1 Florida Native Landscaping ORH 3815/5815C ORH 3815/5815C Lecture Lecture 1 How to Identify Plants How to Identify Plants Lecture Outline I. I. The Plant Kingdom The Plant Kingdom II. II. Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature III. III. Floral formula technique Floral formula technique IV. IV. Flower terminology Flower terminology V. V. Leaf terminology Leaf terminology VI. VI. Fruit terminology Fruit terminology
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Florida Native Landscaping
ORH 3815/5815CORH 3815/5815CLecture Lecture 11
How to Identify PlantsHow to Identify Plants
Lecture Outline
I.I. The Plant KingdomThe Plant KingdomII.II. Binomial NomenclatureBinomial NomenclatureIII.III. Floral formula techniqueFloral formula techniqueIV.IV. Flower terminologyFlower terminologyV.V. Leaf terminologyLeaf terminologyVI.VI. Fruit terminologyFruit terminology
Binomial nomenclature- means of which all plants and all animals are known by all people in all countries who speak or write of them with precision; system began in 1753.
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Variety- A subdivision of a species, differing in certain genetically fixed characteristics from the rest of the
l tipopulationUlmus americana var. floridanaUlmus americana floridanaGenus specific epithet variety
S iSpecies
(Haehle)
Cultivar- A cultivated variety
Genus specific epithet cultivar
S i
Stokesia leavis ‘ Color wheel’
Species
PDSI
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Hybrids
Interspecific hybrid- hybridization between two related speciesrelated speciesExample:Ilex cassine (Dahoon Holly) x Ilex opaca (Am. Holly)
Ilex x attenuata
Botanical Code
Today the use of botanical Today the use of botanical namesnamesis governed and regulated by theis governed and regulated by theis governed and regulated by the is governed and regulated by the International Code for Botanical International Code for Botanical Nomenclature Nomenclature http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm.http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm.
The principles and rules of the Botanical The principles and rules of the Botanical C d if l li bl tC d if l li bl tCode are uniformly applicable to Code are uniformly applicable to cultivated as well as wild plants.cultivated as well as wild plants.
The code promotes uniformity, fixity, The code promotes uniformity, fixity, and accuracy in naming plants.and accuracy in naming plants.
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Latinized Words• Scientific names- often descriptive
• Specific epithet-designated by morphological characteristics, such as:– shape, number, and color; – sensual features such as taste, smell,
or touch;or touch;– geography and ecological conditions;– or the name of the person to be
honored.
Floral Formula Technique
• A visual device used to summarize the relationship of flower partsp
• It is based on symbols identifying the sepals (calyx), the petals (corolla), the stamens, and the pistil
• The use of small superscript numbers adds more information into the formula.
*For example:For example:Ca5Co5S5P1 =5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens, and 1 pistil (a complete flower)
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Asteraceaedisk
ray
Baumgardt, 1982
Terms Relative to the Flower• The flower is the structure most
commonly used in classifying fand identifying plants
– Perfect- has both stamens and pistils
– Imperfect-lacks either stamens or pistils
– Complete-stamen, pistil, sepals, petals
– Incomplete-lacks stamen, pistil, sepals or petals
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Parts of a Flower
Still, 1994
Longitudinal Section of a Complete Flower
Still, 1994
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Sexuality of Angiosperm Flowers
MonoeciousMonoecious--one plant bears one plant bears both staminate and both staminate and pistillatepistillateflowers separately (unisexual)flowers separately (unisexual)
DioeciousDioecious-- two flower types two flower types (staminate and (staminate and pistillatepistillate) are ) are born on separate plants born on separate plants (unisexual)(unisexual)
PerfectPerfect--having both stamens having both stamens and and pistils pistils (bisexual)(bisexual)
Brickell and Cathey, , 2004
Inflorescence TypesStill, 1994
Corymb
Head
Cyme
Panicle
Spike
SolitaryRaceme UmbelDehgan, 1998
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Terms Relative to the Leaves
• Deciduous vs. Evergreeng• Opposite, alternate, whorled• Simple vs compound• Shape
•• ViscidViscid--stickysticky•• GlaucousGlaucous-- waxywaxy•• GlabrousGlabrous-- no no hairs or waxhairs or wax•• PubescentPubescent-- covered covered with with