Fluid and electrolyte

Paediatrics seminar

COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS

& FLUID LOSS

TOTAL BODY FLUID IS DIVIDED INTO 2 COMPARTEMENTS:-1.Intracellular(ICF)

2.Extracellular(ECF)

Total Body Water

INTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENTConsists of 40% of body weight

EXTRACELLULAR COMPARTMENT

Interstitial fluid- 80% of ECF Plasma- 20% of ECF Transcellular fluid Gastrointestinal CSF Peritonial & ocular

Consists of 20% of body water

ICF & ECF

ICF (30-40%)

Interstitiial (15%) Plasma(5

%)

An equilibrium is always maintained between

ICF ECF

&

Sodium ion

Pottasium ion

10424

14 62

Plasma anions

Cl-

HCO3-

Proteins

Others

Phosphates

3 10

40107

Intracellular Anions

Cl-

HCO3-

Proteins

Phophates

Chloride ion

FLUID LOSSPlasma water loss dehydration,anaemia polycythemia,heart failure

hypoalbuminemia, abnormal plasma osmolality

Fluid loss in neonatesInsensible water loss ----15 –30ml/kgRenal water loss -----------60—90ml/kgStool water loss-------------10 ml/kgGrowth --------------10—15 ml/kgWater of oxidation-----------15---18ml/kg

Insensible fluid loss in neonates

Increase in surface area per unit body massDecrease in subcutaneous fat tissueThin epidermisIncreased permeability of epidermis

causes -----