Florida Atlantic University College of Education Spring 2015 - SCE 4360 Science: Middle and Secondary School Instructor: Dr. Ronald C. Persin University.

Florida Atlantic UniversityCollege of Education

Spring 2015 - SCE 4360

Science: Middle and Secondary School

Instructor: Dr. Ronald C. Persin University of Pittsburgh, B.S.

Duquesne University, M. Ed.

Florida Atlantic University, Ed.D.

Phone : 561-251-1479 Email: [email protected]

(Office Hours by Appointment)

Website: www.Lnk2Lrn.com

College of Education

Educational Work Experience: Dr. Persin

27 years – Palm Beach County 8 years – Nova Southeastern 6 years – Florida Atlantic(Former student, classroom teacher,

department chair, athletic coach,

academic games, college professor,

e-book/website author, science consultant, wife is a teacher, 3 daughters)


Materials Needed For EACH Class 3-Ring Binder Scientific Calculator Science Instruction Text(Class policy: No Borrowing or Sharing)


How to Set-up Your 3-Ring Binder

(Section Dividers)

Syllabus

Classnotes

Handouts

Inquiry Activities

Assignments

Reading Questions


Syllabus

Florida Atlantic University


Department of Teaching and Learning

Spring 2015

SCE 4360 – 001 CRN 19808

Science: Middle & Secondary School

Professor: Dr. Ronald C. Persin, Ed.D.Phone (561-251-1479)

(Office hours by appointment)

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.Lnk2Lrn.com


Sciences of SCE 4360(matching exercise)

1. Physics

2. Chemistry

3. Earth and Space

4. Environmental

5. Biology

A. Behavior and properties of the elements in nature.

B. Relationship between humans and their surroundings.

C. Study of living things (plants & animals).

D. Study of matter and energy.E. Structure of the Earth and its

place in the Universe.


The Scientific Method1. Define the problem

2. Gather information

3. State your hypothesis

4. Test your hypothesis

5. Form your conclusion

6. Publish your results

PROJECT IDEASBest Material for Magnetic Shielding? Can Background Noise Levels Affect How Well We Concentrate? Do Cellphone Batteries Charge at a Uniform Rate? Does the Intensity of Light Used on Plants Affect How Well They Grow? Do Flowers Absorb Different Colors Uniformly?What Makes Phosphorescence Last Longer?Which Substance Will Make a Bubble Last Longer?Do Both Sides of the Face Display the Same Emotion?Effect of Height on the Impact of an Ink Droplet.Relationship Between the Rate of Diffusion and Temperature.Which Type of Water is Best for Plant Growth?Effects of Temperature on Chemical Reactions.What Materials Can Be Used to Make Successful Pigments?What Can Be Done to Increase the Amount of Oil That Can Be Moved Through a Pump?Best Way to Keep an Ice Cube From Melting?


Project Board


The Metric System Created in 1795 by the French Academy

of Science to unify existing systems. Original meter was one ten-millionth of

the distance from North Pole to Equator along Prime Meridian.

In the early1900’s this was changed to a certain number of wavelengths of light from Kr-86. (605.78 nm)

(poster)



Some Metric PrefixesSome Metric PrefixesPrefixPrefix Symbol Symbol PowerPower Quantity Quantity

nanonano n n 1010-9-9 billionthbillionth

micro µmicro µ 1010-6-6 millionthmillionth

millimilli m 10 m 10-3-3 thousandththousandth

centicenti c c 1010-2-2 hundredthhundredth

(Examples of each? Think Metric!)(Examples of each? Think Metric!)

gigagiga G G 101099 billionbillion

mega Mmega M 101066 millionmillion

kilokilo k k 101033 thousandthousandActivity: What is the average thickness of a sheet of paper?


The 7 Basic MKS SI Units1. Meter - length

2. Kilogram - mass

3. Second - time

4. Kelvin - temperature

5. Ampere - electric current

6. Candela - luminous intensity

7. Mole - amount of substance

Other units are derived (area, speed, density, force, energy, …)

Also, MKS vs CGS

Système International (French)


Recent Major Developments in Science• Landing of astronauts on the Moon, and numerous space missions.

• Imaging techniques used in scientific research and medicine.

• Micro-circuitry, AI, high-speed computers.

•Mapping the Human Genome.

Science is the study of the natural world in order to understand it. (NSES, 1996.)

Technology is the application of science

to the natural world based on human wants and needs. (ITEA, 2000)

Science vs. Technology


Science vs. Technology (examples)1. Physics

2. Chemistry

3. Earth and Space

4. Environmental

5. Biology

6. Mathematics

7. Computer

8. Social

A. Synthroid

B. Organ cultures

C. Sustainability

D. Nuclear power

E. Apps

F. Voyager 2

G. Crowd sourcing

H. Data mining


Technology involves:

Using processes to alter/change the natural world, such as

1. Invention

2. Innovation

3. Practical Problem Solving

4. DesignEx. Cartesian diver – Rene Descartes (1596-1650)

(display)


Science involves:

1. Building theories and models Ex. Where is the Center of Gravity of an object?

2. Constructing experiments (Try to find it. What keeps the object in place?

How many forces? Now try to move it?

What about different shapes? How many forces?)

3. Interpreting results

Center of Gravity – Point where weight of an object is balanced.


Scalar vs. Vector QuantitiesGiven with magnitude and direction

Examples: Displacement (10 m, E)Velocity (25 km/hr, North)Acceleration (9.8 m/s², down)Force (50 N at 60 )⁰Torque (15 Nm at 90 )⁰(All shown with an Arrow. Can be combined with Algebra, Geometry, Trig, and Calculus.)

Given with magnitude (size or amount) only

Examples: Distance (10 m)Speed (25 km/hr)Mass (20 kg)Time (3.5 s)Area (15 cm²)(Name a few more. Can be arithmetically combined.)


Whether A Field is a Science is Based on 6 Criteria

1. Has an organized body of knowledge

2. Results are reproducible

3. Has well-developed experimental methods

4. Enables predictions, including surprises

5. Offers hypotheses open to falsification

6. Deals with natural objects

Can you think of any fields that are not sciences, and why?


Keeping Science Explanations Simple

Occam's Razor - “entities must not be multiplied beyond necessity”, ie., the simplest explanation is usually best.

William of Ockham, 14th-century British philosopher/theologian.

Einstein - "Everything should be kept as simple as possible, But no simpler.“

Ex. – Crop Circles ( UFO’s/aliens or people? )


The Nature of Inquiry (NGSS, NRC, NSTA)

1. Asking questions

2. Planning investigations

3. Gathering data

4. Using scientific knowledge to make sense of data

5. Communicating results to others

Ex. What is the average speed

of a falling object?


Detailed NGSS Student Inquiry Practices1. Asking Questions and Defining Problems.

2. Developing and Using Models.Ex. Helicopter

7. Engaging in Argument from Evidence.

8. Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information.

5. Use Math, Information/Computer Tech.,

Computational Thinking.

6. Constructing Explanations and Designing

Solutions.

3. Planning and Carrying out Investigations.

4. Analyzing and Interpreting Data.


Common Core Student Engineering Design Examples

Foam-wing Glider Contest. Egg-drop Contest.


Key Ideas From the TextGoals of 21st century science teachers: 1.Help students see science as a way of thinking and investigating as well as an accumulated body of knowledge.2.Link science with student’s lives outside school.3.Science lessons built from a small number of simple concepts.

Ex. Inertia before Newton’s Laws of Motion, an Apple for Gravitation


How to Represent Knowledge (from the text):

Mnemonics (pronounced "ne-mon'-ics") is the art of assisting the memory by using a system of artificial aids - rhymes, rules, phrases.

Help to recall names, dates, facts, and figures. Examples:

1. To remember processes that define living things: MRS GREN.

Movement; Respiration; Sensation; Growth; Reproduction; Excretion; Nutrition

2. For molecules with diatomic structures: I Bring Clay For Our New House.

Iodine; Bromine; Chlorine; Fluorine; Oxygen; Nitrogen; Hydrogen

SUV

i bef

ore e

,

exce

pt a

fter c

ASAP

Every Good

Boy Does Fine.

The principal

is our pal.

Kids Prefer Cheese Over

Fried Green Spinach.

Alpha

, Bra

vo, C

harli

e, …


Concepts vs. Facts A concept is a general idea (usually 1 or 2

words). Ex: Friction, Gravity, the Water Cycle, … A fact is a bit of information, something that is

true and can be observed.

Ex: Friction opposes motion.

Gravity causes objects to fall.

Life on Earth depends on the

Water Cycle. Facts are memorized, concepts are understood.


Proper SI formUsed to write values in compact form

1.Scientific notation?

2.Using a metric prefix?

(more examples)

Ex. 325,000,000 m


Significant digits1. Proper expression of measured and calculated values. (NGSS Standard)

2. Results of calculations must not have more significant digits than the least precise value.

Ex. Find the area 16.2 cm

2.791 cm

A = _____

(Time for light to get from Sun to Earth?)

45.2 cm²


1. Metric to MetricPowers of 10, move decimal point

Ex. 1 kg = ____ g

2. English to MetricUse conversion factors, then

a. Proportion method Ex. 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm. 12.0 in. = ___ cm.

b. Unit cancellation method Ex. 25.0 mi/hr = ____ m/s.

Converting Measurements

(more examples, g/cm³ to kg/m³)


Problem Solving (5 steps)

1. What is given?

2. Identify the unknown

3. Write the formula relating unknown to known

4. Solve the formula for the unknown

5. Substitute-in the known data and simplifyEx. – The density of gold is 19.6 g/cm³. Find the mass of

10.0 cm³ of gold. Equation: D = m/V .


Graphing DataEx. How Number of Swimmers Relate to Air Temperature

Temperature ( C)⁰ Swimmers

20 280

24 360

36 450

32 420

28 400

Rules:1.Independent Variable – x axis. 3. Construct Line of Best Fit.2.Dependent Variable – y axis.


Content Review of SCE 4360 Sciences

1. The cell is the basic unit of life.

2. Genes are the basic unit of heredity.

3. Evolution determines the synthesis and creation of new species.

4. All organisms consume and transform energy.

5. Organisms regulate their internal environment to maintain a stable condition (homeostasis).

Biology – study of living things, with Botany as the study of plants and Zoology as the study of animals. 5 axioms:


Chemistry – study of the behavior and properties of the elements (118) in nature.

Major Subdivisions:

Organic - study of compounds (nucleic acids, fats, fuels, sugars, proteins) containing Carbon with Hydrogen.

Inorganic - the study of those (salts, metals, minerals) with Carbon or Hydrogen.


Earth & Space – study of the structure of the Earth and its place in the Universe.

Basic Facts:1. Halley’s Comet appears once every 76 years.2. The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is a hurricane-like storm

detected in the early 1600′s.3. A piece of a neutron star the size of a pin point would weigh 1

million tons.4. There are over 100 billion galaxies in the Universe.5. Scientists estimate that Earth is ≈ 4.5 billion years old. (ES Week)


Environmental Science – study of the relationships between humans and their surroundings.Basic Facts:1. Rainforests are being cut down at the rate of 100 acres per minute. 2. On average, it costs $30 per ton to recycle trash, $50 to send it to the

landfill, and $70 to incinerate it. 3. A modern glass bottle would take over 4000 years to decompose. An

aluminum can could be recycled indefinitely. 4. Plastic bags and other plastics thrown into the ocean kill about 1

million sea creatures every year.5. The amount of wood and paper we throw away each year can heat

50 million homes for 20 years. (SCIGO)


Physics – the study of the relationship between matter and energy.Basic Facts:1.Founded by Isaac Newton (1642-1727) who explained 3 Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation.

2. Energy is the ability to do work, and measured in Joules..3. The 2 types of energy are Kinetic (due to motion, K = ½ mv²), and Potential (due to position, U = mgh).4. Forms of energy are mechanical, electricity, magnetism, light, heat, sound, chemical, and nuclear. All can be inter-converted.5. Matter can be converted to energy, E = mc². (Games.)


Scientists of Today University of Aahaus, Denmark Her work involves slowing down

light in an ultra-cold gas. (17 m/s) Spent 7 months at CERN, the

European Laboratory for Particle Physics near Geneva.

Now teaches at Harvard.

Dr. Lene V. Hau

“After I discovered quantum physics, I've been hooked ever since. I would rather do science than go to the movies.”


Born in Hong Kong

Graduated from Vassar, Summa Cum Laude and Phi Beta Kappa. Then, Ph.D. from Harvard.

At MIT, she played a key role in the discovery of the gluon, the particle that holds quarks together to form protons and neutrons.

“Reading the biography of Marie Curie inspired me so much that I decided to devote my life to science.”Dr. Sau Lan Wu


Dr. Edward Witten, Ph.D.

Brandeis University, B.S. in Physics and Mathematics.Princeton, M.S., and Ph.D. in Physics.Then to Harvard for teaching and research.

Appointed professor of Physics at Princeton.Now, Professor in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton. Leading proponent of String Theory.

(He could be our modern day Einstein.)


First tenured woman in physics at Princeton, Harvard and now at MIT.

Most cited theoretical physicist in the world in the last five years.

Research in high energy physics is primarily related to finding the smallest particles of matter.

Dr. Lisa Randall

“I liked math because all the problems had answers. Everything else seemed very subjective. Early on, I realized I was thinking about the world a little differently than my friends.”


In a Bronx, N.Y., high school where the dropout rate was 60 percent, a guidance counselor declined to give Stephon Alexander an application to an Ivy League university.

"You won't get in," Alexander recalls the counselor saying. But Alexander proved the counselor wrong.

After a BS at Haverford and a Ph.D. in Physics from Brown University, the counselor appears to have gotten it wrong. After his Ph.D., Alexander was at London's Imperial College.

Currently he is a member of the SLAC high energy physics group and Stanford's ITP (Institute for Theoretical Physics).

Stephon Alexander


Dr. Hakeem Oluseyi, Astrophysicist Member of SuperNova/Acceleration

Prove (SNAP) mission at Lawrence Berkeley Lab.

Professor at the University of Alabama, continuing to collaborate with the SNAP project.

Self-described “regular guy” from Mississippi, doesn’t remember exactly how he first became interested in science, but says, “I’ve always thought scientists were supercool.”


Dr. Brian Greene, Ph.D.

Harvard, 1984, B.S., Physics & MathOxford University, 1986, Ph.D., Rhodes Scholar. Physics faculty of Cornell, 1990.1996, joined Columbia University as professor of physics and of mathematics.

Founder and director of Columbia’s Institute for Strings, Cosmology, and Astroparticle Physics, a research center seeking string theory’s implications for theories of cosmology.


B.S. Mechanical Engineering and Mathematics - Vanderbilt University.

M.S. Mechanical Engineering - Georgia Tech.

Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering - Georgia Tech.

Professor of Physics at Morehouse College.

Research:

- Analyzing Fatigue Properties of Nanostructures.- Computational Microstructional Analysis of Fatigue.

Most Recent Publication:

Bennett, V.P. and McDowell, D.L., Micromechanics of Microstructurally Small Surface Cracks in Polycrystals, Proc. ICF 10, Honolulu, HI.

Dr. Valerie Bennett


Dr. Ellen OchoaSelected by NASA and became the first Hispanic female astronaut, logging more than 480 hours in space.

Doctoral student at Stanford, and later as a researcher at Sandia National Laboratories and NASA Ames Research Center.

She is a co-inventor with a patent for an optical object recognition method.

Ellen's dream is to help build a new space station, which she says is "critical… to human exploration in space, a transportation mode to new frontiers."

"Only you put limitations on yourself - don't be afraid to reach for the stars."


Came to U.S. in 1992 from the Dominican. He earned a B.S and an M.S. from Hofstra. Then a doctorate from NYU. Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).

Responsible for the design and operation of the Collider-Accelerator Dept at Brookhaven.These include the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collier (RHIC), and cutting-edge R&D accelerators, such as the Energy Recovery Linac.

Accelerator RF systems are used to control beam energy, stabilize particle motion, and control the distribution or spread in energies among particles.

Dr. Freddy Severino


Your students could become our next “Scientists of Today”!

Florida Atlantic University College of Education Spring 2015 - SCE 4360 Science: Middle and Secondary School Instructor: Dr. Ronald C. Persin University.

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effects of temperature

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