Flow Instruments

“INLINE FLOW INSTRUMENTS”

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...Credit is given to Diomy Mota, FDIP piping design engineer who assembled most of materials presented in the suceeding slides.

The preparation of these slides was collaborated with Diomy Mota and reviewed by this presentor who is also an FDIP controls systems engineer.

The slides were initially presented to piping department and are used as basis of learning for their design execution.

– …/Willy Alfaras

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

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Become familiar with inline Flow Instruments.

Understand Design Requirements for Flow Metering Devices.

Learn the proper use of Fluor’s guides and standards.

Understand the practice used for determining straight pipe run needed for various meter run installation.

OBJECTIVE:

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COURSE OUTLINE

What is FLOW INSTRUMENTS TYPES of Flow Instrument APPLICATION, FUNCTION and P&ID

SYMBOL Design RESPONSIBILITIES How to EFFECTIVELY USE Meter Run

Schedules Design REQUIREMENTS STRAIGHT REQUIREMENTS Tables

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WHAT IS FLOW INSTRUMENT?

It is a Measuring Device (fluid flow) installed in piping systems to indicate, record and assist in the control of process and utility media.

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TYPES of INLINE FLOW INSTRUMENT

VORTEX METER ANNUBAR (PITOT TUBE) VENTURI TUBE ROTAMETER SONICS METER INSERTION TYPE

ORIFICE FLOWMETER

COMMONLY USED FLOWMETER

SPECIALTY METERS

MAGNETIC FLOWMETER FLOW NOZZLE CORIOLIS MAGNETIC FLOW STRAIGHT TUBE CORIOLIS POSITIVE DISP. METER TURBINE FLOWMETER

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FLOW INSTRUMENTSFUNCTION, APPLICATION,

INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS and P&ID

SYMBOLS

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FUNCTION The orifice meter is the most common head-type flow

measuring device. An orifice plate is inserted in the line, and the differential pressure across it, is measured.

It is utilized extensively in process control because they are simple, reliable, and predictable.

APPLICATION Used for clean fluids such as gas, steam, water,

air, liquid hydrocarbons and chemicals. Straight Run Required. See attachment 1 of

000.250.2710

ORIFICE FLOWMETER

ORIFICE FLOWMETER

Upstream Downstream

FLOW

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

DO NOT WELD ANY ATTACHMENT TO “PURCHASED” METER RUNS. IF ATTACHMENTS ARE REQUIRED, USE CLAMPS

FUNCTION These meter measure the velocity of an electrically

conductive liquid as it cuts the magnetic field produced across the metering tubes. The meter consist of short pipe spool with an electrical coil about the midsection which produces a magnetic field through which the process fluid pass.

APPLICATION Used for corrosive liquids, slurries, and low

pressure loss applications. The magnetic flow is a bi-directional meter. The

output of the meter is the same regardless of the direction of the flow.

Unaffected by changes in fluid density, viscosity, turbulence of the fluid, or by variations in piping.

Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of 000.250.2710

MAGNETIC FLOWMETER

MAGNETIC FLOWMETER

M A G N E T ICC O IL

M A G N E T ICC O IL

E LE C T R O D E S

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

M

Magnetic flow meters need external power supply, mostly 230 VAC.

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FUNCTION The Flow Nozzle works on the same principle as the

orifice plate. It is more rigid than the orifice meter and less likely to suffer damage in high velocity or high temperature services. Flow Nozzles are better suited for gas (vapor or steam) service than for liquid service. In general, the meter run requirements, flange ratings, and tap requirements are the same as for orifice plate installations.

APPLICATION It is used in gas, steam, water and light slurry

services. Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of

000.250.2710

FLOW NOZZLE

FLOW NOZZLE

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

DO NOT WELD ANY ATTACHMENT TO “PURCHASED” METER RUNS. IF ATTACHMENTS ARE REQUIRED, USE CLAMPS or BOLTS

FUNCTION The operation of a Coriolis Flow Meter is based upon the

measurement of Coriolis reaction forces. Coriolis flowmeters measure directly the mass flow rate of liquids

and gases. For gases a minimum density is required to obtain a good measurement result.

Coriolis flowmeters are available in sizes from 100 to 150 mm.

APPLICATION Coriolis flow meters are used mainly in liquid

service including slurries. Unaffected by changes in fluid temperature, pressure, density, and viscosity.

The instrument is suitable for bi-directional flow. They can be applied to handle flow such as peanut

butter, oil/sand mixture, and liquid containing gases.


CORIOLIS METER

CORIOLIS

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

FT

C

This tube is mostly U or shaped, but also circular (coiled) and straight tubes exist.

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FUNCTION The PD Meter traps a fixed volume of process fluid and

transfer it from the inlet to the outlet of the meter.

APPLICATION It is used in refinery gas and liquid services

ranging from LPG to asphalt. Strainers will be required if there is potential for

entrained solids. Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of

000.250.2710

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METER


P&ID SYMBOL

FQI


FUNCTION A turbine meter consists of a multi-bladed rotor suspended

in the fluid stream on a free-running bearing. The flowing fluid causes the rotor to turn at a speed proportional to the amount of the flow.

Meters (turbine/propeller) are generally use to meter the flow which is done by a counter (like gas meter).

APPLICATION Used in measurement of cryogenic liquids (liquid

oxygen and nitrogen), high-pressure water injection to oil wells, aircraft fuel metering, test rig duty, and road tanker filling. Most of the time they are installed in a product line leaving the plant.


TURBINE FLOWMETER

TURBINE FLOWMETER

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

It is generally installed in horizontal lines on a sleeper way. Special bearings and calibration may be required for vertical installation.

FUNCTION The Vortex meter is used to measure the flowing velocity of

any substance. A fluid, flowing with a certain velocity, will generate vortices

when passing an obstruction. The frequency of the vortices is directly proportional to the velocity. The sinus pressure/ velocity waves generated are measured by sensors such as differential pressure sensors, thermistor sensors, piezo electrical sensors or variable capacitance sensors. Each vendor has his own favorite sensor technology.

APPLICATION It can be used on both gas and liquid. Unsuitable for use on viscous or dirty fluids. Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of

000.250.2710

VORTEX METER

VORTEX METER

Vortex meters can be installed in any orientation, however care must be taken to ensure that liquid meters are running full.

Vortex meters are susceptible for oscillating flow and mechanical vibrations.

It should not be installed directly downstream of a pump. Great care is needed when a positive displacement pump is used in the system.

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

V

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FUNCTION Pitot Tubes are used to measure the velocity head of

liquids in relatively large pipes. It incorporates an impact hole on the upstream side of the mast and 2 smaller static holes on each side of the pitot tube head. It is applied to clean liquids with velocities above 7 ft/sec. Volume flows can be determined by locating the pitot at the maximum velocity position in the pipe - usually at the center.

APPLICATION Can be used for a variety of difficult fluid services,

including high temperature, high pressure, and corrosiveness..


ANNUBAR (PITOT TUBE)

ANNUBAR (PITOT TUBE)

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

It can be used in horizontal or vertical lines with proper attention to the impulse line installation as for an orifice plate.

FUNCTION The venturi tube is a length of straight pipe that contracts to a

smaller diameter cone and then expands back to the full diameter of the pipe.

There is a high pressure tap in the full diameter upstream section and a low pressure tap at the throat.

These tubes use specially designed and engineered shapes to give a low head loss. They are, however, considerably larger, heavier, and more expensive than the orifice plates. Installation is also more difficult. These tubes are largely used to reduce capital expenditure on pumping equipment and save pumping energy costs. It’s purpose is to accelarate the fluid and temporarily lower its static pressure. Can make greater pressure recovery.

APPLICATION Used on dirty fluids and slurries. Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of

000.250.2710

VENTURI TUBES

VENTURI TUBE

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

DO NOT WELD ANY ATTACHMENT TO “PURCHASED” METER RUNS. IF ATTACHMENTS ARE REQUIRED, USE CLAMPS or BOLTS.

FUNCTION The rotameter is a variable-area-type flowmeter. It consist

of a tapered metering tube and a float which is free to move up and down within the tube. The fluid to be measured enters at the bottom of the tube, passes upward around the float, and out at the top. It provide a reading calibration scale on the tube and flow rate can be determined by direct observation of the position of the float in the metering tube.

APPLICATION The mass rotameter can be used only for low-

viscosity fluids such as raw sugar juice, gasoline, jet fuels, and other light hydrocarbons.

They can be installed vertically with the flow upward. Size Range: 1/4” to 3” (flanged or threaded fittings). Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of

000.270.2710

ROTAMETER

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DESIGN REQUIREMENTS If possible, install them in a riser so that the

glass does not collect dirt. Allow 3 diameters to smooth out the flow. Also provide breakout spool if the shaft removal

is out the bottom and check to see if the shaft projection interferes with the pipe.

Since the shaft can also be removed from the top on some models, allow room for this if the rotameter is this type.

ROTAMETER

ROTAMETER

P&ID SYMBOL

FI

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FUNCTION Ultrasonic flow meters are suitable to measure the

volumetric flow of gases and liquids. It is used to measure the sound velocity.

APPLICATION Used on clean liquids with little or no solids or

bubbles; gases. The instruments are suitable for bi-directional

flow. The presence of some solids will not affect the meter performance. Sonic flow meters are suitable to handle pulsating flows.


SONIC METER

SONIC METER

P&ID SYMBOL

FE

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FUNCTION The insertion turbine meter is a set of small turbine meter

internals mounted on a probe in a larger diameter pipe. Insertion meters can be hot-tapped into existing pipelines through a valving system without shutting down the pipeline.

The meter only measures the fluid velocity at a single point on the cross-sectional area. It does, however provide a very low cost metering system for large-diameter gas or liquid pipelines where accuracy is not important

APPLICATION Insertion meters can be used on pipelines above 4

inches. Straight Run Required. See attachment 2 of

000.250.2710

INSERTION TYPE

INSERTION TYPE

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PROPER SELECTION, APPLICATION and CLEARANCE ALLOTMENT FOR FLOW INSTRUMENTS PIPING. FABRICATION and INSTALLATION CLEARANCES for LINE MOUNTED FLOW

TRANSMITTER ORIFICE TAP BLOCK VALVES SIZE and

ORIENTATION INTERFACING with CONTROL SYSTEM for

REQUIREMENTS

DESIGN RESPONSIBILITIES

PRACTICE No. 000.270.1301 This practice establishes and defines guidelines for the use and

selection of flow instruments

PRACTICE No. 000 250 2710 & 2711 These practice includes information on meter runs for orifices,

flow nozzles and venturi tubes.

These practices will be used as a design guide by Control systems and Piping Designers. Exceptions to its use will be only with the approval of the Control Systems Engineer.

FOR DETERMINING STRAIGHT PIPE RUN REQUIREMENT FOR VARIOUS METER RUN INSTALLATION:

FLUOR DANIEL PRACTICES

EFFECTIVE USE OF METER RUN SCHEDULES

Guidelines: Understand Notes and Instructions. Proper use of Schedules and Design

Requirements. Understanding Fluor Daniel Practices and

Standards.

(Refer to Attachments)

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ATTACHMENTS

ATTACHMENT 01 (000-250-2710) METER RUNS FOR ORIFICES

Meter Run Table

General Notes

ATTACHMENT 02 (000-250-2710) SPECIALTY METERS

Straight Run Requirements

ATTACHMENT 03 (000-250-2710) METER RUNS FOR ORIFICES, FLOW NOZZLES, AND

VENTURI TUBESGeneral Notes

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ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT 04 (7 Sheets) (000-250-2710)

METER RUN FOR ORIFICES, FLOW NOZZLES and VENTURI TUBES

Schedule 1 through 8 FIGURE 1 to 4 (SCHEDULE 1 through 4)

For Orifice and Flow Nozzles (All Fittings in Same Plane)

FIGURE 5 (SCHEDULE 5) For Orifice and Flow Nozzles (with Reducers and

Expanders) FIGURE 6 (SCHEDULE 6)

For Orifice and Flow Nozzles (in Atmospheric Intake) FIGURE 7 (SCHEDULE 7)

Valves

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ATTACHMENTS FIGURE 8 (SCHEDULE 8)

For Venturi Tubes FIGURE 9

Typical Piping Arrangement With Fittings or Bends In The Same Plane.

FIGURE 10 Typical Piping Arrangement With Fittings or Bends Not

In The Same Plane. FIGURE 11

Typical Piping Arrangement At Boiler Outlet

ATTACHMENT 05 (000-250-2711) INSTRUMENT PIPING - ORIFICE FLANGE TAP PIPING

Fabrication and Installation PackagesClearances for Line Mounted Flow Transmitter

Flow Instruments

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