Parque Nacional Manu through the BIODIVER- STY PROGRAM of the Smithsonian Institution, Programa BlOLAT for the project 'Ictiofauna de1 Parque Nacional Manu' from 19881993. Research facilities were provided by the Museo de Histo- ria Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor d e San Marcos, and the Smithsonian Institution. We thank I. Samanez, F. Chang, F. Rodnguez and A. Vásquez for heIp in collecting specirnens of the new speaes. Population samples of com- parative outgroup glandulocaudines were made available by a wide variety of people and institu- tions previously thanked in ~eitzman & Fink (1985: 11-12), Weitzman (1987: 120), Weitzman et al. (1988: 426), Menezes & Weitzman (1990: 425), and Weitzman et a1 (1994: 63). The osteological drawings were prepared by Diane Mahaney of Alexandria, Virginia. Lisa Palmer, Division of Fihes, prepared x-ray negatives and cleared and stained specimens. Antony Harold, Thomas A. Munroe, Richard P. Vari, and two journal review- ers read the manuscript. AI1 offered valuable suggestions. Literature Cited Bushmann, P. J. & J. R. Burns. 1994. Çocial control of male sexual maturation in the swordtail characin, Corynopoma riisei. J. Fish Biol., el: 363-272. Fink, W. L. &S. H. Weitzman. 1974. The so-called chei- rodontin fishes of Central America with descrip- tions of two new species (Pisces: Characidae). Smith- sonian Contr. Zool., 172: 1-42. Fink, W. L. & M. L. Zelditch. In press. Phylogenetic analysis of ontogenetic shape transformations: a reassessment of the piranha genus Pygocentrus (Teleostei). Syst. Biol. Fowler, H. W. 1913. Fishes from the Madeira River, Brazil. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 65: 517- 579. Géry, J. 1963. Tyttochorax madeirae and other xenurc- bryconine characids. Trop. Fish Hobbyist, 12 (2): 11 -15, 59, 62. - 1965. Poissons Characoides Sud-americains du Senkenberg Museum, 11: Characidae et Crenuch- idae de L'Igarapé Pr@to (Haute Amazonie). [Finl. Senckenbergiana Biologica 46: 195-218. Glantz, S. A. & B. K. Slinker. 1990. Primer of applied regression and analysis of variance. McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, New York, i-xviii, + PP. hdiges, W. 1950. Microbrycon cochui spec. nov. eine neue Art der sudamerikanixhen Glandulocaud- inae. Zool. Anz., 145: 305-309. Loubens, G., L. Lauzanne & B. Le Guennec. 1992. Les milieux aquatiques de Ia région de Trinidad (Béni, Amazonie bolivienne). Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop., 25: 3-21. Menezes, N. A. & S. H. Weitzman. 1990. Two new species of Mimagoniates (Teleostei: Characidae: Glandulocaudinae), their phylogeny and biogeo- graphy and a key to the glandulocaudin fishes of Brazii and Paraguay. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 103: 380-426. Miranda-Ribeiro, A. de. 1939. Alguns novos dados ic- tiologicos da nossa fauna. Boletim da Biologico, Club Zoologico do Brasil, %o Paulo, new series, 4: 358-363. Schultze, H., & G. Arratia. 1989.The composition of the caudal skeleton of teleosts (Actinopterygii: Oste- ichthyes). Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 97: 189-231. Weitzman, 5. H. 1966 Review of South American fish- es of subtnbeNannostomina. Proc. U. 5. Natn. Mus. 119 (3538): 1-56, - 1987. A new species of Xenurobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Río Mamoré basin of Bolivia. Proc. Biol. Çoc. Washington, 100: 112-120. Weitzman, S. H. & S. V. Fink. 1985. Xenurobryconin phylogeny and putative pheromone pumps in glan- dulocaudine fishes (Teleostei: Characidae). Çmith- sonian Cont. Zool., 421: 1-121. Weitzman, 5. H., 5. V. Fink. A. Machado-Allison & R. Royero L. 1994. A new genus and species of Glan- dulocaudinae (Teleostei: Characidae) from south- ern Venezuela. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, 5: 45-64. Weitzman, 5. H., N. A. Menezes, & M.J. Weitzman. 1988. Phylogenetic biogeography of the Glandulo- caudini (Teleostei:Characiformtis,Characidae) with comments on the distnbutions of other freshwater fishes in eastern and southeastern Brazil. In: Pro- ceedings of a Workshop on Neotropical Distribu- tion Patterns. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 488 pp. Weitzman, 5. H. & R.P. Vari. 1988. Miniaturization in South Amencan freshwaterfishes;an overviewand discussion. Proc. Biol. %c. Washington, 101: 444- 465. Zarske, A. 1993. Nannostomus nitidus- der Schmuckzier- salmler. DATZ - Aquanen und Terrarien, 46: 694- 695. Zelditch, M. L. & W. L. Fink. 1995. Allometry and de- velopmental integration of body growth in a pi- ranha, Pygocentrus nnttereri (Teleostei: Ostanophy- si). J. Morphol., 223: 341-355. Zelditch, M. L., W. L. F i k & D. L. Swiderski. In press. Morphometries, homology, and phylogenetics: quantifid characters as synapomorphies. Syst. Biol. Receivd i3 August 1994 Revwd 18 January 1995 Accepted 16 January 1995 Weitzman h Ortega: Tyttochnrnx tnmboptensis - ' CADASTRADO BASE DE DADOS Ichthyol. Explor. Fr~hwaters. Vol 6, No. 2. pp. 149-170.21 figs., 6 tabs., August 1995 Q 1W5 by Verlag Dr. friedrich Pfeil, Munchen, FRC - 1SSN W%9902 IIIOIAOC;Y Three new cichlid species from southem Amazonia: Aequidens gerciliae, A. epae and A. michaeli Sven O. Kullander* Aequidens gerciliae, new species, is collected in the upper Rio Anpuanà and is distinguished from similar species by its high lateral scale count (25). the usually very wide lateral band, and the dark lower head of adults. It is sympatric with a distinctive population of Aequidens tetramerus, similar to A. tetramerus reported hom the Madre de Dios drainage in Peru. Aeqiiidens epae, new species, is collected in the lower Rio Tapajós and distinguished by having the dark bar above the midlateral spot caudad slanting. Aequidens michaeli, new species, is collected in the lower Rio Xingu and is notable for severa1 colour pattern characteristics including the lack of a sc-calld cheek spot. With A . gerciliae there are eleven endemic fish species reported hom the upper Rio Anpuanà. Introduction Aequidens Eigenmann & Bray is a widely distrib- uted cis-Andean South American genus with twelve species currently considered valid, and about ten undescribed species. The genus is dealt with to some length by Kullander (1984a, 1984b, 1986), Kullander & Ferreira (1991) and Kullander & Nijssen (1989). The three species reported be- low were chosen for description in one paper as they are relatively similar to each other and be- long to three adjacent south bank Amazon hib- utaries in Brazil. One species has been analyzed ecologically (Soares, 1980) and another species was recently inhoduced as aquarium fish (Stawi- kowski, 1991). Aequidens species separate into a number of morphological groups. One group, consisting of A. pllidus (Heckel) and A . tubicen Kuiiander & Ferreira, was diagnosed by Kullander & Ferreira (1991), referring to a high number of vertebrae (14+13=27; in other Aeqiridens generally 12+13=25 or 13+13=26) and three colour pattern characters (lateral band positioned more dorsally and the midlateral spot positioned more postenorly than in other Aequidens species, and the caudal spot preceded by a large light spot at the dorsal mar- gin of the caudal peduncle). The species described in this paper share with A . pnllidus and A . tubicen the possession of elab- orate cheek ornarnentation, referred to as buccal stripes, made u p of blue or green iridescent spots or stripes on the cheek and giii cover. This oma- mentation is aiso found in A . diudem (Heckel), A . pztricki Kullander, A . rnetne Eigenmann, the undescribed Peruvian species referred to as A . diaderna by Kullander (1986) (cf. Kuiiander & Ferreira, 1991), but not in any of the other Aequi- ' Departrnent of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50M)7,5-10405 Stockholm, Çweden. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaterç, Vol. 6, No. 2