International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 03 27 114603-6262 IJET-IJENS @ June 2011 IJENS I J E N S Abstract— This research investigated the flow and convective heat transfer characteristics of an impinging synthetic jet with different excitation modes. The synthetic air jet was generated by a vibrating membrane which pushed out the air from the cavity through the exit nozzles with oscillatory motion. The main purpose of this synthetic jet was to create vortices pair to come out from nozzle which will accelerate the heat transfer process occurring at the impinged wall. This heat transfer enhancement principles became the basis to simulate an alternative cooling system to substitute the conventional fan cooling in electronic devices due to its advantage for having a small form factor and low noise. The investigation combined computational and experimental works. The model was simulated to examine the distribution of heat flow on the impinged walls using a turbulent model of k-ω SST. Meshing order was elements Tet/Hybrid and type Tgrid and the number of grid was more than 230 000 in order to ensure detail discretization and more accurate calculation results. In the experiment, sinusoidal and triangular waveform were generated with a function generator to oscillate the membrane. The frequency of membrane vibration were 80 Hz, 120 Hz, 160 Hz and the velocity amplitude was 1 m/s. Some results indicated significant influence of the excitation waveform to the rate of heat transfer obtained. Index Term— heat transfer, impinging wall, synthetic jet, sinusoidal wave, triangular wave I. INTRODUCTION Devices that work based on electricity share one common thing i.e. heat generation. Currently, most common method to overcome this heat is by using cooling devices such as fans and heat sinks. However, the size of electronic devices are getting smaller. Conventional fans have limitation in their dimensions, because the fans operate based on electromagnetic principle which require a minimum space in order to assemble the coil. A synthetic jet is a new technology developed in order to replace fan technology for cooling This work was supported by RUUI-2010 research grant under contract no. 2604/H2.R12/PPM.00.01/2010/ University of Indonesia.. a Dr. Harinaldi is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia (Phone:+62-21-7270032;Fax:+62-21-7270033;e-mail:[email protected]). b Mr. Damora Rhakasywi is a PhD student at the Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia; e- mail: [email protected]c Mr. Rikko Defriadi is a Master degree student at the Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia; e- mail: [email protected]purpose. It allows cooling effect to perform in a small-size electronic devices and it also has a good efficiency. A synthetic jet works as a jet of vortex generated by the continuous vibration of a diaphragm strong enough to produce flow separation at the outlet of its cavity. The synthetic jet technology has been developed in many ways in order to find its best performance. Travnicek and Tesar [1] studied synthetic jet characteristic based on its mass transfer effect generated by its flow. They used an impinging method of synthetic jet made of a loud speaker with 100 mm diameters. The loud speaker was mounted to a nozzle in order to generate a vortex. The experiment was conducted with different kind of excitation, such as a high and low frequency. The results concluded that the low excitation tend to make more vortex than the high one. Another investigation conducted in a 2D-computational field using impinging synthetic jet method was done by Jagannatha, et.al [2]. An User Defined Function (UDF) was used to represent the fluctuating velocity of the membrane since the synthetic jet membrane has two phase i.e. suction and discharge. This UDF accurately represented the membrane velocity profile with a positive value (discharge) and negative value (suction). Heat transfer is a very important aspect in synthetic jet technology since the generated vortices tend to take away the heat. Zhou and Ming [3] conducted an experiment to determine the heat transfer coefficient of an impinging synthetic jet. The investigation used particle image velocimetry, hot-wire anemometer, and infrared camera. The results indicated that the jet exit orifice produced a pair of vortexes that split and join together on a regular basis to form a stable jet in a wide range slots of the channel near the exit hole. Impinging synthetic jet as a promising technology for electronics cooling applications was recently studied focusing on the distribution of heat transfer and flow characteristics from jet sprayed on the surface by blowing with jet diameter of 1-6 mm at the Reynolds number of 1100-4900 [4]. The results obtained showed an agreement between measured average and fluctuating heat transfer distributions and local acceleration. The turbulence intensity along the heated surface tend to increase and support the surface heat transfer when mixing in the wall jet increased and finally split into small- scale turbulence. Travnicek and Tesar [5] suggested that the basic goal in convective transport is to bring the cooling fluids as near as the wall and the synthetic jet impinging method are Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Impinging Synthetic Air Jet under Sinusoidal and Triangular Wave Forcing Harinaldi a , Damora Rhakasywi b and Rikko Defriadi c Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia, Kampus UI-Depok, , Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia
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International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 03 27
114603-6262 IJET-IJENS @ June 2011 IJENS I J E N S
Abstract— This research investigated the flow and convective
heat transfer characteristics of an impinging synthetic jet with
different excitation modes. The synthetic air jet was generated by
a vibrating membrane which pushed out the air from the cavity
through the exit nozzles with oscillatory motion. The main
purpose of this synthetic jet was to create vortices pair to come
out from nozzle which will accelerate the heat transfer process
occurring at the impinged wall. This heat transfer enhancement
principles became the basis to simulate an alternative cooling
system to substitute the conventional fan cooling in electronic
devices due to its advantage for having a small form factor and
low noise. The investigation combined computational and
experimental works. The model was simulated to examine the
distribution of heat flow on the impinged walls using a turbulent
model of k-ω SST. Meshing order was elements Tet/Hybrid and
type Tgrid and the number of grid was more than 230 000 in
order to ensure detail discretization and more accurate
calculation results. In the experiment, sinusoidal and triangular
waveform were generated with a function generator to oscillate
the membrane. The frequency of membrane vibration were 80
Hz, 120 Hz, 160 Hz and the velocity amplitude was 1 m/s. Some
results indicated significant influence of the excitation waveform
to the rate of heat transfer obtained.
Index Term— heat transfer, impinging wall, synthetic jet,
sinusoidal wave, triangular wave
I. INTRODUCTION
Devices that work based on electricity share one common
thing i.e. heat generation. Currently, most common method to
overcome this heat is by using cooling devices such as fans
and heat sinks. However, the size of electronic devices are
getting smaller. Conventional fans have limitation in their
dimensions, because the fans operate based on
electromagnetic principle which require a minimum space in
order to assemble the coil. A synthetic jet is a new technology
developed in order to replace fan technology for cooling
This work was supported by RUUI-2010 research grant under contract no.
2604/H2.R12/PPM.00.01/2010/ University of Indonesia.. a Dr. Harinaldi is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty
of Engineering University of Indonesia, Depok, Jawa Barat, 16424, Indonesia
(Phone:+62-21-7270032;Fax:+62-21-7270033;e-mail:[email protected]). b Mr. Damora Rhakasywi is a PhD student at the Department of
Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia; e-
mail: [email protected] c Mr. Rikko Defriadi is a Master degree student at the Department of
Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia; e-