f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g; guPl;ir njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw - doenets.lk for Technology Answers Guide... · 5 2015 Mk MbYk md gpddk eilngTss nhopDlgtpaYhd tpQQhd khpup tpdhspd tpilShd tophlb

f.ngh.j. (c.ju)g; guPl;ir

njhopDl;gtpay; ghlj;Jiw

67 - njhopDl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhdk;

2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s guPl;irf;fhf

jahupf;fg;gl;l khjpup tpdhf;fSf;Fupa

tpilfSf;fhd topfhl;b

CurriculumAssessment

&Evaluation

Teaching LearningN E T S

Ma;T mgptpUj;jpf; fpis>

Njrpa kjpg;gPl;bw;Fk; guPl;rpj;jYf;Fkhd Nrit>

,yq;ifg; guPl;irj; jpizf;fsk;.

2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s njhopDl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhd khjpup tpdhf;fspd;


f.ngh.j. (c.ju) njhopDl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhdk;

2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s guPl;irf;fhf jahupf;fg;gl;l khjpup tpdhf;fspd;


gj;jpuk; I

tpdh tpil tpdh tpil

,yf;fk; ,yf;fk;

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2f.ngh.j. (c.ju) njhopDl;gtpaYf;fhd tpQ;Qhdk;

2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd; gpd;dUk; eilngwTs;s guPl;irf;fhf

jahupf;fg;gl;l khjpup tpdhf;fspd; tpilfSf;fhd topfhl;b

gj;jpuk; IIgFjp A - mikg;Gf; fl;Liu

1A (i) P - KjYU

Q - gpwg;Gupikg; nghUs; R - gpsh];kpl;L

S - fyr; Rtu; T - KjYU nkd;rt;T (2 x 5 = 10 Gs;spfs;) (ii) nfhf;fR

Nfhf;Nfhgrpyrp

tpg;upNah

grpyR

,Rg;igupy;yk; (2 x 3 = 06 Gs;spfs;)

,Rg;igNuhf;fPw;W

(iii) ^1& Micobacterium spp ^2& Escherichia coli ^3& Clostridium spp ^4& Lactobacillus spp ^2 ‹ 4 = 08 Gs;spfs;&

(iv) ^1& [PNdhk; fUtkpyj;ijg; gpupj;njLj;jy;.

^2& [PNdhk; ,dJ Njitahd gFjpia ntl;bnaLj;jy;> mjw;fhf vd;Nlh epA+f;fpspNaR nehjpak;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

^3& ntl;bnaLj;j DNA gFjpia ,dq;fz;L Ntwhf;fpf; n[yp kpd; mad; (Gele lectrophor†is) %yk;

nra;ag;gLk;.

^4& kPs;Nru;f;if DNA njhopDl;gk; %yk; gpwpNjhu; mq;fpapd; rPNdhk; ,idg; GFj;jy;. ^2 ‹ 4 = 08 Gs;spfs;&

B i) A ^02 Gs;spfs;& ii) B ^02 Gs;spfs;& iii) FSf;NfhR ^05 Gs;spfs;&

iv) B ^05 Gs;spfs;& v) nrYNyhir cilg;gjw;F Njitahd nehjpaq;fs; ,y;yhik.$ β -1, 4 fpisf;Nfhrpbf;

gpizg;Gf;fis cilg;gjw;F Njitahd nehjpaq;fs; ,y;yhik. ^05 Gs;spfs;&

vi) ÷ fljhrpf; ifj;njhopy; $ ehu; ÷ Glitf; ifj;njhopy;> kUe;Jf; ifj;njhopy; Nghd;w rupahd xU tpilf;F ^10 Gs;spfs;& vii) ÷ ntg;gepiy

÷ pH ngWkhdk; ÷ khg;nghUl; nrwpT ÷ nehjpar; nrwpT ^15 Gs;spfs;& viii) ÷ Ngf;fup cw;gj;jpfs;

÷ kJrhu cw;gj;jp$ itd; cw;gj;jp Nghd;w rupahd xU tpilf;F

÷ Nahfl; cw;gj;jp ^15 Gs;spfs;&

3



C i) ÷ Y - epuk;gpa nfhOg;gkpyk; ^02 Gs;spfs;& ÷ Z - epuk;ghj nfhOg;gkpyk; ^02 Gs;spfs;& ÷ X - fpsprNuhy; ^02 Gs;spfs;&

ii) khfupd; ^03 Gs;spfs;&

^nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100&

02. ^⁄& (a) jpwe;j njhFjp ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(b) Nkw;fhTif $ fjpu;g;G ^05 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄⁄&(a) 3A + B → A3B / 3A (l) + B(l) → A3B(l) ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(b) Gwntg;gj;jhf;fkhf ,Uj;jy;. ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(c) (i) d A[ ]dt

^10 Gs;spfs;&

(ii) − 13

d A[ ]dt

^10 Gs;spfs;&

(d) 0.18 mol L−1

60×60( )min× 1

3 = − 1

3 d A[ ]dt

^10 Gs;spfs;&

A3B Njhd;Wk; tPjk; = 13

× 0.18 mol L−1

60×60( )min

= 1.66 × 10−6 mol L−1 min−1

(e) Cf;fpfs;> ntg;gepiyia mjpfupj;jy; $ntg;gNkw;wy; ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(iii) (a), (b)

ntg;gepiy˚C

Neuk; (t)

jputk;

jpz;kk;

jpz;k-jputk;80 ˚C

60 ˚C 30 ˚C

^30 Gs;spfs;&

(c) jpz;k A3B - Fiwthd ngWkhdk;

jpz;k - jput A3B - G+r;rpag; ngWkhdk; jput A3B - cau;thd ngWkhdk;

^15 Gs;spfs;&^nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 100&

4



03' ^⁄& cl;lhilfs;/ cs; jhilfs; ^05 Gs;spfs;& ^⁄⁄& â& 0.4 mm ^05 Gs;spfs;& ^b& fopj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ^05 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄⁄⁄& 14.5+14.3+14.4( )3

− 0.4 = 14.0 mm ^10 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄¤& â& gpd;d tO = ,opT mstPL

mstPL= 0.1 mm

3.2 mm= 0.03 ^10 Gs;spfs;&

^b& rjtPj tO = 0.03×100 = 3 % ^10 Gs;spfs;&

^¤& Ez;khdpj; jpUFf; fzpr;rp

^mjd; rjtPj tO = 0.013.2

×100 = 0.3 % ^10 Gs;spfs;&

^¤⁄& V = a2 −π d2⎛⎝⎜⎞⎠⎟

2⎧⎨⎩

⎫⎬⎭t ^15 Gs;spfs;&

^¤⁄⁄& â& jpzpT ^05 Gs;spfs;& ^b& Kj;Jyhj; juhR$ ,yj;jpudpay; juhR ^05 Gs;spfs;&

^c& ρ = x

a2 − πd2

4⎛

⎝⎜

⎞

⎠⎟t ^10 Gs;spfs;&

^¤⁄⁄⁄& cNyhfj;Jz;Lld;> mlu;j;jp Fiwthd NtW cNyhfnkhd;W fye;jpUj;jy;$ cNyhfj;Jz;L nghs;shf ,Uj;jy;/ cNyhfj;Jz;by; Fopfs; ,Uj;jy;


5



04' â& î&

Gs;sp toq;Ftjw;Fg;

NghJkhdJ

30°30°P

T TQ

R

m g

←⎯⎯

TT

^10 Gs;spfs;&

îi& jPuhe;jpapd; epiw = 5000N rkepiyahff; fhzg;gLtjhy; BC tlj;jpd; ,Otpir = 5000N ^10 Gs;spfs;&

îii& PQR tlj;jpd; ,Otpir T Mapd;

2T cos60 = 5000N T = 5000 N ^15 Gs;spfs;&

^b& î& Y ʹ′Y ^10 Gs;spfs;& îi& cr;r ,Otpir ʹ′T Mapd; Y ʹ′Y mr;irg; gw;wpa jpUg;gj;ijf; fUJtjhy;

ʹ′T ×10+ 20000×5= 2×105 ×2.5

T = 5×105 −105

10 = 40000 N ^15 Gs;spfs;&

îii& Jf;fj;jf;f cr;r jPuhe;jpfspd; vz;zpf;if n Mapd;>

5000×n = 40000

n = 8 ^10 Gs;spfs;&

îv& Nkhl;lhu; thfdj;jpd; cWjpepiyiag; NgZjy; my;yJ

lau;fspd; kPJ mjpf mKf;fk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLtijj; jtpu;j;jy; my;yJ> thfdk;> epyj;Jld; ,ize;J fhzg;gLk; jhq;fpapd; mbg;gFjpapidg;

ngupjhf;Fjy; ^05 Gs;spfs;&

^c& î& Nkhl;lhu; thfdk; ngWk; mOj;jr;rf;jp = 2000×10× 4 = 80 kJ ghue;Jf;fp (Crane) nra;aNtz;ba Ntiy = 80 kJ ^10 Gs;spfs;& îi& fg;gpapd; Row;rpf;F vjpuhf Vw;gLk; cuha;T KWf;fj;Jf;F vjpuhf Ntiy

nra;tjw;Fk;> ntg;gkhfTk; rf;jp tpuakhFk;. ^05 Gs;spfs;&

îii& KWf;fk; tlj;jpd; ,Otpir ‹ cUisapd; Miu Fr =mgr( ) = 2000×10×0.5 =10000 Nm ^10 Gs;spfs;&


6



B gFjp - fl;Liu

05' ^⁄& Mfhuk; = 35 ^05 Gs;spfs;& Gs;spj;njhlu; - VWtupirg;gb 10, 15, 20, 35, 35, 40, 50, 60, 65, 70

,ilak; = 35+ 40 2

,ilak; = 37.5

,il = 10 + 15 + 20 + 35 + 35 + 40 + 50 + 60 + 65 + 70 10 = 400 10

= 40

^05 Gs;spfs;&

^05 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄⁄& Kjyhk; fhyizapd; mikT = n+14

= 114

= 2.75 ^05 Gs;spfs;&

Kjyhk; fhyiz Q1 = 15+ 3420−15( )

= 15 + 3.75

= 18.75 ^10 Gs;spfs;&

,uz;lhk; fhyizapd; mikT = n+12

= 112

= 5.5 ^05 Gs;spfs;&

,uz;lhk; fhyiz Q2 = 35+ 1240−35( )

= 35+ 2.5

= 37.5 ^10 Gs;spfs;&

7



%d;whk; fhyizapd; mikT = 3 n+1( )4

= 34×11

= 8.25 ^05 Gs;spfs;&

%d;whk; fhyiz Q3 = 60+ 1465− 60( )

= 60+1.25

= 61.25 ^10 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄⁄⁄& fhyiz ,iltPr;R = Q3 - Q1

= 61.25−18.75

= 42.50 ^15 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄¤& xt;nthU Gs;spAlDk; x Gs;sp $l;Lg;gl;l gpd; Gs;spg; guk;gy; 10 + x, 15 + x, 20 +x, 35 + x, 35 + x, 40 + x, 50 + x, 60 + x, 65 + x, 70 + x Q1 ,d; mikT 2.75 MFk; ,lk; Q1 = 15+ x + 3

420+ x −15− x( )

= 15+ x +3.75

= 18.75+ x ^10 Gs;spfs;& Q2 ,d; mikT 5.5 MFk; ,lk;

Q2 = 35+ x + 1240+ /x −35− /x( )

= 35+ x + 2.5

= 37.5+ x ^10 Gs;spfs;& Q3 ,d; mikT 8.25 MFk; ,lk;

Q3 = 60+ x + 1465+ /x − 60− /x( )

= 60+ x +1.25

= 61.25+ x ^10 Gs;spfs;&

fhyiz ,iltPr;R = 61.25+ x − 18.75+ x( )

= 42.50 ^10 Gs;spfs;&

∴ xt;nthU Gs;spAlDk; x Gs;spfs; $l;lg;gl;l NghjpYk; fhyiz ,iltPr;R NtWgLtjpy;iy.

^10 Gs;spfs;&

8



(v) khw;wyhk;.

xt;nthU Gs;spAlDk; x Gs;spfisf; $l;ba gpd; ruhrupg; ngWkhdk; = 40 + x

10+ x( )+ 15+ x( )+ 20+ x( )+ 35+ x( )+ 40+ x( )+ 50+ x( )+ 60+ x( )+ 65+ x( )+ 70+ x( )

10 ∴ vy;yhg; Gs;spfSld; x Gs;spiaf; $l;Ltjhy;> ,ilAld; x Gs;spfs; NrUk;. fhyiz ,iltPr;R NtWglhjthWk; ,il 50 MFkhWk; Gs;spg;guk;giy khw;Wtjw;fhf

xt;nthU Gs;spAlDk; 10 Gs;sp $l;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.


06' ^⁄& r MiuAs;s %ba Nfhstbtj; njhl;bapd; Nkw;gug;gsT = 4πr2 ..............................①

mbapd; Miu r ck; cauk; r ck; cs;s Neupa tl;l

MiuAs;s %ba cUis tbtj; njhl;bapd; Nkw;gug;gsT = 2πr . r + 2πr2

= 2πr2 + 2πr2

= 4πr2 ..............................②

^1& ^2& 4πr2

r MiuAs;s %ba Nfhstbtj; njhl;bapd; Nkw;gug;gsT> mbapd; Miu r ck; cauk; r ck; cs;s

Neupa tl;l mbAs;s cUis tbtj;njhl;bapd; Nkw;gug;gsTf;Fr; rkdhdJ. ^30 Gs;spfs;&

^⁄⁄& r MiuAs;s %ba Nfhstbtj; njhl;bapd; nfhs;ssT = 4π r3

3

mbapd; Miu r cs;s> r caukhd Neupa %ba cUis

tbtj; njhl;bapd; nfhs;ssT = πr2 Ÿ r

= πr3 ^20 Gs;spfs;&

vdpDk; 4π r3

3 > πr3 Mjyhy; ∴ Nfhs tbtj; njhl;b $Ljyhd nfhs;ssitf; nfhz;lJ.

^⁄⁄⁄&A, B, C ,dJ Ms; $Wfs;

A ≡ 0,0( ) " B ≡ 20,0( ) , C ≡ 10,10 3( ) MFk;.

(a) AB2 = 0− 20( )2 AB2 = 400 AB = 20 m

BC2 = 20−10( )2 + 0−10 3( )2

BC2 =102 + 10 3( )2

BC2 =100+300 BC2 = 400 BC = 20 m

AC2 = 0−10( )2 + 0−10 3( )2

AC2 =102 + 10 3( )2

AC2 =100+300

AC2 = 400

AC = 20 m AB = BC = AC = 20 m MFk;.

∴ A, B, C rkgf;f Kf;Nfhzpapd; cr;rpfs; kPJ mikAk;. ^50 Gs;spfs;&

B

R

A

P T

S

V W

Z

U

C

Q

20 m

20 m

20 m

9



(b) PAT, PSA Kf;Nfhz Kf;Nfhzpfs; ,uz;ilAk; fUJNthk;.

PSA = PTA = 90˚ ^juT& SA = AT = 20 m ^juT& PA nghJthdJ. ∴ PAT ∆ ≡ PAS ∆ MFk;.

∴ SPA = APT RPQ = 60˚ Mifahy; SPA = APT = 30˚ MFk;.

∴ PAT = 60˚

PAT Kf;Nfhzpapy; tan 60˚ = PTAT PT = AT tan 60˚

PT = AT 3 mt;thwhfNt QU =QZ = RV = RW = PS = 20 3 vdf; fhl;lyhk;.

ghJfhg;G Ntypapd; xUgf;f ePsk; PQ = PT +TU +UQ = 20 3 + 20+ 20 3 = 20+ 40 3( )m PQR Kf;Nfhzpapd; %d;Wgf;f ePsk; = PQ+QR+ RP

= PQ =QR = RPMifahy;

PQR Kf;Nfhzpapd; %d;Wgf;fq;fspd; ePsk; = 3 20+ 40 3( )m

= 60+120 3( )m

= 60+120×1.7( )m

= 60+ 204( )m PQR Kf;Nfhzpapdhy; fhl;lg;gLk; ghJfhg;G

Ntypapd; ePsk; = 264 m MFk;.


10



C gFjp - fl;Liu

07' (a) (i) jhtuq;fspYk; tpyq;FfspYk; epfOk; Rthrk;

fhgd; mlq;fpAs;s Nru;itfspd; capupaw; gpupif ^10 Gs;spfs;& (ii) Nrjdg; nghUs;fspd; fhw;wpd;wpa Rthrj;jpdhy; ^05 Gs;spfs;& (iii) nkNjd; (- fhy;eil tsu;g;G fhuzkhf ,iu kPl;Lk; gz;iz tpyq;Ffspd;

,iug;igapy; epfOk; fhw;wpd;wpa Rthrk; fhuzkhf ^10 Gs;spfs;& (iv) Gtpapd; ntg;gk; cau;jy;$fhyepiy khw;wq;fs; epfOjy;. 05 Gs;spfs;& (v) #upaf; fjpu;fisAk; nkNjd;> fhgdPnuhl;irl;L Mfpa thAf;fisAk; Gtp Nkw;gug;gpdhy;

cwpQ;rp ntspapLk; nrq;fPo;f; fjpu;fs; fhuzkhf Gtpapd; rf;jpr; rkepiy khw;wkiltjhy;

(,lk; khWjy;) ntg;gepiy cau;jy;. ^20 Gs;spfs;&

(b)

O2 20˚

fopA+jhf;fjpu;fs;

^hν)(i)

O2 + O˚ O3

O3 O2 + 0˚

fopA+jhf;fjpu;fs;

^hν) ^10 Gs;spfs;&

(ii) FNshNuhGNshNuh fhgd; ^CFC& ^05 Gs;spfs;&

^hν)F F C

Cl

Cl

F F C˚

(iii)

Cl

Cl˚ + O3 ClO˚ + O2

^hν)

O3 O2 + O˚

O˚ + ClO˚ O2 + Cl˚

^20 Gs;spfs;&

(iv) IjNuh GNshNuh fhgd; ^HFC& my;yJ ÷ HFC apy; FNshuPd; mZf;fs; ,y;iyahjyhy; HFC fopA+jhf; fjpu;fspd; Kd;dpiyapy;

gpupifaile;J FNshuPd; %ypfq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjpy;iy.

÷ NkYk;> HFC tspkz;lyj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpf;Fr; nry;y Kd;du; gpupifailAk;. vdNt XNrhd;

glyk; fhzg;gLk; tspkz;lyj;jpy; Nkw;gilfisr; nrd;wiltJ ,opthFk;/ FiwtilAk;.

IjNuh FNshNuh GNshNuh fhgd; ^HCFC&

HCFC apy; cs;s C - H gpizg;G tspkz;lyj;jpd; fPo; gilfspy; gpupifailtjhy; HCFC tspkz;ly Nkw;gFjpia miltJ ,opthFk;. ^20 Gs;spfs;&

11



(c) (i) xl;rprd; Nfs;tpia mjpfupf;Fk; Nrjdr; Nru;itfs;

tptrhak;> czT gjg;gLj;jy;> efu;Gwj; jpz;kf; fopTfs; Nghd;w jpz;kf; fopTg; nghUs;fs;

ePUld; Nru;tjhy; ^10 Gs;spfs;& (ii) xl;rprd; Nfs;tpia mjpfupf;Fk; Nrjdr; Nru;itfis mfw;wg;gLjy;.

capupurhadj; jhf;fj;jpy; Fwpj;j Nrjdg; nghUs;fisr; rpwg;G epge;jidfspd; fPo;> mjhtJ

NjitahdsT fhw;Wl;lk; toq;Ftjd; %yk; Ez;zq;fpfspdhy; gpuptilar; nra;jy;.

ghu cNyhfq;fis ePf;Fjy; :

,jw;fhf Gwg;gpurhzk;> kpd; nghrpT Mfpa Kiwfisf; ifahsyhk;. Gwg;gpurhuzj;jpd;NghJ ePiu khj;jpuk; CLGftplj;jf;f gq;F CLGftpLk; nkd;rt;nthd;wpd; Clhf mKf;fj;jpd; fPo;>

ePiur; nrYj;Jtjd; %yk; ghu cNyhfq;fs; mw;w Ja ePiug; ngwyhk;.

kpd; nghrpT tbg;gpd;NghJ mOj;j tpj;jpahrnkhd;Wf;F ,ilNa fw;wad;fSf;Fk; mad;fSf;Fk;

khj;jpuk; CLGftpLk; jd;ikAs;s nkd;rt;tpd; %yk; mad;fisr; nry;y tpLtjd; %yk;

Rj;jkhd ePu; ngwg;gLk;.

+++

+

+

+

+ -

---

-

-

-

Ja ePu;

fopT ePu;

fw;wad;fis

CLGftpLk;

nkd;rt;T

mdad;fis

CLGftpLk;

nkd;rt;T

mdad;

mirT

fw;wad;

mirT

^15 Gs;spfs;&

(iii) fopTg;nghUs;fis mg;Gwg;gLj;Jk;NghJ nghUs;fis Ntwhf;fp ntspNaw;WjyhdJ> Nkw;gb

nghUspd; ePUld; Nru;tij ,opthf;Ftjw;F kpfTk; rpwe;j KiwahFk;.

vspjpy; gpupe;jopAk; nghUs;fis Ntwhf;fp> mtw;iwr; Nrjdg; gris my;yJ capu;thA

cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLj;jy;.

ghu cNyhfq;fs; mlq;fpAs;sjhff; fUjg;gLk; fopTg; nghUs;fis ntt;Ntwhfr; Nrfupj;J

kPs; Row;rpg;gLj;jy;> ,y;iyNay;> nghUj;jkhd tpjj;Jiug;Gf;fspd;gb mg;Gwg;gLj;Jjy;.

÷ kPz;Lk; cw;gj;jpahsuplk; xg;gilj;jy;.

ePu; Kjy;fSld; Nru;tJ jtpu;f;fg;gLk; tifapy; ntspNaw;Wjy;.


12



08' (A) a) (i) M1 #lhd <ur; rtu;f;fhuk;

M2 fpsprNuhy; mlf;fk; Fiwthd rtu;f;fhuk;

M3 cg;G ePf;fg;gl;l rtu;f;fhuk;

M4 rpj;jpupf; fkpyk;

M5 cyu; rtu;f;fhuk; ^2 Ÿ 5 10 Gs;spfs;&

(ii) jhtu vz;nza; KidTj; jd;ikaw;wjhifahy; NaOH ePu;f;fiurYlhf fyf;fhJ

,UNtW mtj;ijfs; Ntwhfpf; fhzg;gLk;. vdNt ,ilKfg;G Nkw;gug;gsit mjpfupg;gjd;

%yk; jhf;fk; epfOk; rhj;jpag;ghl;il mjpfupf;fyhk;. Jupjkhff; fyf;Ftjhy; ,e;j

,uz;L mtj;ijfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Nkw;gug;gsit mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. vdNt

rtu;f;fhukhf;fy; jhf;fj;ijj; Jupjg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;. xl;Lnkhj;j jhf;ff; fyitapy;

rtu;f;fhukhf;fy; jhf;fk; xUrPuhf epfo tha;g;gspf;fyhk;.

^4 Ÿ 5 20 Gs;spfs;& (iii) P1 rtu;f;fhukhf;fy;

P2 #lhd <ur;rtu;f;fhuj;ijg; gk;gtjd; %yk; mg;Gwg;gLj;jy;

P3 ikaePf;fk;

P4 #lhd <ur;rtu;f;fhuj;ij ntw;wplg;gLj;jy; ^5 Ÿ 4 20 Gs;spfs;&

b) (i) Njapiy $ Nfhg;gp ^10 Gs;spfs;&

(ii) (a) #lhd X fiurYld; Y fiug;ghidr; Nru;g;gjhy; Y fiug;ghd; Mtpahfpr; nry;y

,lKz;L. vdNt X fiury; miwntg;gepiy tiu Fspu;r;rpaile;j gpd;du; Y Nru;f;fg;gLk;.

(b) fNgd; gpupj;njLg;gpd; tpidj;jpwid mjpfupg;gjw;fhf Y fiug;ghd; gFjp gFjpahf

,lg;gLk;.

(c) Ntfkhff; fyf;fpathW Nru;g;gjhy; Fok;G cUthFk;. Fok;G Njhd;wpagpd;

Nrjdg;giliaAk; ePu;g;giliaAk; gpupg;gJ ,yFthdJ.

^10 Ÿ 3 30 Gs;spfs;&

(iii) • fiug;ghdpd; nfhjpepiy Fiwthdjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

• KidTr; Nru;itfs;> KidTf; fiug;ghd;fspy; fiutjhy; fiug;ghdpd;

Kidthf;fj;ij ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. "Like disolve Like" • fiug;ghdpd; fNgd; fiujy; Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; fiug;ghDf;Fk; fNgd; ,w;Fk;

,ilNa jhf;fk; NkYk; epfOjyhfhJ.

^5 Ÿ 3 15 Gs;spfs;& (iv) ilf;FNshNuhnkNjd;. ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(v) ePuw;w MgSO4 / ePuw;w CaCl2 ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(vi) kPs;gspq;fhjy;$gjq;fkhjy; ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(vii) • Fspu;thd cw;gj;jp$rf;jp jUk; ghdtif cw;gj;jp

• kUe;J cw;gj;jpfs; ^5 Ÿ2 10 Gs;spfs;&

(viii)• Kjyhd mDNrgpfs; - mq;fpnahd;wpd; ,Ug;G> tsu;r;rp> tpUj;jp> ,dg;ngUf;fk;

Mfpatw;wpy; Neubahfj; njhlu;GWtNjhL> Jizahd mDNrgpfs; Nkw;gb

njhopw;ghLfspy; Neubahfj; njhlu;GWtjpy;iy.

• Kjyhd mDNrgpfs; vy;yh mq;fpfspYk; cw;gj;jpahFk;. vdpDk; Jizahd mD-

Nrgpfs; tiuaiwg;gl;l rpy mq;fpfspy; khj;jpuNk cw;gj;jpahFk;.

• Jizahd mDNrgpfs;> tsu;r;rpapy; Kjpu;r;rpf;F mz;kpj;j fhyj;jpy; my;yJ mjd;

,Wjpapy; cw;gj;jpahFk;.

^10 Ÿ 2 20 Gs;spfs;&^nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs; 150&

13



D gFjp - fl;Liu

9' â& î& 1 m3 ,dJ jpzpT = 1000 kg 1000 l ,dJ jpzpT = 1000 kg 1.4 l ,dJ jpzpT = 1.4 kg ^10 Gs;spfs;&

îi& Q = m c θ xU epkplj;Jf;F ntg;gk; = 1.4× 4200×10 8 epkplj;Jf;F ntg;gk; = 1.4× 4200×10×8

= 4.7×105 J fyda 470.4 kJmy;yJ

^20 Gs;spfs;&

îii& ntg;gk; = tY × Neuk; = P× t = 1000 W×8×60 s

= 4.8×105 J = 480 kJ

^15 Gs;spfs;&

îv& 8 epkplj;jpy; ,of;fg;gLk; rf;jp = 480− 470.4( ) kJ = 9.6 kJ

rf;jp ,og;G tPjk; = 0.09660×8

×105 = 20 W = 1200 J min−1

^25 Gs;spfs;&

^b& î& g];fhy; Nfhl;ghL

%ba ghj;jpunkhd;wpd; Xa;tpy; cs;s gha;knkhd;wpd; Nkw;gug;G kPJ mKf;fk;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;NghJ> mJ gha;kj;jpd; vy;yhg; gFjpfSf;Fk;> ghj;jpuj;jpy;

Rtu;fspYk; Fiwtpd;wp CLflj;jg;gLk;. 10 Gs;spfs;&

îi&

P Q ^10 Gs;spfs;&

îii& A Ig; gw;wpa jpUg;gj;ijf; fUJtjhy;.

Fy ×5=100×100 cm

Fy = 2000 N

15 Gs;spfs;&

îv& Py =2000

2×10−4 =107 Pa ^10 Gs;spfs;&

14



^v& g];fhypd; Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb X ,d; kPJ PX =107 Pa ∴ X kPJ tpir Nky;Nehf;fp ↑ 107 ×20×10−4 = 20000 N ↑ 15 Gs;spfs;&

^vi& Y MLjz;L 10 cm fPo;Nehf;fp nry;Yk;NghJ ,lk;ngau;e;j jputf; fdtsT

= 10×2( )cm3 = 20 cm3

∴ X MLjz;L cs;s cUisapd; NkNynry;Yk; jputf; fdtsT = 20 cm3 ∴ nek;GNfhiy xU jlit jho;j;Jtjhy; X MLjz;L

NkNy nry;Yk; msT = 20 cm3

20 cm2 = 1 cm

vdNt X MLjz;il 10 cm cau;j;Jtjw;fhf nek;GNfhiy 10 jlitfs;

fPo;Nehf;fpj; js;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.


15



10' â& î& ,io kpd; tpsf;fpd; Clhf 4V mOj;j tpj;;jpahrj;ij toq;Fk;NghJ mjd; %yk;

Efug;gLk; tY 2W MFk;. ^05 Gs;spfs;&

îi& P = V2

R R = V

2

P= 16

2 = 8 Ω ^05 Gs;spfs;&

^b& î& V2

6 V16 Ω

8 Ω V1

^10 Gs;spfs;&

îi& V1 =624

×16 = 4 V

V2 =

624

×8 = 2 V ^05 Gs;spfs;&

îii& 16 Ω ,w;F Clhf 4 V, 8 Ω ,w;F Clhf 2 V ^05 Gs;spfs;&

(c) (i)

6 V16 Ω

8 Ω

L

^10 Gs;spfs;&

(ii) kpd; tpsf;if xspur; nra;tjw;fhf 16 Ω jilapapd; Clhf 4 V Nthy;w;wsT Njit.

kpd;tpsf;ifj; njhLj;jTld; fpilf;Fk; 2 V mt; tpsf;if xspur; nra;tjw;Fg;

NghJkhdjy;y. ^10 Gs;spfs;&

(iii) kpd;tpsf;ifj; njhLj;jTld; 8 Ω jilapapw;F Clhf Nthy;w;wsT 4 Ω MFk;.

kpd;tpsf;F> 16 Ω jilap Mfpatw;Wf;F Clhf rktYj;jil R Mapd;>

48

= 2R

R = 4 Ω

,ioapd; jil ʹ′R Mapd;>

1R= 1

ʹ′R+ 116

1ʹ′R= 1R− 1

16 = 1

4− 1

16 = 3

16

ʹ′R = 5.33 Ω ^20 Gs;spfs;&

16



(iv) kpd;tpsf;F xspUk;NghJ ,ioapd; ntg;gepiy caUk;. vdNt> jil mjpfupf;Fk;.

tpsf;F xspuhjNghJ ntg;gepiy> Fiwthd ngWkhdkhjyhy;> ,ioapd; jilAk;

Fiwthd ngWkhdj;ijg; ngWk;.

^10 Gs;spfs;&

(d) (i) P = VI

50×103 =1000 I

I = 50 A ^10 Gs;spfs;&

(ii) xU kPw;wu; ePsj;jpd; jil = 0.04 Ω CLflj;jy; topapd; nkhj;j ePsk; = 100 m ∴ nkhj;jj; jil = 100×0.04 = 4 Ω

^15 Gs;spfs;&

(iii)

E

2 Ω

2 Ω1000 V50 kW

R

njhopw;rhiyapd; Rw;wpd; jil R Mapd;>

R = V

2

P= 106

50×103 = 20 Ω

kpd; gpwg;ghf;fpapd; KidfSf;F Clhf mOj;j tpj;jpahrk; E = I (4+20)

E = 50×24 = 1200 V

^10 Gs;spfs;&

(iv) tlq;fspd; nkhj;jj;jil = 4 Ω tY ,og;G P = I 2R = 502 × 4 = 10 kW ^10 Gs;spfs;&

(v) gpwg;ghf;fpapd; KidfSf;F Clhf mOj;j tpj;jpahrk; = 1200 V Rw;wpd; Clhfg;ghAk; Xl;lk; = 50 A

gpwg;ghf;fpapd; %yk; gpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; tY =1200×50 = 60 kW ^10 Gs;spfs;&

(vi) xU ehspy; EfUk; rf;jp = 50 kW ×24 h

= 1200 kWh

∴ xU ehspy; nryT nra;Ak; gzk; = 1200×re. 20&.

= re. 24 000&. ^15 Gs;spfs;&


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