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Fokusgrupp Informationshantering och Digitalisering Behovet av
interoperabilitet och öppna standarder i byggsektorn– integration
av BIM och GIS ur ett livscykelperspektiv
Väino TarandiProfessor, KTH
Årskonferens 2017 - Centrum för Byggeffektivitet, Stockholm
2017-10-25
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Informationshantering och digitalisering
» Fokusgruppen Informationshantering och digitalisering vill
studera och utveckla det obrutna informationsflödet i byggsektorn
över hela processen från planering över projektering och produktion
till drift och förvaltning.
» Olika digitaliserade flöden och tillämpningar ska kunna
hanteras med öppna och standardiserade format, helst på
internationell bas.
» Grunden för detta är en gemensam nationell
informationsplattform. Stora möjligheter finns till en allt
effektivare produktion, eftersom mängden digitaliserade processer
ökar för att på sikt omfatta det mesta vi bygger och förvaltar.
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Så här ser det ut…. (för bygg)» BIM, GIS och infrastruktur inte
integrerade» Få modeller för produktion eller förvaltning -
trots
ambition i designskedet− Undervisningshuset på KTH ett exempel−
Förvaltningen ställer inga krav
» Stadsmodeller− Inga öppna standarder− Stuprör per leverantör
av IT och sensorer
» Sensorer− Inte kopplade till modeller − Ingen analys eller
styrning
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Trender» Digitalisering» Cirkulär ekonomi, design & produkt»
Digital Twin / Digital Thread
− Kräver livscykelstöd "typ" PLCS− Stödjer LCA, cirkulär design,
simulering & analys
» ISO/IEC JWG 21− Standardisering av IoT, Smart Manufacturing
& Industry(ie) 4.0− Stort svenskt deltagande – Ericsson,
Sandvik, Siemens, KTH, LTH m fl
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Digitalisering
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Cirkulär ekonomi - delningsekonomi
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Digital Twin & Digital Thread
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ISO/IEC JWG 21
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Vår forskning och utveckling - Testbädden
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Testbed for BIM level 3
BIM levels after British Standards Institute (from ARCADIS
adapted to Sweden)
Testbed for
drawings, documents models files objects databases
integrated BIM hub
Life
cycle
man
agem
etn
Interoperability
Common models,Concepts and processes Processes
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TEST BED SMART INFORMATION PROCESSEs
Nationalgeo data Building
Floor
Room
Buildingelement
BIM (BIM Alliance)
Converting, verifyiing(ETL)
County
City
Block
Property
Country
Geodata(Swedish Geo process)
Visualisation
Linked data sources
Lifecyclesupport
Transport network
Municipalitygeo data
BIM
National road db
Conv
ertin
g, v
erify
ing
(ETL
)
Real estateregister
Product database
APPLICATION CASES
Test case 1 Test case n
Test case 2
Test case 3
Test case 4
Export, import, linking
Export, import, linking
Etc … Etc ….
Smart planning, design, construction, operation and use
processes over the whole life cycle
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TEST BED SMART INFORMATION PROCESSEs
Nationalgeo data Building
Floor
Room
Buildingelement
BIM (BIM Alliance)
Converting, verifyiing(ETL)
County
City
Block
Property
Country
Geodata(Swedish Geo process)
Visualisation
Linked data sources
Lifecyclesupport
Transport network
Municipalitygeo data
BIM
National road db
Conv
ertin
g, v
erify
iing
(ETL
)
Real estateregister
Product database
APPLICATION CASES
Test case 1 Test case n
Test case 2
Test case 3
Test case 4
Export, import, linking
Export, import, linking
Etc … Etc ….
Smart planning, design, construction, operation and use
processes over the whole life cycle
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Time schedule for the Test bedWP 1: Development of the platform,
WP leader Torbjörn Holm, Eurostep
WP 2: Information exchange construction company - municipality,
WP leader Lars Harrie, Lund University
WP 3: 3D property formation, WP leader Jenny Paulsson, KTH
WP 4: BIM for production management, WP leader Thomas Olofsson,
LTU
WP 5: Management, information dissemination, WP leader Väino
Tarandi, KTH
Applied project Trafikverket – VERA OOOOOOOOOOOOIFC Alignment
tested in the test bed late autumn 2017
ParticipantsKTH, LTU, LU, Chalmers, Högskolan i Gävle,
Lantmäteriet, Trafikverket, Boverket, Mölndal stad, Stockholm stad,
Malmö stad, Helsingborg stad, Eurostep, Triona, Trimble (Vianova),
Agency 9, Logiq/Finfo, NCC, Tyréns, Cementa, Betongindustri, SLL
Trafikförvaltningen
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Project purposeThis project proposal aims at creating a Level 3
test bed to be a national
resource for testing concepts, ideas and innovations for the
smart
community. It involves tests of open new and existing standards,
methods
and processes to make available and use Geo and BIM data in
several
parts of the community building process throughout the project
and city
life cycles. The test bed will be used in cooperation between
authorities like
National Land Survey, National Board of Housing, Building and
Planning,
Swedish Transport Administration, municipalities, etc. and
construction
companies to develop and test a digital open, object oriented
and
standardized information exchange. "
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Multiple Systems – Integration?
Collaboration Hub
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Common concepts
Ifc, simple ifcXML, LandXML
LandXML
XML….
Ifc, simple ifcXML
Net-workISO 191xx
based(NVDB, Inspire,
etc.)
Through Life Support - PLCS
XML….
Integration of standards for buildings and infrastructure
InfraGMLAlignment
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Lifecycle + breakdown with topology
Through life support(incl. versioning)[PLCS ISO 10303:239]
Product breakdown[ISO 12006-2]
Life cycle phases
Objectified topological relation(with effectivity)
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Heterogeneous data models mapped to PLCS
AlignmentRoad, RailwayBridge
Infr
aGM
L
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C O P Y R I G H T E U R O S T E P G R O U P
» ISO 16739:2013 − Building element− Material− Property−
Geometry− Placement
Using PLCS and IFC (& more)
» ISO 10303-239− Change Management− Versioning− Consolidation−
Requirement− Product as realized− Maintenance
PLCS IFC
Other domain specific stds- LandXML, CityGML, InfraGML…
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C O P Y R I G H T E U R O S T E P G R O U P
What IFC2x3 can do todayGeometry (explicit)
B-repCSG
Geometry (Sweep)volume - extrusion, rotationareas - extrusion,
rotation
Topologyelement connectivity,schematic design
Building ElementsWalls, Openings, DoorsRoofs, Stairs, Ramps,
etc.
Spaces and Spatial Structure
SpaceBuilding StoreyBuildingBuilding Site
Relations betweenBuilding Elements
Wall Connections HolesChasesZones
Site and TerrainModel
SiteSite attributes
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C O P Y R I G H T E U R O S T E P G R O U P
The PLCS high level model
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Standardised interfaces (ETL tools)
TrainMateTrainMateMinecraftNova Point System B System X
Business processes
Information
Documents Reference db
Agency9
CityBlockBuildingRoomRoad.....
System A System C
Building permit
3D propertyProductionmanagement
MunicipalityContractor
BIM / GIS – objectPLCS
Information systems
NetworkTNE
Property register
Linked data sets
NVDB ………………NNH Logic/Finfo
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Architecture to implement1. Topological & Spatial
hierarchies 2. Versions and changes3. Life cycle 4. Unique
identifiers - GUID5. Classification6. Units7. Coordinate systems8.
Reference geometries9. Types – with versions10. LOD – Level of
Detail for the Geo process11. Terrain model - granularity12.
Networks and Road alignments13. Swedish Geo process
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Topological & Spatial hierarciesBackgroundIn the GIS world,
you usually use coordinates to search for information rather than
topologis-ka relationship. In the BIM world, the IFC standard has
evolved over a long period of time, and the structure of the
building, floor, room and building elements has worked well to find
and navigate among the different parts.Systems and topologies
provide opportunities for analysis and comparisons of different
locations in the country with recurring similar degradations. The
idea is to have a simple, quick breakdown in a few
steps.Suggestions for functionality in the platformStructures from
county to city to neighborhood to property are being built up. To
these networks, breakdowns in networks for wiring, roads m m from
the appropriate level.
Similarly, as the stories (spatial structure element) of the
building has rooms, the Infra group in buildignSMART has developed
traffic places with "spatial segments" - lanes, walkways, etc.For
example, a roundabout, station area, sports facility has "spatial
segments" - this is lacking in the classification systems ....
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Life-cycle modelFrom a life-cycle perspective it is important to
have an unbroken information flow.
The different phases of the life-cycle for a construction
project and the construction itself need to be represented by
several objects, not just one, over time.
The designed physical element, fulfilling requirements through
its function,
The product as planned realizing the technical solution and
finally,
The product as realized with its serial number
.
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Livscyle phasesDescriptionAll stages and types of objects will
be handled for detail planning, property development, construction,
operation and management processes.Requirements management, design
phases, types of items should be handled. It is difficult for the
actors to address the requirements on the objects to be built when
the requirements are usually presented in text documents instead of
attributes associated with geographical or geometrical objects.
Requirements are own objects (in PLCS) and they should not be
viewed as attributes associated with the objects. In the built
society there are existing buildings and facilities - they occur at
different stages of determination, production, operation and
maintenance. Similarly, there are planning processes in progress
covering different parts of the built society.
Suggestions for functionalityThe phases can be handled by giving
the objects in information models different phase relations to be
able to follow their changes over time. Previous work in EU
projects and standardization of PLCS for manufacturing and defense
industries, as well as buildings to some extent, supports that PLCS
is proposed as a platform for lifecycle management in the platform,
see the following pictures:
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Type object to design objectPhysical_element
Physical_element_version
Physical_element_definition
Part
Part_version
Part_view_definition
Breakdown_element_realization
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Type object to planned individualProduct_as_individual
Product_as_planned
Product_as_individual_view
Part
Part_version
Part_view_definition
Breakdown_element_realization
Product_as_planned will later be replaced by
Product_as_realized
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Design object to planned individualProduct_as_individual
Product_as_planned
Product_as_individual_view
Physical_element
Physical_element_version
Physical_element_definition
Product_design_version_to_individual
Product_as_planned will later be replaced by
Product_as_realized
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ClassificationDescriptionThe new classification system CoClass
is now ready for use in Sweden. It covers both buildings and
facilities. It has an object division that is extensive and soon
also property definitions. CoClass is also intended to be used to
identify components in different system structures.AlternativeUse
CoClass for pure classification of building objects. Watch out for
the impact of system structures on identity setting. Other
identification applications (designation) are possible as
identities can be generated based on the systems and breakdowns
that exist in the buildings if they are modeled
correctly.Suggestions for functionality in the platformBuild
parallel structures according to the IFC Standard (Building,
Spatial Structure Elements, Spaces and Building elements) also for
facilities (and other "building complex" such as railway
stations).The figure below shows a sports facility that should be
structured in a similar way to a construction work. It should
follow the structures of IFC - a breakdown from property to
building and land, which is then broken down into a spatial and
physical structure.
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Sport arena, utility rooms and sport areas seem to be
unstructured and mixed in this example?
Track and Field Facility BDA Sport Area (Soccer field)
SportArena
GDB Green made rest area GAA Forest
APA Utility room
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Coordinate systemsDescriptionThe question is which coordinate
system will we primarily work in when designing? You can think of
three alternatives:• A national system Sweref 99 TM• A municipal
system - Local map projections by Sweref 99• Alternative -
construction site-specific coordinate systemOur proposal is that we
should store in geographic coordinates and then convert. The
Swedish Transport Administration only has latitude and longitude on
its elongated projects - within the BIM area it is included as part
of the IFC standard. Swedish geo process requires the Sweref99 TM
to be used (at least in their building model).
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In IFC 4 the coordinates are definied for the project/site origo
using IFC 4 geolocation, which has the following structure:
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Engineering system – the BIM world
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Linking
• The BIM world is linked to the ellipsoid by a fixed point and
a known orientation
• Map projections are determined by mathematical formulas, these
vary depending on map projection
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Reference geometriesDescriptionThe IFC standard provides
reference geometries for the relative locations of the individual
objects (building elements) in relation to the site's origin or
other building elements. These reference geometries may be
insertion points, lines and surfaces for all different building
components. They define the origin and rotation of the current
object. Similarly, in Swedish geo process according to Measurement
Instructions, see examples below.
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LOD – Level of Detail for the Geo processDescriptionThe test
beds should be able to keep information and geometry for the
various objects that form the built environment. Several different
representations should be kept for both information and geometry
using property sets and 2D / 3D models, respectively. On the GIS
side, CityGML has its definition of LOD0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. For the
BIM side, for example NIBS (USA) has its values 200, 300
etc.AlternativeThe LOD geometry on the building level (for Swedish
geo process / CityGML) can be generated from BIM models (with
appropriate software) or it can be created by using separate tools
in the planning process to be independent of the design work.
Definitions of building components will be created in the design
process and directly linked to the BIM objects.Suggestions for
functionality in the platformGenerate LOD 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 from the
BIM models when they are imported to the platform. Placeholders are
created at the building level for geometries (and properties)
classified as respective LOD level. The LOD descriptions for the
Swedish geo process are linked to the relevant version of the
building as the details are developed. FME is a candidate as a
tool. The definitions on the building level are imported via the
BIM model and are linked to the respective stage and version.
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OGCs Level of Definition
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GIS standards vs BIM standards
Source: Nagel och Kolbe
BIM-model Geodata-model
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Network and Road Alignments (IFC 4)
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Swedish Geo process Process flows and information
deliveries?
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Vår forskning och utveckling - Nya testfall för Testbädden
» Forskningsfrågor och utvecklingsprojekt inom KTH−
Undervisningshuset
» IoT, sensorer, simuleringar m m» Samverkan – Industriell
Produktion, Gunilla Sivard» Akademiska Hus
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Thank you!
Fokusgrupp Informationshantering och Digitalisering �Behovet av
interoperabilitet och öppna standarder i byggsektorn�– integration
av BIM och GIS ur ett livscykelperspektiv��Väino Tarandi�Professor,
KTHInformationshantering och digitaliseringSå här ser det ut…. (för
bygg)TrenderDigitaliseringCirkulär ekonomi - delningsekonomiSlide
Number 7Slide Number 9Digital Twin & Digital ThreadSlide Number
11Slide Number 12Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number
18ISO/IEC JWG 21 Vår forskning och utveckling �- Testbädden�Testbed
for BIM level 3Smart planning, design, construction, operation and
�use processes over the whole life cycleSmart planning, design,
construction, operation and �use processes over the whole life
cycleTime schedule for the Test bedProject purposeMultiple Systems
– Integration?Integration of standards for buildings and
infrastructureLifecycle + breakdown with topologySlide Number
30Heterogeneous data models mapped to PLCSUsing PLCS and IFC (&
more)What IFC2x3 can do todaySlide Number 34Slide Number
36Architecture to implementTopological & Spatial
hierarciesSlide Number 39Slide Number 40Life-cycle modelLivscyle
phasesSlide Number 45Slide Number 46Type object to design
objectSlide Number 48Type object to planned individualDesign object
to planned individualClassificationSlide Number 53Coordinate
systemsSlide Number 56Engineering system – the BIM
worldLinkingReference geometriesLOD – Level of Detail for the Geo
processOGCs Level of DefinitionSlide Number 63Network and Road
Alignments (IFC 4)Slide Number 67Slide Number 72Swedish Geo process
Slide Number 75Slide Number 80Vår forskning och utveckling �- Nya
testfall för Testbädden�Slide Number 82