channels of the Government o-:: Indonesia. The project

as a -,,hole ,·1ould be coordinated by the Director Gen?:-al of Cor.:rm.L'lity Heo.lth in

the Hinistry of Health who would be Project Director (part-time). Three

co-directors from the Ministries of Ixrc.erior, Education and Agricul7.!re Hould

~;o!'k ~-rith the Project Direcotr ~-,ho would be nrimus inter nares. The organizatiom.l

ar::-angements for j_-rrplementation of each project component are discussed in detail

in the respective A..--mexes. A Chart j_'rJ.dicating the arrangements for coord::..nat:..on

o-:: the project is given in Appendix 4. The Project Director uould oe responsib::.e

for the coordination of all p!'Oject conponents and for providing professional

and administrative support. to those directly responsible for :L:1plemen:.ation: the

Directors of FI'DC and CRDl'f, the National Coo:rdi.'rJ.ator for HIPP 3.Ild the Chaiman

of the ~---eau for the Cent.er of !Ianpower and Troining i.'rJ. the 1-l:L'rJ.istI"J of Heo.lth.

A1J1:TEX 8 Page 2

The Project Direc~or would have responsi-

bilities for making withdrawal requests to the Bank. The Project Direc~or would

review the project quarterly and ensure timely disbursements of local and

foreign f'unds to implementing agencies. A chronogra.r:i for the project is at

Appendix 5.

3. The Project Direc~o::.- would also be responsible for providing quarterly

reports on the program progress to B.4.P.PEHAS, the H:inisters of Health, Agriculture

and People I s Welfare as well as to the Bank. 1-fid-tenn and f:inal project

evaluation reports would be provided by the Project Director to the plann:ing

groups in the Hmistry of Health and in BAPPENAS, to the Technical Commission

and to the Bank. He would maintain liaison at the national level with governmental

and non-governmental agencies associated with the project and with BAPPEHAS.

4. An Executive Secretary who would be a i'ull time project manager would

assist the Project Director with the coordination and execution of the project.

The Executive Secretary uould be an Indonesian administrator senior in status and

eJcperience. Assistance to the E:cecutive Secretary would come from a Deputy

Executi-,re Secretary, a Finance and Procu..-r-ement Officer, and an Administrator.

Detailed job descriptions of these officers a:-e :L"l Append:L~ 6.

5. A IIonitoring and Evalmtion Unit to be located :-rith the Project Direc~:;r ~'lJuld

consist of two i'ull-time professionals who would be responsible £'or defining

the criteria and indicators to be monitored, the methodolog'J for data collection,

the for.nat for :report:ing data, and for the analysis and :interpretation of the

dab.. The resul-:.s of the analysis would be reported through the E:cecutive

Secretary to the part-tme Panel of EJcperts consisting of 5-7 persons, to be

recruited fror.i universities or other priv'3.te or govenunental ii."lstitutions. These

experts :-1ould assist the Project Director on evaluation o~ the project 2..'1d

coordi,.--iation of the different conponents.

1rnrn~x B P.:i.ee 3

6. T'ne Center for Research ~d Develoµnent i.."1 Ihltrition ( CTIDH) and the

comp:ments for nutrition educ.'..l.tion and nutritioml rn.:1npower trni.'l'ling fall under the

H:inistry of Health and would continue to be managed by the respective Directorates.

The Food Technology Developmm1t Center (FTDC) which is part of the AgriC'\llture.l

University (I.P.B.) Begor, would be under the jurisdiction of the 1!:inistry

of Education. The NIPP component which would be managed by a national coordinator Kabupatan

in the Ministry of Health, would, at the / level, be under the :m.an:i.gement

of the Bu:pati (the chief executive of the regency) assisted by &'1 Assist.3Ilt

Nutrition Program Officer. The 11:inistr-J of Interior has issued instructions

directing all Governors of Prov:i.nces, Bu:patis and Walikotas ( chief e..'{ecutive of

sub-districts) to be responsible for coordinating the nutritional activities :in

their areas of jurisdiction.

7. It is essential that there should be close .collaboration between CRDN

and FTDC, but it is equally i.'7'!1portant that there should be co-ordination between

the wo&. of the two Centers and other research i.."lstitutions in order that research

programs can be more operational and have nutritional significance. The Agricultural

Research and Development Organization (A.RD) has been established to co-ordinate

an integrated research program for agriculture. A Research Coordinating Committee

would be established to facilitate this collaboration ~"ld co-ordi.11ation. The

Di.rectors of CRmI and FTDC would assume chair.nanship of the

Committee in rotation. Hembership would consist of one further professional ARD,

representative from each of the organizations; a represenfo.tive from/BAPPE!JAS and a

professionally qualified rep:::-esentative from each of the Hi."TJ.istries of Heal th, Committee

Agriculture and Indust::-y; and a sociologist from IPB. In addition the / would

also include a representative of the Directorate of Food. Crops Extension so that the

problems of implementation and extension would be brought to the notice of the research rersonnel. Committee 8. Du.rjng the first year of the project, the / would meet each quarter, but

the nu.r.iber of meetings could be reduced to twice a year, whe.'1 the Centers have Com.'lll. t tee

become fully operatiom.l. The broad objectives of the / would be:

Technical Assistance

ANNEX 8 Page 4

9. The project provides US$4J6,000 f'or cons,..ll.tants/advisors, both local

and foreign, for support to the Project Director. Included would be 84 man­

months for a Pl'oject management adv:.sor, a planning consultant and procurement/

financial management expert. Besides, 120 m&"UnOnths of shortterM local and

foreign consultancies iu.ve been provided for assistance in drawing up the

national food and mtri tion program. Draft terms of reference !or the longterm

consultants have been attached {Appendix 7 ). Detailed terms of reference for

the short term consultants will be drawn up by the project director with respect

to the needs of the project from time to time.

The project also provides US$S2,000 tor fellowships to key personnel of

the Project Directorate and the Nutrition Unit in the Ministry of Agriculture.

This is e%J)ected to cover the costs of travel and subsistence to neighbor...ng

countries as well as to international institutions of relevance like INCAP

in Guatemala, for five persons.

(a) to review the overall rese::i.rch prog:roms of the Centers;

JJiI P.::X 8 Pace 5

(b) to review individual research proposals in order to ensure: the

setting of priorities, adequacy of research methodologies, the oper­

ational relevance and any need for collaboration 1-;ith other Indonesian

or foreign research institutions; and

( c) to rev i e:1 the eV<::.lu.::?.tion r.;.ethod.oloGJ' for each research project.

- - - -- -- -- ----

PRESIDENT REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

AflliEX 8 Appendix l Page 1

''illlOFFICIAL TRANSLATION"

PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION OF REPUBLIC OF L'IDONESIA (INPRES) No. 14 of 1974 CONCERNING THE

IMPROVEMENT OF PEOPLE I S FOOD MENU

THE PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

Considering: a. That in the context of promoting JBOple 's welfare, various efforts have to be taken toward the improvement of the people's menu by diversif-'Jing the kinds of the people's foods and by improving its nutritional quality as well 4't as quantity;

}1oting

First

b. that to implement these efforts, continuous coordination of activities is needed on national scale.

l. 2.

3. 4. c:'. ,I.

Article 4 para(l) 1945 Constitution. No. IV/MPR/1973 The People's Consultative Assembly-Decree concerning The Ba.sic Guidelines for State Policy. Law Ne. 9 of 1960 concerning Basic Heal t.11. Presidential Decree No. 9 of 1973. Presidential Decree No. 43 of 1973 concerning the main duty of the State Minister of People's Welfare.

INSTRUCTS

1. The Minister of State for People's Welfare; 2. The Minister of State for Economics, Finance and L~d:ustry/

Chairman of BAPP&~AS; J. The Minister of Health; 4. The Minister of Agriculture; 5. The Minister of Home Affairs; o. The Mi.'lls"ter of Information; 7. T'ne Minister of Education; 8. The Minister of Religion; 9 The Minister of Industry;

10 The Minister of Fi_..~ance.

To execute the activities for the improvement of the people's menu on a national scale, within the framework of coowration among departments/institutions, using the implementation guidance attached to this presidential instruction.

ANNEX 8 Appendix 1 Page 2

Second A. Especially for the Minister of State for People's Welfare: To coordinate the execution of activities for the improvement of the people's menu in line with Government policy.

B. Especially for the Minister of Home Affairs: To charge Governors, Bupati's and Walikota's, as heads of their respective regions, with the responsibility of coordi­nating the execution of activities aimed at the improvement of the people's menu in their respective regions, and to give technical guidance in line with Government policy.

Third This instruction takes effect as of the date on which it is issued and shall be executed in the best possible way.

Decree in Jakarta on 13 September 1974

PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA

(signed)

1. Definition

ATTACHMENT TO TP.E

ANNEX 8 Aonendix 1 Page 3

PRESIDENTIAL INSTRUCTION OF REPUBLIC OF INDJNESIA NO. 14 OF 1974 13 SEPTEMBER 1974

GUIDANCE FOR EXECUTING ACTIVITIES AIHED AT THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S MENU

The improvement of the people's menu means to di versify the kinds of people's food and to improve its nutritional quality as well as quantity, as an important effort in the national development to promote people's welfare, materially and spiritually.

2. Target

The national and comprehensive efforts for the improvement of the people's menu aims at all levels of society and at all regions.

J. ~

In the context of the execution of REPELITA II, the efforts for the improvement of the people's menu will be conducted continuously and are to be executed in the best possible way.

4. Execution

To make the efforts successful, there is a need for a variety of coordinated and nation-wide activities, followed by various departments. Institutions in the Economic and Social Sectors which i'unctionally will organize and take part in the efforts to improve the people's menu by using their own stricture and apparatus. The executive unit for the efforts to improve the people's menu is comprised as follows:

a. Departments/Government institutions which will organize the activities and take part in the execution of the national programme for the improvement of people's menu.

b. Associations/community organizations which vo:untarily an independently will organize and take part in the execution of fue national programme of improve­ment of the people's menu.

5. Task o: the Executive Unit

1 . To manage, to adapt and develop the efforts :or the improvement of the people's menu in line with government policy in their context and their function.

2. To present a periodic report of their ac~ivities to the Minister of State c: People's Welfare through Thei~ Head of the Depart~ents/Institutions, as a compulsary requirement.

6. Coordi."la ting Meeting

ANNEX 8 Appendix 1 Page 4

Problems arising from the execution of activities for the improvement of the people's menu will be solved in the coordinating meeting, chaired by the Minister of State of People's Welfare and attended by Heads of the Departments/Government Institutions in the Economic and Social Sectors dealing with these problems.

e

ANNEX 8 Ax,pendix 2 Page 1

Minister of State for People' s Welfare

Decree of the Minister of State for People's Welf'are No. 03/KEP/M/K&<,RA/II/1975

concerning

Institution of a Techn:. ·-:a1 Commission for People's Menu Imorovement

The 1'.inister of State tor People's Welfare

Conaidering: 1. That, as a realization of the Presidential Instruction No. 14, 1974, on Inprovement of the People's Menu, it is considered necessary to develop and stra!'lgthen an effective co-operation with the various Departments concerned.

2. That such co-operation ca11s for the exi-stence of a complementary set o£ machinery in the form of an Inter-departmental Technical Commission;

Noting 1. The Presidential Instruction to the Limited Cabinet Session on 26 November 1974;

2. Minutes o! the National Working Conference on People's Menu InJ,rove:ment on 22 July 1974,

3. Minutes of the Meeting on Co-ordinated InJ,lementation of the Presidential Instr.iction (INPRFS) No. 14, 197h, on 20 November 1974;

4. The appointment of a representative of each Department concerned, regarding membership in the Technical Coll!lllission;

Decides

To establish the Decree of the Minister of State for People's Welfare on the Institution of a Technical Commission for People's Menu Improvement •

..Article I

1. The co~osition and the names of the appointed members of the Technical Commission for People's Menu Improvement, hereinafter referred to as Techncial Commission, are indicated in the attachment to this Decree.

2. In case it is deemed necessary, membership in the Technical Commission could be e.-q,anded according to need.

Article II

The Technical Commission basically functions as follows:

(a) To de£ine various materials for the government policy formulation on people's menu i.."llprovement.

(b)

( c)

To prepare technical/operational guidelines on menu illlprovement required by various operational units/agencies in implementing their menu ~rovement programmes. To develop and strengthen co-ordir~tion in the technical sector among the v:arious departments/agencies concerned with the implementation of the menu improvement programmes.

AMNEX 8 Aopendix 2 Page 2

( d) To make a technical evaluation of how the various menu improvement programmes are being implemented, and to prepare what favourable prospects could be presented to the meeting on co-ordination of ameliorative activities, aB may be found necessary.

(e) To study various technical suggestions/instructions/reports from different sources, national as well as intarnatiomtl., for eventual submission as discussion material to the meeting on co-ordination of the people's menu improvement programmes.

(f) To design basic guidelines for survey and education/training programme in the menu improvement sector.

(g) To get in touch with agencies/officials in the context of data collection.

Article III

1. The Technical Commission Chairman could set up sub- 11 ad hoc" commi. ttees to deal with specific problems, in line with the existing needs.

2. These sub-committees could seek assistance from experts of various departments/ agencies.

Article IV

To ensure continuance in action as well as the menu improvement program.~e activities, periodic meetings wuld be convened at regular intervals or at any time, as may be found necessary, by the Technical Col!ll!lission. This will be f'u.rther arranged by the Chairman of the Technical. Commission.

Article V

The Technical Commission shall be responsible to the Minister of State for People's Welfare in the fulfil.lment of its mission •

.Article VI

This decree takes effect as of the date on which it is established. Should an error appear in this decree, an amendment shall be eff ecteci accordingly.

Established at: Jakarta Da.te: 12 February 1975

(Signed)

Soenawar Soekowati Minister of State for People's

Welfare Copies of this decree are forwarded to: 1. H.E. the President of the Republic of Indonesia 2. H.E. Vice-President of the Republic of Indonesia J. .ill Ministers of the Developl'llent Cabinet

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l1inister of State for Peo:;:le' D '.!elfr..rc

i..·, ·1 e:cd i :-, ,; P2.g-;:; 3

Attachment to:

Decree cf the :·!inister of 5ta te for Peoplt,' s ·,:elfarP. ·-,--- No. 03/KEP/H/M.;;iu./n/1975

on

Composition of l!e:nber:1hip of the Technic·1l Cor..'1 i3tdon :·or

People's Menu I::iprovem"lnt

1. Soejoto, S.H .. Chairman cum Hembe:-B.'.?Fi::HAS

' 2. Deputy Chair=n cum i·:erar.er Sti.ff to ;:i~u::::::- :,;' 5:-;~:2 for People,.' s \lelfarr.

:;. Hartono I B.Sc. Secretary cum ?fonber

4. Dr. So~derso Departcent of Eealth

5, Dr. Malasan Departcent of Health

6. Drs. Gatot Hadisantoso Department of Social -Affairs

7, Dr. 0. Djojohusodo Dept. of Social Affairs

8, Dr. Dardjo Soosat~adja. Ph.D. Department of Industries

9, Drh. s~~~di Sindur~d;o Department of Ag:-iculture

10, Dr. H. B~ohroP.n Dipo Dept. of Religious Affairs

11. Dr. S.A.R. T~laar BAPBJIAS

12. Dr. SW'1(\' our Dept. of ;.:;:m~c·.rer, Tr~nsaicration & Cooperatives

13. Dr. Asri l Aini .Dept. of Manpower, Transaigration & Cooperati7es

14. ~oko :-:oel jono Departa•.mt of Trude

15. Drs. Y,Jnus A. Ha-:;:~h . :-!.,\. Staff to llininte:- of St:i. te for People's \lelfare

16. S11b3qio

17,

18.

Depart~en: of Infor~ation

Frof. D:- . J.chhn::. P.t:.?:d-::-.121,'.'.!:t

Dept. of Cducation x Cul~i....!.'e

Soct,i!:'-no PoG:-:1()(iirr>1io. S.H. Dept. of Ho~e Affairs

!-!ember

Member

Member

Member

Nen:ber

Meo.be:-

Member

!:ember

l1ember

llember

1-len:ber

Hember

Hember

(Signed)

Soenc.l:.':<!" So2!rn\/a ti .. !Unintcr of State for People'::; Welfare

----~__J

e e Indonesia Nutrition Development Project

National Orp;anization for Nutrition

Pro·oct Director Nutrition Development Project

Minister of State For Peale's Welfare

Forum of ten Ministers

Minister for Plannin

BAPPENAS

- -----------NlLO!l

I Pro c r um for Cont.rolling J.nenrln in PlantaL1om;

Co-Director D. G. ltinlstry of Int.erlor

; --Provincial Gov.,rrunent

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National Coor<llrwtor Lo to NIPP

llutrition- j Program Officer

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l'IlD,JECT ORtiA.lITZA1'JON

Project Director D. G. Comnrunity Health

~ -----

l Nutrition J _ Conununico tion

Food SLorut::d and Processini::

---1 Secretariat J

. -CE.:rununizatio-;;J

-I F'ood s.~~

HiniBLry of

Co-Direct.or Ministry of Agriculture

Co-Director}-­

Edu cu ti on ---~---~

IIIPP Activities in Food Storage ond II oma Garden a

Food of Nutrition Unjt

CHRONOGRAH: NUTRITIOrT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

ANNEX8 Anpendix 5

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEA..1t 3 YEAR u

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 h 1 2

CRDN Building .. , Office Equipment ' . ,

*Staff Development Laboratory Equipment Laboratory Supplies Library, Documentation, etc Vehicles Survey and Evaluation Technical Assis"tance

- TDC research Laboratory ' ,

Processing Laboratory .. , Equipment and Instruments

*Staff Development Development Activities (Field) ------ -------Technical Assistance

NIPP Vehicles Preli;n . Activities Boj . /W .Lomb ...

" C.Java/S.Sumatra '

Bali/Yogya/W . Java . /

Operational Act. Boj ./w .Lomb C.Java/S .Sumatra

Bali/Yogya/d . Java Equipment ' ,

Technical Assistance '

NUT . Es tab. N~.1. c1 I., • Executi'.re ...

ED . Seminars & ·t1orkshops \ , Village Motiva1,ion ----1 Community Action Evaluation Technical Assistance ,

:JUT . Bui2.ding '

TP..AINLiG Furniture, Equipmen"t,7ehicles .. ,

-i:-Staff Development Increased Student, Ou1,out ------

ORG . & Coordination MANAGEMENT Planning and Noni torin2

. ~. . Zvaluati o~ Techn, ca~ Assistance ~

-------Preparatory work . 0 :-Suff beginning higher courses of training towards the end of the project period would

comolete the cou:-se after the end of "the pro ject .

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~ TERMS OF REFEREN"Cb FOR STAFF OY THE -P.BOJECT DIRECTOR'S STAFF OFFICER

The Executive Secretary

Job Description

.AN°:'JEX 8 Aonend-ix 6 Page 1

The Executive Secretary would be responsible to the Pro ject

Director for:

1. the coordination of the various components and being

the normal channel of communication for conveying

instructions from the Project Director;

2 . the administration of the project, including office and

personnel management, accounting and procurement;

3, the timely disbursement of funds to the implementing

agencies;

h. covening monthly meetings of project officers to facilitate

cooperation and communication between those responsible

for components;

5. the consolidation cf progress reports from Project, officers,

the preparation of issues papers for r ef erral to the Exoert sem; -annual

Advisory Com.~ittee and for drafting the / reports required

by the Minister of Health, BAPPENAS, The Minister of State for

Peoples Welfare a.~d by the Ba.~k .

Qualifica-:ions

The Executive Secretary 1-mulc. be a senior admi.."listra:00:r-.

4 years previous experience of manage~.Bnt and ',v-ith a posi ive

atti~ude towards the need for action to assist the nutritionally deprived . The

coordinating role dema,ds quali-:ies c: leadership and tact. The ma...,agerial f,1nct.ions

';.iou.ld require meticulous attention to detail , --,fr:::..le ret.a::..r,i::2g u_...,_·c.erstB.!lc.:'..::.g o:

the overall concept .

The Denuty Executive Secretary

Job Descrintion

AfJ:JEX 8 Appendix 6 Page 2

The Deputy Executive Secretary would be responsible to the

Executive Secretary for:

1. continuing liaison with component Project Officers and

their staffs; and with other relevant agencies;

2. identify.in.g problems in any of the project components,

arranging for speedy consideration of alternative solutions

and the reaching of decisions on remedial measures;

J. identifying gaps in knowledge which hinder or inhibit

irr.plementation and referring such gaps in knowledge for

furt~er study or research .

In the absence of the Executive SecretarJ, the Deputy Executive

Secre-r,a.r-.r would be responsible to the Project Director for the functions of

the Executive Secretar-J. The Deputy Executive Secretary would travel,

as necessary,to keen in toucn 1.-1ith all aspects of the project.

Q-...:.alii'ica tions g,..adu.a.te

The Deputy Executive Secretal"J would be a un:..versity 1, of medium 2-J years 1

level seniority, with/previous exnerience of manage~ent or administration.

The Deput~I Secretar-J s~"ould have f2c::..li ty :'or collaborating with otners, ar..

inquiring mind with quick perception and sound j~dgement ar-d ::amiliarity with

notential resources for proble;n solving . The Depu-r,y Secretary ;rould reaui:::-e

"CO be physically f:.. t ::or extensi Ve 8...'1d arduous travel.

The Finance Officer

Al,HJEX 8 App endi.x 6' Page 3

Jcb Descrintion

for:

The Finance Officer would be responsible to the Executive Secreta_ry

1. ensuring that Go,errunental and Ban.~ requirements in regard

to financial ra1d procu~ement matters are met;

2. ensuring that appropriate accounting and auditing procedures

are introduced; in consultation with the Bank and adhered to;

3. coordinating the preparation of financial budgets o: ir:dividual

components;

Lt . preparation of cash flows a.,,d estima:.es of expenditure for

the project;

6.

ensuring correct application for project funds;

reviewing the disbursement requests fron the project

officers of the components;

7. establishing a cost analysis and recor1 keeping system for

mean.ingful evaluation of cost effectiver.ess of individual or

groups of intervention measures;

8 . reporting to the Government and to the Ban.!< on the fi..r1a.'1ci.al

outlays under the project .

Qualifications

A pro:essionally qualified accountant with 4 ;--e.::i.rs I exnerience

at ministerial or denartmental level in direcdng

the accou.'1ting of s~b-units; experience in the fra,ing o: estimates)

control of expendi"c,ure, disbursement cr fu.'1ds a2d in working ,..;i th .hign level

government officials.

-- - ----- --- --- - - - - --

The Procurement Officer

Job Descrintion

.AJlrIEX 8 Appendix -5 Page 4

The Procurement Officer would be responsible to the Executive

Secreta:rJ for:

1. ensuring correct p~ccedurec for :L~viting tenders, evaluat:L~g

tenders a.n.d awarding contracts for civil works, vehicles,

project stores and requisites;

2. arranging with each component for the physical control a.Dd

checking of project stores;

3. t.:1.e general security arrangements for transport a.--id :ra ... "ehous:b.g.

Qualifications

The Procurement Officer should be qualified as a Stores Officer,

with orevious experience in evaluating tenders, procuring a.Dd controlling

stores and equipment at least at departmental level, preferably with

experience in the proci..::-ement proced'.1res laid down by the Bank . If

ir.experienced :L~ these procedures, there should be the aptitude to acquire

kn6wledge o~ them

DRAFT TERMS OF lm'ERENCE FOR ADVISORS/CXlNSULTANTS TO .ASSIST THE PROJECT DIRECTOR AND THE NUTRITION U?ITT

Project Ba,nagement Advisor

ANNEX 8 (a) ~pendb: 7 Page 1

1. Indonesia's Nutrition Development Project would require the services

of a Project Management Advisor for a period of three years to assist the

Project Director and his staff in the organization and management of the project.

2. The Project Management Advisor would be a nutritionist with management

eJq>erience or a development planner/economist with experience in planning and

organizing multidisciplinary programs in the social sector, preverably with

an orientation towards nutritional programs or a heal th planner with experience

in nutrition project management. We would look for a person with integrative

skills and a capacity to relate the project to the national ,rogram of develop­

ment. Desirable quali.f'ications would include experience in managing relation­

ships with international organizations, as well as handling problems of

interdisciplinary and :multisectoral. coordination.

3. The Project Management Advisor would assist the Project Director in:

(a) setting up the organizational structure and defining the roles of

the Project Directorate vis-a-vis the project entities,

(b) developing the monitoring and evaluation unit, recruiting suitable

local and foreign consul tan ts for the unit and establishing the scope of

the unit's work in relation to the project activities,

(c) assisting the Project I>irector and his executive secretary to plan,

~lament and monitor the development of the various co~onents,

(d) formul?.ting procedures to select consultants :for the various project

con;,onents,

(e) assisting in the work of preparation of budgets for and coordinating

the al.location of .funds for different project components, and

(f) assisting in the work of making withdrawal requests from the Bank.

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( :i) Procu:enent Advisor

~rnEI 8(3) J..rm encli..-c 7 P.,ge 2

1. The Inc!onesis. nutrition develcp:nent project requir~s the s:ern.ce3 cf

an expert in man.aging the procure:ment of equip?11ent for the various research

facilities to be strengthened under the project. I - -

2. The P::-ocu....-ement Advisor would have had· three to fi v~ years e:xnerience in

tlB.Ilagsment of prccure~ent of equipment and of evaluation of tenders for

ci~-1 wor~-::s in larze-scale org3nizations. He would preferably have had

e;:,:peri~nce in wor~ with or in an inter:iational organization. Desirable

qualilications wo~d be that the person select..3d is by traininz an e~..near

or account.alt with exparience ~- lllm'13.ging work and accountil:g in resea.rcn-orie~ted

projects.

J. The Procurement Advisor would be recruited directly or through

internatior.al or bilntara.l assistance undar terms a..--id conditions acceptable

to the Ban.!{ to assist the P::-oject Director and his staff in:

(a) ensuring, in consultation with the resident mission of the IBRD, that

procedures for tha procurement of equipment and award of contracts under

the project are co~atible m. t.11 those laid do-:,m in Ea...'lk guidelines and

agreed to as part of the Project,

(b) establishing detailed operating procedures in such a way as to ensure

that; (i) the best possible equipment is purchased and installed at the

lowest possible cost to t...'1.e borrower, (il) enforceable ma.i..'"'lt.enanca

arrangements are adequately !:pelt out in contracts with suppliers, and

(iii) adequ.ats train:ing is given to the local perso~J.el in necassa...-y

maintenance procedures.

( c) assisting the B:-oject Director a.Tld staff in ensuring that the neces3ary

financial procedu:-es are followed so that the Bank ca.'1 disbl!.rse its loan

amount to the Govern.1J1ent against the category expedi t,iously, a.?Jd

(d) la;:r.-..ng out apprcpriate and feasible review p:-oced'..lres t.,;-ough :.;hich tha

(b) Planning Consultants .

ANUEI 8(a) Appendix 7 Page 3

1. The Indonesia Nutrition Development Project w"Ould require plannfog

consultants to assist the Project Direct. This is related to the

requirement that the various tests, studies and evaluations in the project

be utilized to help prepare a national food and nutrition program.

Planning consultants would be required to work both in the Project Director's

staff and in the Nutrition Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture.

2. The planning consultants would be drawn from among economists

trained in malysis of food policy and nutrition related issues and would

would have had e~erience 1n preparing plans and programs f' or developing

countries or nutritionist with a specific training 1n economic analysis

and project/program evaluation.

J. !he planning consultants in the Project Directorate would assist

the Project Director and his staff in:

(a) drawing up the time phasing and nature of data and analysis for

the project objective of drawing up a national food and nutrition

program to be incorporated in the 3rd developr::.~n~,

(b) organizing and, where necessary, conducting studies in the specific

areas necessary to develop the policy framework .. -md program

content for the plan, and

( c) drawing up periodic reports to the M::mi toring and Evaluation Unit

on the progress of the work.

4. The planning consultant in the Nutrition Unit of the Ministry of

Agriculture will assist the Director of the Unit in:

(a) drawing up a program of iilOrk,

(b) organizing, in consultation with the Project Director's staff, studies

in regard to the nutritional consequences o! agricultural pol!cies,

and (c) evolving a food and nutrition policy for consideration of the head of

the unit and for transmission to the Project Director.

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IN:OOiTESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMEITT PROJECT

Food and Nutrition U::::. t: Ministr;r of Agriculture

ANNEX 8(hl Page 1

1. Decree Uo. 270 of the Ministry of Agriculture, dated March 27, 1969,

established a Food and Nutrition Unit (FNU) in the Ministry under the super­

vision of the Bureau of Planning, Secretary-General's office but directly

responsible to the Minister. The objectives of the decree were that: the FNU

would advise the Ministry on actions to increase the production of foods,

improvement in the quality of diets for all people, but especially for farmers

and on the implementation of a policy for food production and utilization.

The FNU would be the Ministry's agency for coordinating its nutritional

activities with those of other rdnis tries • In particular, the FNU would study

the effects of economic and social factors on human food consumption.

2. Under Decree No. 169, dated April 21, 1975, a team was appointed to carry

out the work of the FNU. It consists of 12 senior officers of various departments

of the Ministry of Agriculture working only part-time. However, the Unit lacks

the basic prerequisites: the trained manpower to carry out its task effectively.

3. Agricul~ural production -- on the basis of caloric yields -- has progressed at an during the past years.

annual rate of about 3 percent. / Ho¥ev-er, this gro,rth was distributed unequally

among the different segments of the agricultural population. Indonesia's

agricultural programs and Bank projects supporting these programs have focused

primarily on the production aspect~~· Insufficient attention was attached

to improve through these programs also the nutritional status of the population,

particularly that of disadvantaged groups. To ensure that these groups benefit from

increased production and improved nutrition, proper planning is essential and

adequate coordination between agricultural and nutritional activities to guarantee

e

ANNEX 8(b) ?age 2

the appropriate and efficient allocation of resources in line with food and

nutritional objectives of the Government.

4. Recognizing the important role which the Ministry of Agriculture cruld assume

in Indonesia's nutrition program, the Government ..:.shes to strengthen the FNU, so

that it would become an important factor in introducing nutritional aspects into

not only agricultural policies and planni..."lg. To ensure th.is, the FNU would require /additional

allocation of resources L, terms of ma~power and funds,but also proper integration

within the administrative structure of the Ministry of Agriculture. This integration

will be required to ensure proper coordination of !<'NU's nutrition actions~-!!.-~

the production oriented DirectoratesGeneral of food crops, estates, livestock and

fisheries, and agencies such as the FTDC and CRDN.

5. The primary objective of this component would be to strengthen the FNU

and to establish the organizational structure and links within and outside the

Ministry of Agriculture required to enable the FNU to advise the l'd.nistry on the

nutritional consequences of current and future agricultural policies and programs.

6. The project provides for about 24mm:.-months of short-term technical assistance

to help in s~rengthening the FNU ;.rid to assist it in in-service training and work

i,11plementation. The terms of reference for a nutritional planner, nutritiona~

economist and data analyst are gi,ren L11 Appendix 1. In orde::- t0

build up the staff of the FNU, the project also pr:vides 72 :nan.months of fellowships

for specialized M.S. training abroad i!l eccnomic-1nutrition, community nutrition and

agricultural economics/nutr:i.tion. These fellowships will be allocated by t.he

Project Director in consultation with the Co-director of the ML~istry of Agriculture.

7. The total base costs of r.his component would be $180,000.

Terms of Reference for Consultants

ANNF.X 8(b) Anpendi..""< l_ Page 1

Nutrition Planner

Needed qualifications are a University degree in agricultural economics

or economics and post-graduate qualification in nutrition with experience in the

analysis of nutritional problems and the formulation and implementation of

nutritional policies and programs. The nutritional planner will be responsible,

in close association with the Chief of the FNU, for supervising the total work

e program and its implementation. Specifically he will assist the FNU:

(i) in assessing administrative, financial and manpower requirements for

( . . ) ,l.l.

an operational FNU and in formulating a concrete proposal for

implementation;

in assessing and strengthening the links between the FNU and the

ve.rious Directorates General of the Ministry of Agriculture, the ARD

and the AETE.

(iii) in formula ting ,ind evaluating nutri t:.on programs; e7alua-

(iv)

ting the food and nutritional aspects of ongoing or plazuied agricultural

policies and projects; and

in for::iulating and implementing in-service tra:L'ling.

NutritioP.al Eco~omist

Needed qualifications are a University degree in economics with post-graduate

qualification in nutrition with experience in analysing and evaluating economic/

agricultural data relevant to nutritional planning. The nutritional economist in

close associa~ion with the Chief o~ the FNU will be responsible for developing a

methodology to collect agricultural and economic data relevant to nutritional

aspects of agricultural project and policy for~ulation.

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Data Analyst

l,NNE! 8 (J:, ) Anoendix 1

Page 2

:'.::xtensive kno"Jiledge and experianc3 in assessir.g, managing and coordinating

tha required nutritional statistics (food production, food availability, nutritional

status) and in the for:nulation of a::ia.lytical systems for collaction, interpretation

and evaluation.

INIX:UESIA 'WTRITIO.T DEVELOP}!EdT PROJECT

Monitoring and Evaluation

Purooses

A:f:jEX 9 Page 1

1. There are three aspects to monitoring and evaluation of the Indonesia

:Jutri tion Development Project. Fir::;t comes the moni taring function, in the

sense of providing timely information to project management concer:iing the and

progress of the project/ the rela+,ive effectiveness vd.th which project ir.puts

are utilized. This function would include a.11 ongoing evaluation of project spe ci.fic project

impact with reference tc/goals . Second is the exoerimental evaluation comprised

in the test components of the project. This would, for instance, include the

study of the relative effectiveness of different irr.oroved

the :UPP area, the cost effectiveness ofistorage

combinations of interventions a.r:.d

methods/process:.ng,and the

i~act of Ya:ious methods of nutrition education for behavioral c .ange. Third

coMes the policy-oriented studies or nutrition nrogram evaluation, utilizing

various results of the project as also specially designed research efforts to

in

assess the direction in which the project and the nutrition program a;.·e going a.11.d to

suggest ways of improvement. It will also be aimed at det,err-..i.ning m.ea:mres or

groups of measures best suited for bringL-ig about improvement in the YJutritional

status of the population, leading to develonment of t,he national nutrition plan.

Infor!"'.ation to be Collected

2. The Moni taring Funct:.on - }!'oni taring of the p:-oject prog:-ess h~s to

oe done tr.rough carefully designed reports on physical progress,e;q:ienditure and

effects in relat,ion to goals. The manager of each component act,ivity will be

responsiole for mo~itoring the progress of the coq:,onents and sabr!:.tting reocrts

at quarterly :...-itervals to the Project Director through the E:{ec'.1ti ve SecretarJ .

Tte reporti.--ig S'.fstem will be so designed as -1;,o provide info:::':la"':.ion on -':-he .i'ol_o~-d.:::g

key-indicators:

J.. 11fNEI 2 Page 2

(a) T'r.e degree to 11hich professional a:yl e_'i11inist::-=.:1. t::..v-e staffing

levels r.:eet project schedules.

(b) Detail of fellowships : and in-service train:L~g prog:rar.1s,

giving n'Ulllbe:-s o.: st.aff pa:rticipat:..ng and the quality and

appropriateness of the educa.tion2l an.d train:r.g progra:-:;s .

(c) The provision o: technical ser,rices such as long-tenn 2-';.d

short- term consul ta.-rits.

( d) The prog::-ess of civil wor.-:s co:i.s-'jc'."Uction at CltLH, FTDC ani litrtrEion Ac.:.de:-:::.•

in accordai:.ce with projected i."-::-plemen:.2. t.:..cn tir1e-t2.oles.

(e) Equippi.-rig o.: laboratories and field facilities to e~sure that

they become operational within projected tir.:e-li1n:.k.

(f) The extent of utilization of major iten:s of e~uiprner-t, at

CR.DH am: FTDC .

(g) Acquisition of necessary su~Jl~2s for local food processing

and efi'ici€ncy of processL.vig .

(h) Progress of nutrition and nutrition-related actiY::..ties in :TIPP viJlages

and plantati:m.s in accorclance ;ii th plans o:f opera.tio::1.

J. The evaluation of :-esearch prog::-a...is ~.01.J.ld be desig:ied co p::-ovide the

ir.fo:::T.1ation on ~.hich future program er,;:ihasis would be deter:-ined . L'1 resea.!'ch

projects key indicators cannot easily be p::-e-determi.11ed, out would be chosen for

each research project as it develops. 3asic areas for choice of indicators

would reflect: the goals of the pa.rt.:.cular ::-esearch project; nethods of analysis;

the interpretation of experi~ental data; the presentations of nea..,ingiul progress

reports; the testing and demonstration of results, and the d2gree of saccess achieved

the dis semi ::1ation a.'1d adoption of new :.ecr.niques. 'i'r.e ?-ese~~~~· Cco~~6 Cc.::!...-:C..~tc~ I

o: the CRD] and FT:SC :-;ould review the research progra.>r.s. .2:::fo:-~ g.:.vi.r:g zppro-r.tl

Committee

A~.JEX 9 Page 3

to a proposed researci.1 project t:r..e / .. would review the choice of indicators

for evaluation. The progress reports on reseaTch projec~s, submitted to the Researc~

Coo::-d.i::1a ti::g :3oard of Directors fo:- its co::1.siiie::-1;1.tion, wo'..u.d include information on all decig:1ated

/evaluation criteria. Ongoing evaluation of r.o:.:rito::-ing nmorts will be carried

out, with the assistcu1ce of consulta..:.t.s, whe::-e necessary by the monitoring and

evaluation sta.ff ·of the Executive Secreta.r-J. (For details o:t staffing s~e para 7) .

L. . Exneri::-:ental Evalu.::ition - A few cc.rrponents of the project seek to I evaluate'

tl:.3 e.ffect::.veness of different nethods of nutrition interventions, separatel::-r and

i..11 co;~bination. In the TIPP_ co:;:pone:1t, tee objecti-;e is to deterni.."'1.e the effective-

r..ess, togethe:- ..rith cask;, of the prcpose::. p::-ogra.-a of nutr::.tion, health 2..--i.d

other acti.,-:: .. ties for achievi_11g a reduction in ~orbid::.ty and Mortality, and

ir_?Yoving ni1t::-itional statu:; . NIPP twuld also heln detemine the '-~elative cost-

effectiveness cf these actiYities in combinatio:i as cor.:::>ared to ;:hen they· are ta.1.:e!'l

i....~ separately. The Center for Research and De\-elcpr:ent in 1·iutri tion would be

req)onsible for this evaluation. This Hould i..'1.-;rolve a carefully designed base- li..'1e

sc--.rey of a sa.:,:ple pc;,ulation in the selected ;:ab9a::ns prior to operational

ant.h::-opometric neasurements and biochemical deterni.."lations . After NI?P has

bee:i in operation for 18 mont~s: a survey us::.ng the same parao1eters ;,rould be repeated

re:d 2.gni..11 at the end of the project period. For each of tb~ NIPP -.-i.llages as i-1ell

as in the control Yillages tr.e nid- tern and ±'i:lal resi..u. ts ,m:.ud be cor:nared :-1i th

~he ~ase- li..:.e data a"ld the findings analysed accordi..'1.g to the differc~t co~-

bi..iations o:: i..'1.ter-...-entions. The Co;-n.muni t:r :7ut::-i tio:1 Divisior.. of C:EUJ:i :-rould be

re2Pon3io_e for the tec!ll:.ical de3ign of the survey, i!:cl~ding tne statistical

fr.2..~e, the ~ethodolog-J for data collection, tte questionn:~.=-r~ and tr.e a."lalysis of

::-e:::ul ts . Da:.a collectio:1 :-;ould be carried 01.:t by tr.e village cad:-es or otr.e:-

:.~~ned staff', u.J1de:"' t::e tecr._,.,_ical sL:per~.1"1.s:..c=: c~ a tea.r:i f~on G?JJ::. Pro-;isic:i h2.s

e

1\.?JfE:{ 9 Page LL

o~er. nade under tec!1.'1ical assistance for help~~ ~he design of th~ survey a..'1d

a..'12l:-si s cr results. Results from the nutri tio!l education co:::pon.e:it would be

evo.11.iated by o. team of experts under th::: direction of the Chairnan for r-!enpoHer

Training, with assistar.ce from CRDN on the nutritional aspects a!!d from

1/ sociologists f:-om IPB on the Kno:-;ledge- Atti tude- ?ractice tests.- The Food

Tech."'1ology Development Center ,;.;ould be i.'1 charge of evaluatirlg the cost-effectiveness

of differer.t r.i.ethods of i.""':proved .fo od storage and p:-ocessL'1g .

s. In the P.::enia Control and Prevention Program - Plantations, the project

:wl.L.d seek to r evaluate ' the effectiveness of deli ver"J siJste::;s for iron

suppleme::1tatior_ oYi large and ssall pla..ritatio::1s. C? .. mr and the NILHOH would work

on the scientific and tec:1."'1ic2J. strength of the caJ'11)onent , but CRmr would be i.n

charge of the baseline survey and final evaluation of the labor productivity and

e:fectiveness of deliver,J systems .

6. ?roe2·tL'"'-l E·.,vn.luation - Vario1.1s progr&i1 oriented studies ivould be car~ied a

O'J.t as part of the project, by consul tc1I1ts dre:1:-m f:-om / pa::t-tirae pa.11el of

exnerts from the universities, C?..mi aiid FTDC . These studies will be funded as

pa::-t of the project and organized by the }bni t,oring and :8valuation U.ni t Tu."'1der the

Project Director. Important among the studies would be :

(a) nutritional effects of agricultural and general economic policy changes;

(b) nutritional norns and levels o.f poverty in dif.fere:it regions, urban/ri.1::-al,

of Indonesia;

(c) relationships betweeYi nutrition and productivity in or62...-iized inc.ustr.r

farm labor, and sr.tall farr;i.3;

(d) effect of nutrit,ion educatio~ through ~ass media sich as filr.s, radio a'l.a

the press;

(e) cost- effectiveness a.rid nutritional relevar1ce of nolicies encou::-agi~g

increased production of cereals -,-s. tubers such as cassava/s:-ieet potatos

in certain areas of L1do~esia; ar:.d

"':::/ Sta.."1.dard K. A. P. tests, as used in sociologictl studies, ~uuld be adanted :or evaluati.-i.g behavioural cha.11ges re~_ati.'1g to rc1..:.t::-i tional iG.'1.owle .;.ge and prac1:,::.c'3.

ANNEX 9 Page S

(f) relationship between better health and nutrition, reduction in infant

mortality and fertility.

These studies would be utilized by the planning staff of the Directorate of

Nutrition of the MinistrJ of Health as well as the Food and Nutrition U~it of

the Minist,:·y of AgricultuYe in the preparation of the national food and nutrition

plan for inclusion in the Thi~d Five Year Development Plan.

Organization and Staffing for Monitoring and Evaluation

7. The Y.oni taring and Evaluation Unit which would consist of two professionals

wi. th support staff would also draw on the services of consultants. The unit

would report through the Executive Secretary to the Project Director. The unit

would be resnonsible for:

(a) designing the format of and reviewing the monitoring reports and returns;

(b) organizing special studies through consultants;

(c) arranging for verification, on a sample basis, of data repor~ed; and

(d) advising the Project Director on the state of progress and effectiveness

of the Project.

The staff for moni taring and evaluation functions performed by CRDN and FTDC

are detailed in the respective Annexes.

The Costs of Monitoring and Evaluation

8. The project pr-ovides for US~SO ,000 for studies in add: tion to t.he cost

of the Noni taring and Zvaluadon Unit and the related staff in various

research components.

INDONESIA tnJTRJTTON DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

ANNEX 9 Appendix 1

!<"'low of Data and .Analysis for Mani toring and Evaluation ___fumerimental Evaluation

Effectiveness of

F~amrles of Data

Frc<J11ency of Coll cr::t,j on

ResponslbiJ ity for Desit:;n o.f Snmple Questi..onnnil'e 1 j f any

SLaff CollecUllg D.'.l.ta

To lvhom Data to be Reported

Responsibiljty for Ana] ysi s and Evaluation

F'irst Leve]

Second Level Thi rd Lc\1 1..'J

Noni taring of Project Progress

Progress of construction, procurement of equipment, staffing, training arrangements

Quarterly/monthly for some .Ltems

Civilworks staff/staff of the research cntity(CRDN, FTDC)/Field staff of HIPP.

DirecLor of the Component/National Coordinator HIPP

Director of Component/National Coordinator of HIPP H&E Unlt Projec L Dj_rec Lor

Hutri tional Statu.s

Height, weight, arm circumference , Vitamin A levels, hemoglobin levels

Baseline Data Midterm Final

CRD!J

Specially trained enumerators.

CRDN

CRDN/NPO

HEU/Project Director

Nutritional Interventions

Gain of weight by children, reduction in morbidity, infant mortal­ity, number needing supplementation.

Monthly

CRDN/Nationn.l Coo:rdinator of NIPP.

NIPP's field staff .

CRDN 1Jhrough National Coordinator .for NIPP

CRDN

Project Director

I IDOtESIA NUTRITIOr! DEVELO:!?~~i1' PROJECT

~Jutrition Development Project

Civil Works

Plan..>ri.ng

AlrNEX 10 Page 1

The building designs are well adva..riced and all preliminary pla..'1s

have been completed . The dra,-,.;ings were prepa"!'<:=d by local arc hi tee tural c~vernment

cc::1sul ta..'1ts engaged by ~1e/and under the guidance of a small task force,

headed by the Chief ~ngineer, .Hinist:-y of F.ealth a.'rl repres3ntatives from

other client agencies . Th::.s task force has worked well and should be

retained during the preparation of detaihd dra:,ri.ngs ail.i construction to

e::1sure uniformity in sta.ridards.

EstiJnates

2. All estima"!:.,:!s of costs quoted in the .ippendixes are based 0:1 costs

in Indonesia as of .. ~~9, 1976 ·. These esti."llates allo~,r .:'o~ adequate standards

of finish for resea...-ch laboratories and food processing b'.l.ildings. The

equipment for the buildings has been included under the category of scientific

equipment and, therefore, is excluded from these estimates.

Control

3. ':'he civ.:.l -,;arks co:nponent of the project will be imple~ented by

the work3 section of the Hinistries of Health and Ed'.lcation. The engineering

sect-ion of tr.e Einistry of Heal :.h -~-ill be responsible for the HRDC and the

~:u-':.ri tion ;._cadS:::iy, ~,r:ile t:12 corrsspcnd.:.:1.g orga.'1ization of the Hinistry of

.Sduca.tion, through the Jl.gricul bral University, Bogo:-, will ::ie responsible

for the FTDC .

.rn:sx 10

Sites

4. All sites for b'.ri.ldings have been selected and appea: to be 3Uit-

ab-:1..e . Surveys and site e:igirceering tests on each site would be underta!,cen

before designs are finali~ed.

Professional Ser-.ric2s

s. Both Hinistries have established works organization:;, 'out req1.ri.re

a.:,sista.,ce on arc rd. tectural ser-r.ices . ::u! Co-v-,:.rr.;:i~t h:1:3 retained con~t.mt.a, i.b.o

h9.7e prepa:-ed preliminar-J drs: •• i::igs fer all ouildin.gs 2...,::l. th9y 0-rould conti!'.ue

to be retained for the preparation of detail dr2'"_.rings, specifications a.vid

to oversee tha wor~ to final co;.,?letion.

6. Particular Lrrroortance is at~ached to achieve standards o: finish

sui ta"ole for resea:-c:i labo::-3.tor:,· work &"le. adequate acco:i'ilr.lodation for the

equip:;ient and pl,mt . The specificat::..o:is reflect th:i.::; ~c(?.lireme,t a.,.cl t~-e

site supervisio:1 must ensur'2 that these sta."ldards of finis:i a1·e net . It has

been agreed that a resident engineer o~ the 1-.::..:1:.sr,:.7 o: ~·~or'.<s 1-;oulc. b::i

stationed at Bogor to super-rise the work on C?JJN a..,d assist in supe::-v:.sion

of civil 1.-ror:cs of FTDC.

Const:-uction

7 , The civil works component would be Lr.:plem~nted through nor.nal

a<JVerr .. r::e::it c'i~a."1.nels using established gpvern.'nent r.:-oc3dures and doca.112nt2.tion,

in respect of the following:

a. ~forks prccedu:Gs th:-cugi1 bid i. .. g, constru:;t:..o:-:, S'.l?ervi.sion

to final acceptance of CO;!l!)leted b1.1ilding, incl~di:1g con-

tract control a':.d :.~espon.sibiJ.i ty for su~ervi..sion, both

general and on- si ta supervision. In particular the f.'!et:.od

of pre-qual::..fyi.ng bi-..l:le::--s a.11d the systews fo_ bidding, bid

e

ANNEX 10 Page 3

evaluation and award ~.;ould follow standard 1~.ni~t.1? ol .,.c;-k procedures;

b. General conditions of Contract;

c. Stand~d bidding documents; and

d, Standard form of Contract Agreement .

8. 1;Ji thin one month of loan signing, tha Government wmild. Ul:Q?lge to supply- to

the Bank an authorized English translation of the standard ~~i2tzy ct ~~rk procedures

and documents in respect of the above as they relate to each of the

Ministries of Health and Education.

9, All contracts for construction in excess of US$,,. ~J!~oi would be

awarded on the basis of international competitive bidding in accordance

with the B an.1( 1 s C:Uideline s ,

Procurement of Furniture

10. Contracts for the procurerient of furniture below US$SO,OOO would

be in ~ccordance with local competitive bidding procedures.

e

IN!P~I.l NUTRITION DEVEWPMENT PROJECT

Schedule of Civil Works - Locations and Accommodation

ANNEX 10 Appendix 1 Pagel

A. Center for Research and Develooment Nutrition: Jalon Samboja, Bogor

( a) Wing I - Food Sciences Laboratories - Total Area

Includes: Animal Rooms & laboratory; Instl"ument Center;

Food Toxicology and Food Micro-Biology

Laboratories.

(b) Wing II - Biochemistry Laboratories - Total Area

Includes: Biochemical, Haematology and Anthropometric

Laboratories; and Cafeteria

(c) idng IlI - Library and Auditorium - Total Area

Includes: Book stack, Reading and Printin8 Rooms;

li>rkshop ; Audi toriu:n with stage; and

.Administrative Offices.

(d) Renovations to Existing Buildings - Total Area

Includes: Laboratories and Community Nutrition

( e) Dormitories for 32 persons - Total Area

(f) 14 Staff F.ouses

Includes: 12 houses each with an area 0£ 120 m2

2 houses each with an area 0£ 25'0 m2

(g) Site Infrastructure \>brk

Includes: Power House and Emergency Power; Fencing;

820 m2

1,100 m2

1,.330 m2

2,200 m2

575 m2

Roads and Parking Areas; 4.50 meter Bridge over the river.

JlNNEX l 0 }.Pnendix 1 Page 2

B. :?ood Technology uevelonment Center: Agricultur'll U?liv~rs~t:y. :Bogor

f)

a) Adr.d.nis-.:-rr., ti ve Puilc.ir.g Total L::ca

Includes: Ad:-:;inistrative Offices; Se:.1::.nc1r Reem ;

Con ferc r:co Rocm and Li br.s.ry .

b) Food Research Laboruto:ri.es Total Ar.ea.

Includes : Hicrobiolcgy, Chemical/Bioche1;d.ca.l arid

Fnysical l.aborato:d.es; Expe:::-ir,1Emtal

Cookery; Culture Collection, Chrornatogra:rhy;

Inc11b3.tion; Wor}:nhops and Storeroorrn.

c) Pilot Plant Total Arca

Inc]udes : Food proc1;ssing Plnnt a..'1d }fachir.ery;

Packagine Boorr.; Boiler House; Labc:ratory;

·smokehouse, Stororoorr.s; Workshops; .?.nd

Administration.

d) Utility B,li ldi ng Total Area

Bicycle Shed; Store and Garaging.

c) Site lllfra-Stn,cture Ho:rk

L"'1clude3: :·· :ird House ; Fencing; Roads and Parki,:g

Area;:;; Transfor.r.er 2.nd Gcnera tc::c; Water

To-...rer and Covered va.j·s.

Sta.ff TT • ;,G;JS}ng

I:1cJ.udos: 10 ~oi.;.ses cnch with ::L_Tj a:r·ea c!: 120 m 2

2 liouseti e~.ch vi t.h of 250 2

2.11 area lil

582 m2

1,224 m2

1,29L r.i2

2 270 m

ANNEX 10 -Annendix l Page 3

C. Nutrition Aca.d:ul&" - Blok F. Kchyornn E3.ru, Ja1:arta

a) Feed L~b0ratcries Total Area

Includes: Focd TechnoloGY and Focd Chendstr.t

L:iboratorie3; Balance Roo:;i; \-lorksr.op

and Store.

b) Library and Audio Visual Rocm Total Area

Includes: L:i.brary; Audio Vist~al Roor.i; Display

Hall; Sto~3 ar.d Toilets.

c) Si t.e 2:nfra-- Structlire \·.'ork

Includes: Hoads &nd Paths; Standby Generator and

POi-:er House; Water Supply pump.

d) Stoff Housin3

2 Indudos: 6 Houses each with an area of 120 m

Roads and Power Supply.

---

2 284 m

·2 362 m

----------

. ..

---

CONST .RU CTI C T

_ .. __ ... .... . _Jfat1:iti.c.•rL.R~.c,:i.r..ch_o.nd J)~ye_lQ_pn: ,.D.t .. _Cen.ttI' - -· -----

_fo...Q£iJ_e.Q)1.!1Q_l.Qe:f_l2QY1;J.l _9 ~IT'g_D.t. _().en r:~----·----- ____ _

_____ .- - _H~triH.9.D .. lt9.~de_lT',Y____ ___ ______ _ L~- --·· ----.j-TOTA.L_ cc' :,fST qucTim_ -------- --=t .... -

. DRQfi'lj'C CT r,, T • T 'l<'F.~ • . . J_. __ ..;:.,.;...,_..:,.;.,1!,.i../ __ .;..,~----1---- ··----· ---· ----·--i::PH-l'SICAL--- GOiI.'.fL:.;GkJ.C~ES -- -i ----- -------- -----

1 ' TOTAL COllSTRUCTION' I .

--• --- _________________ J_ ----'----·-·· FUR't\JITURE . -- ----- ·- ·- __ ; _. _______ -------- -----·-·------

~-F_o c!i....T.e chn.o.l o_gy_DeYe.l .O ITTJa,.."1t_ ..Qe_r v.r.e ___ -., _

---·--r-Nu.triti=-il=de1"',_:-l- . ---

----------'roT.Ji.L--YUP..:.:I'.l'-U.'tE-----J-

_____ J__pR02F.SSI.Dlif.L _?..EES _ ____ _ I __ ... _______ -- ------.>-----­!

---·------ PHYSICAL_CWTTI~G;t!CIES ·-·i ------1--------,----

--- =rPT~~kF11.~!IIPm _____ -~-· ------:-·- _____ ------------

_____ _ ______ _ _ Conve:::sion rates at_ P hl5 ~.

1

JS$1. __

---r--- ---- ------------·------ .. --- ---- I

·----- -··----

---------t- ------- ----- -- I _ __ i ___________ -------- -

--------1---- ----- I

---·-·1---·

== ~--_ ,- ,, .··. _ .. .. -. I-~ .,. r= -.-~ . -·- -·-- ---------------

- - - --- - - - --- - - - ------ --- -

------ --------· ··- - ·- ··· - ... ..

____ __ · __ ----~_1.~,JO_Q __ , _2.,1.J.51-$ .. 0:

. 6 r't:. 7°0 -···- ·---- . - . - - ·- · . .. 7:-'' . 7 _ . _1,5_ 8_2_, _6?-_t:

321,783

1J66S 1ao , 4 020 J12 - ·- ·- .. . . . 1 -- • 1- -l . ... .J.

I · -- ·----·----- ______ J,.66,BLJ l-- -·4o?,Q3~--

18J,527 . ! 11)12, 23L!

-·- 2,018,800 . I li,864,)/1

- . -- . - . . . --. . - I - . . -.:... --- ------ - __ 9~.,_hJQ_ 1-· ?25, 13_?

_ _ _ --·· _____ 24.1900 __ j __ ___ 60,.COO

o.,. I ,-1

- - _ __ .J.44;2SO- I-. 347.,63(,

_ -------- ____ __ __ __ 1145,,482719 _._· il __ . __ J4,_7 ff - 38, 21:~

I

174,5S'O i . 420, 6;-'. ------· -.. 1----·-- -·---·--·~-- 1·----· - - -

...__ _____ ·-·· . -- ----·-·· ... ~ . -. ·-··· -·- · --

1 ---i---- ------r-- ----------i----- ---1--- -------

___ I -------i--- . - - I

. . 1------. ------- ·--- --- I

- --~.·---- - ·----- --- -- -- -- --- - - --- - . -· I

·----- · ·· - -- - ---- --- - --- . . j ···- .. - --· -·- ··

_____ ___ J _______ _____ __ [ ___________ _

I ' I I ·--- r--- -------4·--------- -~-

-· ·- ·- -J - -- . ·---- 1 ·-- • -.. -- - -..i . - -- -. -! -- -- . I

JNNEX 10

----- ---·----- -----·--- - --I

I Cc:1struction 820 100,GOO 100;~ ---- l- ··--·----- ------ ----- ---- --·----·- ___ 82, oco --· __ _ 19? ... s-:-::·; _

______ , .. .Tin~ II - Bicch::::r.:istry~ La orato rie ______________ _

_____ -·-· j _Construct i on ____ ---- ···--· __ l, 100 _ __ 100, 000 , __ _ 1CO% I .

__ --}ii 11g _l;r J _c. J,i PrJUY.!'11sL1'lil.od.miL _ --:--

__ __ __}. C.QD~t.ru.Gt:\.cn .J.,JJO _ zQ_,.Q_Q_Q __ _J__QO_%

l :),,nl.C•r-0 ... 1.· ,.,,,... ... to t;'--i5-'-1._· r,r:, ~-;ldi ·no-"' -----i..;:..; '·""" ->;...L_ _...,_ ........ ...l, 'b-· ..... 1*' "'-' ="-- -·-----· -----

_ __ Jsebcratory _____ ___ --1-1;;?5Q_. _5_Q,QOQ f ___ l '9!.

_____ • __ J Corr.,:: i ty JJu.±.::-' +.; aL _9.',Q._ _.J. 0.,. O.GO.l __ lQQ%

_____ l ..1ns 1.,c.llat;i...Qn~---·---- . _____ ·----·-

110 coo j 26S .Gt0 - .. -· . ·- ····- - -- - -- , _ .... _______ _ __ __ ., - - - -

I . ____________ · ___ 119, 100 ___ 2ec_,h~Ji _

62.coo - - ·---- ........ _ ··--·. ! le:'.~ L' -.,.,

. I - ., \; _, ~'-'!-,;.

I I cP .i::.-:-c

- i - - -. : ·-· .> ..... t.,,,,,. --- __ , ·--···· -···. 2B,.SOQ __ I

.. I. --............ -- . ·- --- -- ----______ J __ ...EJ.ectrical. ____ 1 _L_eu~ ·-···- --~ -._t,ir. Conditioning ---·-·-j· · ___ }9%.

' · · ... • Pl , · 6oc1 _ __ --·I- 1·,,:_,,er _ t ~ -· · t:m~ _ __ --· ·- ·· -'P.

I . . I ---------~-.Go..s..___________ ----l'-SD%.-_____ I_ __ OthGr _Items_____ _ ----·-- ___ _50%

I . . . I -- . --··---r::.:;.xe(~.F\lj'n.J.tu::::-e-------- -·----- r ~ -e- -- Laborat.o:r..r-------- ------- --- - ·· - ---- --

- __ _ Jro·r~t::::mtC~CtJ m :;;;s1ir1<!.L..'_TIC,S ------l--___ ·

?rof c:-ssic:nal Fees at 101 l l --- - - F'r~'rsica.: Contin~enc::.e.'.3:.:::ta".:. ko% ------- ----· ----·-------·-·- ,r· ""'T···S ,.,I•"''T~.:'TE:. -- l ,jT p-,J--"··- ----- ------·-___ L.Q_..,_..., __ V -~--· ,.G.. B..~~J..D-.,L' ['-- • ----- - ·----

· --·- -------- · -- -·-· ______ J _ _ _ _

---- ------------- - 1------ -----

---=-~: =~-~-~~~ ~~-~-::~~ =-=--=~~-~-~-=+~~- -~r-~~---____ --·-·-- - - -- I --i--·,---· . ·------1------------· ----- 1---t--~~~-1 ____ ----------- -·----··-· ------1---_

l ------- ------~---! I I

0 oc1 20 oon I 1 6f- £., 7 ·~ __ l_--.&... /'l---· ·· ·-·- , . V. - -- I__.. ~.,_-c;:;i .. I j +--19~. __ ... ___ 45.i QOQ _____ -J-1.c:J ._~_.:}~ ..

I

. I ..... _Jto% ____ · ! ·· .. 2-1.,.000_ ·- --}----6.5 ,.r:.:,s~ ..

I c:' ('cl 1 8 coo i 1:: 277 1----.;i..u,a.. ___ i ____ :,..:. _____ l ______ . ,. -....

'-~-5~ ~t~:~::::~ -_i- -:~::::~ . I __ _______ J __ lli , COO .. ___ l.__ 3]. ?~5_

1 I --- I .l _________ i __ 61~ ,~0? _____ 1~14?],'))l _

_ ! __ ________ . __ j. ___ §J,. , J/..Q ... ,-l - 1.-117., 2I7_

I 67 .2~2 ! 162.~~L -- -----------, . -~------ ,------1 f

--------·- __ ! ___ 73? ~ 552 ___ __ \ 1,.7.62), -:-s·2_ . I I·-~-~ - I l ·---------1------· ---1--,-------

----··--l·- ------------- ~----·- ··--· I · I ------··-·-·: ·- ····---····-·-· - ·1 ·-····--- -- --! ! -- j . l ..

--------·-· ~ ----- ----------1---------1 !

------- · __ L ____ --· ·---- ----- ·- ·-I i _ __________ [ _______ _ ___ !._ ________ _ I I

1---------1------·-·-- ·l ·-·--·--·

_'-'~. -. ,:- ,1

,_, , - ,· .... :.': ,r; . .. /~:::.~_;.~: ~\. . ~' ~,~~~-~·~.~:--2.;.:(~~: t: c:: P::o n r a;n ANNEX 1-0 · , ,. _ _ J _l,, ,\ , . ) _. ,_"'-' · ' l ' •• LJ L~ · - ·~ ,J .. . J . .... , , ,_,,_ ,,., l v._,l , v ,) Aopendi.x 3 · Page 2 ', ------ ----------- ,--- ------- -r I Forefo .~ Tot c:. l - l "'o '-~1

J _, . l - \.I.-- ~

I I t::: ::i I'1i...'1th R.:i 't:."'2

/ · Loc ;1:!. c o s ts cost s f c cs-: s I ccs'-~ ' , I . , ._.., -1 ar~.:i t·i'- "'

11 ( ;{;:: .' OJ·J) ( !':2 . ' 000 ) i~l'p .' 000 ) t.iS S ______ j __ I

ls:1 t~ I 1!·~ra StY1i c t11re r -·---- T ----·-~--------i .. ------ . -------- . -- ---- }--

iF:;:en:enc·r Generator (12s "f..VA) JO% 70% i J.S~ooo J6,1.LS

__ __ __ i.~owe:_Jfo~_e _____ - --. _ ·_s.5 _e-9Q_,_OC0 _1' -- lOC_%_ ----'--'---·t ___ -2)_ !.:_o_o _ _ ~:1·~~:;~,--;~-'~~-. -----1:::enci-i~c-__ _:-___ -- . ------ -- . - ------ -. __ _ 100~ I 7 coo \

1 12 C7? t b . .'- --------·-1··-----,.;2. ·· ·- --- --· ---= ---'-------

------- _ l Tio c.ds . & Parking-- -------- ------ ------ _ ___ 100% . _ .. . ____ _____ ___ lJ_,_2.QO __ .. _ _ __ _ JJ/307_

·--- .1iJridae ....:.•·--····----- ---1----- - ---- --~Q.QJ; I , 9,000 ___ _ , __ --3.L_c.S? ' I O r- I

r'.LOTJI"------ . G= ____ _____ _ -- ---- ------4--~-~l-~-q_~- -_____ 1-_2_0~_CCC

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- --• . __ Tfoys ic.:,.l . Contingenc.ie.s. __ a + .l0%______ ______ _ _ ________ _ ---- ----+ ___ 5, l.i 7B ! __ _ll,J r•:: I • t I

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1 -_,_,_. o .. 0

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--- --- l-Pr ofess-i on&l---Fees--at--10%-- ---- •-----?t- ------- ______ [__ _ 4,600_ -l--ll,_Cfc4

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_____ _

____ .... _Office _&_ L,~b .F\:rniturc __________________ _L _ __ _

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ANNEX 10 PJC~:1.:'.Yl(Cont.) , J _, . -_1_ AgpE£nqix J

roreig.. io--"-.._ Rzl tr3/ - Loc2'.l cos s costs j costs

tr (~:?,'000) (Rp.'COO) j(~p.'C.'.::'J) ---;-----+------+- _J_____ ___ _

I SU~·1,11\RY ------------ ------------- I ____ _

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costs

j L'S$

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---·-·j- :COrmit.o.r-ieS--- -- ----·-- ··----- -- --- - -· - - . ----- ----L6.,.f8!)()_ __ -· · ---1:lD,oL}.

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______ ti z!'_Qfe_~~tgr:{l Fse~s at 1=_Q?~ , . ---- E_J__ 87 > 1310 --- ~2ll_,.590 _

_______ _ _f0ysi~.s_1 _g_~g!,~~encies a _ _19_;£____ _____ _ _____ 96. 591 . 232. 7h9 _

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P -:: c n r a.:n ANNEX 10 --------- Apoendix L. Page 1

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____ L--EleG-t~i.city -- ----··-- ---···--- ___ ...100%

__________ L_.1,fat1Jr __ &_f'..lu_F1bing ________________________ , __ 7

__ 100% .. ... .. _______ _________ .. SO.Q _____ ____ :__.:-20;'. ___

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-·-· ·-f.rrcfe_sc.i coa:.._;,:cc:ucLl_Q~J---- ______ ___ _____ _l _______ 1 ____ J,ll16.. _____ . _ _ 7 ,_S32.. __

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. ____ .. yor _•L .fOQD LNJPfl.."1'.QllJ:~~--1nw=s 1

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11

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____ _ .1.sco _______ J,6J); __

______ , _txQ~.e...'3.s.ic..rsl_E.e.cs ?t 'n,t...JI____ ______ ___________ _ ________ --3-,uss. ---l--s\2:c ! P-n, ·~ .; c., 1 ..C .,., ... .; ~~,mcio.s- - ... 1 01 - ----------1----1-! 2L!J - - -- !- ::.~:,?. 2S -------1 · M,:~~~;;_:-,:~ .. :,~LDffC~r ,~- ---1---- . ---i-- !i?_, 68L _J_).l2, hi'L ,

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~:, __ .,..·:3-::'I~--: ! .'.=·-~-=-~·':!. ( 0 -~- ~ \ Anpendix L. .l'age 2 .. ··1· - --.--- ---- -,;•,,. ,u.1 ~-~----1-··-·· ... --1·· I· I Fo:-cig·!~ 7vt.::l I ·:~.'

I le.":l 1 PlL"1tn . ?-a.t~/ • Loc.'l l c c,sts costs l ccst.s j c 2.· : _.

----' SiLe I nfre -S• ,-~ctm - a::_~ J M' 1-=~-' 0:0) I :9~_::_' ( ?~ ' oco) -=i c: ; --- . _

1 Ibacis_ & Paths ________ -----~ ------1- __ 100% ____ · ____ 2..1...C2_C__Q__ -_ I__J., r)

_..:_ _____ -S.t:.rns::b:r-_G-B.:1.~.r~:._o:___=,.:::o.._ ?oi-;•: r__Hcu SEL.. ______

1

__ -__ 20% 80"' 6 200 lL, ( 1 •

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-- ]mp, j:.'.,r~Lic:Il1·:;-. C Tr.,.~.:'!:'-·/:e_~.~--'_~_.·.~-·-,=..-.,:~_ .. 8l.Bt.J!_1oi · 1,·--- . 1, J. 77 2. ~~: ·" ~ ~ -. :. ,· - ,.-,· . _l ____ ______ 12)0, L7 ·-· .. - ., ---J1._-_1(/------- ..=-l.L. - .__,__ . ""'--..--,-.c.-,,LJ . ·1~-:--- ·-1·------- -. l ~----- -- i ·-----·- -----. - . .Stz,.ff Hou sin__:: ----- -l- -- -1---- -j-------L- -- ----- i- - - ·

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.:. _____ ___ J..l':c.0.f.~.s.s.im::.G~~e-5.,<: at __ 10% 1

_____ J __________ J ____ 5J280 ----~--12, _7:·:· ' I I •

: _______ _ Jnvsical Com:5.:--.g~:-.r:ie.:3 __ 1:!fl.0% -+·--- _______ J ____ ?_·8~~ _____ _ , ___ J J. 9~:= . ----- TC11.AL. STPJ7F !-:·:,trsn;w- i O j I 63 888 I 153 C· 1·.

-· -- ----- · - ·· rurnHu~ -- ----- __ T_-. --- ----. - -----. - ----- ______ ! ___ _,_ ...... Lr ; / -

- ·1 · ---- ---- - -_--_-_-___ -__ l ___ ?_r' __ ,_9_0/9~ ---__ -·f, ·--~-~_,_s~---~--- ------ . J'urni ture_fc.c .hc_th t>uH!'i/,g!l_ __ :_. _______ _j_ - I·- - /_ , . . :. : ______ ..Prof.es~i o,,,3,:_ ?'c,es_ at__J.G~J --~-------J________ ! ·2,5c6 l 6, ?::: I - -----1 ··- -~.J-~ ... ___ ]--/: ~-

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1-----t -----~ ) · ----1 --- (), ·~:

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:;u~ ::_·i~io n A.\INEX 10 Appendix 4 Page 3

--~ Iti-:-,,. · - --·· 1:P-li:r:-.t~--l~--,1 · ."•"~--t-~.1·/··-~r I Fo reic_;il To t a l J Total j ~d • , = ~ j LQcal c o~~ ~ cos t s ll c os ts ccs tH f are:a tr :-1 ( Fp. '00 0) ' (,:_? , 'CO O) ( ?-p . 'OCO) I us~ I ------1· --- - ·,----------· j

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Li bra!Y.. and Audio Vi sua. _Rocm __ _ --- - ---

--------------_____ ..., __ J _ljJfQ ___ -15_,_6.QL ...

_____ }~.5BQ ____ __ _

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---·-· · B.taf..LHou.s.inG ----- -- ·----+------

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______ f:rL,.:ession:,J. Fees a~~())----- __ _

___ _ . -~~nyeical _ Coct ingencies_ a, 10% _ ______ _

------ ..T.OJAL __ mrr:rJ-litirI~L~CR Hl'...'22.,~ TI_GLJ\CA J2:;:cr__ _ _ ... _ · ------- _ l6L5c3 _ _J S.?,357 .

----- ··- ..... ··----· - ---------- ----- ------ -----, 1'\n·ni ture

----1-Furniture Cons':.ructionj ____ , ____ 0_, ___ _

·------ G1.·~f-~~_:-;i....9..na_L. . .Fsi.~..s .. s-.L.l.Q, _____ 1 _________ _

I i'hv:::ical Co,.t:i r:aencies a1l 1ut - .---· ___ . ..:...:.l.2__ r---'----·--·--

-----~-TOTAI., FiJF2HTliP~ FOR_ Ht~R.:.TIGl _ AC.' Il .EI.:Y ___ _____ _

--- -- ----!-------- ·__ I

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___ _ ______ 1

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2, 85,i ___ ---· 6, Eco __

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•

_IJ·~~_,_,:-_.S_I_A __ r!.·0:=-io~ed !~d tr:. l: ic:i P!-C\Tl."ill:1 ANNEX 10 _: F(l()_:?. '1'£.-:::.~(;,.0",Y r:....:·. ~f"i::~~:::- c;.~:L:;;i , ___ . .\..uoendix 5 .?age 1

I Civ:l \·Jc,·-:rs C:-:~nnr;,_,r.'-. . -- -· - ·-1 l Foreig~ ':'otal. - J Tot.:.::.

-:i_ 1.sm Pl!.nth? J Ra.t:l Loc.:tl cos~:; costs I costs I costs ___ area M·- H (F..p. 'QC·J) J (r:.p. '000) (:2p. '000) __ i l'~:__

. j 1'o~;:; RE'~S_E_D -~T~~:!_E.: _ _21 -=~-"7._S~n _!?_'.1..·_1:-qJGS (Oct. 1~75) _____________ I --~--· _.:..._ ______ l Adrninistr:1tion Bldp.:. __ ______ _ _____ . L -----L-QQD;J.tn1ction c;a~_ -~000 ____ 100 ___ h_M§_Q_ __ ~1--~~~~:1_s;_

j InstalJations: ----1-·----------·--- ---- - ·--·-·-- -- ·-- ·---

-------1---a) __ Electrical _________________________ ·----·-- ?o

------1-~l_J_l_at~~-§~_P_l_u_;nbj.~---->-:--;----!-------t---·-_80

:r C) A-i - 0 J•·di.i-i '"'n" ,...,7 _______ __. ______ 30 ----·--· - -'l.....l...L.- \~· J. ~---t:1-

L Fixed F\J::-:1:i ture 100 ---··-, -------------- ·- --

----t-!~~-:~:~~::n::e:0:: lOL_ _ j__--------1 Total Admj nis trnti ve ls; i }dine, I - ---- +---- r= -==fo~;n~:-:-~:~:~1:'.~l'~ori~s 1,224 -~00 I 100

---~--I_ns_!,_~l_}_§l_t_i_o_~:_ ------'--·--·-·- __ I ! ---· ---1---1;_)_ El~~-t.1:i~---- ------ ___ 80

-e-- -b_) Water-&-Pl!:i-rnhl-.-i~--~----- -- ----1-----....8..o

____ ___J __ c Y ~~ir Ccndi tioninz__• f------ ____ _ ------- 1--d) Gas _______ ___,-----t-------+---~DO

-- -=-~-6 }-1i-f-t-----------, ---- __ _10

Laboratc17 F\1rni ture I 100

1 TOTP.L CaiS':'.'RUCTICJ & 11rn+ALLATIC~ ----t-'- ---f----- I __ _.__ __ _ I Professional Fees at 10{! · t"---

___ T l'nysica .. Cootincencies •f 10% i'-------~ __ ·-___ ].:rm. L...I'.C.Qil.....'BSEIRCJl .LAllOJU,1'C?.L'.S _

1 __ _

------!----------------+----- ----- --·--· --------,--·-·------------·r l= -----,-·----- - : ---- ,---____________________ , ______ . --

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20

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1

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7,500 I 13,07~1 - --·· -.. ··1--=--~--74, 060 I 11s,~5t

--·------· ·· --- ·-. --- --- ··- --7 406 17 Eh5

- ------ ·-- ____ J_ __ - - - -- • -- - - --- ' · - -

8 lh6 ·-·-·- ·-· ---- ·-·~'-- .. - 19.6Jr

------_ 89, 61~_ --J--_? __ l_~_. ~3,

--~~ ---=----~----L~_---···-i-----~------------ - - · ·- - --· -

20 ·ooo 16 E6~ --------~-#-- ------ ----- ___ ., ·- .. 1

---L-o__ --. -~'LQQ_O ___ -- _ __ _16. P-6c

+-----'~OC--t----=2"-'- . 000 _ _ --r--- 60 ~? !_, -_

___ _, ___ l.Q,Dna _1 ___ 2Li ,C~:. .

.-..--~~Q _____ 2.Q~.QQQ ______ \8,-J :-'3

_1_8_LQQ_n_Q _ _......0 -:Jsb_:7;_

I 209. uCQ_ --L--5-.9-1:w 5-] _

2.Q,-91.uL_j~--5 0-1-~ [; _

________ ? .... J .... _o_Ju _ _ j_ S5,~:::;; I

---- -- 253,37!. I r.. 1 c, ( -:. -: . - ___ __., ) /.,,

----+------- -- ---- -------

_________ J

____ L ____ -----F---_ -----··-

. __ , __ !_ ____ __ _ __ - .

. _It_~ r_xt ~ ~.s __ L_1'. __ r_r_o.....,:10 s ~ d .Ai'llJEX 1 0 -

Appendix 5 ~iu tr j t: ion P::-c,c: r .:im

-- I .. ··-· -·- ---··-----· -1 ---1:Plinth- - i - Rat.

2/-Ibr.1 Local

i ..:rca M2

r M ( Rp . 'O O =t Pi lot ?lant >--

_. _ __gg_!:~_!,-~ ction . ___ ],.J 29h _ _ _.25_, 000

1 . ~Jnstal Ja<;i ens -- l

.a-1-Elo.c.tri-ea.J,._ _____ I _ 80 r----- -·-

__ ---1-:; :::er0 .. Steam_&_Pl;rnl!ing ._80

100

• T aharatn.>.y_.Ihnitnro i --

-100. i

TOTAL CO!:STf-,UCTIW & H!ST,AI.LL6.TICT •S - t-

. t , "' . ., ,-, d

----- Pro1ess1ona.1. rees at 10,o 1 - --------- ----- -------1 ----J_nysical Ccmt,J_!1b£!1cies a,Y 10% -I ~--- TO'~l.L PitOJ' ?IA:J'!' BUILDI11GS ·-r _,... ____

I Ut.iljty Building I

' Con.structi or,

l 270 50,000 100 I ' - ------ I Instal]ations 100

. -(

·--- w'_QT.LL_Q__QXSTRUCTIC:! e .. ,

DIS1lLL.~TlON:': I

----- _J:r.o£'.essic.ual_.Ec 0 s at . ...io;::+-._ lJ'hys i.c aLCQD...t in.ge.n.ci.f'_,_s__a,_ tL.lQ~--~-

' ~T.OTA.1 _U_TI.LI'1'LB1Il1l)_Ilm i .

'-----

i .

. -In.fr.J.___st;-i.;__e.i:JLL J . -~ . '

..c.GlJ a~II-cus e-------1 0 _____ 50_ ._ ____ lQO

_feI!cing 100 .

R , (.{_ Pa!"king_ 100 __ .• oaos

I --

PT 11--1.!: ili"'l.S .L0 :::' .m.e ,... ?n -I

_150 !

?n -- YVA G 0 ncr...a. t .Qr i - .

I

--Wa.;,e r--.'.l'cwB r- .& S ~ I l.CO ---- t PP-J.Y----~---·--- --l

- ---Co v&FB<l Cc~rid~~-.-I __ _)J.6_ __ ___ _J_Q__ _ ____ lQO •

I I I ':'OTAL J -----r- ---------, -i--------, _____ tFro.:\::3:,i()1 ::,1 fPAS at lOf, 1 ____ L __ I ___ _

; i · .. -..- ·' .. 1 ..... r- _._ ~ - n r. • c- r J~~ I . <I I _____ 111_, .. r.d_ C _. ,J ng_ .. . cJ_ . .., a,~_ .. C,, -J----

-- I .... ..-v:,n -;·tn:-P.\ :.':nuc:·:-ur:1.; I I

Page 2

F . -,-

orc.i..g;-; Tot.J.l I J cos s costs o) fcF.9.'000)

costs I Tot2.l costs

USS (Fp. '000)

--+------1 ------- ----,-

1---------.:--=122, 9---"3'-0 __ ,,_25_2..i__2_J}_

--+-----' ---·--.____J_Q_ ---- --- _7_, 000 -- _J6.l.85]__

__ ... 2.Q _______ _ 8_,_QOO ___ _ l9.,.?1I_

7 soo 18 0:2 _____ ....__ __ c.l.., ______ ------~ -

------- lQ, 000 ·- 2l.t, 0;-7

155,430 , 374,_S30 -t-------+---1-5·,-5_4_3_ ---r-;~45.3 _..__ _____ ________ l ____ ----C..---·- -- 17' 097 1 41.1::'/3

--·----- ___ _ _____ 188,070 __ h53,lRl _

I - -----------r--------~ __ 13, 500-1- 3-2.,8.~

-t--·----i--.... 1.i..:. .s;....o_o~ l --~~ _ _ ----t----'1=5.LQ_Q_O ______ t __ 3~, llct5.

1,500 l 3,624 _____ ___,__ __ - ··--.-·-- --

-+-------1- _l, 650 j _1;__976

i

Rn

.AllliEX 10 ..__. . _ _ Appendix j

II -·--·-··--· ··-1···-----·-·r----- -1· · 1 Forefor To,al Page 3

'!';_,t :-. 1 I tr!'.'. Plir. th., . ?.a t9/ L:--cal co s-.:.s costs J cc.sts

___ .. _·_J ____________ i-_a_r_e_a_?r }~- (Lp. '000) (:i,:~ . 'OOO ) (F.p. 'QOCi

_____ ! Sta:f Hous:.:,r;________ _____ _ .. ____ --------------1--~----·-... _ - ___ _J 10 Houses (].20m

2 _each) 1,100_ 65,._000 ________ 100_ ___:7_8_,_ooo~--

-t2-JJous£Bj25e,L,,ru;b.]_ ___5.90__ _ 65- , CQQ. _l 00

. --- ,-1,CCF....s.S-P..o..'.ld ----- .. .... ____ 1._ ___ lQO

-----~-- 3_Ll)O · ____ 7_Lll).

1 "'lee ... ~1· ~1· +" "'e""~cs r.

----- --· '"'"'-' l.JJ. - ""'./ -,--.J.. -!L-- - lL-- ··----·-- - ·. · - - -- - . .

I:--~-T::::::_ ___ ±~~ ---- _ Prc;,j'essiC':srtl Fees at 10,t.

I • k ,---. _1_~:~:l Conti~encies 11:=-- -----r -=r--I --f- -···· - ·-- ... i---- -----· ---

J 10., 000 ______ _ 21t.096

128,800 310,351 ·-- -· ~--- ·---- --·--- --~-

12 680 .-;1 o~~ ----- --- ·'~--- -- _ _,,_) _ .,,/ .

_ __ · __ J___ 11.i, 168 31.i, 13 s~. ____ _t ~25, Sh~

I Fu:r·ni ture i I

·- ,_ __ h1rr,j ture J - 10 i

o ------1 _ _&_~o __ J· ___ 6_Q_ •. oc_~

L I O h90 I 6 CC'. _L ______ I_ .--J...,___ __ __j _ __ +- -·· --I

u.... o:::.e.s.s in.naJ.....£e.,, s at l (:J!

~,1-;fS-i c..1.~;;.~~~ c;. es I

1rd ,:-"-I

I TC'l'AL }C'\l_EUITl8S I

-

I -t----·-· ·- ·---------

-~----- . - .__J_

---

----1-L-

-- ·-----

-

-­·---J _____

I -· i I

I I I

I

-------- .

I

~--·

I ..

I

----- ----

------ -----

-------l----- L ___ 1I ___ _ L __

----~--- }.__ ___ . j ____ _ . t l \

1 ? i'l.9--l-- _6 _6C0

f 30,129 _. f -· 72, 6cc ------4-

J. __ ____,J=--=-~ t==

1

--- =i _ ---1---=~ I ---- ---1- ------~t :-~ ~-~

I i _ _____ ,._J--------,1 - -----

1 I

ANNEX 10 -' · -

1

.Anpendix 5 Page 4 -···_l_.__ ..... ··;·~~-- ____ .. _,, ____ ... I ~~:fot~-· r-~-~;/ .. T Lo2.1l c~s t S :~::!g co!~:al ! c!~~~l

l area ?-l M ( Rp . ' 000) ( Rp. ' 000) ( Rp . '000 ) t;S$ ----, ·----------~ -j-------+-------4---~-

su~:;;.:AR.Y . ----·--·-- . ------1------~--- ------ - ·-- --------

-----+'-C,O!JSTRTJCT..;:;I;,...;,0..;..N _________ ~-- ----· ________ ,___ ________ _

------ _ _ Ad1;i) D . Bui] cb.~~-O""'G""S..__ ___ ----- ----- ----· 7~060 J78 . l,S~-- ------ - ·----· ·- ----

Food Research Laborator es ----~---- -------- -------~---

Pilot Plant 155,430 37!.i,SJc -----·--- -· -· -·---------- ·--- ·------ - - . - ·--- -- ----I--· .....

____ Uti l it)r. :2-J.ilci.iQ_g_ ___ J_.

Ilnfr. a.-St..":'..~::. c.uur>---- _____ _ .___ ___ -·---- __

St.:i.ff Ifo'us in£! --- -- -- _____ ,__ ___ ----·

·-- __ ...,___ 1S,_ooo ______ _36,1L5 _

. 7.1. 100 . ·- --·--·--·· - --· .LJ- , . ... .. -· -

12o.,8CO JiC;,36~ ----,----· ... - --- -- __ ,, _ _ .... .

_T.QT!:.1_c_ql:_G_T~c11c_:r ____ ..._______ ______ _______ L 656,790 15S82, 62s

------- Professicn2.l __ Fees . .s.t lQ;; ------ -----~------- -- - l .65, 679 l :,c, 2c2

----+--Pbysic_al_Con.ting_encie s a[l_Q;& __ _l_____ . -=- -1- _ 72,2 li6 1 17L.C32 .

-----TOC;,JJ3DILDrnGs FOR F.QQD.1. TECHllO'l GY AND nJfELO!'};ENT c E_<'TEl! _______ I_ 79L , 715 il,flh 1976 _

FumnTu:m _______________ ._____ _L_=_:1. -~-[-=~=--: ' I I

.Eo=iiurn Consiz:lltli.o.nJ r-=r~~ 900 §.o.) OCQ_ _

----+---.io.JOcJ:essi.cnaL}'ae.'Lat..llf-. I ... __ ,._ .... 1

.... __ __2, ~ ~Q-~~ ~-~~ __ §, QCO _

______ .Eh;t~:;icrrl Ccntingencictlt 10:& i · 2,73 9 6,6CO

• -~O~L~~JiI~~~~:DD±Q! ~~-nJ~~T C CTITER 30,~2?~ -~!:~~:~ , -- - ---- ---

c -.----~t~+~R--~lc -u~-,;,.~,1-.-~-~--

onver~icn ra es a v p ~ ~ = u. ----1--------------------~----1------~----

-'----·-----·-+-------- -- t---·-- ---- -

-----~,-------------

I

------1------------------ - ··--- . --------- ------ ·- ·--·-- -· - - ---- - ---

--- - ---- --+------ --------

- - ·--- --------· ---- ----- ---

.. · _ . _ .. . . -l I I

---- l---------~--1- -- f-----r-· --·- - -.

Table 1

Table 2

Table J

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

INDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Project Cost Estima.tas

ANNEX 11

Center for Research and Development in Nutrition

Food Technology Development Center

Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project in Rural Areas

Nutrition Education

Nutrition Manpower Tra:ining

Organization and Management

Details of Salary Support for Project Director and Staff

Details or Technical Assistance for Organization and Management

e e INDONESIA. NUTRITION DEVELO PMhlIT PROJECT: CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NUTRITION

$ '000

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Local Foreign Total -- -A. Construction

1 Civil Works )86 l,150 1,337 1,724 1,149 2,873 2 Furniture and Equipment 121 151 272 272

Sub-Total A 386 1,271 1,488 1,996 1,149 3,145

B. Non-Construction 1 Equipment a . Vehicles 20 75 70 15 150 165 b. Special Equipment 100 302 208 62 221 613

Sub-Total Bl 20 175 375 208 77 701 778

2 Technical Assjstance a. Advisors/Consultants 35 35 35 35 140 140 b. Fellowships 86 95 93 74 57 291 3h8

Sub-Total B2 121 130 128 109 57 431 488

3 Incremental 0Eerating Costs a. Salaries 100 200 250 250 800 800 b, Books and Journals 50 50 50 50 25 175 200 c. Other Costs 20 ~o 120 200 ~22 22 ~,20

Sub-Total BJ 200 JOO 450 500 1,250 200 l,li50

Sub-Total B 341 605 953 817 1,384 1,332 2,716

TOTAL BASE COSTS (A+B) 721 1 2876 2 2441 817 ·= _.J.i.}80 2i~81 ~1861

e e INOONESIA NUTRI'l'ION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: FOOD TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTER

$ 1000

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Local Foreigp Total

A. Civil Works 1 Construction 210 700 1,195 1,263 842 2,105 2 Furniture JO 43 13 13

Sub-Total A 210 730 1,238 1,336 842 2,178

D. Non-Construction 1 Equipment a. Vehicles 20 26 4 42 46 b. Special Equipment 100 JOO 1 2000 200 160 11440 1 1600

Sub-Total Bl 100 320 1,026 200 164 1,482 1,646

2 Technical Assistance a. Advisors/Consultants 49 108 166 111 26 408 434 l;>. Fellowships 75 101 71 40 135 152 287

Sub-Total B2 124 209 237 151 161 560 721

3 Incremental OQerating Costs a. Salaries 25 46 133 176 )80 380 b. Books and Journals 10 40 50 100 100 c. Other Costs 25 125 120 200 400 100 500

Sub-Total BJ 60 211 333 376 780 200 980

Sub-Total B 284 740 1,596 727 1,105 2,242 3,347

TOTAL BASE-COS TS 494 1 2470 2 2834 727 22441 32084 22225

INDONESIA NUTH.ITION DiVELOPMEN'l' PHOJ.1'.:C'I'

Nutrition Intervention Pilot Project in Rural Area s

lfS:p 000 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year L1 Local Foreien Total

A. Civil tJo1·ks 1. Construe tion of village} 11 ?3

nutrition centers 54 70 18 88

B. Mon -Construction 1. Equirmen t

a . Vehicles 57 58 90 40 165 205 b . Special equiprn~nt 31 117 78 56 100 1 ;:6 Jub-Total l3( 1 ) 88 105 1 b8 96 2t;;g .361

2. Technical Assistance a. Consultants 50 75 75 60 1 J,o 200 b . Fellows hips 10 12 22 22 Sub-Tota l B( 2) ~ 87 7j t>O 1 t>2 222

3 . Food StpJil~nnEmt 26 85 196 307 307

Li • Ope1·atj ng l;osts --------- 35 8'( a . 0alary ::mpport 1 1 170 303 303 b . Hutri Lion education 32 38 75 75 220 220 tJ. Health activitj 8[:; 18 52 102 37 135 172 d . ~Jo1·ksl10ps/ sernina c 1;; 20 2;, 15 75 '(5

o . Transpo1·L/travel 18 20 60 72 153 17 170 f. Evaluation 20 30 85 85 220 220 ~- 1'rainin[: JO 87 185 57 359 359 h. other expen::;es 1~ 15 20 L,o 90 90 Sub- Total B(L1) ITi1 203 gn9 b1b 1 4j7 1 ;2 1, 609 0ub-Totnl 13 289 455 832 616 1,920 579 2,499

Total Aase Costs 289 li66 8r;i5 670 1,990 597 2~587 - t-:J :,. -. lb ""' o· ~ I-' ~ CD

\.A) ~

L

~ ----

e I•

·nrnoHESH. NU'l'EITION DEVZLOFHEN'.!.' PROJECT: NUTRITION EDUCATION

Year 1 Ye::i.r 2 Year 3 Ye::i.r h Local _Foroirn 'fot.1 l ·--1 Equ-=-[::!._C nt

1 Vehicles 10 40 20 30 so 2 Spc~ial Equipment 15 20 8 27, 1::.' - ,,,

Sub-Total 1 2'.) 0 25 -57 BT ') Technj c&l A:3sistance ....

1 Ad.vi~urs / h1 47 12 36 70 1 c5 0

2 Fellowships 10 10 20 20 Suh-Tot:il 2 i I.) 51 ---i77 1 JD 90 T~;-7

J Ir.~r f; tr1:=! nla 1 0Eora Ung Costs 1

--·- ------ 25 y' 45 45 150 150 Sa l&. r·ies . :J

2 ;1:13 S l·!ed i a 20 25 25 JO so 20 1 OCJ 3 & 'J.c0 ticn1l 11a teri .:-1l 50 so so 50 150 50 200 .' h [;3.seline Survey/Evaluation 5 5 5 7 22 22 5 Train ng 15 30 30 20 95 9:; 6 Travel an:l Per Diem 20 20 30 30 100 10G 7 Oth9r Exp.snses 20 30 50 50 1 )0 , c.: r~

I ~ U

Sub-Tctal 3 -,~5 -i 9S 2J5 232 '?L1 ( 70 S''f7-

Total Base Costs 196 306 282 244 811 217 1 , C.28

l

e e INOONESU. NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT: MANPOWER TRAIN1NG

$ 1000

I. Nutrition Academy Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Local Foreign Total -A. Civil Works

1 Cons traction 50 280 98 257 171 428 2 Furniture 36 ~o 16 16

Sub-Total A so 316 138 333 171 504

B. Non-Construction 1 EguiEmcnt a. Vehicles 20 26 1) JJ 46 b. Special Equipment 80 JO 22 88 110

Sub-Total Bl 20 106 JO 35 121 156

2 Technical Assistance a. Staff Fellowships 30 48 44 22 16 128 144 b. Student-Fellowships 67 67 91 91 316 316

Sub-Total B2 97 115 135 113 332 128 460

3 OEerating Costs a. Salaries 50 60 70 80 260 260 b. Other costs 7 13 20 22 65 62

Sub-Total BJ 57 73 90 lOS 325 325

Sub-Total B 174 294 255 218 692 249 941

'l'OTAL BASE COSTS 224 610 393 218 1 0~2 420 1,492

II. Assistance to A.E.T.E. JO 40 80 109 248 11 259

INDONESIA NUTRITION DEVELO~NT PROJECT - Organization and Managemen~ .-US$ 1 000

Year 1 Year 2 Year ) Year g Local Foreign Total

A. Project Directorate

1. Technical Assistance

a. Consultants/Advisors 21 80 175 160 156 280 436

b. Fellowships 8 22 22 ~2 52 Sub-Total 1. 29 102 197 160 156 3)2 488

2. Operating Costs

a. Salary Support 38 38 38 42 156 156

b. Travel and Per Diem 6 7 8 10 31 31

c. Evaluation so 80 80 140 280 70 350

d. Other Costs 6 6 6 6 24 24 Sub-Total 2. 100 131 132 198 491 70 561

'l'otal Base Costs for A. 129 233 329 358 6ll7 402 1,049

B. Nutrition Unit in Agri.culture Ministry

1. Technical Assistance

a. Consul tan ts 35 70 35 140 lhO .... ) i ~ 2. Operating Costs I-' ~ (l)

CJ'- I-'

a. Travel 4 s 6 6 20 20 I-'

b. 0 tl,0r Opera ting Cos ts _ _i_ s 20 20 - -Lo 9 10 11 11 40

Total Base Costs for I3. 9 l 5 81 46 40 140 180

• INOONESIA NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Details of Salary Support for Project Director and Staff

Monthly US$,OOO Hnte Number Year l Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total

Project DirecLor/Co-Direct.or $ 75 3 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 10.8

Secretariat K:ecuLive Secretary $350 1 l-1. 2 4.2 4.2 4.2 16.8

Deputy Executive Secretary $250 1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0

Finance Off:i cer $250 1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0

Procurement Officer $250 J. 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 12.0

Staff Support 2.2 2.2 2.2 2. 2 8.8

Sub-Total (Secretariat) 15.h 15.4 15.J.i 15.4 61.6

Monitoring and Eval ua ti on

Senior Analyst/Planner $300 2 7.2 7.2 7.2 10.8 32.4

Research Assistants $200 4 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 38.4

Support Staff 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.5 12.8

Sub-Total (Monitoring and Eval11ation) 19.9 19.9 19.9 23.9 8J.6

Total for Project Dj rector and Staff 38.0 38.0 38.0 L2.o 156.o

t-:l :i.• p, ~ a' ~ t--' (l) >~

-' -.J -'

AHHEX 11

!able 8

IJOONESIA NUTillTION DE !ELOPHENT P:tOJECT

Details of Technical Assistance for Organization and =1anagement

Consultancies

Project Director

Project AdYisor

?lanning Consultant

Procurement 2xpert

!fatri tion Unit

Nutrition Sconornist

Food a.~d Nutrition Pla...rmer

Vata Analysis a..~d Design of Su...-veys

No . of man-months

24

24

12

60

12

12

12

36

Out of US,iiJ50, 000 proyided for evaluation, US8250, 000 is for studies which wou2.d be done mostly through contracts ,ri1:,h experts in ur.iversities, and other similar instituT.ions . U3~1 00,000 is for monitoring an:i evaluation . ?art of this would be used for con1:,ract­ing outside consultants .

1977

1978

1• 1979

1980

1981

1982

INOONESIA NUTRITION DSTILOPMSNT PROJECT

Disbu:-sement Schedule US$ '000

Disbursements Quarter Ending During ~uarter

June 30 Sept. 30 48 Dec. 31 96

March 31 192 June 30 148 Sept. 30 250 Dec. 31 350

March 31 800 June 30 508 Sept. 30 1100 Dec. 31 1100

March 31 1100 June 30 873 Sept. 30 1200 Dec. 31 1200

Ma:::-ch 31 1200 June .30 607 Sept. 30 800 Dec. 31 1100

March 31 328

ANNEX 12

Cunrulative Disbursements

48 11.ili

336 48h 734

108u

1684 2392 3492 h592

5692 6565 7765 8965

10165 10772 11572 12672

13000

_J