- 1. LLNL-PRES-582152This work was performed under the auspices
of theU.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence LivermoreNational
Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.Lawrence Livermore
National Security, LLCMichael StadermannIMAGE
2. 1/6th of the worldspopulation does not havedaily access to
freshwater Global market for desalination is $10 billion/yearand
expected to double in the next 5 yearsLawrence Livermore National
LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821522 57% of the U.Sexperienced drought
in2012 3. Lawrence Livermore National
LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821523DesaltedwaterSalt
waterPorouselectrodeUCnhcahragregde dC CDD c eclel llV ~ 1
VElectric doublelayer (EDL)Na+Cl-+-Brine 4. Lawrence Livermore
National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821524 water in electrode does not
contributeto desalination slow (60 mins/ cycle) high energy cost
low capacity (removes ~1.5 g/L/charge) entire electrode
volumecontributes to desalination faster (10-20x) lower energy cost
(up to 3x) higher capacity (~4.5 g/L/charge)Flow-between
architectureLLNL flow-through electrodearchitecture 5. Lawrence
Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821525 hierarchical carbon
aerogel (HCAM) 1-5 m macropores 1-2 nm nanopores robust carbon
material proof of principal performed with a0.4 ml test cell
confirms projected performance technical challenge: recovering
waterfrom cell with minimal mixing2 m 6. Lawrence Livermore
National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-5821526mature technologyhigh energy
efficiency (2.5kWh/m3)membranes are fragilepump(75
atm)energyrecovery 7. Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryRO
drawbacks FTE-CD advantagesLLNL-PRES-5821527requires high
pressurecan be operated gravityfedmechanical energyrecovery
(expensive)electronic energy recovery(cheap)efficiency drops with
sizesize-independentefficiencyfragile polymer membrane robust
carbon electrodemethod limits recovery solubility limits
recoveryInfrastructure is 1/3rd of thewater cost. 8. Application
Description Target Customers Current PracticeLawrence Livermore
National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-582152Coalbed methane /
frackingproduced water treatmentEnergy companies Water is
discardedBrackish water desalinationInland municipal
watersuppliersROPortable desalination solutionsMilitary,
humanitarianorganizationsROHousehold desalination andwater hardness
removalConsumer RO, ion exchangers8 9. individual components
havebeen demonstratedLawrence Livermore National
LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-582152 next steps: 10 ml/hr benchtop
pilot(~$500k, 1 year) 10 l/hr scale up(~$3M, 1-2 years)9 10.
Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLLNL-PRES-58215210Leah
[email protected]