PROGRESS REPORT OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATIONS ON OILSEED AND PULSE CROPS (2009-2010) BY KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, KAPURTHALA ON 7 th AND 8 th AUGUST, 2010 AT SIRSA, HISAR BY KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, KAPURTHALA DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION EDUCATION PUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY LUDHIANA
Being incharge of FLD's from the last five years, I want to share my experience with anyone who is concerned and worried about the declining soil health and declining water table particularly in the central Punjab with the concept of diversifing more and more area from paddy-wheat to oilseed and pulses and adoption of package of practices developed by PAU,Ludhiana as it's clear increase in the demonstration plots as compared to the coctrl plots will definately encourage. secondly, the money spent by him daily on the purchase of oilseeds and pulses will also be saved which he can manage for some other purposes.
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PROGRESS REPORT OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATIONSON OILSEED AND PULSE CROPS (2009-2010)
BYKRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, KAPURTHALA
ON 7th AND 8th AUGUST, 2010 AT SIRSA, HISAR
BYKRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA,
KAPURTHALA
DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION EDUCATIONPUNJAB AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
LUDHIANA
PROGRESS REPORT OF FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATIONSON OILSEED AND PULSE CROPS (2009-2010)
BYKRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, KAPURTHALA
ON 7th AND 8th AUGUST, 2010 AT SIRSA, HISAR
INTRODUCTIONThe adoption of Rice-Wheat cropping pattern under Punjab conditions, have resulted in
many problems like increase in insect pest and diseases, deficiency of micro- nutrients, lowering down of water table and degradation of soil health. This system has also increased the cost of production and ultimately reduced the margin of profits. Thus, it has become necessary to shift some area from Rice- Wheat cultivation to oil seed and pulse crops. It will definitely uplift the soil health status and at the same time, water level. Further, the available research findings show that the prevailing yield per hectare of oil seed and pulse crops can still be increased considerably with the available technology. Transfer of agriculture technology from lab to land has therefore become a critical input to increase productivity and maintain sustainability in agriculture. In order to popularize the cultivation of oilseed and pulse crops on large scale, front line demonstrations (FLD) on oilseed and pulse crops were conducted to transfer latest production technology generated by the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana among the various development agencies for its further dissemination amongst the farming community. In this regard, KVK, Kapurthala conducted 22 FLD's on Oilseed and 20 FLD's on Pulse crops during the year 2009-2010. The detail of FLDs is as under:
Table: 1 Yield obtained under FLDs and farmer’s practice of oilseed and pulse crops.
The increase in yield obtained under FLD was mainly due to adoption of recommended package of practices which include use of improved varieties, proper method of sowing, application of recommended fertilizer dose on the basis of the soil test reports and keeping the fields weeds-free in addition to timely control of insect-pests and diseases. The farmers were fully convinced with the new technology demonstrated by this Kendra.
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A. PERFORMANCE OF OILSEED CROPS
1. SUNFLOWER
Technological gaps identified in Sunflower cultivation
1. Farmers use seed of un-recommended hybrids available in market.2. Use of un-recommended insecticide for control of American boll worm.3. No irrigation at critical growth stages (50% flowering and hard dough stage) which leads to
25% reduction in yield.4. Farmers are not using fertilizers on the basis of soil test report.
Improved package of practices followed for FLD on Sunflower
1. Seed : PSH 569 takes 105 days to yield 19.5 q/ha
2. Seed rate. : 5kg/ha
3. Seed Treatment : Thiram @ 2 g/kg seed.
4. Irrigation scheduling: Newly released variety PSH 569 was tested against hybrids of private sectors and benefits of irrigation at critical growth stages was demonstrated among farmers.
5. Spray Schedule : Thiodan 35 EC @ 2500 ml/ha was demonstrated at star bud stage even before the attack of American boll worm. Spray of Classic (Chlorpyriphos) @ 2500 ml/ha was also demonstrated for control of American boll worm.
Soil Fertility Status
Sr. No Name and Address of Farmers O.C(%) P (kg/ha) K(kg/ ha)01. Sh. Sheetal Singh S/o Sh. Surinder Singh,
OC range : < 0.4 Low P range : < 12.5 Low K range: < 137.5 Low(%) 0.4 to 0.75 Medium (kg/ha) 12.5 to22.5 Medium (kg/ha) >137.5 High >0.75 High 22.5 to 50 High
DiscussionThe fields of all the demonstrating farmers were low in organic matter (OC) therefore it was
recommended to apply 25% more urea fertilizer than the recommendations viz 157 kg/ ha whereas Muriate of Potash was applied only when k was found to be low i.e. @ 137 kg/ ha. The grain yield in FLDs plots varied from 22.9 q/ha to 17.05 q/ha and the percent increase in FLDs plot over farmers plots was found to be 4.61% to 8.12%. Yield difference in FLDs plots was mainly due to application of higher dose of 25% urea in FLD plot and application/ spray of chloropyriphose (Classic Brand) at the star-bud stage. As compared to previous years, yield obtained was lower and this may be due to higher temperature in the months of February and March.
Reactions/ Feedback of farmersHybrid PSH-569 seed's germination is very good but there is a problem in it’s proper
establishment in the ground as it fall earlier than the other varieties. Secondly, sowing of sunflower seed at it's proper time depends upon the availability of the seed in the market at that very time.
Impact AssessmentThere was an increase in the yield under FLD plots than the farmers plot due to adoption of
improved package of practices viz. fertilizer application on the soil test reports and spray of Choloropyriphos at starbud stage against Heliothis.
2. GOBHI SARSON
Technological gaps identified in Gobhi Sarson cultivation
1. Farmers sow Gobhi Sarson by following broadcasting method.2. No use of gypsum along with the DAP fertilizer.3. Crop is sown on marginal land and mostly as intercrop with Berseem on bunds.4. Spray of insecticides after heavy appearance of caterpillars.5. Poor knowledge about varieties, fertilizers, pesticides etc.
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Conductance of FLD on Gobhi Sarson.Crop/ Variety : Gobhi Sarson/GSC-6Area Sown : 4.0 haNo. of Demonstration : 10Farming Situation : IrrigatedCrop Rotation : Paddy-Gobhi Sarson
Package of practices followed for FLD on Gobhi Sarson.1. Seed : GSC-6 is early maturing and takes 145 days to yield 14.67
q/ha. It was released in year 2007.
2. Time of sowing : October
3. Seed rate : 4.25 kg/ha
4. Method of sowing : Drill at 45X10 cm
Practices followed by farmer for sowing method.
Flat sowing : Broadcasting 5. Depth of sowing : 4-5 cm
6. Fertilizer : Use of urea @ 283 kg per ha. In soil having medium Organic carbon content were demonstrated through FLD’s. Urea was applied half at sowing and half with first irrigation.
7. Integrated pest : When the caterpillars of hairy caterpillar and cabbage management caterpillar were in gregarious stage, demonstration was done
on picking and destroying the infested leaves as easy mechanical control measure. But the grown up caterpillars was
controlled by using 2500 ml Thiodan 35 EC /ha.
8. ET level of : Farmers were demonstrated application of insecticide insects (Dursban20 EC @ 900 to 1500 ml/ha. on the basis of need by
following economic threshold levels. (50-60 aphids/10 cm. terminal portion of central shoot or average of 0.5 to 1.0 cm terminal portion of central shoot was covered by aphids or 40- 50% plants infested by aphids).
Discussion The per cent increase in yield of Gobhi Sarson under FLD plots varied from 10.9 to 15.0 over the farmers practice. The variation in grain yield was probably due to the difference in soil fertility status as apparent from soil analysis done before laying out demonstrations. Highest grain yield (18.80 q/ha) was obtained at the field of Sh. Harjinder Singh of village Patti Navi Bakash where the inherent fertility status analysis of soil revealed that soils were medium in available phosphorous (16.2 kg/ha) and high in available potash (158.4 kg/ha) as compared to Sh. Sukhjinder Singh of Village Mohablipur where soil status was low in phosphorous (10.4 kg/ha) and potash (118.4 kg/ha). Further weather conditions at growing and harvesting stage have also affected the yields obtained. The increase observed in the FLD plot over the farmer practice was probably due to the application of fertilizers as per soil test reports and spray of insecticides at ET level of insects.
Reactions/ Feed back of farmersFarmers were fully convinced regarding the application of fertilizers on the soil test report.
Impact AssessmentIt was established that the higher yield in the FLD plots, mainly due to proper adoption of
package of practices for the Gobhi Sarson cultivation viz. recommended use of fertilizers and properly spray of insecticides at the ET level of insects.
B. PERFORMANCE OF PULSE CROPS
3. GRAM
Technological gaps identified in Gram cultivation
- Farmers sow seed after procuring from market of unknown variety.- No seed treatment is done before sowing.- Gram is sown on flat surface by broadcasting method and thereafter ridges are made
with potato ridger. Some farmers follow kera method to sow Gram on flat surface.- Farmers spray insecticides and pesticides of un-recommended brands on the advice of
dealers. Moreover, spray is done after severe attack of insect pest or a disease.- Farmers do not read literature before undertaking an activity in the field.
OC range : < 0.4 Low P range : < 12.5 Low K range : < 137.5 Low(%) 0.4 to 0.75 Medium (kg/ha) 12.5 to22.5 Medium (kg/ha) >137.5 High >0.75 High 22.5 to 50 High
Discussion :The per cent increase in grain yield varied from 11.8 to 20.4 in FLD plots over the
farmer's practice. The highest percent increase was observed on the field of Sh. Joga Singh of village Khalru viz 20.4% and the grain yield was also reported to be highest from the same farmer viz 18.05 q/ha in FLD's plot. This may be due to good inherent soil fertility. The increase in yield in FLD plots could be attributed to timely management of weeds, insect pests (by spraying Thiodan at flowering time) and application of fertilizers on the basis of soil test repots whereas in the farmers plot, they followed the indigenous techniques. Further in FLD plots, the crop sown on the raised bed was better than the flat sown at the farmer’s field
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Reactions/Feed back of farmers Farmers convinced about the role that is played by Thiodan at the flowering stage as
compared to other stages of plant growth. Farmers convinced about the better performance of crop on the ridges as compared
to flat sown. Farmers convinced regarding the use of fertilizers on the basis of soil test report.
Impact Assessment
Yield under FLD plots was definitely better than farmer’s plots and it was mainly due to adoption of improved package of practices at the proper time.
4. MOONG (SML-668)
Technological gaps identified in Moong cultivation- Farmers do not sow Moong on ridges.- They apply fertilizers without soil test report.- Untimely spray of insecticide against white fly.
Conductance of FLD on MoongCrop/ Variety : Moong /SML-668Area Sown : 5.6No. of Demonstration : 15Farming Situation : IrrigatedCrop Rotation : Summer Moong-Rice-Gobhi Sarson
Package of practices followed for FLD on Moong
1. Seed : SML-668 was released for cultivation in Punjab in year 2002. It possesses early and synchronous maturity (60 days). Average grain yield is 11.25 qt/ha.
2. Time of sowing : March-April
3. Seed rate : 37.5 kg/ha
4. Method of sowing : Sown with seed drill in rows- 22.5 cm apart with plant to plant distance 7 cm.
Practices followed by farmer for sowing method.
Flat sowing : Broadcasting 5. Seed treatment : Captan or Thiram @ 3 g/kg of seed
6. Depth of sowing : 4-6 cm7. Fertilizers : As per soil test report in the FLD’s plots.
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8. Spray schedule :
For control of Pod Borer: Spray the crop at appearance of larvae with 2.50 litre of Thiodan35 EC per ha.
For control of White fly: 625 ml Rogor 30 EC/ha or 625 ml/ha Metasystox 25 EC in 250 litre water.
Yellow Mosaic virus : Rogue out the effected plants.
Interpretation of values:OC range : < 0.4 Low P range : < 12.5 Low K range : < 137.5 Low(%) 0.4 to 0.75 Medium (kg/ha) 12.5 to22.5 Medium (kg/ha) >137.5 High >0.75 High 22.5 to 50 High
15. Sh. Rajwant Singh S/o Sh. Laxman Singh, Village Jagirpur
0.4 29-3-10 13-6-10 10.50 9.40 12.10 1:1.66
Average 12.1 10.6 14.2ResultsDiscussion
The pecent increase in FLDs plots over farmers plot in terms of grain yield varied from 10.90 to 18.2%. The increase in FLD plots was mainly due to adoption of improved package of cultivation viz. 25% more urea than recommended as all the plots has low O.C (%).
Reactions/Feed back of farmers
- Both the farmers were convinced with the sowing of Moong with drill.- SML-668 is a good variety and comparatively resistant to white fly. - The inherent soil fertility improved.
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Impact Assessment
There was an increase in the yield of moong in FLD plots than farmer’’s field due to adoption of improved package of practices for moong cultivation.
Demonstrations conducted to demonstrate the effect of Timely spray of thiodan and application of fertilizers on the basis of soil test basis.
1. Result of demonstrations regarding the use of higher dose of urea in plots having low O.C (%) in Sunflower during 2009-10
DiscussionIt is observed that in these demonstrations, yield increase was 1.10 to 2.35% higher than the
farmer’s field. These demonstrations are being conducted to study the effect of higher dose (25% more) of Urea on yield of sunflower plots having low O.C (%).
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2. Result of demonstrations of Sunflower regarding control of cabbage semi-looper through 2 sprays of Thiodan (@ 1250 ml /ha).
Sr. No
Name and address of farmer
Variety Area (ha)
Date of Sowing
Date of harvesting
Yield (qt/ha)
% increase
FLD FP
1. Sh. Joginder Singh s/o sh. Pal Singh, Vill: Toganwal
3 Field Visits 04 4/5, 6/5, 7/5, 2/6 Barindpur (2),Blairkhanpur,Kahna
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4..
Farmer meetings 01 28/5/10 Amarkot 15
CRITICAL INPUTS USED IN THE DEMONSTRATION PLOTS:
INPUTS GOBHI-SARSON
SUNFLOWER GRAM MOONG
Seed GSC-6 @ 3.75 kg/ha.
PSH-569 @ 5 kg/ha
PBG-5 @ 60 kg/ha
SML-668 @ 37.5 kg/ha
Fertilizer Urea @ 280kg/ha
-------- -------- --------
Thiodan Applied @ 2500ml/ha
-------- Applied @ 2500ml/ha
--------
Cholropyriphose
-------- Applied 2500ml/ha
-------- --------
*In addition to this, we had also applied thiodan @ 2500ml/ha in 12 sunflower plots against cabbage semi-looper and applied urea @156.3 kg/ha in the demonstration plots to use of urea in 5 sunflower plots having low O.C (%) content.
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BUDGET UTILIZATION 2009-2010:
In order to provide critical inputs like seed of improved varieties fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides etc. to the farmers a budget is allocated for conductance of FLD by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi during the year 2009-2010. The detail of budget allocated and utilized was as under:
There is an urgent need to enforce MSP (Minimum Support Price) as local dealers make purchases at lower price than MSP. There is need to create marketing cells so as to generate the marketing demand of various crops.
FUTURE PLAN FOR FLD’S DURING THE YEAR 2010-2011
Sr.No. Crop Area (ha) proposed for carrying out Front Line Demonstrations plots during 2010-2011