FMDS0134

October 2014Page 1 of 16

HAIL DAMAGE

Table of ContentsPage

1.0 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................... 21.1 Changes .......................................................................................................................................... 2

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 22.1 Construction and Location ............................................................................................................... 2

2.1.2 Recommendations Applicable to Facilities in Very Severe or Severe Hail Hazard Areas ..... 42.2 Operation and Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 5

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................. 53.1 Loss Experience ................................................................................................................................ 53.2 Loss History ..................................................................................................................................... 6

4.0 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 84.1 FM Global ........................................................................................................................................ 84.2 Other .................................................................................................................................................. 8

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS ....................................................................................................... 8APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY ....................................................................................... 8APPENDIX C SUPPORTING INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 9

List of FiguresFig. 1. Size comparison of large hail stone to golf ball ................................................................................. 2Fig. 2. Size comparison of large hail stone to tennis ball ............................................................................. 2Fig. 3. Hail damaged HVAC unit ................................................................................................................... 4Fig. 4. HVAC unit with hail guard over cooling fins at same location as hail damaged unit in Figure 3 ..... 4Fig. 5. Hail damage to severely alligatored roof (built-up roof) .................................................................. 6Fig. 6. Hail damage to asbestos cement roof ............................................................................................... 7Fig. 7. Hail damage to clay roof tiles ............................................................................................................. 7Fig. 8. Hailstorm hazard map for the United States ................................................................................... 15Fig. 9. Texas counties in very severe hail area with US inset ................................................................... 16

List of TablesTable 1. Roof Hail Ratings1 ............................................................................................................................ 3Table 2. Impact Energy of Hail Stones (For Design Purposes) .................................................................... 6Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties ............................................................................................. 10Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd) ............................................................................... 11Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd) ............................................................................. 12Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd) ............................................................................... 13

FM GlobalProperty Loss Prevention Data Sheets 1-34

2014 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Factory Mutual Insurance Company.

1.0 SCOPEThis data sheet provides loss prevention guidelines to aid in minimizing the potential for hail damage to roofs,roof-mounted equipment and other outdoor equipment. It does not apply to photovoltaic panels and ancillaryequipment that are roof or ground mounted, concentrating solar power systems, or wind turbines. Refer toData Sheet 1-15, Roof Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels; Data Sheet 7-105, Concentrating Solar Power;Data Sheet 7-106, Ground Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Power; or Data Sheet 13-10, Wind Turbines.

Follow guidance in Data Sheet 1-28, Wind Design, for appropriate wind ratings, and in Data Sheet 1-29,Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components, for interior and exterior fire ratings.

1.1 ChangesOctober 2014. This document was completely rewritten. The following major changes were made:

A. Scope was revised to apply to all locations.

B. Recommendations were added to provide FM Approved hail rated products, and previousrecommendations were edited.

C. Very severe hail (VSH) area was added and definitions for severe and moderate hail hazard areaswere clarified.

D. Information on hail test standards was added.

E. Loss History, References, and Appendix A were expanded.

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONSHailstorms are widespread, with damaging hail (Figs. 1 and 2) found in many areas, but with the highestfrequency in severe and very severe hail areas.

2.1 Construction and Location2.1.1 The following recommendations are applicable to all facilities in all hail zones:

2.1.1.1 Provide FM Approved roof assemblies with hail ratings according to Table 1, Roof Hail Ratings. SeeAppendix C for the map of very severe, severe and moderate hail hazards areas in the US and Table 3,Hail Zones for Texas Counties. Appendix A, Glossary of Terms, has definitions of severe and moderate hailhazard areas outside the United States.

Fig. 1. Size comparison of large hail stone to golf ball

Fig. 2. Size comparison of large hail stone to tennis ball

1-34 Hail DamagePage 2 FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets

2014 Factory Mutual Insurance Company. All rights reserved.

Table 1. Roof Hail Ratings1

Hail Hazard Area Roof Hail RatingVery severe (VSH) VSH or FM Class 4

Severe (SH) VSH, SH, FM Class 3 or 4Moderate (MH) VSH, SH, MH, FM Class 2, 3, or 4

1SH and MH hail ratings are for single-ply, multi-ply or panel roofs Approved per FM Class 4470 or 4471. FM Class 2, 3, and 4 hail ratingsare for roof shingles Approved per FM Class 4473 or 4475.

FM Approvals requirements for Very Severe Hail (VSH) rated roof assemblies are being developed with noFM Approved VSH rated roof assemblies at this time. Where FM Approved VSH roof assemblies arerecommended and are not available, use assemblies that are Specification Tested to a Class 4 rating usingFM 4473 or Approved per FM 4475. Specification Tested products are in the online Approval Guide.

Stone or paver ballasted roofs (which are not Approved by FM Approvals) are acceptable in all areas, subjectto the limitations in Data Sheet 1-29, Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof Components. Do notuse stone-ballasted roofs on buildings taller than 150 ft (46 m), or in areas with design wind speeds greateror equal to 100 mph (45 m/s).

Do not use roofs with gravel surfacing of any kind where the basic wind speed is equal to or greater than100 mph (45 m/s). Refer to Data Sheet 1-28, Wind Design, for the design wind speed and for exceptions.

2.1.1.2 Select any FMApproved perimeter flashing system and install according to Data Sheet 1-49, PerimeterFlashing. (FM Approved flashing does not have a hail impact rating.) It is critical that proper cant strips areprovided when required to support built-up or modified bitumen roof covers at the junction between the roofand parapets, roof dividers, or equipment curbs since unsupported roof covers are especially prone to haildamage.

2.1.1.3 Select FM Approved Class 1 wall panels with an S (severe) hail rating in very severe or severe hailareas or with an S (severe) or M (moderate) hail rating in moderate hail areas, or select wall systems thatare inherently fire and hail resistant such as brick or concrete block.

2.1.1.4 Where the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ, also referred to as the code official) requiressmoke and heat vents, select ones that are FM Approved. Ones with non-metallic domes should have asevere hail rating in very severe or severe hail areas, and a severe or moderate hail rating in moderate hailareas. Follow guidance in Data Sheet 1-10, Interaction of Sprinklers, Smoke and Heat Vents, and DraftCurtains.

Heat and smoke vents can also be protected with minimum No. 11 gauge (0.1205 in.) (3.06 mm) diametersteel wire mesh with maximum mesh opening size of 1.0 in (25 mm) and supported on a steel framework.Increase the wire size if the shortest span (distance between supporting frame members) exceeds 6 ft (1.83m).

2.1.1.5 Select FM Approved skylights with a severe hail rating in very severe or severe hail areas, and withsevere or moderate hail rating in moderate hail areas. Plastic panels installed into metal roofs may be knownas light bands but are considered skylights in the Approval Guide. Follow guidance in Data Sheet 1-28,WindDesign, for appropriate wind ratings.

Skylights can also be protected with minimum No. 11 gauge (0.1205 in.) (3.06 mm) diameter steel wire meshwith maximum mesh opening size of 1.0 in. (25 mm) and supported on a steel framework. Increase the wiresize if the shortest span (distance between supporting frame members) exceeds 6 ft (1.83 m).

2.1.1.6 Provide roof drainage in accordance with Data Sheet 1-54, Roof Loads for New Construction.

Hail Damage 1-34FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets Page 3


2.1.2 Recommendations Applicable to Facilities in Very Severe or Severe Hail Hazard Areas

2.1.2.1 Provide hail guards or steel wire mesh over cooling fins on heating, ventilating, and air conditioning(HVAC) equipment. When wire mesh is used, use minimum No. 11 gauge (0.1205 in.) (3.06 mm) diametersteel wire mesh with maximum mesh opening size of 1.0 in. (25 mm) and supported on a steel framework.Increase the wire size if the shortest span (distance between supporting frame members) exceeds 6 ft (1.8m).

Fig. 3. Hail damaged HVAC unit

Fig. 4. HVAC unit with hail guard over cooling fins at same location as hail damaged unit in Figure 3



2.1.2.2 Provide hail screens or guards over critical outdoor equipment that is vulnerable to damage fromvery severe hail in very severe hail areas (not tested to withstand impact energy of 23.75 ft lb (32.2 J) or severehail in severe hail areas (not tested to withstand impact energy of 14 ft lb [19 J]). When hail screens or guardsare not commercially available they can be built using steel wire mesh supported on a steel framework witha maximum mesh opening size of 1.0 in. (25 mm). Wire size should be No. 11 gauge (0.1205 in.) (3.06 mm).Wire size should be increased if the shortest span (distance between supporting frame members) exceeds6 ft (1.83 m).

2.2 Operation and Maintenance2.2.1 Inspect roofs regularly according to the roofing manufacturers guidelines, but at least semi-annuallyand following storms. Manufacturers should have inspection forms available that should be completed andkept on file.

Inspections should be conducted by a qualified person who verifies that the roof surface is watertight withoutany punctures or cracks, and any insulation appears firm and not water damaged. The underside of the roofdeck should be checked for indications of roof leaks.

2.2.1.1 For built-up and modified bitumen roof covers, verify that the original surface coating, such as granulesor gravel, is intact and covering all areas. Look for deficiencies such as blisters, deteriorating felts (scrimis showing) and alligatored surfaces that are especially prone to hail damage. Deficiencies over a large areamay indicate the roof cover needs to be replaced and a registered roof consultant (RRC, as certified by RCI,Inc.) should inspect the roof.

A registered roof consultant (RRC) is a designation made by RCI, Incorporated; which is an internationalassociation of professional consultants, architects, and engineers who specialize in the specification anddesign of roofing, waterproofing, and exterior wall systems. For those locations outside the United Stateswhere this qualification may not be available, the roof consultant should have completed specialized trainingor certification from an industry recognized organization.

2.2.1.2 Inspect single-ply membranes for crazing (very fine cracks in the membrane surface) or signs ofstretching at the edges and seams, indicating probable embrittlement. Membranes with either condition areespecially prone to hail damage and should be promptly inspected by an RRC as certified by RCI Inc.

2.2.1.3 Inspect liquid applied roof covers for crazing, cracking, peeling, flaking or erosion. Areas with theseconditions are especially prone to hail damage and should be promptly inspected by an RRC as certifiedby RCI Inc.

2.2.1.4 Make roof repairs promptly in accordance with manufacturers guidelines, and follow Data Sheet 10-3,Hot Work Management, for all hot work.

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Loss Experience

3.1.1 Hail guards are designed to protect cooling fins and condenser coils on heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) equipment from hail and are usually available as an option from the HVAC manufacturerbut can also be obtained from other suppliers.

3.1.2 Metal roofs are rarely breached by even large hail, and should keep the contents protected and dry,unless they are severely corroded.

3.1.3 Hail many times blocks roof drains and gutters allowing water to enter the building if there is not awatertight seal between the gutters and the underside of the roof as recommended in DS 1-54 section2.5.4.1.8.

3.1.4 FM Approvals severe and Class 3 hail impact ratings approximate the impact energy of 1 in. (44mm) diameter hail at terminal velocity which is approximately 14 ft-lb (19 J). The moderate and Class 2 hailimpact ratings approximate the impact energy of 1 in. (38 mm) diameter hail at terminal velocity whichis approximately 8 ft-lb (10.8 J). Refer to Table 2 for the terminal velocities and impact energies of varioussize hail stones.



Table 2. Impact Energy of Hail Stones (For Design Purposes)

Stone Diameter Terminal Velocity Impact Energyin. mm ft/sec m/sec ft lbs Joules1 25 73 22.3 1 1.301.5 38 90 27.4 8 10.92 51 105 32.0 22 29.82.5 64 117 35.7 53 71.93 76 130 39.6 120 163

Reference: Hail Resistance of Roofing Products Building Science Series 23

3.2 Loss History

Hail can damage most exposed surfaces but the majority of damage is to roofs. Cooling fins and condensercoils of roof top heating, ventilating, and air conditioning equipment and skylights are usually damaged withless damage to windows, walls and other equipment. Several of the largest losses have been to outsidestorage of automobiles. Hail usually impacts all buildings and outside storage at the entire site.

The most damageable roofs are asbestos-cement, cementitious fiber and any roof in poor condition.

Figure 6 shows an asbestos-cement roof where hail punctured holes throughout the roof allowing rain waterto wet the entire building and machinery and also contaminating the interior with asbestos. The entire roofneeds to be replaced, which along with asbestos clean-up, will affect operations for several months. Althoughthis was impacted by 3 in. (76 mm) diameter hail, even small hail can easily puncture these old, brittle roofs.

Figure 7 shows clay roof tiles that were decimated by hail. Besides a new roof, there can be significant waterdamage to the building interior if there is not a solid roof deck with taped seams under the clay tiles.

0

0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

1inch

1cm

2 3 4 5 6

Fig. 5. Hail damage to severely alligatored roof (built-up roof)



Fig. 6. Hail damage to asbestos cement roof

Fig. 7. Hail damage to clay roof tiles



4.0 REFERENCES

4.1 FM GlobalData Sheet 1-10, Interaction of Sprinklers, Smoke and Heat Vents, and Draft CurtainsData Sheet 1-15, Roof Mounted Solar Photovoltaic PanelsData Sheet 1-28, Wind DesignData Sheet 1-28R/1-29R, Roof SystemsData Sheet 1-29, Roof Deck Securement and Above-Deck Roof ComponentsData Sheet 1-35, Green RoofsData Sheet 1-49, Perimeter FlashingData Sheet 1-54, Roof Loads for New ConstructionData Sheet 7-105, Concentrating Solar PowerData Sheet 7-106, Ground Mounted Solar Photovoltaic PowerData Sheet 13-10, Wind Turbines

FM Approvals. Test Procedure, Test Method for Determining the Susceptibility to Hail Damage of RoofCoverings. November 2010.

4.2 OtherANSI FM 4473. Test Standard for Impact Resistance Testing of Rigid Roofing Materials by Impacting withFreezer Ice balls. January 2011.

ASTM International. Standard Specification for Mineral Aggregate Used on Built-Up Roofs. ASTM D1863/D1863M - 05(2011)e1, 2011.

EN 13583:2001. Flexible sheets for waterproofing. Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing.Determination of hail resistance. November 2001.

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMSFM Approved: Reference to FM Approved in this data sheet means the product or service has satisfiedthe criteria for Approval by FM Approvals. Refer to the Approval Guide, or Roof Nav online resources of FMApprovals, for a complete listing of products and services that are FM Approved.

Hail day: A day where minimum in. (19 mm) diameter hail occurred within 25 mi (40 km) of a location.

Moderate hail hazard areas: Areas in the United States shown as Moderate in Figure 8 Hailstorm hazardmap for the United States or areas outside the United States that have not experienced on average at leastthree hail days per year.

Severe hail hazard areas: Areas in the United States shown as Severe in Figure 8 Hailstorm hazard mapfor the United States or areas outside the United States that have experienced on average at least threehail days per year.

Specification Tested: Products that have been evaluated by FM Approvals according to recognized standardsand are subject to examinations and follow-up by FM Approvals.

Square: A roofing term meaning 100 ft2 (9.28 m) of roofing area.

Very Severe hail hazards areas: Areas in the United States shown as Very Severe in Figure 8, Hail stormhazard map for the United States.

APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORYOctober 2014. This document was completely rewritten. The following major changes were made:

A. Scope was revised to apply to all locations.

B. Recommendations were added to provide FM Approved hail rated products, and previousrecommendations were edited.

C. Very severe hail (VSH) area was added and definitions for severe and moderate hail hazard areaswere clarified.

D. Information on hail test standards was added.



E. Loss History, References, and Appendix A were expanded.

September 2009. Hailstorm hazard map was reformatted. No technical changes were made.

January 2009. Minor editorial changes were made for this revision.

May 2008. Appendix B, Document Revision History was updated.

May 2001. Hailstorm hazard map was improved and is now located at the end of the data sheet.

January 2000. This revision of the document has been reorganized to provide a consistent format.

May 1998. Revised.

October 1985. DS 1-47S.1 was replaced with a new DS 1-34.

APPENDIX C SUPPORTING INFORMATION



Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties

County State Hail ZoneAnderson TX SevereAndrews TX Very SevereAngelina TX SevereAranas TX SevereArcher TX Very Severe

Armstrong TX Very SevereAtascosa TX SevereAustin TX SevereBailey TX Very SevereBandera TX SevereBastrop TX SevereBaylor TX Very SevereBee TX SevereBell TX SevereBexar TX SevereBlanco TX SevereBorden TX Very SevereBosque TX Very SevereBowie TX Very SevereBrazoria TX SevereBrazos TX SevereBrewster TX SevereBriscoe TX Very SevereBrooks TX SevereBrown TX SevereBurleson TX SevereBurnet TX SevereCaldwell TX SevereCalhoun TX SevereCallahan TX Very SevereCameron TX SevereCamp TX Very SevereCarson TX Very SevereCass TX Very SevereCastro TX Very Severe

Chambers TX SevereCherokee TX SevereChildress TX Very SevereClay TX Very Severe

Cochran TX Very SevereCoke TX Severe

Coleman TX SevereCollin TX Very Severe

Collingsworth TX Very SevereColorado TX SevereComal TX Severe

Comanche TX SevereConcho TX SevereCooke TX Very SevereCoryell TX SevereCottle TX Very SevereCrane TX SevereCrockett TX SevereCrosby TX Very Severe

Culberson TX Severe



Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd)

County State Hail ZoneDallam TX Very SevereDallas TX Very SevereDawson TX Very Severe

Deaf Smith TX Very SevereDelta TX Very SevereDenton TX Very SevereDeWitt TX SevereDickens TX Very SevereDimmit TX SevereDonley TX Very SevereDuval TX Severe

Eastland TX Very SevereEctor TX Severe

Edwards TX SevereEl Paso TX SevereEllis TX Very SevereErath TX Very SevereFalls TX SevereFannin TX Very SevereFayette TX SevereFisher TX Very SevereFloyd TX Very SevereFoard TX Very Severe

Fort Bend TX SevereFranklin TX Very SevereFreestone TX Severe

Frio TX SevereGaines TX Very Severe

Galveston TX SevereGarza TX Very SevereGillespie TX SevereGlasscock TX SevereGoliad TX Severe

Gonzales TX SevereGray TX Very Severe

Grayson TX Very SevereGregg TX Very SevereGrimes TX Severe

Guadalupe TX SevereHale TX Very SevereHall TX Very Severe

Hamilton TX SevereHansford TX Very SevereHardeman TX Very SevereHardin TX SevereHarris TX SevereHarrison TX Very SevereHartley TX Very SevereHaskell TX Very SevereHays TX Severe

Hemphill TX Very SevereHenderson TX Very SevereHidalgo TX SevereHill TX Severe

Hockley TX Very Severe




County State Hail ZoneHood TX Very Severe

Hopkins TX Very SevereHouston TX SevereHoward TX Very SevereHudspeth TX SevereHunt TX Very Severe

Hutchinson TX Very SevereIrion TX SevereJack TX Very Severe

Jackson TX SevereJasper TX Severe

Jeff Davis TX SevereJefferson TX SevereJim Hogg TX SevereJim Wells TX SevereJohnson TX Very SevereJones TX Very SevereKarnes TX SevereKaufman TX Very SevereKendall TX SevereKenedy TX SevereKent TX Very SevereKerr TX Severe

Kimble TX SevereKing TX Very SevereKinney TX SevereKleberg TX SevereKnox TX Very Severe

La Salle TX SevereLamar TX Very SevereLamb TX Very Severe

Lampasas TX SevereLavaca TX SevereLee TX SevereLeon TX SevereLiberty TX Severe

Limestone TX SevereLipscomb TX Very SevereLive Oak TX SevereLlano TX SevereLoving TX SevereLubbock TX Very SevereLynn TX Very Severe

Madison TX SevereMarion TX Very SevereMartin TX Very SevereMason TX Severe

Matagorda TX SevereMaverick TX SevereMcCulloch TX SevereMcLennan TX SevereMcMullen TX SevereMedina TX SevereMenard TX SevereMidland TX Severe




County State Hail ZoneMilam TX SevereMills TX Severe

County State Hail ZoneMitchell TX Very SevereMontague TX Very SevereMontgomery TX Severe

Moore TX Very SevereMorris TX Very SevereMotley TX Very Severe

Nacogdoches TX SevereNavarro TX SevereNewton TX SevereNolan TX Very SevereNueces TX SevereOchiltree TX Very SevereOldham TX Very SevereOrange TX Severe

Palo Pinto TX Very SeverePanola TX SevereParker TX Very SevereParmer TX Very SeverePecos TX SeverePolk TX SeverePotter TX Very SeverePresidio TX SevereRains TX Very SevereRandall TX Very SevereReagan TX SevereReal TX Severe

Red River TX Very SevereReeves TX SevereRefugio TX SevereRoberts TX Very SevereRobertson TX SevereRockwall TX Very SevereRunnels TX SevereRusk TX SevereSabine TX Severe

San Augustine TX SevereSan Jacinto TX SevereSan Patricio TX SevereSan Saba TX SevereSchleicher TX SevereScurry TX Very Severe

Shackelford TX Very SevereShelby TX SevereSherman TX Very SevereSmith TX Very Severe

Somervell TX Very SevereStarr TX Severe

Stephens TX Very SevereSterling TX SevereStonewall TX Very Severe




Sutton TX SevereSwisher TX Very SevereTarrant TX Very SevereTaylor TX Very SevereTerrell TX SevereTerry TX Very SevereCounty State Hail Zone

Throckmorton TX Very SevereTitus TX Very Severe

Tom Green TX SevereTravis TX SevereTrinity TX SevereTyler TX SevereUpshur TX Very SevereUpton TX SevereUvalde TX Severe

Val Verde TX SevereVan Zandt TX Very SevereVictoria TX SevereWalker TX SevereWaller TX SevereWard TX Severe

Washington TX SevereWebb TX Severe

Wharton TX SevereWheeler TX Very SevereWichita TX Very SevereWilbarger TX Very SevereWillacy TX Severe

Williamson TX SevereWilson TX SevereWinkler TX SevereWise TX Very SevereWood TX Very SevereYoakum TX Very SevereYoung TX Very SevereZapata TX SevereZavala TX Severe



1-34 H

ail Dam

age

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FM

Global Property Loss Prevention D

ata Sheets

2009 Factory M

utual Insurance Com

pany. All rights reserved

Fig. 9. Texas counties in very severe hail area with US inset

Section 1 List1.0 SCOPE 1.1 Changes

2.0 LOSS PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS 2.1 Construction and Location 2.1.2 Recommendations Applicable to Facilities in Very Severe or Severe Hail Hazard Areas

2.2 Operation and Maintenance

3.0 SUPPORT FOR RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1 Loss Experience 3.2 Loss History

4.0 REFERENCES 4.1 FM Global 4.2 Other

APPENDIX A GLOSSARY OF TERMS APPENDIX B DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY APPENDIX C SUPPORTING INFORMATION Fig. 1. Size comparison of large hail stone to golf ball Fig. 2. Size comparison of large hail stone to tennis ball Fig. 3. Hail damaged HVAC unit Fig. 4. HVAC unit with hail guard over cooling fins at same location as hail damaged unit in Figure 3 Fig. 5. Hail damage to severely "alligatored" roof (built-up roof) Fig. 6. Hail damage to asbestos cement roof Fig. 7. Hail damage to clay roof tiles Fig. 8. Hailstorm hazard map for the United States Fig. 9. Texas counties in very severe hail area with US inset Table 1. Roof Hail Ratings Table 2. Impact Energy of Hail Stones (For Design Purposes) Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd) Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd) Table 3. Hail Zones for Texas (USA) Counties (Contd)

FMDS0134

Documents

hail guard

hail damaged unit

hail damaged hvac unit

severe hail hazard areas

alligatored roof builtup

roof tiles

loss history

asbestos cement roof