Flight displays have come a long way from basic mechanical instruments in the cockpit to highly automated and computerized flight decks. Take a look at this presentation to find out more about the electronic flight instrumentation system.
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• Navigation guidance is an integral and critically important aspect of flying. If a pilot does not know where he is at all times while airborne, or cannot quickly determine his/her aircraft position in the air, then such a aircraft will be misguided and may leads to disaster.
• Navigation depended on pilot’s ability to use landmarks or dead reckoning.
What is DEAD RECKONING?• Dead reckoning (DR) is the process of calculating one's
position by estimating the direction and distance travelled.
Components and its operation. ATTITUDE DISPLAY The aircraft attitude indication on the primary flight display provides
pitch, roll, and yaw information supplied by the Attitude And Heading Reference System.
AIRCRAFT SYMBOL Aircraft symbol is a stationary representation of the aircraft.
HORIZON LINE Horizon line is the midpoint indication of aircraft attitude. With zero
degrees of pitch and roll, the white horizontal line touches the apex of the aircraft symbol and passes through the center of the aircraft wing symbol.
• Also known as “Rate of Climb and Descent Indicator”• Displays the current vertical speed of the aircraft.• It used to maintain proper rate of climb and rate of descend .• Measured in feet per minute.• Rate of change is also measured based on air pressure
differences through pitot-static system.• Consists of a vertical analog scale and pointer.
• Aircraft heading is displayed on compass card located at the bottom of the PFD.
• Data required to produce the display is supplied by the AHRS system.
• AHRS->Attitude and Heading Reference System is strapped gyro reference system that generates angular rate and linear information about the aircraft axes
HEADING INDICATORS The heading indications are represented on the compass card,
the display shows 360º from the current heading. The compass card has 10º major indices, 5º minor indices, cardinal point characters at N, S, E, W, and numeric labels at 30º intervals.
At the top center position of the compass card is the fixed lubber line. The lubber line indicates the aircraft heading reference.
SELECTED HEADING REFERENCE The selected heading reference is presented on the heading
display as a heading bug(indicates the heading selected at the HDG knob on the flight guidance).
• Navigation indications on PFD provide course, course deviation, bearing and distance information from selected NAVAID. The data is presented in a conventional HIS format.
Navigation data is displayed on the lower part of the PFD. Includes Navigation source indicator Course display Distance display Station identifier
• PFD displays all information critical to flight, including calibrated air speed, altitude, heading, attitude, vertical speed and yaw.
• The PFD is designed to improve a pilot's situational awareness by integrating this information into a single display instead of six different analog instruments, reducing the amount of time necessary to monitor the instruments
• PFDs also increase situational awareness by alerting the aircrew to unusual or potentially hazardous conditions — for example, low airspeed, high rate of descent — by changing the color or shape of the display or by providing audio alerts.