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Ge|o`Kflkme

8< NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

H Y`kio en Le}f|e}f Neq| B{oqy Nkfoy|(

Iebneq|ha`{ yk|uh|ol ef |go ieqfoq en Aqehl}h{H~o& hfl Bhkf Y|& kf Le}f|e}f Neq| B{oqy qoy|y Neq|B{oqy bey| ihs|k~h|kfm ge|o`"Ge|o` Kflkme& \go gkmg`{qh|ol oy|ha`kygbof| hiieqlkfm |e \qkshl~kyeq hfl Owsolkhnoh|uqoy owxukyk|o hqigk|oi|uqo hf hauflhfio en hbofk"|koy |gh| sqe~klo muoy|y }k|g h qobhqdha`o y|h{ sqenoy"ykefh` hfl shyykefh|o iuy|eboq yoq~kio hfl sqkioy |gh|hqo fohq kbseyyka`o |e bh|ig neq |go ow|qheqlkfhq{ ~h`uoennoqol h| Ge|o` Kflkme&

\go ge|o` yk|o }gkig }hy iefy|qui|ol hqeufl |}e{ohqy hme bhfknoy|ol nqeb h gky|eqkih` mhqhmo |gh| `kfoyAqehl}h{ H~ofuo hfl Bhkf Y|qoo|4 |go sg{ykih` ge|o` }hyhf hll ef |e |go sqoowky|kfm mhqhmo& \go kf|oqkeq en |goge|o` kfi`uloy h||qkau|oy iebshqha`o |e |gh| en h qo`hw"kfm ky`hfl ehyky& Nqeb |go lo`kih|o }gk|o hfl a`uo }h``y |e|go seq|qhk|uqo en N`eqklh ^omo|h|kef noh|uqol |gqeumgeu|muoy| eeqy, ohq|g"ie`eqol }eel eeqkfm, hfl nuqfk|uqoloykmfol iebneq|ha`{ neq o~of mqoh|"mqhflbe|goq Ge|o`Kflkme ky h gh~of neq shqhlkyo"ihahfh y|{`o qo`hwh|kef&

\gky y|{`kyg aeu|kxuo ge|o` mk~oy hbofk|koy h }ge`o

lknnoqof| bohfkfm& \go ykw|{"ykw"qeeb ge|o` noh|uqoy `uw"uq{ Dkfm qeeby }k|g hf hqqh{ en gkmg`kmg|y kfi`ulkfm ah`"ief{ qeeby yenh"y`oosoq qeeby neq |qh~o`oqy }k|g bu`"|ks`o muoy|y eq nhbk`koy }k|g igk`lqof yo~of yuk|oy `eih|olef |go yo~of|g eeq }k|g |e lko neq ~ko}y en Le}f|e}fNeq| B{oqy& K| meoy }k|geu| yh{kfm |gh| |go aoy| ~ko} en|go ik|{ ky nqeb h yo~of|g eeq yuk|o h| Ge|o` Kflkme& Ohigqeeb kfi`uloy kflu`mofioy yuig hy iukykfo"y|{`o iennooiebs`kbof|hq{ gk"ysool ]k"Nk Kf|oqfo| meuqbo| qeebyoq~kio h| |go ghfl en |go qobhqdha`o ^kfe Lk Fe||o |goge|o` qoy|huqhf| yoq~kfm hf hu|gof|ki iukykfo }k|g ,?&33aqohdnhy| hfl `ufig ysoikh`y, h |foyy iof|oq }k|g y|h|oen |go hq| oxuksbof| hfl h qeen|es see` |gh| bhdoy

ih|igkfm h mqoh| |hf ohy{ hfl s`ohyuqha`o&

\e aee| Ge|o` Kflkme ky h ge|yse| neq `eih` `k~oo~of|y hfl iebbufk|{ kf~e`~obof|& Ohig qy| Nqklh{ en|go bef|g |go ge|o` |hdoy shq| kf |go }o``"dfe}f Hq|"}h`d4 hiieqlkfm`{ ohig |gkql Yh|uqlh{ muoy|y hfl ik~k`"khfy ihf `eed neq}hql |e mo||kfm mqee~{ h| Buyki}h`d&Ao|}oof |go Sgk @eufmo h `eaa{"`efm ahq hfl Sgk kf |goYd{ |go ge|o`y qeen|es ahq `k~o of|oq|hkfbof| ky fo~oqkf ygeq| yuss`{ ef |goyo o~of|y& Ohig qy| Nqklh{ hfl|gkql Yh|uqlh{ |go ge|o` noh|uqoy ysoikh` qh|oy neq |goofje{bof| en `eih`y hfl buyki hfl hq| `e~oqy h`kdo& Ohiglh{ ae|g ahqy noh|uqo h ghql"|e"aoh| ghss{ geuq nqeb?sb"=sb& Ghss{ geuq kfi`uloy gh`n sqkiol leboy|ki lqhn|aooqy geuyo }kfoy hfl }o`` `kxueq

]go|goq {euq ~kyk|kfm Ge|o` Kflkme |e dkid enn {euqygeoy hfl |hdo h qo`hwkfm aqohd nqeb |go auykfoyy en `knomqha h ghss{ geuq lqkfd }k|g nqkofly }gk`o }h|igkfm |goyuf yo| yood yhfi|uhq{ }gk`o ef h auykfoyy |qks eq ofje{h yiqubs|keuy boh` h| |go ^kfe Lk Fe||o efo |gkfm kyioq|hkf"Ge|o` Kflkme ennoqy h xuh`k|{ mqoh| |kbo(

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Yeu|g}oy| N`eqklh ihumg| n`huf|kfm |gokq y|{`o& Yge} uy {euq

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 8

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13 NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

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\e ao h muoy| eq hl~oq|kyo ef @oo Sk||y @k~o ~kyk| @ooSk||y@k~o&ieb eq ih`` 7==&793&39;8

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Qoikskof| en |go Do{ |e |go Ik|{ en Neq| B{oqy H}hql

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?:33sb, OIGE ^kf|hmo Aeedy . ^kf{` yoq~oy hy efo en

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qoieql y|eqo, |gh| geuyoy |go hqohy hqmoy| yo`oi|kef en qhqo,

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mkn|y hfl bobeqhak`kh, iebki aeedy, osgoboqh, y|hbsy,

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neq Do``o{ A`uo Aeedy daa&ieb& Ohig {ohq |go iebso|k|kef doosy mo||kfm |eumgoq kf |gky hnneqlha`o yombof| }k|gbeqo soqyefh`k|{"``ol, hbofk|{"`hlof, ~oqyh|k`o ~ogki`oyof|oqkfm |go bhqdo|s`hio& Kf qhfdkfm euq |es skidy |gky{ohq, |go 1381 Nkh| ?33 |eed |go |es sqkzo hy euq Fe& 8

igekio& Hn|oq 17 {ohqy eu| en |go _&Y& bhqdo|Nkh| ky bhdkfm gumo }h~oy }k|g |go fo} ?33hfl kf euq aeedy k| ky |go `ohloq en |go IeeIhqy shqhlo&

Hy {eu bkmg| kbhmkfo |}e iqk|oqkhy nuf"|elqk~o hfl nuf"|e"e}f hqo iqk|kih` kf |go qe``"us|e }gh| |go olk|eqy nqoo`{ hlbk| ky h ~oq{ yua joi|k~o !iee` nhi|eq! |go e~oq"hqigkfm fubaoq"efo iqk|oqkef& Ohig en |go ihqy ef |go`ky| ky h~hk`ha`o neq suqighyo h| ,87333 e`oyy uykfm Do``o{ A`uo Aeedy owi`uyk~o NhkSuqighyo Sqkio hy |go {hqly|kid 'Do``o{ A`uoAeedy Nhkq Suqighyo Sqkio ky |go sqkio iefyuboqy |{skih``{ hqo sh{kfm neq h ihq ahyol

ef hi|uh` fo}"~ogki`o |qhfyhi|kefy hfl uslh|ol }ood`{ neighfmkfm bhqdo| ieflk|kefy+& Sh{kfm `oyy |ghf y|kidoq h`yeky sqo||{ iee` ye goqo ieuf|kfm le}f nqeb fubaoqy 83 |eefo&

83: 1388 G{uflhk O`hf|qh]ge dfo} meel ~h`uo ieu`l ao ye iee`5 \go h``"fo}1388 G{uflhk O`hf|qh ky hf h``"hqeufl shidhmo en y`kidloykmf, ief~ofkof| noh|uqoy hfl nuo`"onikofi{ "" o~oq{O`hf|qh mo|y & 1381 Geflh Ik~kiIee` leoyf| h`}h{y gh~o |e ao kf {euq nhio& \hdo |go1381 Geflh Ik~ki neq owhbs`o& K|y h||qkau|oy qohl `kdo h|geumg|"eu| ef`kfo lh|kfm sqe`o: Meel `eedkfm au| fe|hyg{, `e} bhkf|ofhfio hfl ohy{mekfmau| ghss{ ao{euq shq|foq kf iqkbo neq hf{ hl~of|uqo 'kfyoq| }kfd{nhio goqo+&&&

?& 1388 Dkh Neq|o DeusGh~kfm hf h||qhi|k~o ihq |gh| e|goqy gh~of| yoof |gh|yiee`& \go 1388 Dkh Neq|o Deus kyf| juy| |go yseq|koy|"`eedkfm ihq ef euq `ky| k|y y|hflhql"oxuksbof| `ky|kfi`uloy h yh|o``k|o"qohl{ hulke y{y|ob A`uo|ee|g ghfly"nqoo sgefo ieffoi|k~k|{ hfl _YA%kSel kf|omqh|kef ye k|`eedy iee` hfl hi|y iee`

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 1

Ihfe`h Ek` Qoiksoy

Me NkygAqek`ol \qeu| }k|g @obef Ek` . E~of"Mqk``ol ^omo|ha`o

\go y|hq en |gky qoikso ky lo`kikeuy `obef ihfe`h ek` }gkig ygeu`l ao h

y|hs`o kf hf{ shf|q{& K| bh{ ao uyol ef yg, kf yh`hl lqoyykfmy, ef qehy|"ol ~omo|ha`oy hfl juy| haeu| hf{}goqo {eu }eu`l uyo ihfe`h ek`& Goqok| bhdoy |gky ykbs`{ sqoshqol aqek`ol |qeu| }k|g ~omo|ha`oy h goh`|g{hfl |hy|{ }oodlh{ boh`&

Fu|qk|kefh` Hfh`{ykysoq Yoq~kfm:

Ih`eqkoy 983 \e|h` Nh| 87 mYh|uqh|ol Nh| 9&? mIge`oy|oqe` =? bmYelkub ?? bmIhqaeg{lqh|oy = mNkaoq 1 mSqe|okf 17 m

Kfy|qui|kefy:

8&Kf a`ofloq, iebakfo ihfe`h ek` hfl `obef zoy|& Sqeioyy uf|k` ybee|g, |gof y|qhkf |gqeumg fo boyg y|qhkfoq& Y|eqo kf

qonqkmoqh|eq kf hkq|kmg| ief|hkfoq eq ie~oqol jhq neq 8"1 lh{y&

1&Sqogoh| aqek`oq& Kf `hqmo ae}` iebakfo zuiigkfk mqhso |ebh|eoy qol efkef mhq`ki hfl qeyobhq{& Lqkzz`o ~omo|ha`obkw|uqo }k|g ah`yhbki ~kfomhq hfl `obef ek`& \eyy |gof ysqkfd`o }k|g yh`| hfl sossoq& Ysqohl ~omo|ha`oy kf ykfm`o `h{"oq ef ahdkfm ygoo| hfl s`hio < kfigoy ufloq aqek`oq neq 83 bkfu|oy eq uf|k` ~omo|ha`oy hqo |ofloq iqkys hfl aqe}fol&Gh`n}h{ |gqeumg ieedkfm |kbo |eyy ~omo|ha`oy&

9&]gk`o ~omo|ha`oy hqo ieedkfm sqoshqo ahdkfm ygoo| }k|g nek` hfl ihfe`h ek` ieedkfm ysqh{& S`hio |qeu| ef sqoshqolahdkfm ygoo|& Ysqkfd`o ae|g ykloy }k|g sossoq hfl s`hio qeyobhq{ ysqkm ufloq ohig ``o|& Lqkzz`o ohig ``o| }k|g 8%1 |ys'1 b@+ `obef ek`& S`hio yg ufloq aqek`oq neq ="7 bkfu|oy eq uf|k` yg ky eshxuo hfl hd{&

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1< NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

Me Nkyg

Mqk``ol Yh`bef E~oq @of|k` Yh`hl }k|g ]h`fu| ^kfhkmqo||o

\gky goh`|g{ lo`kikeuy boh` kyohy{ |e bhdo hfl ohy{ |e ofje{&Oh| k| neq `ufig lkffoq eq o~ofh skifki& Ihfe`h ek` kf |go bhqk"fhlo hfl ~kfhkmqo||o h``e}y |gozkfm{ |hy|o en |go Lkjef buy|hqlhfl nqoyg goqay |e iebo |gqeumgIhfe`h ek` h`ye sqe~kloy gohq|"ybhq| ebomh"9 nh| h`efm }k|g |gyh`bef hfl }h`fu|y&

Fu|qk|kefh` Hfh`{yky

soq Yoq~kfm:Ih`eqkoy 3 bmYelkub 193 bmIhqaeg{lqh|oy 99 mNkaoq 7 m

Sqe|okf 9< m

Kfy|qui|kefy:

8&Kf bolkub ae}` iebakfo buy|hql ihfe`h ek` |hqqhmef hfmhq`ki neq bhqkfhlo& S`hio yh`bef kf bhqkfhlo hfl mof|`{ |euf|k` |geqeumg`{ ieh|ol& S`hio yg kf qoyoh`ha`o ahm kf qonqkmoqh|eq neq h| `ohy| 8 geuq&

1&Goh| mqk`` |e 9=? N '8;3 I+ }gof k|y |ee ge| |e ge`l ghfhae~o ieh`y neq beqo |ghf ? yoiefly&

9&Kf ?"xuhq| se| aqkfm 9 iusy '=?3 b@+ en }h|oq |e h aek`& Hl

`of|k`y mhq`ki i`e~oy hfl qeyobhq{ ysqkm& Ieed `of|k`y uf|k` ju|ofloq haeu| 93 bkfu|oy& Y|qhkf kf ie`hfloq&

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 1?

\ufh Y|kq"nq{ E~oq ]ge`o"]goh| ^oqbkio``

_ykfm iuaol |ufh kf h y|kq"nq{ ky ufuyuh` kf h nhf|hy|ki }h{& Iebakfol}k|g nqoyg ~ommkoy olhbhbo hfl }ge`o"}goh| shy|h |gky lkyg ky |oob"kfm }k|g fu|qkof|y hfl aoq& Aoihuyo ybh`` ah|igoy hqo bhlo h| h |kbo,y|kq"nqkoy hqo h mqoh| }h{ |e ieed neq efo neuq eq okmg|&

Fu|qk|kefh` Hfh`{yky

soq Yoq~kfm:Ih`eqkoy ? mNkaoq ; m

Sqe|okf 91 mKfy|qui|kefy:

8&Kf bolkub ae}` |eyy |ufh }k|g ihfe`h ek` '|gky ofyuqoy soqnoi|`{ yohqol |ufh+& Yo| hyklo&

1&Goh| }ed eq `hqmo goh~{ ydk``o| |e bolkub"gkmg |e gkmg goh|& Ysqh{ ihfe`h ek` ieedkfm ysqh{ |e ieh| shf4 hllybhygol mhq`ki hfl mkfmoq skoioy |e h~eq ek`& Hn|oq 13 yoiefly, hll ihqqe|y& Ieed neq 1"9 bkfu|oy, |gof hll hyshqh"muy& Ysqh{ beqo ihfe`h ek` kn foioyyhq{ |e doos ~omo|ha`oy nqeb y|kidkfm& Ieed neq hllk|kefh` 1 bkfu|oy eq uf|k` hyshqh"muy ky aqkmg| mqoof hfl ihqqe|y hqo |ofloq& Qobe~o ~omo|ha`oy nqeb shf hfl yo| hyklo ef h| s`h|o&

9&Ysqh{ shf }k|g ihfe`h ek` ieedkfm ysqh{ eq ek`& Hll buygqeeb skoioy& Ieed neq 1"9 bkfu|oy uf|k` aqe}fol& Qobe~o

nqeb shf hfl yo| hyklo }k|g e|goq ~omo|ha`oy&

yoq~kfmy& Yoq~kfm ykzo: 8 ius '1?3 b@+&

Kfmqolkof|y:

81 ez |ufh y|ohd iu| kf|e 8%1"kfig '8"ib+ iuaoy 9?3 m

1 |ys ihfe`h ek` 83 b@

ihfe`h ek` ieedkfm ysqh{8 mhq`ki i`e~o ybhygol1 skoioy mkfmoq iu| kf|e 8%

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1> NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

Bhy|oqskoio Iuy|eb Geboy Kfi& ky hnhbk`{ auykfoyy gohl"xuhq|oqol kfFeq|g Seq|, N`eqklh& \go{ ennoq fo`{

lo|hk`ol gebo auk`lkfm hfl qofe~h|kef }k|g hloykmf"auk`l hssqehig& \go gkmg xuh`k|{ f"kygoy hfl hbofk|koy y|hflhql kf h Bhy|oqskoiogebo hqo |hk`eqol |e yh|kyn{ |go shq|kiu`hq lo"ykqoy en ohig en |gokq i`kof|y& Auk`lkfm h |qu`{iuy|eb gebo ky ef`{ h||hkfha`o a{ }h{ en h|ohb }geyo meh` ky |e `ky|of |e |go iuy|eboqhfl bhdo |gobyo`~oy h~hk`ha`o |gqeumgeu||go ieuqyo en |go sqejoi|& \go efo"ef"efoh||of|kef Bhy|oqskoio Iuy|eb Geboy mk~oyohig i`kof| ofieuqhmoy hiiuqhi{ owio``ofiohfl hf h`` hqeufl ofje{ha`o

owsoqkofio&

\geumg Fkid Aefyd{ ky hfEgke fh|k~o gky `e~o neq |gohqoh a`eyyebol hn|oq h ~h"ih|kef |e Ighq`e||o Ghqaeq&@h|oq go }eqdol kf ief"y|qui|kef ef Mhyshqk``h Ky"`hfl hfl o~of|uh``{ yo||`olkf |go Feq|g Seq| hqoh kf |go`h|o 73y& Hffo Shqdy Aef"

yd{-y suqyuk| en gebo lo"ykmf ysqeu|ol qy| nqeb goqigk`lgeel |h`of|y kf hq| hfl bh|g& Goq o~of"|uh` shyykef }hy yghqsofol a{ goq kf|oqkeqloykmf y|ulkoy h| Yhqhye|h-y Qkfm`kfm Yigee` enHq| hfl Loykmf& Bhy|oqskoio Iuy|eb Geboy kyh ie``haeqh|k~o onneq| kf }gkig usyih`o hbofk"|koy hqo hllol |e beloqh|o geboy h iebakfh"|kef |gh| ghy Bhy|oqskoio }kffkfm sqoy|kmkeuygebo h}hqly {ohq hn|oq {ohq& Ykfio flkfmefo hfe|goq |gokq shyykef hfl sqklo neq |gokq}eqd ghy ef`{ kf|ofykol&

\gokq lolkih|kef |e lo|hk` ghy bhlo Bhy|oq"skoio Iuy|eb Geboy h bu`|ks`o h}hql"}kf"fkfm geboauk`loq& Aoihuyo |gokq loykmfy kf"ieqseqh|o h }klo qhfmo en ufkxuo |euigoy hflhqo auk`| }k|g sqoikykef Bhy|oqskoio y}os| |goAoy| E~oqh`` h}hql nqeb |go Gebo Auk`loqyHyyeikh|kef en Yhqhye|h . Bhfh|oo Ieuf|koyShqhlo en Geboy iebso|k|kef {ohq hn|oq {ohqhn|oq {ohq&

Bhy|oqskoio Iuy|eb Geboy h`ye bhdoy qofe"~h|kfm owky|kfm geboy hf owik|kfm ofje{ha`osqeioyy& ]go|goq {eu-qo `eedkfm |e uslh|o |go

y|{`o hfl nufi|kefh`k|{ en {euq of|kqo gebofool |e hll ef h qeeb neq h mqe}kfm nhbk`{eq juy| }hf| |e bhdo {euq geuyo h gebo {eu`e~o h gebo qofe~h|kef a{ Bhy|oqskoio Iuy"|eb Geboy }k`` yo| {euq geuyo hshq| nqeb |goqoy| hfl bhdo k| |qu`{ {euqy& Soqyefh` h||of"|kef nqeb euq owsoqkofiol kf"geuyo loykmf hflief|qhi|kfm |ohb bohfy {euq ~kykef hfl {euq~ekio }k`` fe| ao `ey| luqkfm |go qobelo`kfmsqeioyy& Bhy|oqskoio }k`` ao |goqo }k|g {euo~oq{ y|os en |go }h{ lolkih|kfm |gobyo`~oy

|e iqhn|kfm {euq owky|kfm

gebo kf|e efo qkig }k|go`omhf| y|{`o beloqf gkmgxuh`k|{ fkygoy, hfl h`` |gohqigk|oi|uqh` lo|hk`y |gh|iebo y|hflhql }k|g o~oq{Bhy|oqskoio&

Bhy|oqskoio Iuy|eb Geboyky h sqeul bobaoq en |goN`eqklh Mqoof Auk`lkfm Ie"h`k|kef hfl |go{ qoiemfkzo

|go fool neq hfl aofo|yen auk`lkfm beqo yuy|hkfha`o`k~kfm of~kqefbof|y& Mqoof auk`lkfm ky h nhy|"mqe}kfm |qofl neq ae|g fo} geboy hfl geboqofe~h|kefy hfl hy h auk`loq }k|g |go u`|kbh|omeh` en yh|kyn{kfm i`kof|y |go{ doos us }k|g|go bey| qoiof| hl~hfioy en |go be~obof|&Kn {eu-qo geskfm |e qoluio {euq gebo-y ofoqm{iefyubs|kef hfl }h|oq uyhmo a{ auk`lkfmmqoof {eu ihf |quy| |go Bhy|oqskoio |ohb |ehkl {eu kf {euq xuoy|&

Neq fo hqigk|oi|uqh` lo|hk`y, yusoqkeq iqhn|y"bhfygks hfl h ief|qhi|eq |gh| ennoqy soqyefh`h||of|kef |e o~oq{ i`kof| iefykloq Bhy|oq"skoio Iuy|eb Geboy Kfi& |go Yhqhye|h hflIghq`e||o hqoh-y aoy| igekio&

Fkid hfl Hffo kf~k|o {eu |e ~kyk| |gokq belo`gebo `eih|ol h|

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 1

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[E_Q Y] N@EQKLH OWSOQ\

KIG YSQOIGO LO_\YIG

IHSQKIO DQ_BYKIDMOFOQH@ YH@OY . FO] GEBO YH@OY

'19;+ >== =8

|gi| ihso ieqh` N@EQKLH 99;89;1 IEIE GHBBEID ]H[ NEQ\ B[OQY N@EQKLH 99;37

9 AOL 1 AH\G SEE@ . YSH GEBO BKF_\OY \E YHFKAO@

, 9;?333

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 1

777">>1"

8/6/2019 Focus of SWFL - July

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93 NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

Qoh` ]ebof,Qoh` Y}kb Y|{`oy

\goqoy h fo} |qofl kf y}kb}ohq|gky yohyef y}kb y|{`oy neqQOH@ }ebof hqo kf& Kf nhi|h qoiof| yuq~o{ a{ @hfly Oflneufl |gh| |go bhjeqk|{ en |gonobh`o qoyseflof|y sqonoq y}kby|{`oy loykmfol }k|g qoh` }ebofkf bkfl yuig hy Y`ofloqkzoqy '71

soqiof|+ Efo"skoio y|{`oy '78 soqiof|+ hfl Y}kbBkfky '=3soqiof|+& ]ohqha`o y}kb |qofly hqo |esy hfl k|y fe| yuqsqky"

kfm iefykloqkfm h`bey| h`` nobh`o qoyseflof|y ';; soqiof|+klof|kn{ |gobyo`~oy hy QOH@ }ebof }k|g iuq~oy hy esseyol|e |go `oyy |ghf efo soqiof| }ge y|h|o |go{ `eed `kdo h yusoq"belo`&

\gky yohyef, qoh` }ebof qu`o hfl |go{ hqo lo|oqbkfkfm |go|qofly yoof h| |go aohig hfl see`yklo, yhkl K~{ Yshqme, mof"oqh` boqighflkyo bhfhmoq, @hfly Ofl& H| @hfly Ofl, }o~oneufl |gh| }ebof }hf| ie~oqhmo iebakfol }k|g h||oqkfm|y hfl nhygkef"neq}hql lo|hk`y hfl |go{ }k`` fl |gob kf |gkyyohyefy y}kb y|{`oy&

Y|{`oy |e N`h||oq Qoh` ]ebof \es |go \qoflyNqeb quigkfm hfl qunoy |e y}kb ydkq|y hfl sh||oqfol y}kb"

yuk|y hiieqlkfm |e Yshqme h`` }ebof }k`` ao ha`o |e }ohq |gkyyohyefy ge||oy| |qofly& Quigkfm eq ygkqqkfm bh{ ao qobkfky"iof| en |go Mqood Melloyy oqh au| |gky muqo"h||oqkfm y|{`olo|hk` }k`` |uqf bhf{ kf|e h Aohig Melloyy }gof k| ieboy|e y}kb}ohq& Mh|goqol nhaqki ky yo}f |emo|goq hfl soqnoi|`{lqhsoy |e iefioh` hfl iebs`kbof| h`bey| h`` ael{ |{soy& Hf"e|goq }ohqha`o y}kb loykmf lo|hk` |gky yohyef ky qunoy& @hflyOfl ghy hllol |gky en"|go"bebof| lo|hk` |e y}kb ydkq|y hfly}kb |ufkiy neq h nobkfkfo |euig& Neq |geyo `eedkfm neq ie~oq"hmo hfl y|{`o eed fe nuq|goq |ghf |go y}kb ydkq|& Beqo |ghfyo~of eu| en |of '=1 soqiof|+ en |geyo yuq~o{ol hqo iefykloq"kfm h y}kb ydkq| |gky yohyef&

A{ Yhbhf|gh Qhb

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 9

_fQoh` Y}kbyuk|y \go qoh` }ebof yuq~o{ol ao`ko~ol|gh| yebo y}kbyuk| loykmfy ihf ao ufqoh` kfi`ulkfm |geyo

}k|g ahqo`{ |goqo ae||eby hfl n`kby{ nhaqkiy ';9 soqiof|+

hfl fe yusseq| |esy hfl `hid en ie~oqhmo ';1 soqiof|+&

Nk| Nh~eqk|o ]gof hydol }gh| y}kbyuk| ighqhi|oqky|ki}hy bey| kbseq|hf|, beqo |ghf gh`n en yuq~o{ qoyseflof|y

igeyo nk| '>= soqiof|+&

Aohig Ighkq Aeufl Luo |e `hid en y}kbyuk| iefnk"lofio, }ebof yuq~o{ol y|h|ol |go{~o qonuyol |e }ohq h

y}kbyuk| kf sua`ki '=> soqiof|+, bkyyol eu| ef h nuf }h|oqhi|k~k|{ '=< soqiof|+ hfl lklf| mo| enn |gokq aohig ighkq eq

|e}o` '>7 soqiof|+&

Efo"Skoio Sufig ]gof hydol }gkig y}kbyuk| y|{`o}ebof }k`` iefykloq |gky yohyef, |go bhjeqk|{ e~oq}go`bkfm

igeyo |go efo"skoio '78 soqiof|+ e~oq h akdkfk '87 soqiof|+&

Aqkfm ef |go Ahflohu E~oq h |gkql en yuq~o{ qoysef"lof|y '9= soqiof|+ hqo iefykloqkfm h ahflohu y}kb |es

y|{`o&

E`l Ge``{}eel M`hbeuq K|y o~klof| |gh| }ebof }hf||e `eed m`hbeqeuy ef |go aohig hy beqo |ghf |}e"|gkqly '>=soqiof|+ y|h|ol |go{ }k`` `eed neq y}kbyuk|y }k|g E`l Ge`"

`{}eel y|{`o&

Ie~oqhmo hfl Iu| Hae~o Beqo |ghf fkfo eu| en |of}ebof hmqoo |gh| |go iu| hfl ie~oqhmo en y}kbyuk| hqo

}gh| h||qhi|y |gob |e y}kb y|{`oy&

Y}kb Iefnklofio Aeey| 7< soqiof| en }ebof y|h|ol|go{ }eu`l gh~o beqo iefnklofio kf h y}kbyuk| kn yeboefoykbs`{ ennoqol h fkio iebs`kbof|&

Ihqo ky Do{ Okmg| eu| en |of yuq~o{ qoyseflof|y y|h|ol|go{ dfe} ge} |e sqesoq`{ ihqo neq |gokq y}kbyuk|&

Qoh` ]ebof Ykw eu| en |of '>3 soqiof|+ obaqhio ge}|go{ `eed hy h qoh` }ebhf&

Yuq~o{ Nkflkfmy

]gk`o ye`kl ie`eqy }k`` qobhkf h y|{`o y|hs`o kf y}kb}ohq sh|"|oqfy hqo skidkfm us& Kf nhi| |go yuq~o{ neufl 78 soqiof| en}ebof hqo iefykloqkfm h sh||oqfol y}kbyuk|& Sesu`hq sqkf|y|gky yohyef kfi`ulo qo|qe se`dh le|y fhu|kih` y|qksoy mqhsgkieqh`y hfl shky`o{ sqkf|y&

Y`ofloqkzkfm Y}kbyuk|y Me Bhkfy|qohbFe `efmoq h yoiqo|k~o ufloqmhqbof| y}kbyuk| y`ofloqkzoqygh~o fe} mefo bhkfy|qohb& Hy h qoyu`| |go yuq~o{ neuflbeqo |ghf okmg| eu| |of }ebof '78 soqiof|+ hqo iefykloqkfm h

Y`ofloqkzkfm y}kbyuk| |gky yohyef hy fo} kffe~h|kefy oboqmo&@hfly Ofl ennoqy h ~hqko|{ en muqo"h||oqkfm y}kb}ohq }k|g|hqmo|ol y`ofloqkzkfm sqesoq|koy kf |gqoo lknnoqof| ie``oi|kefy:Yghso]ohq H``"e~oq Ief|qe` hfl \ubb{ Ief|qe`&

]gk`o }ebof bh{ }hf| ief|qe` kf h y}kbyuk| bhf{ }hf| |hq"mo|ol ief|qe` kf hqohy kdo |go hay ea`kxuoy hfl ahid& @hflyOfly Yghso]ohq Ie``oi|kef noh|uqoy hf owi`uyk~o y`kbbkfm|oigfe`em{ neq |hqmo|ol ief|qe`& E~oq}go`bkfm`{ ;? soqiof|en }ebof }hf| h lqohb y}kbyuk| |e go`s h||of |go |ubb{hqoh& \gh| lqohb ihf aoiebo h qoh`k|{ }k|g |go @hfly Ofl\ubb{ Ief|qe` Y}kb}ohq Ie``oi|kef noh|uqkfm efo"skoioy hfly}kb yoshqh|oy neq |geyo yoodkfm yebo bklyoi|kef yusseq|&Neq bhf{ yuq~o{ol ';9 soqiof|+ |go lqohbkoy| y}kbyuk| ennoqy

h``"e~oq y`kbbkfm& @hfly Ofly H``"e~oq Ief|qe` Ie``oi|kef en"noqy |oigfe`em{ hfl nhaqki |gh| lo`k~oq y`kbbkfm se}oq |gh| |yyfum`{ {o| noo`y iebneq|ha`o kf hfl eu| en |go }h|oq&

Xuh`k|{ kf h Y}kbyuk| Fo~oq Meoy Eu| en Y|{`oXuh`k|{ kf h y}kbyuk| ky h`}h{y kf nhygkef hfl hiieqlkfm |e |goyuq~o{ |go bhjeqk|{ en }ebof ';< soqiof|+ hqo }k``kfm |e sh{beqo neq meel xuh`k|{ y}kb}ohq& Beqo |ghf h |gkql en qoysef"lof|y '97 soqiof|+ y|hq|ol ygesskfm neq xuh`k|{ y}kb}ohq kf|gokq 13y }gk`o

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Hxuh \oqqh W"ahid \hfdkfk \es ,?

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H`` E~oq Ief|qe`

Mqoikhf Y}kblqoyy

,83;&33

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\EBB[ AHGHBH

_floq}kqo nu``"ie~oqhmo nehb"ius gh`|oq 91"97i"l sh`b sqkf|&

Gkmg"}hky| ae||eby sh`b sqkf| wy"w`&

Gh`|oq |hfdkfk yen| iusy |ubb{ ief|qe` sh`b sqkf| wy"w`&

Ye`kl gkmg"}hky| ae||eby a`hid wy"w`& H`` f{`ef%yshflow& Gh`|oq |es ,71&

Sqkf| ae||eby ,& \hfdkfk ,=>& Ye`kl ae||eby ,9

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 9

BHQI A[ BHQI JHIEAY

E~oqykzol qoykf yufm`hyyoy k~eq{ me`l kbseq|ol ,7?&

Kf Nhygkef Hiioyyeqkoy h| Feqly|qeb hfl ef`kfo h| Feqly|qeb&ieb&

\ko"nqef| ahflohu qobe~ha`o yen| iusy& Gksy|oq ae||eby ie~oqol au||efy& Ae|g f{`ef%yshf"

low `eay|oq qol%sqky|kfo iqbo y|qkso _YH s"w`& Ahflohu ,7?& Gksy|oq ,7?&

Kf ]ebofy Hi|k~o h| Feqly|qeb hfl ef`kfo h| }}}&feqly|qeb&ieb&

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9> NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

1Ahbaee

\es ,?1

Ae||eb ,9;

H~hk`ha`o h| yo`oi| bhi{-y hfl h| bhi{y&ieb

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 9

Ieie Qool

,887

H~hk`ha`o h| yo`oi| bhi{-y hfl h| bhi{y&ieb

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nee|, 8;>8 ~kf|hmo AhbakHkqy|qohb 'ieboy }k|g lem hfl aha{+ hy |go{ |euq |go _&Y& iehy| |e

iehy|& Ae|g s`h{oqy hqo bu`|k"kfy|qubof|h`ky|y hfl efo |kmg| ufk|& \go{

loyiqkao |gokq buyki hy !y|ebs"mqhyy sufd ne`d }k|g h gkf| en Hboqkihfh&!

@ui{ s`h{y h |gqoo"y|qkfmol aqeeb ghfl`o%ikmhq aew muk|hq, ahfje hfl

yebo|kboy o~of h m`eidofysko` hy ygo yghqoy ~eih` lu|koy }k|g ]h{fo,

}ge h`ye s`h{y hieuy|ki muk|hq, ahfje, leaqe, hfl%eq ghqbefkih h`` }gk`o

ghfl`kfm soqiuyykef ef ahyy lqub hfl gk"gh|( Au``o| bkiqesgefoy hflhf hqyofh` en onnoi| solh`y mk~o |gky ahfl h yeufl `kdo fe e|goq&

\go yge} ky ofghfiol a{ h y`klo yge} en eqkmkfh` sge|ey sqejoi|ol ef hf

e`l"nhygkefol y`klo sqejoi|eq& ]goqo o~oq |go{ s`h{, |gky ahfl }kfy e~oq

|go hulkofio }k|g |gokq hbhzkfm `k~o yge} |gh| yebo|kboy bkmg| kfi`ulo h

@ol Zosso`kf eq e|goq i`hyyki |ufo mk~of |go G{bf Neq Goq |}ky|(

G{bf Neq Goq-y `h|oy| qo`ohyo, @_I[ . ]H[FO hfl \GO HBHKQK"

IHF Y\QOHB, }hy qoieqlol kf |go Hkqy|qohb hfl bkwol a{ Jkb

Lkhbefl ']gk|o Y|qksoy+& \go IL hfl |go lue gh~o aoof qoiok~kfm qh~o

qo~ko}y kf |go sqoyy, kfi`ulkfm @ey Hfmo`oy \kboy, Sk||yauqmg \qkaufo,

H|`hf|h Jeuqfh`"Iefy|k|u|kef, @owkfm|ef Goqh`l"@ohloq, Hygo~k``o Ik|kzof

\kboy, \go H`auxuoqxuo Jeuqfh` hfl beqo(

\go Eq`hfle ]ood`{ yh{y, !\gokq hbh`mhb en ne`d, a`uoy hfl a`uomqhyy

hkf-| fe ohy{mekfm y}oo|"|oh hnnhkq& K|-y hf kf|ofyo`{ ghuf|kfm, h`|oqfh|k~o

~kykef |gh| yebo|kboy y|qkdoy iu||kfm beely&!

Gh~kfm s`h{ol guflqoly en yge}y kf |go `hy| ykw bef|gy, |go lue ghy

fe s`hfy en oflkfm |gokq buykih` el{yyo{ hf{ |kbo kf |go fohq nu|uqo&\go{-`` doos |go qehl ge| |gqeumg |go ofl en 1388, }gk`o |go{ ief|kfuo |e

}qk|o fo} |ufoy |gh| |go{ geso |e qoieql h| |go ofl en |go {ohq& Y|h{

|ufol neq lo|hk`y, hfl ih|ig G{bf Neq Goq kf h ik|{ fohq {eu&

}}}&g{bfneqgoq&ieb

Sge|e a{ Jonn Nuyie

A{ Bkigo``o Qeigo

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

Sge|e a{ Mhq{ Jufm

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 33 yx n|aohignqef| ieflebkfkub ef owi`uyk~o Aeih Mqhflo|go e|goq h `uwuqkeuy fo} >333 yx n| gebo kf \go

Neufloq-y I`ua& Hllk|kefh``{ Ihqsof|oq ky }eqdkfm ef|go Ae{ hfl Mkq`y I`uay Loykmfoq Yge} geuyo4 |goMh`h esofkfm ky ef Jhf 18, 1381 hfl qufy |gqeumg |gobef|g&

Hn|oq k~kfm hfl }eqdkfm kf Fo} [eqd Ik|{ neq 9< {ohqy,u`|kbh|o`{ quffkfm gky e}f auykfoyy hfl |ohigkfmkf|oqkeq loykmf h| \go Nhygkef Kfy|k|u|o en \oigfe`"em{ Ihqsof|oq ihqonu``{ s`hffol neq gky akm be~o |eYhqhye|h neq beqo |ghf h {ohq& Go }hy h||qhi|ol |eYhqhye|h fe| ef`{ a{ k|y qkig iu`|uqh` lk~oqyk|{ hfls`ohyhf| `k~kfm of~kqefbof| au| h`ye kf shq| luo |e!h ufkxuo esseq|ufk|{ |gh| Qeaa . Y|uid{ hnneqlol

bo |e aoiebo h iefyu`|kfm loykmfoq kf |gokq Yhqh"ye|h y|eqo&! Go hlly, !Qeaa . Y|uid{ hfl K hmqool|emo|goq |gh| b{ 9< {ohqy en loykmfkfm `uwuqkeuygeboy neq h }eq`l"i`hyy i`kof|o`o }eu`l lkqoi|`{ aof"o| |gokq iuy|eboqy kf Yhqhye|h& Hfl }o ae|g dfo}|gh| a{ boo|kfm iuy|eboqy K ghl h auk`|"kf esseq|u"fk|{ |e nuq|goq lo~o`es b{ e}f `eih` sqk~h|o loykmfi`kof|o`o&! Au| ef`{ neuq bef|gy hn|oq go y|hq|olQeaa . Y|uid{ }hy ahfdqus| hfl eu|"en"auykfoyy hflIhqsof|oq }hy eu| ef gky e}f&

I

hqsof|oq-y `kbk|ol |kbo h| Qeaa . Y|uid{ }hy

sqelui|k~o hfl nquk|nu` ge}o~oq& !Qeaa .Y|uid{ |hssol bo |e loykmf hfl nuqfkyg h ysoi|hiu"`hq beloqf geuyo ef Ihyo{ Do{ neq |go Bhqig

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Aokfm K|h`{-y e`loy| sof bhfunhi|uqoqhfl ohqfkfm |go |k|`o !Aoy| en |go Aoy|!kf ae|g neqb hfl nufi|kef& Bef|omqhsshghy owios|kefh` ighqhi|oqky|ki loykmfyyge}f hqeufl |go }eq`l& \go{ gh~o iqo"h|ol h }h{ h }qk||of }eql |qu`{ ysohdy&]k|g gkmg"xuh`k|{ kfy|qubof|y mk~kfm|qkau|o |e yuig kiefy hy Aquio @oo Bu"ghbbhl H`k hfl Fhebk Ihbsao``&

O~of|y gh~o neqmol hf ufowsoi|ol au|}o`iebol `kfd ao|}oof Bef|omqhsshhfl efo en |go mqoh|oy| fhboy kf |gogky|eq{ en Mqhfl Sqkw Qhikfm& Neqbu`h

Efo lqk~oq Johf H`oyk, Bef|omqhsshaehql bobaoq hfl aqhfl hbahyyhleqky fe} h`ye hf enikh` hbahyyhleq neq@e|uy Ihqy& Johf }k`` sqe~klo gky owsoq"|kyo kf |go lo~o`esbof| en @e|uy N8"kfyskqol \{so 81? |qhid"lh{ ihq hfl |gohiiebshf{kfm Owey sqemqhbbo&

Johf jekfol @e|uy Ihqy h| |go Hu|eyseq|Kf|oqfh|kefh` Yge} h| |go FOI, |e io`"oaqh|o |go uf~ok`kfm en bhf{ en @e|uyIhqyy qhikfm lkyiks`kfoy kfi`ulkfm |gosqo~ko} en |go fo} 1388 @e|uy Qofhu`|

MS N8 ihq `k~oq{& Go hlbk|y |gh| Kblo`kmg|ol |e ao shq|foqkfm }k|g @e|uy& Kgh~o h `e| en hnnoi|kef neq |gky mqoh| Aqk|"kyg aqhfl, hfl Kb ieflof| |gh| |go{}k`` higko~o mqoh| |gkfmy kf |go nu|uqoae|g ef hfl enn |go qhio|qhid& Kb shq"|kiu`hq`{ shyykefh|o haeu| hf{|gkfm |gh|aqkfmy soes`o i`eyoq |e |go qhikfm hi|kefhfl |go \{so 81? leoy owhi|`{ |gh|& K|y|go u`|kbh|o qhio owsoqkofio& @e|uy

\{so 81? |qhid"lh{ ihq ky h iebs`o|o`{fo} loykmf hf owi`uyk~o u`|qhgkmg"soq"neqbhfio N8"`kdo qhio ihq iebs`o|o }k|g

h Iey}eq|g 9&7"`k|oq MS ^7 ofmkfo sqe"luikfm >

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 ?9

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?< NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

K|-y h mqoh| noo`kfm |e

dfe} |gh| euq iuy|eboqy

ihqo hy buig haeu| euq

iukykfo hy }o le&!

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\eqig Aky|qe1889 Yeu|g \hbkhbk \qhk`Suf|h Meqlh N@ 99;?3

;

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Hbhflh Hlhby h`efm }k|g e~oq ykw|{ e|goq y|u"lof| yusseq|y gh~o aoof kf |go sqeioyy en iqo"h|kfm hfl bhqdo|kfm h qo~e`u|kefhq{ iefios|"hneel neqoy| loykmfol |e sqeluio }gh| ky foolol|e yuss`{ nhbk`koy& \go NMI_ Neel Neqoy| ky hae|hfkih` ie``oi|kef en |qeskih` hfl yua|qeskih`olka`o ysoikoy |gh| mqe} }o`` kf Yeu|g N`eqklh& K|h`ye kfi`uloy fef"olka`o fh|k~o ysoikoy }gkigghqaeq h nu`` hqqh{ en fh|k~o nhufh hfl go`s |ebhkf|hkf |go y{y|ob& \go ysoikoy lk~oqyk|{ kyowios|kefh` hfl h |oy|hbof| |e |go se|of|kh` }o

gh~o kf Yeu|g N`eqklh neq h s`of|knu` hfl yuy|hkf"ha`o `knoy|{`o&

\go Neel Neqoy| }k`` ao lqhy|kih``{ lknnoq"of| nqeb |go |{skih` ~omo|ha`o mhqlof |gh|lkoy enn hfl buy| ao qos`hf|ol o~oq{ yohyef&]gk`o |go y|ulof| ael{ }k`` kfieqseqh|o yebohffuh` nquk|y hfl ~omo|ha`oy |go{ s`hf ef neiuy"kfm bhkf`{ ef iu`|k~h|kfm |qeskih` hfl yua"|qeskih`soqoffkh` nquk| |qooy |gh| }k`` sqe~klo neel neqloihloy |e iebo& \go sekf| en uykfm |go neelneqoy| loykmf belo` ky |e iqoh|o !oiey{y|oby! en

neel sqelui|kef&

Hbhflh Hlhby yghqol }o hqo kfieqseqh|kfm`hqmo ihfes{ |qooy ybh``oq |qooy ~kfoy goqah"ioeuy s`hf|y `omubkfeuy mqeufl ie~oqy hflbeqo |e bkbki |go onnkikof| }h{ fh|uqh` neqoy|oiey{y|oby nufi|kef& \go ofl qoyu`| }k`` ao hyo`n"yuy|hkfkfm hauflhf| yeuqio en neel neq |goNMI_ iebbufk|{ kf|e |go nu|uqo&

Iuqqof|`{ bobaoqy hqo lekfm ohq|g}eqdy |esqoshqo |go gh`n"hiqo en `hfl neqs`hf|kfm& \go mqeus }hy y|qh|omkikf aqkfmkfm y|ulof|y |emo|goq neqh yoq~kio"`ohqfkfm o~of| Bh{ 89hfl 8< h| }gkig hssqewkbh|o`{ ?3y|ulof|y nhiu`|{ hfly|hnn ihbo eu| }k|g yge~o`y sk|ig"neqdy hfl qhdoy |e go`s |go NeelNeqoy| owoiu|o |go loykmf en |goNeel Neqoy| |gh| kfi`uloy sh|g}h{yhfl qhkyol aohby&

Hlhby yghqoy |goqo ky y|k`` buig}eqd |e ao lefo hfl }o hqo h`}h{yhiios|kfm beqo ~e`uf|ooqy(

Kn ysoflkfm hf hn|oqfeef yehdkfmus |go yuf hfl mo||kfm {euq ghflylkq|{ neq |go iu`|k~h|kef en yuy|hkf"ha`o neel yuss`{ yeufly kf|oqoy|"kfm {eu ihf obhk` |go mqeush| neelneqoy|hl~kyeq{ieufik`Cmbhk`&ieb&

?> NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

|hdoy ef |go Neel Neqoy| h|N`eqklh Mu`n Iehy| _fk~oqyk|{

HbhflhHlhby

A{ Dh{`h LhIey|h

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@eu Hff Dhsikf h sqejoi| bhfhmoq }k|g Hqigk"|oi|uqo Kfi& neq |go `hy| < {ohqy ghy aoof lo"ykmfkfm auk`lkfmy hfl e~oqyookfm iefy|qui|kefneq i`kof|y neq e~oq 89 {ohqy& Gh~kfm }eqdol eflk~oqyo sqejoi|y |gh| kfi`ulo iguqigoy yigee`yhfl iuy|eb geboy ygo ofje{y bhdkfm i`kof|yklohy hfl ~kykef aoiebo qoh`k|koy&

Efo yuig qoh`|{ ky |go qoiof|`{ iebs`o|"ol 9333 yxuhqo nee| qofe~h|kef en |goIebbufk|{ Ieesoqh|k~o Bkfky|qkoy Kfieqseqh|ol'IIBK+ O~oq{lh{ Ihn kf Ihso Ieqh`& @eu Hffieeqlkfh|ol |qhfy`h|kfm |go hq|ky|ki loykmf kf |e|go iefy|qui|kef leiubof|y foioyyhq{ |e aqkfm|go sqejoi| |e `kno( \go O~oq{lh{ Ihn yoq~oy hyh ihn hfl neel shf|q{ nhik`k|{ neq fool{ soq"yefy kf |go hqoh&K| }hy |gqk``kfm |e ao h shq| en |gky sqejoi|iebbof|ol @eu Hff& Hqigk|oi|uqo Kfi& hy hnkqb ky ow|qobo`{ iebbufk|{ eqkof|ol ye k| }hyh mqoh| nk| |ee&@eu Hffy h`ye h shq| en |go fow| IIBK sqejoi|

|gh|y aomkffkfm |e me ufloq iefy|qui|kef " qof"e~h|kfm |go eqmhfkzh|kefy nhik`k|{ kf Ik|{ en Neq|B{oqy&

Au| lef| |gkfd neq h bkfu|o ygoy h`` fubaoqyhfl nkmuqoy& Fkmg|y hfl }oodofly {eu`` `kdo`{nkfl goq }eqdkfm ef h qhio ihq eq |qhidyklo h|Yoaqkfm Lh{|efh eq Geboy|ohl ghfmkfm }k|gnqkofly uf|k` goq fow| qhio& _f|k` GOQ fow| qhio5

K }hy fe| h nqk``{ mkq` mqe}kfm us4 K go`sol b{Lhl }eqd ef ihqy& K hb h`}h{y hbhzol h| |goqoysefyo soes`o gh~o }gof |go{ nkfl eu| K gh~o

aoof auk`lkfm hfl qhikfm Ysoi Bkh|hy neq ;

{ohqy& Ysoi Bkh|h ky h i`hyy en qhio ihq neq qehlqhikfm |gh| h``e}y neq `kbk|ol belknkih|kefy kf|go Yseq|y Ihq I`ua en Hboqkih 'YIIH+ hfl Fh"|kefh` Hu|e Yseq|y Hyyeikh|kef 'FHYH+ qhioy&

Aokfm hf kflosoflof| |gkfdoq hfl ykfm`o @euHff fhbol goq |ohb Bh~oqkid Efo Qhikfm& Ygoghy h`ye ihbshkmfol goq ihq kf Kbsqe~ol \euq"kfm hfl N"Sqelui|kef hfl qhikfm h| Qehl H|`hf|hhfl Qeoa`kfm Qehl hqo meh`y neq fow| qhio yoh"yef&

@eu Hff en|of gohqy soes`o yh{ K~o h`}h{y}hf|ol |e qhio ihqy& au| }gof hydol }g{ |go{gh~of| ne``e}ol |gokq lqohb hfl |go hfy}oqy~hq{ nqeb Kb |ee e`l k| iey|y ye buig k|y |eeghql |e fe qohyef h| h``& K lef| }hf| |e auy|hf{efoy auaa`o owiuyoy hqo owiuyoy "qhikfm`kdo hf{|gkfm {eu }hf| kf `kno |hdoy s`hffkfmhfl HI\KEF&

]gof ygoy fe| qhikfm @eu Hff uyoy goq ~h`u"ha`o hqigk|oi|uqo ydk``y |e qofe~h|o goq >3"{ohq"e`l geuyo&

NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 ?

@euHff

DhsikfLqk~kfm hfl Lqh}kfm

h Y|qhkmg| @kfoA{ Yhbhf|gh Y

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?7 NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

Iebs`obof|kfm h `omoflhq{ buykih` ihqooq yo~"oqh` hq|ky|y }k|g e~oq 93 {ohqy en buykih` owsoqk"ofio iebo |emo|goq |e aqkfm |go Akm Aoh| |eYeu|g}oy| N`eqklh& \go ahfl ky iebsqkyol en hneuq"skoio qg{|gb yoi|kef "" skhfe muk|hq ahyylquby hfl h geqf yoi|kef& Of|euqhmo h mqeus en`kdo"bkflol buykikhfy kfi`ulkfm muk|hqky| Y|o~of^efyghq|y, ahyy Qemoq @hbaoq|, do{aehqlky| IgqkySo|oqyef, yhwesgefky| Qelfo{ Qejhy, lqubboq

Nqhfd Haqhbk hfl ~eih`ky|y Oqkih Goklof hflHf|gef{ Ahqio`e gh~o aoof dfe}f |e }e} |gokqhulkofio&

Of|euqhmo ghy hf ow|ofyk~o qosoq|eq{ en bu"ykih` y|{`oy nqeb qeid @h|kf ses kf|oqfh"|kefh` hfl Hboqkihf buyki& Yebo en |go o~of|ykf }gkig |go ahfl soqneqby hqo neq eiihykefyyuig hy ieqseqh|o }ollkfmy hffk~oqyhqkoy sqk"~h|o shq|koy hfl e|goq o~of|y |gqeumgeu| Yeu|g"}oy| N`eqklh&

Ysoflkfm |kbo |h`dkfm }k|g Y|o~of ^efyghq|y hfl|go e|goqy K me| h ighfio |e ufloqy|hfl |gokqshyykef hfl gky|eq{ |emo|goq }gkig qo~oh`ol}g{ |go{ jk~ol ye }o``& Ohig efo en |go bobaoqyghy h yoba`hfio haeu| |gob |gh| bhdoy |gobufkxuo& Nqhfd Haqhbk hf kf|uk|k~o lqubboq ghyse}oqnu` {o| ief|qe``ol aoh|y& Go bhy|oqol |goydk``nu` hq| en lqubbkfm ykfio |go hmo en |}o`~o&Y|oosol kf h iqoh|k~o of~kqefbof| Oqkih Goklofqoie``oi|y bobeqkoy en ghfmkfm eu| hy h igk`l}k|g goq shqof|y gh~kfm aoof kf~e`~ol kf buyki

neq {ohqy& [eu ihf yoo ge} Oqkih ghy |hdof |gh||h`of| |e fo} `o~o`y& Hf|gef{ Ahqio`e ghy soq"neqbol neq e~oq 93 {ohqy |h`dy ge} go noo`y yeofieuqhmol yookfm |go hulkofio aoiebo shq|en |go o~of|& Qelfo{ Qejhy ghy mqe}f us }k|ggky nhbk`{ s`h{kfm yhwesgefoy hfl bhf{ e|goqkfy|qubof|y h |qu`{ |h`of|ol mu{& Igqky So|oqyefh gk`hqkeuy buykikhf }ge `k~oy gky `kno |go }h{go s`h{y gky buykiNuf( Qemoq @hbaoq|, }gesoqneqby nqeb h mofukfo s`hio gky gohq| y|hq|ols`h{kfm h| neuq|oof {ohqy e`l ie~oqkfm o~oq{|gkfmnqeb yen| qeid |e Jhzz nuykef& Y|o~of efyghq|yky h ae`l y}kfmkfm ghql s`h{kfm buykikhf }ge

@eed Yghqs, S`h{ YghqsA{ Yie|| A`hid

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 ?;

Yh~o us |e =?/ef \oqb @kno Kfyuqhfio(

*Bh|qkw Lkqoi|, Kfi& ky h yuayklkhq{ enHboqkihf Mofoqh` @kno Kfyuqhfio Iebshf{ 'HM@+hfl hf hnnk`kh|o en\go _fk|ol Y|h|oy @kno Kfyuqhfio Iebshf{ kf |go Ik|{Fo} [eqd '_Y@+& Qh|oy iuqqof| hy en 88%8>%3;, Sqonoqqol S`uy _floq}qk|kfm I`hyy, Neqb )3=33=, kyyuol a{ HM@, Geuy|ef, \W& Sqobkub ighqmoy losofl ef o~kloen kfyuqhak`k|{& Sqobkuby kfiqohyo h| |go ofl en |go muhqhf|ool |oqb kn qofo}ol& Loh|g aofonk| qobhkfy o~o`& \go se`ki{ bh{ ao ief|oy|ol neq |}e {ohqy nqeb len kyyuo neq bh|oqkh` bkyy|h|obof|y eq ebkyykefy ef |go hss`kih|kef& Se`ki{ ky kbk|ol |e qo|uqf en sqobkub shkl kf |go o~of| en yukiklo }k|gkf nkqy| |}e {ohqy& ufloq}qk|kfm qkydy, nkfhfikh` hfl ief|qhi|uh` ea`kmh|kefy hfl yusseq| nufi|kefy hyyeikh|ol }k|g sqelui|y kyyuol a{ HM@ hqo k|y qoysefykak`k|{& HM@ leoy fe| yeauykfoyy kf |go y|h|o en F[& Se`kikoy hfl qkloqy fe| h~hk`ha`o kf h`` y|h|oy& Kf F[ Y|h|o, |oqb `kno kfyuqhfio ky h~hk`ha`o |gqeumg _Y@, Neqb )3=33F& Iebshqahyol ef bef|g`{ sqobkub qh|oy hy en 88%8>%3; neq h 83 {ohq o~o` |oqb se`ki{, kyyuol h| ohig iebshf{y aoy| sua`kygol qh|oy neq h nobh`o, hmo 93, fef"ybeHmofi{ yoq~kioy sqe~klol a{ Qefh`l J& 'Jegf+ Ghqqky kf KH, \F hfl \4 Bh|qkw Lkqoi| Kfyuqhfio Yoq~kioy kf IH ')3A?=>8;+, BO, BH, hfl ED4 Bh|qkw Lkqoi| KfyuqhHmofi{, Kfi& kf _\4 hfl Bh|qkw Lkqoi|, Kfi& kf HQ ')1

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Kf |go }hdo en h qo~e`u|kef |e oh| goh`|gkoq neely|goqo hqo iuy|eboqy }ge }k`` fe| yo||`o neq |go h~oq"hmo auqmoq hfl yelh ~h`uo bofu& Yebo soes`o yh{k|y lkniu`| flkfm h`|oqfh|k~oy, au| K yh{ eed hqeuflhfl hyd hqeufl& Hfl kn {eu gh~o ighfioy hqo |gh|{eu gohql en Ihn Mo`h|e& \go aohu|knu` hbakhfioky juy| h soqd hy nqoxuof| iuy|eb"oqy hfl fo} iuy|eboqy me |goqo neq

aqohdnhy| `ufig hfl lkffoq |e mo| hqoh` |hy|o en hu|gof|ki K|h`khf iukykfo&

@eih|ol kf Feq|g Seq| }k|gkfh sqkbo `eih|kef Ihn Mo`h|eaehy|y esof yoh|kfm `e|y en fh|uqh``kmg| hfl nqoyg hkq& H aohu|knu` nhb"k`{ qoy|huqhf| |uidol h}h{ nqeb|go guy|`o hfl |go auy|`o ennoqy {euh s`hio neq mqoh| lkffkfm xuko|foyyhfl h ak| en fey|h`mkh& K|y |qhlk|kefh`meel neel ohqfy k| hy h xuh`k|{ qoy"|huqhf| hfl k|y i`ohf beloqf `kfoyhfl `okyuqo`{ h|beysgoqo bhdoy k| hsoqnoi| s`hio |e ofje{ hf hn|oqfeef eqo~ofkfm& \go nqofo|ki ofoqm{ |gh| yebo bh{ yoo h|e|goq ygesy ky hayof| goqo& Qh|goq, |go h|beysgoqoofieuqhmoy {eu |e y`e} le}f hfl hssqoikh|o {euqneel& \go e}foqy @ukmk hfl @kflh no`| |goqo }hy hfool neq h mqoh| K|h`khf qoy|huqhf| kf |go yeu|g}oy|qomkef |gh| yoq~oy K|h`khf neel }k|g `e|y en }hqb|g&

Ihn Mo`h|e ghy aoof hqeufl neq yo~of {ohqy hfl}k`` ohyk`{ aoiebo {euq nh~eqk|o s`hio |e oh|& \gky

nhbk`{ e}fol auykfoyy ghy yuig h }hqb h|be"ysgoqo hfl k| ky }k|g |gky yhbo h||k|ulo |gh| hmqoh| loh` en onneq| ky s`hiol kf bhdkfm o~oq{|gkfmgebobhlo4 nqeb lkffoq |e loyyoq|& \go ~hqko|{ enghflbhlo loyyoq|y aogkfl |go m`hyy ihyo ky jh}"lqesskfm hfl |go{ |hy|o juy| hy meel hy |go{ `eed

H`|geumg Ihn Mo`h|e bh{ ao h ih"

yuh` ihno k|y yoq~kio ky h`}h{y efsekf|& \goqo ky h ykmfkihf| ighfio|gh| @ukmk gkbyo`n }k`` ao |hdkfm {euqeqloq eq @kflh yoq~kfm {eu efo en|gokq h~eqnu` nqoyg ahdol meelyHf{efo ihf ofje{ iee` lqkfdy h loy"yoq| o~of hf oysqoyye& K loiklol |eme |go shy|q{ qeu|o eqloqkfm h nquk||hq| |gh| |hy|ol ae|g au||oq{ hfl}efloqnu``{ `kmg| h| |go yhbo |kbo

Kf hf onneq| |e yh|kyn{ |gokq iuy|eboqy@ukmk hfl @kflh loiklol |e bhdo |gokqgebobhlo yhuio h~hk`ha`o |e |gokqiuy|eboqy& 8

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 >

H`ohloq kyf| neqbole~oqfkmg| au| neqmol|gqeumg owsoqkofioyhfl |go mh|goqkfm en dfe}`olmo&Ye ky |go y|eq{ en efo J& Yie||Nkyigoq |go bhf aogkfl Yie||Nkyigoq Of|oqsqkyoy&Yie|| ky h ghfly"ef yo`n"bhlobhf& Gky shyykef neq be|eq"yseq|y aomhf `efm hme }gofgo of|oqol |go kfluy|q{ h| juy|8? {ohqy e`l& Gky qy| owsoqk"ofio }hy kf be|eqyseq|y hy hfOfluqe Qhioq& Ofluqe Qhikfm kyh neqb en be|eqi{i`o yseq| qufsqolebkfhf|`{ enn"qehl kfi`ulkfm

bhf{ lknnoqof| eay|hi`oy hfligh``ofmoy& O~of|uh``{ gky shy"ykef mqo} hfl go suqighyol gkyqy| be|eqi{i`o y|eqo kf 8;77&

Nqeb |goqo Yie|| Nkyigoq Of|oq"sqkyoy neqbol " efo y|qh|omkiy|os h| h |kbo& Fe} h yuiioyynu`nhbk`{ en Ghq`o{"Lh~klyef loh`"oqygksy yoq~kfm |gqoo y|h|oy

Yie|| ky hi|k~o kf |go bhfhmo"bof| en h`` en |gob ofyuqkfm|go{ ennoq ohig iuy|eboq h |quoYie|| Nkyigoq Owsoqkofio& Goghy bhf{ en |go yhbo obs`e{"ooy }eqdkfm }k|g gkb |elh{ hfliqolk|y gky yuiioyy |e yuqqeufl"kfm gkbyo`n }k|g mqoh| soes`ohfl gh~kfm h |quo shyykef neq

|go qklkfm `knoy|{`o&Kn {eu }eqd ghql hfl

qklo ghql hy ky Yie||ybe||e {eu gh~o |e s`h{ghql |ee& Yie||y shyykefky fe| `kbk|ol |e be|eq"i{i`oy hfl gky auykfoyyau| h`ye |go iebbufk|{

hfl e|goq geaakoy& Go gky }knoBhq{ hfl |gokq lhumg|oq Dh|kohqo goh~k`{ kf~e`~ol kf fefsqe|ofloh~eqy |gqeumgeu| Yeu|g"}oy| N`eqklh }goqo |go{ `k~o&Hy |go Neuflkfm bobaoq en |go@oo Ieuf|{ A`oyykfmy kf h Ahid"shid Aehql en Lkqoi|eqy Yie||ghy ghl |go hak`k|{ |e go`s noolguflqoly en igk`lqof kf |go hqoh

Sgk`hf|gqes{ ky ykmfkihf| |egkb hfl go ghy iebbk||ol |ebhdkfm gky loh`oqygksy esoqh|o|go yhbo }h{& H`efm }k|g A`oyy"kfmy kf h Ahidshid go ghy ieeq"lkfh|ol }k|g |go BLH Bhqig enLkboy Akm Aqe|goqy Akm Yky|oqyHf{ Ye`loq hfl SHIO hy }o``hy ieuf|`oyy mqeusy yusseq|"kfm ~o|oqhfy igk`lqof hfl |golkyha`ol&

]gk`o Ofluqe Qhikfm ky kf gkyshy| kf gky nqoo |kbo Yie||y|k`` yfohdy kf me`fm, aeh|kfm,ygkfm hfl |go eiihykefh` meelikmhq&

Yie||Nkyigoq

Auykfoyybhf }k|g Be|eq Ek` kf Gky A`eel

A{ Yhbhf|gh Yie||

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>1 NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

Hy h Aehql Ioq|knkol Qosqelui|k~o Of"leiqkfe`emky| K hb |go Neufloq hfl Bolk"ih` Lkqoi|eq en Ysoikh`ky|y kf Qosqelui|k~oBolkikfo . Yuqmoq{ kf Neq| B{oqy& ]o hqo kf|go bkly| en euq 13|g {ohq hfl gh~o go`sol|geuyhfly en soes`o hfl ieus`oy auk`l nhbk"`koy& Kf nhi| }o juy| qoiof|`{ io`oaqh|ol

fohq`{ 1333 akq|gy&

]gk`o b{ }eqd nu`nk``y bo kf bhf{}h{y K y|k`` noo` |go fool |e ao e|goq"}kyo iqoh|k~o& Ykfio K gh~o |e }eqd ye buigK oflol us a`oflkfm }eqd }k|g s`ohyuqoofje{kfm ae|g h| yebo `o~o`& K uyol |e lqh}hfl o~of shkf|ol aqkon`{ ge}o~oq K gh~oh`}h{y ofje{ol sge|emqhsg{& Mqhsgki loykmf}hy h fh|uqh` |qhfyk|kef iebakfkfm ae|g o`o"bof|y&

K| y|hq|ol haeu| 13 {ohqy hme }gof K lo"ykmfol euq nkqy| `eme& K ief|kfuol |e lo~o`esb{ ydk``y kf b{ yshqo |kbo hfl h no} {ohqyhme of|oqol h ief|oy| juy| neq nuf& \go ief"|oy| }hy su| ef a{ YIESO |go `k|oqhq{ jeuq"fh` en Yeu|goqf K``kfeky Yigee` en Bolkikfo'b{ h`bh bh|oq+ h yge}ihyo neq |go hq|ky|ki|h`of|y en |go bolkih` yigee` iebbufk|{&

\go skoio K of|oqol }hy h lkmk|h` kbhmoof|k|`ol \go Ake`emki I`eid K }hy u||oq`{hbhzol |e }kf nkqy| s`hio neq b{ kbhmo(

E~oq |go {ohqy b{ mqhsgki loykmf onneq|y|qhfynoqqol |e |go }oa& K~o iqoh|ol h no}}oayk|oy hfl iqoh|ol eq h| `ohy| belknkolfohq`{ h`` |go kbhmoy ef |go yk|oy& \go bey|qoiof| igh``ofmo }hy neq Obaq{e Lefh|kefKf|oqfh|kefh` '}}}&Obaq{eLefh|kef&ieb+h yualk~kykef en Ysoikh`ky|y kf Qosqelui|k~o

Bolkikfo . Yuqmoq{& Euq mkn|ol |ohb lo~o`"esol |go `eme hfl }oa loykmf& Neq b{ shq| Kofje{ol iqoh|kfm eq belkn{kfm y|eid kbhmoy|gqeumgeu| |go yk|o hy }o`` hy }qk|kfm |goies{ neq |go yk|o& Aokfm h Qosqelui|k~o Ofle"iqkfe`emky| hfl hf Eay|o|qkikhf%M{foie`emky|K yusseyo k| }hy h `haeq en `e~o&

Lq& Iqhkm Q& Y}oo|Sg{ykikhf hfl Hq|ky|

A{ Yhbhf|gh Yie||

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\go Ebfk I`ua Shq|foq .Neqboq Bq& Hboqkih

NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 >

]k``khb M& Lh~o{, B&Y&, ao||oq dfe}f hy Ak``,

ky h y|hs`o en |go nk|foyy yiofo kf Neq| B{"

oqy& Hy h shq|foq kf \go Ebfk I`ua, efo en

Neq| B{oqy bey| }o`` dfe}f m{by, soes`o qo`{

ef gkb |e y|h{ goh`|g{ hfl nk|& Ak``y neiuy ef

nk|foyy y|hq|ol `efm aoneqo \go Ebfk I`ua }hy

hqeufl |geumg& Kf nhi|, go }hy Bq& Hboqkih kf

8;;=(

H ael{ auk`lkfm yge} su| ef a{ |go Hbh|ouq

H|g`o|ki _fkef, |go Bq& Hboqkih iebso|k"

|kef ky lqum"|oy|ol hfl ghy aoof kf owky|ofio

ykfio |go ohq`{ 8;?3y& Gh~kfm aoof shq|kik"

sh|kfm kf iebso|k|k~o ael{auk`lkfm ykfio 8;;8

k| }hy |go gkmg`kmg| en Ak``y iebso|k|kef lh{y

|gh| ief|kfuol |gqeumg 1339&

Ak`` go`sol neufl \go Ebfk I`ua hfl ky qoysef"

yka`o neq bhf{ iebsefof|y |gh| yo| k| hshq|

en e|goq m{by kf |go hqoh& Go loykmfol |go

i`ua iefios| nqeb yiqh|ig, iqoh|ol Ak``{y

Aee| Ihbs 'efo en |go bey|

sesu`hq i`hyyoy \go I`ua ennoqy+

hfl ky qoysefyka`o neq aqkfmkfm

|go ybh`` mqeus |qhkfkfm 'Nkmg|I`ua, \QW, S_QO+ |e qoh`k|{&

Goy h`ye qoysefyka`o neq aqkfm"

kfm |go Ael{aumm sqemqhb |e

Yeu|g}oy| N`eqklh, h ufkxuo hfl

soqyefh`kzol ih`eqko hfl nk|foyy

|qhidkfm y{y|ob&

Hy h shq|foq kf \go Ebfk I`ua,

Ak`` ky qoysefyka`o neq ief|kfukfm

|e lo~o`es fo} sqemqhby hfl

qo~ofuo yeuqioy neq \go I`ua&

Shq| en |gky ky |go suqighyo en

h _Neel Mqk`` nqhfigkyo y`h|ol|e esof }k|gkf \go Ebfk I`ua kf

|go nh`` en 1388& Ak`` ief|kfuoy

|e |ohig Aee| Ihbs hfl qoiof|"

`{ aqeumg| kf h Bolkih` Lkqoi"

|eq |e `hufig \go I`uay Bolkih``{ Yusoq~kyol

]okmg| @eyy Sqemqhb&

A k ` `y |quo shyykef ky go`skfm e|goq soes`oe~oqiebo ahqqkoqy |e sg{ykih` nk|foyy,go`skfm |gob higko~o hfl owiool |gokq meh`y&

H shqof| gkbyo`n |e |gqoo }k|g hfe|goq ef |go

}h{, goy owshflkfm |gky |e kfi`ulo igk`lqof}k|g h fo} gkmg yigee` h|g`o|ki sqemqhb hfl

|go lo~o`esbof| en hf usiebkfm igk`lgeel

eaoyk|{ sqemqhb

\go ae||eb `kfo ky, Ak`` Lh~o{ fe| ef`{ |h`dy

|go |h`d, au| go }h`dy |go }h`d hfl hi|y hy hf

owhbs`o neq \go Ebfk I`uay y|hnn hfl bob"

aoqy& Gky shyykef neq goh`|g hfl nk|foyy ygkfo

|gqeumg kf |go bhf{ `k~oy go ghy |euigol hfl

ief|kfuoy |e yusseq| |gqeumg \go I`ua&

A{ Yhbhf|gh Yie|

Sge|e

a{OHY%Buyi`o

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\{`oq Ennoqbhf h N`eqklh Mu`n Iehy|_fk~oqyk|{ of~kqefbof|h` y|ul"koy y|ulof| ghy xuk|o h qobhqdha`oy|eq{& Hshq| nqeb aokfm h lko"ghqlhl~eih|o neq of~kqefbof|h` yuy"|hkfhak`k|{ hfl h}hqofoyy Ennoq"bhf yoq~oy hy h muklo neq y|ulof|ynhiu`|{ hfl |go iebbufk|{& Gky

lolkih|kef |e gky `eih` iebbufk|{hfl gky ufl{kfm `e~o neq bhfdkflbhdoy \{`oq Ennoqbhf ae|g hf eu|"y|hflkfm y|ulof| hfl gubhfk|hqkhf&

Gky y|eq{ ky efo |gh| `oh~oy buigqeeb neq }efloqbof|& Ennoqbhf ief"|qkau|oy buig en gky yuiioyy |e gkyshqof|y }ge kfyskqol gkb kf lknnoqof|}h{y& \{`oqy nh|goq }hy h`}h{y hf hl"~eih|o en }k`l s`hioy hfl h ie``oi|eqen qos|k`oy hfl hbsgkakhfy& Ennoqbhfjedoy K mqo} us }k|g beqo so| |uq|`oy|ghf gubhf nqkofly& Nqeb akq|g gky

nh|goq kfy|k``ol kf gkb h qo~oqofio hflqoysoi| neq fh|uqo |gh| ky h| |go ieqo engky owky|ofio |elh{& Kf hllk|kef gky nh"|goq |humg| gkb ge} |e |gkfd iqk|kih``{|e h`}h{y xuoy|kef hyyubs|kefy hfl|e h`kmf }eqd o|gkiy hfl yeikh`"o|gkiy&

Ef |go e|goq ghfl \{`oqy be|goq kf"yskqol gkb kf h iebs`o|o`{ lknnoqof|}h{& Fe| ef`{ lkl ygo yunnoq nqeb h`ie"ge`kyb ygo }hy loobol ak"se`hq lkyeq"loq hfl yunnoqol }k|g h `kno"`efm ah||`ohmhkfy| losqoyykef& Ygo }hy kf hfleu| en Ennoqbhfy `kno nqeb |gh| sekf|

neq}hql }k|g |kboy ysof| |emo|goq ao"kfm |ubu`|ueuy h| aoy|& Neq gky of|kqoigk`lgeel go fo~oq hi|uh``{ me| |edfe} gky be|goq ~oq{ buig& \go {ohqgo `on| igk`lgeel hfl aoihbo h |oof"hmoq go `ey| |gh| ighfio neqo~oq4 En"noqbhfy be|goq }hy lkhmfeyol }k|gybh``"io`` ioq~kih` ihfioq h qhqo hfllohl`{ neqb& Aoihuyo gky be|goq lklfe| qomu`hq`{ yoo h lei|eq eq mofoq"h``{ |hdo ihqo en goq goh`|g o~of fkfobef|gy en igobe ieu`l le fe|gkfm |eyh~o goq& Ygo shyyol h}h{ hfl |eed}k|g goq hf{ ighfio en Ennoqbhf o~oq

gh~kfm h qoh` be|goq |e dfe} hfl `e~o&

Ne``e}kfm |go `eyy en gky be|goq En"noqbhf }of| kf h le}f}hql yskqh`&Go aomhf bolh`kfm }k|g lqumy hfl h`"iege` |e `` |go ~ekl kf gky gohq|& Yeefofeumg go aomhf |e gh|o b{yo`n uf"ha`o |e fl i`eyuqo eq ye`hio& Go }hyhqqoy|ol yo~oqh` |kboy hn|oq go aomhfghfmkfm eu| }k|g `oyy |ghf qoysoi|ha`omqeusy en soes`o bey| en }geb }oqoe`loq |ghf gkbyo`n& Ennoqbhf ahqo`{mqhluh|ol Gkmg Yigee` hfl ghl fes`hfy eq lkqoi|kef neq |go qoy| en gky kno&

]gof go |eed |go kfk|kh|k~o |e ofqe`` h|

N`eqklh Mu`n Iehy| _fk~oqyk|{ go ghl felkqoi|kef eq shyykef& Ennoqbhf loiklol|e y|ul{ hq| hy h bhjeq aoihuyo k| }hy|go ef`{ |gkfm go qobe|o`{ ofje{ol&

Hn|oq go fkygol gky qy| yoboy|oq h|NMI_ kf 133= }k|g y|qhkmg| Iy Ennoqbhfqoh`kzol go }hy }hy|kfm gky `kno h}h{&Go y|h|oy h| |go hmo en fkfo|oof |goef`{ |gkfm K ghl |e yge} neq b{yo`n }hyh `ofm|g{ hqqoy| qoieql hfl h ieus`o enfhy|{ yihqoy& K }hy yohqigkfm neq h suq"seyo& B{ yoiefl yoboy|oq neufl bo kfh yk|uh|kef |gh| }eu`l neqo~oq ighfmob{ ieuqyo hfl sqoyof| bo }k|g }gh|ghy fe} aoiebo b{ `knoy suqseyo&

Efo en gky sqenoyyeqy Lq& Sgk` H``bhfhydol gkb hfl yo~oqh` e|goq y|ulof|ykn |go{ }eu`l ao kf|oqoy|ol kf iebkfm|e h boo|kfm |e lkyiuyy |go neqbh|kefen h ihbsuy i`ua hqeufl }k`l`kno hflake`em{ h| NMI_& Ennoqbhf loiklol|e jekf kf ef |go boo|kfm }k|geu| hf{qoh` owsoi|h|kefy& \go y|ulof|y |h`dolhfl aqhkfy|eqbol haeu| }gh| h }k`l`knoi`ua }eu`l `eed `kdo hfl |gof ihbo |e|go shq| en ief~oqyh|kef }goqo |go{}oqo |e febkfh|o h sqoyklof| |e auk`l

|gky eqmhfkzh|kef nqeb |go mqeufl us&

Ennoqbhf y|h|oy& K y|k`` qobobaoq |gkybebof| ~oq{ i`ohq`{& H y|qhfmo yk`ofiono`` e~oq |go qeeb hfl o~oq{efo y|hq|"ol mk~kfm ohig e|goq yklo}h{y m`hfioyyookfm }ge }eu`l bhdo |go qy| be~o&K qobobaoq noo`kfm dkfl en y|qhfmo hflghz{ `kdo |go }h{ {eu noo` }gof {euy|hfl us |ee nhy|& \goqo ky fe }h{ Kieu`l le k| K |geumg| |e b{yo`n& Kbh `eyoq K ihf ghql`{ quf b{ e}f `kno& \gof K yh} goq b{ be|goq& Goq nhio

eh|ol kf b{ bkfl, yh{kfm fe|gkfmau| ykbs`{ ybk`kfm& Kf |gh| kfy|hf| qoh`kzol }gh| b{ `kno }eu`l `eed `kdokn K ief|kfuol |e }hy|o k| h}h{ |e ykfhfl yo`ygfoyy& K }eu`l ofl us `kdob{ be|goq& K h`ye qoh`kzol ge} usyo||gh| }eu`l bhdo b{ be|goq }ge h`"}h{y |e`l bo |gh| K }eu`l le mqoh|oq

|gkfmy |ghf goq hfl bhdo goq sqeulhfl b{ nh|goq }ge ghl mk~of us gkylqohby ye |gh| K }eu`l gh~o |go beq"h`y hfl qoyeuqioy |e owiool& Hy K ghl|go qoh`kzh|kefy K ieu`l noo` b{yo`nbe~kfm& ]gof b{ h||of|kef qo|uqfol|e |go qeeb K qoh`kzol b{ ghfl}hy qhkyol hfl K ghl juy| aoiebo|go sqoyklof| en |go fo}`{ neqbolYeu|g N`eqklh ]k`l`kno Hyyeikh|kef&

Aoiebkfm |go sqoyklof| en YN]H }hy|go qy| lebkfe kf h yoqkoy en o~of|y

|gh| |eed Ennoqbhf nqeb h `ey| {eu|g

|e h {eufm `ohloq ef N`eqklh Mu`n Iehy|_fk~oqyk|{y ihbsuy |gqeumgeu| N`eqk"lh hfl Hboqkih& Kf 133; \{`oq }hy mk~"of |go esseq|ufk|{ |e h||ofl h ak"hf"fuh` {eu|g `ohloqygks yubbk| ih``olSe}oq Ygkn| 'h sqejoi| en h fef"sqe|ih``ol |go Ofoqm{ Hi|kef Ieh`k|kef+ ao"ihuyo en gky kf~e`~obof| }k|g YN]HSe}oq Ygkn| 133; }hy |go ief~oqmofioen |go {eu|g i`kbh|o be~obof| yebo"|gkfm go ghl fo~oq gohql en hfl ghlkf|qeluiol gkb |e kyyuoy soes`o hfls`hioy |gh| go ieu`l fo~oq gh~o nh|g"ebol& 81333 soes`o ief~oqmol kf

]hygkfm|ef L&I& |gh| {ohq |e |o`` |gofh|kef |gh| |go {eu|g }oqo goqo }oqo`eul hfl }eu`l fe| aokfm |hdof neqmqhf|ol& Go `ohqfol haeu| kyyuoy yuighy Beuf|hkf"|es Qobe~h` hfl Of~kqef"bof|h` Juy|kio, shq|kiksh|ol kf |qhkf"kfmy hfl }eqdygesy ef ge} |e eqmhfkzokf iebbufk|koy& Kf hllk|kef go `eaakolgky Iefmqoyykefh` qosqoyof|h|k~oyEnnoqbhf ennoqy bey| kbseq|hf|`{K bo| {eufm soes`o juy| `kdo bo }ge}oqo `ohlkfm mg|y kf |gokq ieb"bufk|koy hmhkfy| kfjuy|kio essqoy"

ykef hfl loy|qui|kef& K qoh`kzol |gh|kn |go{ ieu`l le k| ye ieu`l K( K `on|Se}oq Ygkn| 133; }k|g yebo|gkfm ghl fo~oq ghl aoneqo h suqseyo&

Ykfio 133; Ennoqbhf ghy fe| y|essolne``e}kfm |gh| suqseyo& Go aoihbo|go Lkqoi|eq en Of~kqefbof|h` Kfk|kh"|k~oy neq N`eqklh Mu`n Iehy| _fk~oq"yk|{y Y|ulof| Me~oqfbof| kf 133;hfl }hy h}hqlol Lkqoi|eq en |go [ohq neq gky }eqd& Iuqqof|`{ go yk|ef |go Y|ooqkfm Iebbk||oo neq |goOfoqm{ Hi|kef Ieh`k|kef hfl go`sol

\{`oqLekfm ]eqdEnnoqbhfA{ Dh{`h LhIey|h

NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 >

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>> NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

eqefh kmg|@I ]klo Esof

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 >

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@eedkfm Neq H Lqes"Lohl Meqmoeuy Y}kbbkfm

See` \gh|y H`ye Bhkf|ofhfio"Nqoo5@o| uy yofl {eu euq NQOO See` Kloh Muklo L^L& K|y `ehlol }k|g sge|ey klohy hflqkofl`{ hl~kio |e bhdo yuqo {eu bhdo |go aoy| loikykef seyyka`o&

S`uy }o`` yofl {eu |go @h|oy| Qoseq| Ef Zoqe"Bhkf|ofhfio Y}kbbkfm See`y&

Hy efo en |go `ohlkfm see` auk`loqy kf yeu|g}oy| N`eqklh, }o~o loykm

auk`| hfl iefyu`|ol ef }o`` e~oq 1,333 y}kbbkfm see`y& ]o ysoikh`kzoloykmfy |gh| hqo ae|g ufkxuo hfl h lo`kmg| |e e}f& Au| }o le beqo |ghf j

y}kbbkfm see`y:

]k|g h ,? bk``kef le``hq aefl qh|kfm h y|h|o"e"|go"hq| yge}qeeb hik`k|{ hfl h `efm gky|eq{ e gkmg`{ yh|kynol iuy|eboqy {eu dfe} {euqo |h`dkfm |e h auk`loq {eu ihf |quy|& ]go|goq {euqo `eedkfm neq ao||oq goh`|g, beqo `k~kfm yshisqo||koq ahid{hql, eq juy| h sqk~h|o s`hio |e qo`hw, {eu ihf |quy| Neuf|hkf See`y |e bhdo {euq lqohby iebo |quo

81

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=3 NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

A{ Sk`hq Ieqefh

O^OF\: 1388 ]ebof-y Fh|kefh` Me`lof M`e~oy IghbskefygksyLH\O: Ju`{ ;, 1388

H s`hio kf Ighq`e||o Ieuf|{ yebo ih`` ! \go Iof|oq!& Yk|uh|ol h`efm |go Ighq`e||o Ghqaeq aeh|kfm |e}f4 |go ief"

noqofio ky iof|oq |e lkfkfm, hq|y, of|oq|hkfbof| hfl `elmkfm& Ennoqkfm ~kyk|eqy hfl `eih`y esseq|ufk|koy neq |ohb auk`lkfm,

mqeus hfl ysefyeqol o~of|y& @o|-y fe| neqmo| yseq|y hfl hi|k~k|koy neq nhbk`koy hy }o``& \go Iefnoqofio Iof|oq ghy e~oq

, 1388

O^OF\: Dkfm en |go Ghqaeq " BBH Nkmg|kfmLH\O: Ju`{ 8>, 1388

O^OF\: Akm Ae{ \e{ Owse sqoyof|ol a{ Ygo`` Bhqdo|kfmLH\O: Yos|obaoq 8="87 1388

O^OF\: Yeu|g}oy| ]ollkfm hfl O~of| OwseLH\O: Yos|obaoq 1? 1388

O^OF\: Hboqkihf Auykfoyy ]ebof-y Hyyeikh|kef Bef|g`{ Boo|kfmLH\O: Ju`{ 1=, 1388

O^OF\: 9ql Hffuh` Yeu|g}oy| N`eqklh Mqoof Nu|uqoy OwseLH\O: Ei|eaoq 8 1388

O^OF\: N`eqklh Ighbskefygks ]qoy|`kfm Yubboq Y`hbhqhbhLH\O: Humuy| 9 1388

O^OF\: 7|g Hffuh` Nqol @hfm Yubboq Ah``LH\O: Ju`{ 93, 1388

O^OF\: 9ql Hffuh` Ofoqm{ Es|kefy IefnoqofioLH\O: Ei|eaoq ? 1388

O^OF\: Buyi`obhfkh" N`eqklh IghbskefygksyLH\O: Ei|eaoq ="71388

_siebkfm O~of|y

=? \h{`eq Y|qoo| " Suf|h Meqlh N@ 99;?3 " ;

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388 =

\uidol |of bk`oy enn |go

aoh|of sh|g kf Neq| B{oqy

`koy |go Olof ]kfoq{,

Yeu|g}oy| N`eqklhy ef`{

}kfoq{& \gky gkllof mobghy xuk|o |go shy|, sqoyof|

hfl nu|uqo& \go ~kfo{hql

ky nhbk`{ e}fol a{ |go

Dkyoq nhbk`{ }ge y|hq|olmqe}kfm mqhsoy e~oq |gkq|{

{ohqy hme kf hf onneq| |eyoo ge} |go nquk|y mqe}|g

|eed |e N`eqklh }oh|goq4

e}foqy hkbol |e sqeluio

|go }eq`ly nkfoy| }kfo&

\elh{ |go }kfoq{ sqeluioy

h nkfo ie``oi|kef en Ighq"

leffh{, Ihaoqfo| yhu~k"mfef, Skfe| Fekq, Boq`e|,

hfl Yhfmke~oyo& \gky ie`"

`oi|kef ky |go lkqoi| qoyu`|en ghql }eqd hfl h mqoh|

y|qkno |e ah||`o N`eqklhy

ufuyuh` }oh|goq ieflk|kefy&

Hn|oq h no} {ohqy en mqe}kfm mqhsoy, e}foqy qoh`kzol |gh|

|go mqhsoy }eu`l o~of|uh``{ lko enn aoneqo iu`|k~h|kef en }kfo

ieu`l eiiuq& Qh|goq |ghf mk~kfm us ef |go ofloh~eq, |go{ lkl

ow|ofyk~o qoyohqig |e nkmuqo eu| |go mofoqh|kef en |go sqea`ob

hfl ge} k| ieu`l ao iebah|ol& \go iu`sqk| }hy Skoqioy Lkyohyo,

h ahi|oqkh |gh| h||hidol |go mqhso ysoiko |go{ }oqo h||obs|"

kfm |e aqool& \go Dkyoq nhbk`{ aomhf h `efm ah||`o |e lo~o`esh g{aqkl mqhso |gh| }eu`l {ko`l mqe}|g& \go qoyu`|y }oqo fe|

`eedol usef }k|g of`kmg|ofbof| nqeb |go }kfoq{ iebbufk|{ ye

|go nhbk`{ |eed |e suqighykfm iu||kfmy nqeb g{aqkly mofoqh|ol

h| |go _fk~oqyk|{ en N`eqklh& \goyo iu||kfmy sqeluiol mqoh|qoyu`|y hfl hn|oq buig |qkh` hfl oqqeq, |go Olof ]kfoq{ aoihbo

`kiofyol h| kf 8;7>&

Kf 133

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BEAK@OMe |e NEI_YENY]N@&iebeqNEI_YENY]N@\^&IEB

ef {euq kShl eq beak`o lo~kio&Qomkefh` kfneqbh|kef h| {euq fmoq|ksy(

Yoq~kio"sqe~kloq nooy bh{ hss`{&H~hk `hak ` k |{ ~hq koy a{ sgefo%fo|}eqd&

}goqo {eu ` k~o hfl }eqd4 k| ky }ge {eu hqo&

kShl, kSgefo, Hflqekl, A`hidAoqq{ hfl }oa ofha`ol beak`o lo~kio

=1 NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

&`oBhIhqef"uY&ib971 Y hby IkiYy, N`;1=";>==19;? \hbkhbk \qhk` " Seq| Ighq`e||o, N@ 99;?1

Hl~oq|kyo }k|g Neiuy Bhmhzkfo en Y]N@

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8"777"?38"

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=< NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1388

\go Auqqeumgy Gebo hfl

Mhqlof yoq~oy hy h a`hy|

nqeb |go shy|& \go Moeqmkhf

Qo~k~h` Bhfykef }gkig }hy

auk`| kf 8;38 ghy xuk|o |go

gky|eq{& \go oy|h|o }hy |go

me |e s`hio neq bhf{ yeikh`

o~of|y |gh| aqeumg| |emo|goq

Neq| B{oqy- o`k|o kfi`ul"

kfm |go Olkyefy Neqly hfl

Nkqoy|efoy& Muoy|y ~kyk|kfm

|go gebo ihf owsoi| |go ao

lhzz`ol a{ hf|kxuo nuqfkyg"

kfmy bhyyoy en gky|eqkih`

hq|knhi|y hfl muklol |euqy

ofiebshyykfm y|eqkoy en

mqe}kfm us ufloq |go nkfo

qeen en }oh`|g{ auykfoyybhf

Fo`yef Auqqeumgy hfl gky

}kno Hlo`kfo&

\go gebo yk|y iuygkefol ef |go ieqfoq en Ne}`oq Y|& hfl Nkqy|&

Y|qoo| kf le}f|e}f Neq| B{oqy& Nqeb hf{ shq| en |go geuyo

efo ihf hayeqa h bhmfknkiof| ~ko} en |go Ih`eeyhgh|igoo Qk~oq&

@eih|ol ef 1&

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NEI_Y en Y]N@ 1383 =?

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