f'o - app.dnp.go.thapp.dnp.go.th/opac/multimedia/ebook/37_539/37_539.pdf · revealed that there appeared the positive relationship between basal area per hectare with magnesium, available

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VEGFFATTON PATTERNS IN THE TROPICAL SEMI-EVERGREEN

FOREST AT SAKAERAT, NAKEION RATCHASINA

1!1 uj:;viiff:3ii

SARAYUDIJ BUNYAVEJCHEWI•N

f'o 4 .00

i7 1i f11 iiiih1

It LFfl n•vm4M 10900

2S3i SILVICULTURAL RESEARCH DIVISION, ROYAL FOREST DEPARTMENT

(1 'I CHATUCHAK, BANGKOK 10900

m. 0. 2537

•

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; , Forest Dcpavtmeit Librt'y

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VEGETATION PATTERNS IN THE TROPICAL SEMI-EVERGREEN

FOREST AT SAKAERAT, NAKIION RATCHASINA

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SARAYUDH BUNYAVEJCIllMIN

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SILVICULTURAL RESEARCH DIVISION, ROYAL FORESTDEPARTMET1

CHAT(JCHAK, BANGKOK 10900

2537

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VEGETATION PATTERNS IN THE TROPICAL SEMI-EVERGREEN

FOREST AT SAKAERAT, NAKEJON RATCHASINA

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9 14

SARAYLJDH BUNYAVEJCHFMIN

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SILVIULTURAL RESEAWH DIVISION, ROYAL FORESTDEPARMEff

CHATUCHAK, BANGKOK 10900

Twelve stands of the tropical semi-evergreen forest at

Sakaerat Environmental Research Station, Nakhon Ratchasima province, NE

Thailand were studied for structure and to determine the relationship of

stand to environmental factors.

The tropical semi-evergreen forest can be divided into two

dominance-types ; Hopea ferrea type and Shorea henryana type. Basal area

and density of all stems (Dbh> 10 cm.) were slightly different between two

types ( 30 m2/ha and 562 trees/ha in Hoja ferrea type and 27 1n2/ha and

514 trees/ha in Shorea henryana type).

Size-class analysis indicated similar structure of two

dominance-types. Both were well described by a negative power curve and

negative exponential distribution. Size-class distributions of

individual species exhibited variable patterns. Regression analysis

revealed that there appeared the positive relationship between basal

area per hectare with magnesium, available moisture capacity, phosphorus

and bulk density. On the other hand silt + clay, soil pH and slope

produced the negative relationships with stand basal area.

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- 5 -

Table 1. Basal area (X + SD) of various forest type in Thailand

Basal area •(m2/ha)

Forest type dbh>10 cm

1. Dry dipterocarp forest (Bunyaveichewin, 1983a)

Shorea siamensis type 20.32 -I- 7.48

Shorea obtusa type 16.74 + 5.55

Dipterocarpus obtusifolius-shorea obtusa type 23.51 ± 7.96

Dipterocarpus tu1xrcu1atus-Shorea obtusa type 23.88 + 8.09

Pine-dipterocarp type 24.39 + 5.24

2. Tropical dry deciduous forest (Bunyavejchewin,

1983b)

Tectona grandis type 38.38 ± 10.53

Lagerstroemia calyculata type 33.12 + 14.30

3. Dry evergreen forest in Nain Prom basin (Sahunalu

et al., 1979) 27.5 .4. Tropical rain forest at •Khao So (ParRtoop, 1980)

valley site 25.0

hill side 32.0

ridge 41.0

5. Coniferous forest at Phu Kradund (Bunyaveichewin,

1979) 13.21

!/

- 6

Table 2. Number of trees in each size-class of the dominance-types of the

tropical semi-evergreen forest . Number within parentheses give

the percentage within each size-class (dbh>10 cm)

dbh Hopera ferrea type Shorea henryana type

(cm ) (trees/ha) (trees/ha)

4.7- 10 592 775

10-• 20 350(62.28) 365(71.01)

20- 30 114(20.28) 83(16. 15)

30- 40 46(8.18) 25(4.86)

40- 50 28(4.98) 15(2.92)

50- 60 12(2.14) 6(1.17)

60-70 4(0.71) 8(1.56)

70- 80 1(0.18) 5(0.97) 80- 90

5(0.89) 20.39

90-100 1(0.18) 1(0.19) 100-110

- 2(0.39)

110-120 - - 120-130 - - 130-140 - 1(0.19)

140-50 - 1(0.19)

150-160 - - 160-170 - - 170-180 1(0.18) -

total (dbh> 10 cm) 562 .514

total (d.bh>4.5 cm) 19,154 19289

- 7 -

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Table •3. Mean standard deviation, and ranges (numbers within parentheses) for soil properties

(0-15 cm depth) and topographic features of the three groups in the tropical semi - evergreen forest

Soil properties and topographic features Hopea ferrea type Shorea henryana type ecotone

bulk density (gm/cc) 1.16 ± 0.06 1.04 ± 0.08 1.01 ± 0.04

(1. 1.1 - 1.25) (0.92 - 1.12) (0.98 - 1.04)

silt+clay (%) 56.40 6.25 54.60 11.12 64.50 0.71

(48.5 - 63.5) 08.5 - 64.0) (64.0 - GS)

pH 4.51 ± 0.78 3.69 ± 0.57 3.25 ± 0

(3.85 - 5.80) (3.00 - 4.20) (3.25)

cation exchange capacity .(meq/100 gm) 7.02 + 1.83 .8.49 + 2.02 6.36 ± 0.65

(4.25 - 8.45) (6.20 - 11.15) (5.90 - !6).82

organic matter (%) 3.19 ± .0.90 3.71 ± 1.55 3.14 ± 0.31

(1.74 - 3.96) (2.61 - 6.41) (2.92 - 3.)36 available phosphorus (ppm) 5.3 1.04 4.70 + 1.99 3.0 ± 0

(4.0 - 6.5) (2.0 - 7.5) (3.0)

exchangeable cation (ppm) potassium

89.50 ± 14.01 108.30 28.55 147.75 + 47.73 (68.5 - 106.5) (90.0 - 157) (114.0 - 1)81.5

calcium 114.20 ± 56.72 287.70 ± 179.47 132.0 ± 31.11

(61.0 - 201.0) (124.0 - 568.5) (110.0 - 15)4.0 magnesium 148.80 ± 55.47 209.50 101.16 122.15 ± .50.56

(88.5 - 210.0) (149.0 - 387.5) (86.5 - 158).0

sodium 16.6 ± 5.803 17.20 ± 3.78 14.25 ± 1.06

ho.o - 24.0) (13.0 - 23.0) • (13.5 - 15.0) available moisture capacity (%) 11.85 ± 1.14 8.71 ± 1.87 6.76 4- 1.13

(0.31 - 13.26) (7.58 - 11.89) (5.96 - 7.56)

elevation (m) 446 ± 20.74 534 ± 63.87 560 ± 0

(410 - 460). (460 - 610) (560 - slope (%) . (0 - 15) (5 - 35) (0)

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Black, C.A. 1968. Soil-plant relations. John Wiley and Sons, New York,

U.S.A.

Bunyaveichewin, S. 1979. Phytosociological structure and soil properties

in Nam Pong Basin. M.S. Thesis. Kasetsart Univ. Bangkok. 123 p.

Bunyavejchewin, S. 1983a. Canopy structure of the dry dipterocarp forest

of Thailand. Thai For. Bull. 14:1-93.

Bun.yavej chew in, S. 1983b. Analysis of the tropical dry deciduous forest

of Thailand, I. Characteristics of the dominance-type. Nat.

lust. Bull. Slain Soc. 31(2),.109-122.

Bunyavei chew in, S. 1986. Ecological studies in the tropical

semi-evergreen rain forest at Sakaerat, Nakhon Rachasima,

northeast Thailand, I. Vegetation patterns. Nat. Hist. Bull.

Siam Soc. 34 (1):35-57.

Leak, W.B. 1965. The J-.shaped probability distribution. Forest

Science 11:405-409.

Muller, R.N. 1982. Vegetation patterns in the mixed mesoph.ytic forest

of eastern Kentucky. Ecoloy 63:1901-1917.

Robertson, P.A., G.T. Weaver, and J.A. Cavanaugh. 1978. Vegetation and

tree species patterns near the northern terminus of the

southern floodplain forest. Ecol. Monogr. 48:249-267.