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*********************Peer Reviewed Research Paper********************
Orchids of The Karbi Anglong District of Assam, India
Khyanjeet Gogoi¹ and Rajendra Yonzone²
Ed. Note: This is Part II of a paper in three parts. It is continued
from MIOS Journ. 14(4): 11-20. April, 2013. Part III will con-
clude this paper in MIOS Journ. 14(6) June, 2013.
Eneumeration
ACAMPE Lindl.
About 10 species are distributed from tropical the Himalayan regions to Indochi-
na, and SE Asia, tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, and the islands of
the West Indian Ocean. 6 species are in India, with 3 species in Assam and Karbi
Anglong District.
Acampe ochracea (Lindl.) Hochr., Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6: 270. 1910.
Epiphyte; inflorescences several; flowers slightly fragrant; sepals and petals
yellowish green with reddish brown transverse stripes and spots; lip white, spotted
with purple-red.
Flowering: Nov. – Dec.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in open forests.
Acampe praemorsa (Roxb.) Blatt. & Mc Cann, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35: 495.
1932. Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) Lindl., Fol. Orchid, 2, 1853.
Epiphyte; flowers 1 cm across, yellow, slightly fragrant; sepals and petals yel-
low with reddish brown transverse stripes; lip white, slightly spotted with purple-
red.
Flowering: Nov. – Dec.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk.
Acampe rigida (Buch-Ham. ex J.E. Sm.) P.F. Hunt in Kew Bull. 24: 98. 1970;
Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 41, 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers yellow with purplish brown transverse stripes; lip white, with
purplish brown longitudinal stripes above.
Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks or large branches.
ACANTHEPHIPPIUM Bl.
Eleven species distributed in S and NE India and Bangladesh, throughout SE
Asia, to S Japan, New Guinea, and the SW Pacific islands; 3 species in India, 2 in
Assam and Karbi Anglong District district.
Acanthephippium striatum Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 24(Misc.): 41. 1838;
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 816. 1890.
Terrestrial; flowers creamy white with parallel red venation, tubular, 3.5–4.5 cm
across.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
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Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Growing in shaded & humid places in dense forests, banks of streams.
Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 177. 1833.
Terrestrial; Inflorescence 15–20 cm, fleshy; rachis densely 3–5-flowered; Flow-
ers white or yellow with purplish brown spots, campanulate-tubular, 40–45 mm.
Flowering: April – July.
Habitat: Shaded and Damp places in dense forests.
AERIDES Lour.
About 20 species distributed in Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Chi-
na, Thailand, Indochina, and Malaysia to the Philippines and Indonesia; 10 species
in India, 5 species in North East India and 3 species in Karbi Anglong District.
Aerides multiflora Roxb., Pl. Corom. 3: 68, t. 271. 1820; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India
6:44, 1890.
Epiphyte; flowers reddish or pinkish purple with darker spots, 2-2.5cm across.
Flowering: May – July.
Habitat: Shaded and humid places in dense forests, banks of streams.
Aerides odorata Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 525. 1790; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 6:47,
1890.
Epiphyte; flowers white with purple blotches at the extremeties, 2.2-2.5 cm
across, fragrant.
Flowering : May-June.
Habitat: Epiphyte in lowland forest.
Aerides rosea Lodd. ex. Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Gard. 2: 109. 1852; Chowdhery, Orch.
Fl. Arunachal Prad. 49. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers fragrant, purplish-pink suffused with white, dark pink spotted,
opening widely, about 2 cm across.
Flowering: May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest and humid evergreen forest.
ANOECTOCHILUS Bl.
About 40 species known from India and the E Himalayas, through S and SE
Asia to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; 16 species in India, 3 species in As-
sam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District.
Anoectochilus brevilabris Lindl. Gen. Sp. Orchid. 499. 1840; Hook. f., Fl. Brit.
India 5: 824. 1890. Anoectochilus sikkimensis King & Pantl., J. Asiat. Soc. Ben-
gal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 65: 124 (1896).
Terrestrial; flowers pinkish, lip white, about 2.5 cm. long.
Flowering: April – June.
Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest.
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Anoectochilus setaceus Bl., Bijdr.: 412. 1825. Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.)
Lindl. in J.F.Royle, III. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 368. 1839.
Terrestrial; flowers white or pinkish; lip white.
Flowering: July- August.
Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest.
ARACHNIS Bl.
About 13 species distributed in the tropical Asia; 2 species in India, 1 in the
Karbi Anglong District.
Arachnis labrosa (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f., Bot. Centralbl. 28: 343. 1886; Chow-
dhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 73 (1998).
flowers many, laxly arranged, pale yellow with reddish brown spots or markings
mostly along margins and at apex, 4 cm across.
Flowering: Aug.-Sept.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks along forest margins in cool and shady places.
ASCOCENTRUM Schltr. ex J. J. Sm.
About 5 species distributed in the Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines; 7
species in India, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
Ascocentrum ampullaceum (Roxb.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.
1: 975. 1913.
Epiphyte; inflorescences often 2–4, many flowered; flowers uniformly deep pink-
ish red, opening widely, 1.5–1.8 cm in diameter.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved evergreen forests.
BIERMANNIA King & Pantl.
About 9 species distributed in China, India, Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia,
Thailand, Vietnam; 2 species in India; 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
Biermannia bimaculata (King & Pantl.) King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.
Calcutta 8: 200. t. 267; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 53, 1998; Mishra,
Orch. India, 282, 2007.
Epiphyte; flowers 2-3, distichous, 1-1.2 cm across, white, sweet scented.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphytic in dense humid evergreen forest.
BRACHYCORYTHIS Lindl.
About 33 species distributed in S and tropical Africa and Madagascar, with a few
species extending to tropical and subtropical Asia; 1 species in Karbi Anglong Dis-
trict.
Brachycorythis helferi (Rchb.f.) Summerh., Kew Bull. 10: 235 (1955). (Fig. 3)
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
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Terrestrial; inflo-
rescence 5-8 flowered;
single flowers arising
from leaf axil, purplish
white.
Flowering: June- July.
Habitat: Forests, open
places in grasslands.
BULBOPHYLLUM Thouars
About 1,900 species
distributed in tropical
areas of both Old and
New Worlds; 100 spe-
cies in India and Assam
represents 24 species, 6
species in Karbi An-
glong District.
Bulbophyllum capillipes
Par. & Reich. f. in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon-
don 30: 150, t. 32 a.
1847; Hook. f., Fl. Brit.
India 5: 755. 1890. (Fig.
4)
Eiphytic; flowers yel-
low, with red tinged
lines, about 1.5 cm
across, solitary; lip vio-
let- purple.
Flowering: July - Sep-
tember.
Habitat: Epiphyte on
tree trunks in open ever-
green forest.
Bulbophyllum car-
eyanum (Hook. f.)
Spreng., Syst. Veg. 3:
732. 1826; Hook. f., Fl.
Brit. India 5: 760. 1890.
Epiphyte; flowers
purplish-brown, 0.5-
0.8cm. long.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 3. Brachycorythis helferi Rchb. f..) Summerh. (1955). Date taken: 21Jul-11
Fig. 4. Bulbophyllum capillipes Par. & Reich. f. (1890). Date taken: 28Nov-11
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Flowering: October- December.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunks in dense humid evergreen forest.
Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 760.
1890. (Fig. 5)
Epiphyte; raceme 2–7 cm,
densely many flowered; Flow-
ers yellowish brown.
Flowering: Nov. - Dec.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree
trunks in evergreen broad-
leaved forests.
Bulbophyllum delitescens Hance in Jour. Bot. 14: 44.
1876; Scidenf. Not. Cir-
rhopetalum Lindl. 215. 1987.
Epiphyte; flowers reddish-
brown.
Flowering: June-July.
Habitat: Epiphyte in dense
humid evergreen forest near a waterfall
Bulbophyllum roxburghii (Lindl.) Reich. f. in W.G.Walpers, Ann. Bot. Syst. 6:
263. 1861.
Epiphyte; Inflorescence umbellate; flowers small, dirty brown or pale rosy, spot-
ted with purple.
Flowering: April – July
Habitat: Epiphytic in evergreen forest.
CALANTHE R. Brown
About 150 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia, New
Guinea, and the SW Pacific islands, as well as tropical Africa and Central and NW
South America; 23 species in India, 9 in Assam, 2 species in Karbi Anglong Dis-
trict.
Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 250. 1833.
Calanthe masuca (D. Don) Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 249. 1830; Hook. f., Fl.
Brit. India 5: 850. 1890.
Terrestrial; flowers pale pinkish purple with purple lip sometimes flushed with
orange.
Flowering: August – September.
Habitat: Terrestrial in damp places on riversides.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 5. Bulbophyllum crassipes Hook. f.. (1890). Date taken: 13Nov-11.
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Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, Philipp. J. Sci., C, 2: 326. 1907.
Terrestrial; flowers white, occasionally purplish red, later turning orange, turning
black when dried.
Flowering: May.
Habitat: Terrestrial in evergreen broad-leaved forests.
CLEISOCENTRON Bruhl
1 species in India, Assam and Karbi Anglong District.
Cleisocentron pallens (Cathcart ex Lindl.) Pearce & Cribb, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58:
118. 2001. Cleisocentron trichromum (Reichb. f.) Bruhl, Guid. Orch. Sikkim 137.
1926.
Epiphyte; flowers pinkish, 2.5-2.8 cm across; sepals and petals pale-straw col-
oured, with a middle pink band.
Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks evergreen forests.
CLEISOSTOMA Bl.
About 100 species distributed in Sri Lanka, India, mainland SE Asia, Malaysia,
and Indonesia to the Philippines, New Guinea, Pacific islands, and Australia; 19
species in India among them 3 species grow in Karbi Anglong District.
Cleisostoma appendiculatum (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Jackson in Index Kew.
1: 555. 1895; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 200. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers 1.5 cm across, sepals and petals buff with purple longitudinal
lines.
Flowering: August- October.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests.
Cleisostoma filiforme (Lindl.) Garay in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 23(4):
171. 1972; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 204. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers about 1.3 cm across; sepals and petals yellowish green, with
purplish brown stripes; lip white with purple-red midlobe, column yellow.
Flowering: April- June.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests.
Cleisostoma subulatum Bl., Bijdr. 363. 1825; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal
Prad. 208. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers about 1 cm across, sepals and petals yellow with intra margin-
al brown bands, lip white at the base.
Flowering: May – June.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.
COELOGYNE Lindl.
About 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia to Oceania, 43
species in India, 15 in Assam and 2 in Karbi Anglong District.
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Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. India, 5: 836, 1890; Pradhan, Indian
Orchid-II, 266, 1979; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad., 234, 1998; Mishra,
Orch. India, 289, 2007.
Flowering: August- December.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.
Coelogyne prolifera Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 40. 1830.
Rhizome rigid; inflorescence hysteranthous, 10–15 cm, 4–6-flowered; flowers
green or yellowish green, 10 mm in diameter.
Flowering: Jun- July.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk or rocks in forests.
CORYMBORKIS Thouars
1 species in India, Assam and
Karbi Anglong District.
Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl., Coll. Orchid. Arch.
Ind. 125, tt. 42 e & 43. 1859;
Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal
Prad. 246. 1998.
Terrestrial; flowers white, fra-
grant, not widely spreading, 3.2–
3.8 cm long.
Flowering: March – May.
Habitat: Terrestrial at shade
and in dense humid evergreen
forest with undergrowth of tall
herbs.
CREPIDIUM Bl.
About 280 species distributed in throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics,
Australasia, and Indian Ocean islands, with a few species in temperate Asia; 10
species in India, 2 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District.
Crepidium acuminatum (D.Don) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 123.
1995. Malaxis acuminata D. Don. Prodr. Fl. Nepal 29. 1852.
Terrestrial; Flowers purplish red, 1.5 cm across
Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Terrestrial in dense humid evergreen forest on rocky terrain, also in the
lowlands.
Crepidium calophyllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 125.
1995. Malaxis calophylla (Rchb.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 673. 1891. (Fig. 6)
Plants terrestrial; many flowered; flowers pale yellowish green, lip with purplish
red base.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 6. Crepidium calophllum (Rchb.f.) Szlach. (1995). Date taken: 22Jul-11.
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Flowering time: July.
Habitat: Humus-rich soils in dense forests.
Distribution: NE India, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thai-
land, Vietnam.
CYMBIDIUM Sw.
About 55 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, south to Papua
New Guinea and Australia; 30 species in India, 12 in Assam and 4 species in
Karbi Anglong District.
Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. in Nova Acta Upsal. 2, 6: 73. 1799; Hook. f., Fl.
Brit. India 6: 10. 1890.
Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across, slightly fragrant; sepals and petals pale yellow
to cream-yellow, with a broad central maroon-brown stripe; lip cream-colored.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.
Cymbidium bicolor Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 164. 1833; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:
10. 1890.
Epiphytic; flowers 3–4 cm across; sepals and petals yellow with a central pur-
plish red longitudinal stripe; lip cream-yellow.
Flowering: May – June.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.
Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 163. 1833; Hook.
f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 13. 1890.
Flowers 4–5 cm across, greenish yellow, with longitudinal red-brown or purple
lines in sepals and petals; lip yellowish green to pale yellow, with purple striations
on lateral lobes and purple spots or patches on mid-lobe.
Flowering: October – January.
Habitat: Under Tropical forests, in a shady place.
Cymbidium dayanum Rechb. f. in Gard. Chron. 710. 1869; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl.
Arunachal Prad., 256, 1998.
Epiphytic; flowers 4–5 cm across; sepals and petals white, with a central ma-
roon stripe; lip maroon, tinged white at its base.
Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.
CYRTOSIA Bl.
Five species distributed in tropical Asia to E Asia; three species in India, 2 in
Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
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Cyrtosia javanica Bl., Bijdr. 396. 1825. Galeola javanica (Bl.) Benth. & Hook. f.,
Gen. Pl. 3: 590. 1883. (Fig. 7)
Plants small, ca. 10 cm tall; flowers not fully opening, yellowish brown, fleshy.
Flowering: May – June.
Habitat: Terrestrial in
humid evergreen forest
and bamboo forests.
DENDROBIUM Sw.
About 1,100 species
distributed in India across
to Japan, south to Malay-
sia and Indonesia, east to
Australia, New Guinea,
and the Pacific islands;
102 species in India and
nearly 20 species grow in
Assam, 12 species grow
in Karbi Anglong District.
Dendrobium acinaci-
forme Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3:
487. 1832; Chowdhery,
Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad.
283. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers yellowish-white, about 1 cm long.
Flowering: June – August.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in dense humid evergreen forest.
Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.) Fischer in Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1416. 1928;
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 738. 1890.
Epiphyte; flowers, pale rose, 4.5-5 cm across; lip yellow.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest or open forest.
Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1299. 1830.
Epiphyte, Flowers thickly textured, yellow, lip disk with a chestnut blotch on
either side.
Flowering: October-November.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in dense forests, lithophytic on wet rocks in
valleys.
Dendrobium cumulatum Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 756. 1855; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. In-
dia 5: 731. 1890.
Epiphytic; flowers white with purple; lip white suffused with yellow.
Flowering: March – May.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 7. Cyrtosia javanica Bl. (1883). Date taken: 21Jul-11.
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Habitat: Epiphyte on tree
trunk in forest along small
streams.
Dendrobium fimbriautm Hook. f., Exot. Fl. t. 71. 1823;
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 745.
1890.
Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm
across, sepals and petals golden
yellow; lip golden yellow, with
or without maroon blotch.
Flowering: March – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed
deciduous forest, also in humid
evergreen forest.
Dendrobium formosum Roxb.
ex Lindl. in Wall., Pl. Asiat.
Rar. 1: 34, t. 39. 1830. Hook.
f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 721. 1890. (Fig. 8)
Epiphytic; inflorescence 2-5 flowered; flowers white, 7-8 cm across; lip white
with yellow blotches at middle.
Flowering: May- July.
Habitat: Epiphyte in tropical
forest.
Dendrobium fugax Rchb.f.,
Gard. Chron. 1257. 1871.
Flickingeria fugax (Reichb. f.)
Seidenf. in Dansk Bot. Arkiv
34: 46. 1980.
Epiphyte; flowers white, 3-
3.5cm across, fugacious.
Flowering: March – October.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid
evergreen forest, mixed decidu-
ous forest.
Dendrobium jenkinsii Wallich
ex Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg.
25: ad t. 37. 1839. (Fig. 9)
Epiphyte; Inflorescence lateral from pseudobulb, shorter than or nearly as long
as stem, 1–3-flowered; flowers ca. 4 cm, uniformly yellow-orange.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 8. Dendrobium formosum Roxb. ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 21Jul-11.
Fig. 9. Dendrobium jenkinsii Wallich ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 23Mar-12.
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Dendrobium lituiflorum Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 372. 1856; Hook, Fl. Brit. India 5:
740. 1890.
Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm. across, pale purple inner surface of lip with a deep
purple spot surrounded by a white circle.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests.
Dendrobium moschatum (Buch-Hum.) Sw. in Schrad., Neu. Jour. Bot. 1: 94.
1805; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 311. 1998.
Epiphytic; flower orange yellow, 5-7 cm across, deep yellow disk with a pale
purplish brown blotch on either side.
Flowering: April – June.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in open forests.
Dendrobium nobile Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 79. 1830; Hooker Fl. Brit . India,
5, 740, 1890.
Flowers 5-7cm. across, white merging with purple at apex, wavy in texture, lip
purple at tip, at middle followed by deep purple central blotch, both surfaces
densely pubescent.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, also in the lowlands.
Dendrobium transparens Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. 79. 1830; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.
India 5: 738. 1890; Chowdhry, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 327. 1998.
Epiphytic; flowers 4-5 cm across; sepals and petals white linged with purple at
tips, lip white with large purple patch on the disc.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks at forest.
DIENIA Lindl.
About 19 species distributed in throughout the Asian tropics and subtropics and
in Australia; 3 species in India 1 in Assam and Karbi Anglong District.
Dienia ophrydis (J. Konig) Seidenf., Contr. Orchid Fl. Thailand 13: 18. 1997.
Malaxis latifolia J.E. Smith in Rees, Cyclop. 22, no. 3. 1819.
Terrestrial; flowers pale purple, 1 cm across.
Flowering: May – June.
Habitat: Terrestrial in open humid evergreen forest.
ERIA Lindl.
Eria (s.l.) comprises ca. 370 species widespread in tropical Asia and the whole
of the Malay Archipelago, east to New Guinea and Bougainville Island; around 10
species in Assam, the Karbi Anglong District has 2 species.
Eria lasiopetala (Willd.) Ormerod, Opera Bot. 124: 22. 1995. Eria pubescens
(Hook. f.) Lindl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. 3: 54. 1858.
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Epiphytic, flowers yellow, tomentose, about 1.5 cm across.
Flowering: March-April.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest.
Eria tomentosa (Konig) Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 803. 1890; Chowdhery, Orch.
Fl. Arunachal Prad., 385, 1998; Mishra, Orch. India, 298, 2007.
Flowering: September- November.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest.
Distribution: N.E. India, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam.
EULOPHIA R. Br. ex Lindl.
About 200 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, most diverse
in Africa, but
also wide-
spread from
Madagascar
and the Mas-
carene Islands
to C and tropi-
cal Asia, the
SW Pacific
islands, and N
and NW Aus-
tralia; 32 spe-
cies in India; 9
species in As-
sam; 2 in
Karbi Anglong
District.
Eulophia gra-
minea Lindl.,
Gen. Sp. Or-
chid. Pl.: 182.
1833.
Flowers
medium-sized,
to ca. 30 mm
in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with
purplish red lamellae.
Flowering: April- May.
Habitat: Grassy places in open forests, open slopes, disturbed grasslands, forests
along sandy beaches, coastal grasslands.
Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm., Orch. Java, 228. 1905. (Fig. 10)
Plants terrestrial, laxly more than 20-flowered; flowers sub-erect, spreading, or
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 10. Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb. f.) J. J. Sm(1905). Date taken: 23Jul-11.
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nodding, dull purple-red to brownish yellow.
Flowering: May- July.
Habitat: Sparse forests, bamboo forests, grassy slopes.
GASTROCHILUS D. Don.
About 47 species distributed in from India and Sri Lanka to E Asia and south to
Indonesia; about 12 species in India, 3 in Assam and 2 in Karbi Anglong District.
Gastrochilus dasypogon (J.E. Sm.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 661. 1891; Chow-
dhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 413 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers yellow with brownish-purple spots, 1.5-2 cm across.
Flowering: October – November.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest.
Gastrochilus inconspicuus (Hook.f.) O. Ktze., Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 661. 1891; Chow-
dhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 413. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers white or yellowish-green, 0.5cm across.
Flowering: June- July.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest.
GEODORUM Jacks.
About ten species distributed in from tropical Asia, as far north as S Japan
(Ryukyu Islands), to Australia and the SW Pacific islands; 1 species in India, As-
sam and Karbi Anglong District.
Geodorum densiflorum (Lamk.) Schltr. in Fedde Report. Behi. 4: 259. 1919;
Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 418. 1998.
Terrestrial; flowers white to pinkish, lip with a central yellow callus and crimson
-purple venation and streaks.
Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Terrestrial in evergreen forest, also in grass land.
GOODYERA R. Brown
About 100 species distributed in S Africa, Asia, NE Australia, Europe, Mada-
gascar, North America including Mexico, SW Pacific islands; 17 species in India,
4 in Assam, 2 species in Karbi Anglong District.
Goodyera procera (Wallich ex Ker- Gawl.) Hook. f., Exot. Fl. 1, 3: t. 39. 1823;
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 111. 1890.
Terrestrial; flowers fragrant, opening weakly, white tinged pale green.
Flowering: April – June.
Habitat: Terrestrial at the bank of a small stream and in evergreen forest, also on
rock in a stream.
Goodyera viridiflora (Bl.) Bl., Coll. Orchid.: 41. 1858.
Flowers opening widely, pale green tinged pale reddish brown, large; pedicel
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
15
and ovary pale reddish brown, cylindric-fusiform, 14–15 mm, pubescent toward
apex.
Flowering: August- Sept.
Habitat Forests, damp places
along streams, in thin leaf litter
on rocks.
HABENARIA Willd.
About 600 species distributed
in worldwide, mainly in tropical
and subtropical areas; about 66
species in India; 7 in Assam; 2
in Karbi Anglong District.
Habenaria acuifera Wallich ex
Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 325.
1835. (Fig. 11)
Plants terrestrial, 14–38 cm
tall; raceme 8–20-flowered, 3–8
cm; flowers yellow, small
Flowering time: Jun–August.
Habitat: Forests, thickets, grasslands.
Habenaria furcifera Lindl.,
Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 319. 1835.
Plants to 50 cm tall; raceme
densely many flowered, 9.5–13
cm; flowers greenish, small,
glabrous, small. Flowering time:
Jun–Sept.
Habitat: Forests, thickets,
grasslands.
HETAERIA Bl.
About 30 species distributed
in tropical Africa and Asia, ex-
tending to New Guinea, NE
Australia, and the Pacific is-
lands; 6 species in India, 2 in
Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong
District.
Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod, Oasis, Suppl. 2: 9, 2001; Mishra,
Orch. India, 304, 2007. (Fig. 12)
Terrestrial; flowers opening slightly, 5-6 mm across, green, tipped with pink; lip
white.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 11. Habenaria acuifera Wallich ex Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 21Jul-11.
Fig. 12. Hetaeria affinis (Griff.) Seidenf. & Ormerod. (2007). Date taken: 08Mar-12.
Page 8
16
Flowering: April- May.
Habitat: Terrestrial in second-
ary evergreen forest close to a
small stream.
LIPARIS Richard
About 320 species distributed
in well represented in tropical
Asia, New Guinea, Australia, SW
Pacific islands, and the subtropi-
cal and tropical Americas, with a
single species in Europe and two
in North America; 45 species in
India, 9 in Assam and 3 in Karbi
Anglong District.
Liparis viridiflora (Bl.) Lindl.,
Gen. Sp. Orchid. 31. 1830;
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 704.
1890.
Epiphytic; flowers greenish
white or pale greenish yellow.
Flowering: April- May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest.
Liparis nervosa (Thunb.)
Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.
26. 1830. (Fig. 13)
Plants terrestrial; rachis
several flowered; flowers
yellowish purple, small.
Flowering time: Jun–July.
Habitat: Forests, shaded
places in grasslands or soil-
covered rocks.
Liparis wightiana Thwaites
Enum . Pl. Zeyl. 295 . 1861.
(Fig. 14)
Plants terrestrial; rachis 10–
20 flowered; flowers greenish
yellow, small.
Flowering time: June–July.
Habitat: Forests, shaded
places in grasslands or soil-
covered rocks.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 13. Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl. (1830). Date taken: 22Jul-11.
Fig. 14. Liparis wightiana Thwaites. (1861). Date taken: 21Jul-11.
17
LUISIA Gaudichaud
About 40 species distributed in Bhutan, China, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Ja-
pan, Malaysia, New Guinea, Pacific islands, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand;
16 species in India, 5 in Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District.
Luisia trichorrhiza (Hook.f.) Bl. Mus. Bot. 1: 63. 1849; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 6:
23. 1890.
Epiphytic; flowers purplish green with faint purple lines, about 1.5cm across.
Flowering: March – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in humid evergreen forest, growing on exposed trees.
Luisia tristis (G.Forst.)
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6:
25. 1890. Luisia zeylanica
Lindl., Fol. Orchid. Luisia,
3. 1853.
Epiphytic; flowers green-
ish yellow, with purple base.
Flowering: April- May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in hu-
mid evergreen forest, grow-
ing on exposed trees.
MICROPERA Lindl.
About 15 species distrib-
uted in ranging from the
Himalayas to SE Asia, New
Guinea, Australia, and the
Solomon Islands; 3 species
in India, 3 in Assam and 3
in Karbi Anglong District.
Micropera mannii (Hook.f.) Tang & Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(1): 94. 1951;
Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 512. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers pale-pink, 0.6-0.7 cm across.
Flowering: June – July.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest.
Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1522. 1832. (Fig. 15)
Epiphyte with a stout robust stem; inflorescence paniculate, many flowered;
flowers yellowish, 1.2 cm across.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest.
Micropera rostrata (Roxb.) Balakr. in Jour. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 67: 66. 1970;
Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 512. 1998.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 15. Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl. (1832). Date taken: 02May-11.
Page 9
18
Epiphyte; Flowers pale-purple, 1.5-2 cm across.
Flowering: April – May.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest.
NERVILIA Commers. ex Gaud.
About 65 species distributed in tropical and subtropical Africa, Madagascar, and
parts of the Arabian Peninsula, across India, Nepal, and Bhutan to Japan, SE Asia,
New Guinea, N Australia, and the SW Pacific islands; 14 species in India, 3 in As-
sam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 403. 1911. Nervilia discolor
(Bl.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 403. 1911.
Terrestrial; sepals brownish yellow or purple with purplish red venation, petals
brownish yellow or purple with purplish red venation, lip brownish tinged yellow at
center and with purplish brown venation.
Flowering time: May–Jun.
Habitat: Forests, shaded and damp places.
OBERONIA Lindl.
About 200 species distributed in centered in tropical S and SE Asia but extending
to tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, the Philippines, New Guinea,
NE Australia, and the SW Pacific islands across to Tahiti; 50 species in India, 13 in
Assam, 2 in Karbi Anglong District.
Oberonia falconeri Hook. f., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 18: ad t. 1780. 1888.
Stem short; rachis 6.5–13 cm, many flowered; Flowers whorled, white or green to
greenish yellow.
Flowering: August – October.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in forests.
Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. in Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid
Fl. Thailand 13: 20. 1997; Mishra, Orch. India 309. 2007.
Epiphytic; flowers yellowish.
Flowering: September – October.
Habitat: Epiphyte on tree trunk in evergreen tropical forest.
PAPILIONANTHE Schltr.
About 12 species distributed in China, India, SE Asia and the Malay Archipelago;
4 species in India, 2 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schltr. in Orchis 9: 78: 1915; Chowdhery, Orch. Fl.
Arunachal Prad. 570. 1998.
Epiphyte; flowers 5–10 cm across; sepals and petals white, tinged with pink or
purplish; lip deep purple-red.
Flowering: April – May.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist..
19
Habitat: Epiphyte in mixed deciduous forest, also on solitary roadside trees.
PECTEILIS Raf.
About five species distributed in E and SE Asia, Himalayas; 4 species in India, 2
in Assam and 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
Pecteilis susannae (Lin.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 38. 1837. Orchis susannae Lin., Sp.
Pl. 2: 939. 1753. (Fig. 16)
Plants robust, 45–120 cm tall; tubers ovoid-cylindric, laxly 2–5-flowered; flow-
ers fragrant, white, large.
Flowering time: July–Sept.
Habitat: Forests, grassy
slopes, damp places in val-
leys.
PERISTYLUS Bl.
About 70 species distribut-
ed in SE Asia to New Guinea,
NE Australia, and the SW
Pacific islands; 27 species in
India, 4 in Assam and 1 in
Karbi Anglong District.
Peristylus constrictus (Lindl.)
Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.
300. 1835.
Plants robust; inflorescence
21–42 cm, densely many
flowered; flowers pure white.
Flowering: June- August.
Habitat: Terrestrial, scrub-
by slopes in forests.
PHAIUS Lour.
About 40 species: tropical Africa, Madagascar, tropical and subtropical Asia to
Oceania; 7 species in India, 4 in Assam, 1 in Karbi Anglong District.
Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f., Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 43.
1857; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 109, t. 152. 1898.
Flowers not widely opening, 5–6 cm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 2–3 cm, gla-
brous; sepals and petals pale pink to dark red or purple-brown.
Flowering: November- January.
Habitat: Terrestrial on the bank of a small stream in dense humid evergreen
forest.
The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 16. Pecteilis susannae (Lin.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. (1837). Date taken: 21Jul-11.
Page 10
20
Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L’ Herit.) Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd.- Bat. 2: 177. 1856;
Chowdhery, Orch. Fl. Arunachal Prad. 583. 1998.
Terrestrial; flowers 7–12 cm across; sepals and petals whitish outside, reddish
brown or brown inside; lip white toward base, pink or red-pink toward entrance
with white stripes on inside.
Flowering: Nov. - January.
Habitat: Terrestrial, shaded and
damp places in forests.
PHALAENOPSIS Bl.
About 45 species: from India to
S China, Thailand, Indochina, Ma-
laysia, and Indonesia to the Philip-
pines and New Guinea, the majori-
ty in Indonesia and the Philippines;
7 species in India, 5 in Assam, 4 in
Karbi Anglong District.
Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f.,
Bonplandia (Hannover) 2: 93.
1854. Kingidium deliciosum
(Rchb. f.) Sweet in Amer. Orchid
Soc. Bull. 39: 1095. 1970.
Epiphytic; flowers greenish yellow; lip purple spotted.
Flowering: May – July.
Habitat: Epiphyte in gallery forest along a large river, in a shady spot in humid
evergreen forest.
Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 27: 37. 2005;
Chen et al. Orchidaceae, Fl. China. 25: 481. 2009. (Fig. 17)
Epiphytic ; flowers fully open, almost 1.5 cm across, sepals and petals creamy-
white, mid-lobe of lip with two chestnut-rusty vertical bands, column white.
Flowering: April- May.
Habitat: Epiphyte in forest along a river, in a shady spot in humid evergreen
forest.
Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. 1871: 902. 1871; Hook. f., Fl. Brit.
India, 6: 30, 1890.
Epiphytic; flowers 3-4 cm across; sepals and petals yellow with dark brown
spots and bars; lip mid-lobe white; column yellow.
Flowering: March – May.
Habitat: Epiphytic on tree trunks in evergreen forests.
Ed. Note: End Part II. Part III to be concluded in MIOS Vol. 14(6) June, 2013.
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The MIOS Journal 14(5): 2-20. 2013. Gogoi, K. and R. Yonzone. Orchids of The Karbi Anglong Dist...
Fig. 17. Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J. Liu et S.C. Chen. Date taken: 15Apr-12.