Flood hazards in india

Flood Hazards In India

Topic: Nature & Pattern of flood Hazards in India With Special Reference to Flood in Uttarakhand And Chennai Presented by:-

Manjit Das1st Semester, Centre for Studies in Geography,

Dibrugarh University

INTRODUCTION

What is Flood?A flood is an overflow of

water that submerges land which is usually dry.

What is flash flood?A flash is rapid flooding of

geomorphic low lying area. Its mainly due to collapse of natural ice or debris dam

Indian flood hazardsFloods are the most common natural disaster in India.

The heavy south west monsoon rain cause the Himalayan river basin distend their banks, often flooding surrounding areas.

It results heavy losses both economic and lives

History of Indian Flood hazards

In October 1943, Madras (Now Chennai) – flood occurred due to excessive rain that continued 6 days and overflow Coovum and Adhyar river

4th august 1979, the Machchu-2 dam situated on the Machchu river burst, thus flooding the town of Morbi in the Rajkot district in Gujarat. In this flood about 1800 to 2500 people lost their lives.

1987, Bihar flood occurred due to over flow of the Koshi river, which claimed life of 1399 human, 302 animals and public property worth INR Rs. 68 billion

26 July 2005, Mumbai receive 994 mm rainfall in a day. It cause a huge flood killed at least 5000 people and property loss was estimated at Rs. 540cr

June 2015 Gujarat flood, wide spread flood in North Gujarat resulting more than 70 deaths.

2016 Assam Flood: heavy rain in July last resulted in flood effected 1.8 million people and flooding the kajiranga national park killing around 200 wild animals.

Causes of Flood in India Heavy precipitation

Rise in river bed

Silting in delta areas

Deforestation

Cloud burst

rapid melting of snow and ice in mountain area

Glacial lake out burst in the high Himalaya

Flood Prone Region in India1. The basin of Himalayan

rivers. E.g.- Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam etc

2. North Western river basin.

3. The central peninsula river basin like Godavari, Krishna, pennar and, Cauvery river basin

Overview of Uttarakhand Uttarakhand has a total

land area of 53,584sqkm of which 94% is mountaneous.

Most of the area is covered by himalayan peaks and glaciers.

Two major rivers(Ganga and yamuna) originate from the glaciers of uttarakhand

Uttarakhand Flood

Flooding In Uttarakhand•From 15 to 18 June 2013, Indian state of Uttarakhand and adjoining area received heavy rainfall, which was about 375 percent more than the benchmark rainfall during a normal monsoon.16th and 17th June,2013The Day of Destruction happened in history of

UTTRAKHAND

•The massive rainfall and cloud burst events were happening at multiple places, including in Bhagirathi basin, Assiganga basin, Mandakini Basin, Badrinath region, other places in Alaknanda region from 15 June 2013 to around 18 June 2013.

•This lead to melting of Chorabari Glacier at the height of 3800 metres, and eruption of the Mandakini River which led to heavy floods near Kedar Dome, Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh.

Causes Of The Disaster

Melting of glaciers, because of global warming has been of the reasons. Pollution and global warming accounted for the melting of glaciers

Violation of environmental laws and deforestation has also accounted for floods.

Building of hydro electricity plants and increase in the infrastructural facilities have weaken the mountain causing land slides.

Huge expansion of hydroelectricity and multipurpose projects.

Human & Economic Loss In The Disaster

According to the official records 400 houses were destroyed and 265 were damaged

4,200 villages were victims of

the floods

6,000 people were dead,10,000 were injured and 1,00,000 were stuck in the valley

•Human Loss •Economic Loss Major roads, telephone towers

were destroyed due to which communication with the outer world was lost.

20,000 crores loss was reported, which may be in the form of destruction of houses roads ,cars etc.

Tourism constitutes about 30% of the state’s income which was lost

All the shops and hotels were

destroyed and all roads were broken

Chennai Flood

•The 2015 Chennai flood resulted from heavy rainfall of annual northeast monsoon in November–December 2015.

•The flooding has been attributed to the El Niño phenomenon.

THE STATISTICS OF RAINFALL IN CHENNAI

Causes Of Chennai Flood The first and foremost reason

for such a disaster might be the NORTHEAST MONSOON El Niño RAIN.

But it is not the root cause for such flood in a metropolitan city like CHENNAI.

There are many other man made reasons for it, and one of it turns to be our people’s ignorance and negligence towards the environmental awareness.

Human & Economic lossMore than 400 people were killed and over 18 lakh people were displaced. With estimates of damages and losses ranging from ₹50000 crore (US$7 billion) to ₹100000 crore(US$15 billion)

Measure To Reduce The Intensity Of Such Disaster

Protecting the environment can only be the way to reduce the risk of such disasters

Putting cap on number of tourists may be a solution, which reduces the construction of hotels, expansion of roads.

Keeping a check on illegal constructions and on deforestation.

Using latest equipments

to predict the probability of rains

Alerting and transferring people to safe zones at proper time.

Training the people on how to take basic safety measures.

ConclusionIn our eagerness to create we have destroyed the natural safe guards that have been in place for thousands of years and this will be every expensive for us

ReferenceInternet links:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_disasters_in_India

https://books.google.co.in/books

https://www.reference.com/science/definition-flash-flood-e6839d0952d7ea1e#

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/uttarakhand-flash-flood-cloudburst-chamoli-alaknanda/1/705132.html

http://www.slideshare.net/

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