Floating Offshore Wind Power Possibilities and challenges for Norwegian Industry Carl Sixtensson Senior Consultant, DNV KEMA Renewable Energy.

Floating Offshore Wind PowerPossibilities and challenges for Norwegian Industry

Carl Sixtensson Senior Consultant, DNV KEMA Renewable Energy

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Presentation outline

1. The context of floating wind

2. Emergence of a global market – focus on USA and Japan

3. Enablers and barriers for Norwegian companies – The case of Japan

4. Final conclusions

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Floating Wind Turbines – A rapid development

2009: The first full scale prototype deployed outside Karmøy, Norway 2012 & 2013: Year’s of global developments

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1. The context of floating wind

2. Emergence of a global market – focus on USA and Japan

3. Enablers and barriers for Norwegian companies – The case of Japan

4. Final conclusions

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EWEA 2013

The average European ONSHORE wind turbine• Capacity: 2.2 MW• Capacity factor: 24%• Average annual energy production: 4,702 MWh• This can power more than 1202 households

The average European OFFSHORE wind turbine• Capacity: 3.6 MW• Capacity factor: 41%• Average annual energy production: 12,961 MWh• This can power more than 3312 households

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A Floating wind turbine example – Statoils Hywind

50 %capacity factor in 2011

Extraordinary energy potential

Source: Statoil

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An ocean of different concepts - Innovations and a time of learning

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The spar buoys

Hywind, Statoil Norway

Fairlead

Anchor

Schematic

Anchor

Water depth

4-6 times (up to 10-20) the waterdepth

• Few active components• Well-proven technology• Stable design

Weight-buoyancy stabilized with relatively large draught

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The semi-submersiblesFree-surface stabilized structure with relatively shallow draught

WindFloat, Principle Power USA

Fairlead

Anchor

4-6 times (up to 10-20) the waterdepth

Water depth

• Very flexible with regard to site• Low requirments on soil conditions• Simple installation

Schematic

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The Tension Leg PlatformsTension restrained structure with relatively shallow draught

PelaStar, GLOSTEN USA

Schematic

Anchor

Water depthTendon

• Small seabed footprint• Low structural weight• Few active systems/components

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1. The context of floating wind

2. Emergence of a global market – focus on USA and Japan

3. Enablers and barriers for Norwegian companies – The case of Japan

4. Final conclusions

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Global activities on floating wind – Some examples

• Vast majority of wind resources in deep waters

• A very strong focus on floating wind, especially after Fukushima.

• Over 60% of resources in deep water

• US DOE funding of seven offshore wind projects, including three floating.

• 2400 GW in waters beyond 60 m

• Seventh Framework Programme (FP7)- HiPRind project,11M€, 2010-2015- Inflow program, vertical axis

turbines, long term goal of 26 MW

• ETI will fund a floating wind demonstration project to be tested at the UK’s Wave Hub, Glostens PelaStar TLP

• Statoils Hywind• Strong emphasis on

research, protoype development etc.

• Considerable deep water resources

• NER300 funding for a 27 MW WindFloat array

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US – Overview• US Department of Interior assessed the energy resources of the Outer

Continental Shelf and concluded that almost the entire US electric energy needs could be met by deep water offshore wind solely.

• Over 60% of the wind resources in deep water, including all the offshore wind resources in Northern New England, the US West Coast and Hawaii (in water depths beyond 60 m) - floating offshore wind technologies is the only realistic and viable solution at many locations.

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The US market actors

Key market actors• DeepCwind consortium: is a group consisting of 36 industrial, university and national laboratoty partners, coordinated by the University of Maine through DOE funding.

• NREL: U.S. Department of Energy's primary national laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development

• Department of Energy: In mid- December 2012 DOE decided that three floating wind projects would receive funding for deep-water demonstration site developments. Initial funding of $4M is provided for development support and up to $47M in total.

- Statoil- Principle Power- University of Maine

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The DOE projects – Statoil

HywindPhoto: C.F. Salicath

• Statoil North America of Stamford, Connecticut plans to deploy four 3-megawatt wind turbines on floating spar buoy structures in the Gulf of Maine off Boothbay Harbor at a water depth of approximately 140 m.

• These spar buoys will be assembled in harbor to reduce installation costs and then towed to the installation site to access the Gulf of Maine's extensive deep water offshore wind resources.

• The $120M project gained key approval in late January 2013

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The DOE projects – Principle Power• Washington-based Principle Power plans to install five semi-submersible floating

foundations outfitted with 6-megawatt direct-drive offshore wind turbines.

• The project will be sited in deep water approximately 25 km from Coos Bay, Oregon.

• Detailed scope of work is under establishment

Image: Renewable Energy Magazine

Partners: Siemens Wind Power NREL Houston Offshore Engineering the Pacific Northwest National

Laboratory the American Bureau of Shipping MacArtney Underwater Technology …

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The DOE projects – University of Maine

• The University of Maine plans to install a pilot floating offshore wind farm with two 6-megawatt direct-drive turbines on concrete semi-submersible foundations, total 12 MW, near Monhegan Island.

• The project will be using the VolturnUS floating platform technology developed at the Umaine Composites Center and builds on the success of the DeepCwind Consortium Research Program,

• These concrete foundations could result in improvements in commercial-scale production and provide offshore wind projects with a cost-effective alternative to traditional steel foundations

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Japan – Overview

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Japan – Current situation

Most nuclear reactors were closed down following the Fukushima accident in 2011. All-time high oil prices and Japan being highly dependent on imported gas to run their gas power plants act as brake on global economy. New energy sources are needed.

Limited amount of space for new onshore installations, issues related to grid access, time-consuming environmental impact assessments and lengthy project construction times have weighed on the growth of the country’s wind industry.

The JWPA claims there is potential to develop up to 519 GW of floating offshore wind and 94 GW of fixed offshore wind, as well as 169 GW of onshore wind, in Japan.

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Market incentives• Japan introduced a new feed-in tariff for wind projects on 1 July 2012 of 23.1 yen

(~€ 0.2, ~ twice as much as the UK support for offshore wind projects) per kWh for 20 years, up from the roughly 15 yen (~€ 0.13) being paid on contracts previously. For offshore wind the FIT is expected to be 1.5 -2 times this level

• The revised energy policy envisage investment in renewable energy sources of €380 billion over the next two decades. MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry) estimates that total investment in renewables could be in the vicinity of €495 billion by 2030.

• Reform the power transmission/distribution sector.

1. Ensure freedom of choice of electricity for all people

2. Enable all people to create electricity freely

3. Deliver all electricity to all people widely and neutrally

Open electricity system for all people

Supply-demand balance through competition and selection

Reform Process of Japan’s Agency for Natural Resources and Energy

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Japanese floating wind initiatives - FukushimaFour different floating wind structures are planned to be installed off the coast of Fukushima during 2013 and 2014.

Stage 1: A floating substation and a 2MW downwind floating turbine installed on a semi-submersible substruture will be installed.

Stage 2: A 7MW turbine is planned to be installed on v-shaped semi-sub and an advanced spar solution respectively.

1000 MW Fukushima Wind Farm?

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Japanese floating wind initiatives - Kabashima

The Kabashima demonstration turbine: - A consortium including the Ministry of

the Environment, Sasebo and Fuji have installed a 100kW downwind turbine on a Spar solution in the sea outside Kabashima.

- A full scale solution with a 2MW turbine is planned for the summer of 2013 in this project funded by the Japanese government.

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1. The context of floating wind

2. Emergence of a global market – focus on USA and Japan

3. Enablers and barriers for Norwegian companies – The case of Japan

4. Final conclusions

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Japans ambition - Summary

Japan waters will be a ‘laboratory’ in the coming years with the aim to establish an industry with an interational potential. We are likely to see:

1. Further technical development , prototype testing and building of small arrays – All strongly supported by the Japanese government.

2. Need to import Technologies/Methodologies – Learn from the industry

3. Japanese companies looking at international markets, for example in the waters between Taiwan and mainland China.

Norwegian companies have a potential to assist Japanese (and other international) developments based on the experience gained from offshore activities and wind developments, in Norway and internationally.

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The gaps needs to be identified – Potential for Norway

• Advisory Services

• Technology qualification

• Certification

New Technology, unique solutions

O&M, Installation, Anchors, station keeping

Standards & rules

Consultancy

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Joint Ventures

• Japanese industrial firm Hitachi Zosen has teamed up with Statoil to strengthen their offshore wind ambitions.

• Feasibility studies into how the Hywind could be deployed in Japanese waters are underway.

• Hitachi Zosen has formed a consortium with six other companies to invest about €1.2 bn in Japanese offshore wind projects.

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1. The context of floating wind

2. Emergence of a global market – focus on USA and Japan

3. Enablers and barriers for Norwegian companies – The case of Japan

4. Final conclusions

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Final remarks

• Significantly increased focus on floating wind structures globally.

• Incentives and developments in Europe, US and especially Japan (and Korea).

• One should not underestimate Japanese technology development and capacity to quickly adopt and find solutions to technical challenges.

• In order to enter the Japanese market financial muscles are likely to be required and/or a unique technology desired by Japanese firms.

• JV’s are an effective way to create a business momentum in Japan (and elsewhere internationally)

• DNV have worked in close collaboration with several Japanese stakeholders through Joint Industry Projects etc.

Thank you!www.dnvkema.com

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