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FN - Vital Sign

Apr 03, 2018

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    VITAL SIGN

    Ns. Hevi Mulia Putri, S.Kep

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    Vital Signs /TTV disebut juga cardinal

    signs meliputi temperatur tubuh, nadi,respirasi dan tekanan darah

    These signs may be observed, measured,

    and monitored to assess an individual'slevel of physical functioning

    Normal vital signs change with age, sex,

    weight, exercise tolerance, and condition.

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    Hal yang perlu diperhatikan :

    All measurements are made while the patient is seated

    Prior to measuring vital signs, the patient should have hadthe opportunity to sit for approximately five minutes

    Before diving in, take a minute or so to look at the patient

    in their entirety

    TTV merupakan dasar untuk melakukan pemeriksaan

    fisik (langkah pertama pada pemeriksaan fisik) untuk

    menentukan keadaan kardiorespirasi seseorang.

    Perawat secara rutin mengevaluasi TTV untuk memonitorstatus fisik seseorang. Hasil pemeriksaan hrs

    diinterpretasikan kedalam nilai normal seseorang,

    diagnosa medis, riw penyakit, riw pengobatan

    dan hasil laboratorium

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    Manfaat

    Pemeriksaan TTV berguna untuk:

    - mengetahui status fisik seseorang

    - mengetahui respon seseorang terhadapnyeri, ansietas, takut dan toleransiaktivitas.

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    Jika hasil pemeriksaan mengalamipenyimpangan/deviasi dari normal maka perawat

    harus :

    1. Evaluasi beberapa deviasi dari normal pada nilainormal seseorang

    contoh : TD 90/60 mmHg : deviasi dari range normaltekanan darah sistolik secara umum, namun bisa juganormal untuk orang tsb.

    2. Evaluasi deviasi dengan status fisik seseorang.

    contoh : TD 90/60 mmHg yang disertai dengandingin, berkeringat, nadi cepat, dan

    penurunan kesadaran merupakan

    tanda-tanda syok.

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    TEMPERATURE

    Old people, people with disabilities, babies and young

    children typically feel more comfortable at higher

    temperatures.

    Women notice that they are feeling cool quicker than men,

    which may be related to their different body size The normal body temperature of a person varies

    depending on gender, recent activity, food and fluid

    consumption, time of day, and, in women, the stage of the

    menstrual cycle Temperature is measured in either Celcius or

    Farenheit, with a fever defined as

    greater then 38-38.5 C or 101-101.5 F

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    0o C = 32o F 100o C = 212o F

    Rumus merubah celcius ke fahrenheit

    = (Celcius x 1,8) + 32 E. Rumus merubah fahrenheit ke celcius

    = (Fahrenheit - 32) / 1,8

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    PENGUKURANSUHU

    RECTAL

    ORAL

    AXILLA

    EAR

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    Rectally

    Temperatures taken

    rectally (using a mercury or

    digital thermometer) tendto be 0.5 to 0.7

    (Fahrenheit) higher than

    when taken by mouth.

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    Oral temperature

    can be taken bymouth using classic

    glass mercury-filled

    or digital

    thermometers.

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    Axillary temperatures

    can be taken under

    the arm.

    Temperatures taken

    by this route tend tobe 0.3 to 0.4

    (Fahrenheit) lower

    than those

    temperatures takenby mouth.

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    By ear a special

    thermometer canquickly measure the

    temperature of the ear

    drum, which reflects the

    body's coretemperature

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    FEVER VS HYPOTHERMIA

    A fever is indicated when

    body temperature rises

    above 98.6 F orally or

    99.8

    F rectally Hypothermia is defined as

    a drop in body

    temperature below 95 F.

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    RESPIRATORY RATE RR adalah jumlah napas

    manusia selama 1 menit

    Sebaiknya dihitung dalam 30

    detik u/ menghindari kesalahan

    penghitungan

    RR meningkat saat demamatau sakit, saat menghitung

    RR, observasi juga adanya

    kesulitan bernapas

    RR normalnya 12 -20x/menitsaat ISTIRAHAT

    RR abnormal jika < 12 x/menit

    atau > 25x/menit

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    Pulse rate (Nadi)

    N : 60 100 x/menit Nadi meningkat krn

    exercise, sakit, dan

    emosi

    Atlit (pelari) bs

    meningkat 40 x lbh

    cepat tanpa ada

    keluhan

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    How to check your pulse

    Rasakan denyutan

    dengan menekan ringan

    arteri yang dekat

    dengan permukaan kulit Nadi dapat dihitung di

    area a. radialis, a.

    brakhialis atau a. carotis

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    How to check your pulse

    Letakkan ujung

    telunjuk dan jari

    tengah di atas arteri

    radialis, dan ibu jari dipergelangan tangan

    sehingga tangan

    pemeriksa melingkari

    pergelangan klien

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    How to check your pulse

    Beri tekanan ringan pada

    awal pemeriksaan jikaklien gemuk dan sulitterdeteksi adanya arteri.Jangan menekan terlalu

    dalam, karenamenyebabkan alirandarah terhambat danterjadi kesalahan

    penghitungan

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    Pulse: Quantity If the rate is particularly slow or fast, it is

    probably best to measure for a full 60

    seconds in order to minimize the error.

    Ukur kuantitas, regularitas dan volumenya

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    TEKANAN DARAH

    Pasien sebaiknya tidak

    makan, minum, merokok

    dan mengkonsumsi obat, 1

    jam sebelum pengukuran

    Pasien diminta

    mengosongkan bladder

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    Preparation for measurement Painful procedures and

    exercise should not

    have occurred within

    one hour.

    Patient should have

    been sitting quietly for

    about 5 minutes.

    Dilakukan di ruanganyang tenang dengan

    suhu ruangan normal

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    Position of the Patient

    Posisikan duduk

    Lengan dan punggung

    rileks

    Kaki diletakkan dilantai, jangan

    menggantung

    Pengukuran sebaiknyadi lengan kanan

    Lengan diletakkan di

    meja

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    Position of the arm

    Naikkkan a. brakhialis sejajar dengan jantung.Jika lebih tinggi, akan menyebabkan pengukuranlebih rendah dari asli.

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    In order to measure the Blood

    Pressure (equipment)

    Adult Cuff size

    Cuff Width: 40% of

    limb's circumference Cuff Length: Bladder

    at 80% of limb's

    circumference

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    In order to measure the Blood

    Pressure (Cuff Position) Patient's arm

    slightly flexed at

    elbow Push the sleeve up,

    wrap the cuff

    around the bare arm

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    In order to measure the Blood

    Pressure (Cuff Position) Cuff applied directly

    over skin (Clothesartificially raises

    blood pressure )

    Position lower cuffborder 2.5 cmabove antecubital

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