Fishes of Nepal: Mapping distributions based on voucher specimens – Appendix II. Species in the orders Siluriformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Beloniformes, Synbranchi- formes, Perciformes, and Tetraodontiformes EMPORIA STATE RESEARCH STUDIES Vol. 48, no. 2, p. 52-74 (2012) Table of contents Order Siluriformes Family Bagridae (p. 53) Batasio macronotus Ng & Edds 2004 Batasio tengana (Hamilton 1822) Mystus bleekeri (Day 1877) Mystus cavasius (Hamilton 1822) Mystus tengara (Hamilton 1822) Mystus vittatus (Bloch 1794) Rita rita (Hamilton 1822) Sperata aor (Hamilton 1822) Sperata seenghala (Sykes 1839) Family Siluridae (p. 56) Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch 1794) Ompok pabda (Hamilton 1822) Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Family Schilbeidae (p. 57) Ailia coila (Hamilton 1822) Clupisoma garua (Hamilton 1822) Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton 1822) Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton 1822) Family Amblycipitidae (p. 58) Amblyceps mangois (Hamilton 1822) Family Sisoridae Subfamily Sisorinae (p. 59) Bagarius yarrelli (Sykes 1839) Gagata cenia (Hamilton 1822) Gagata sexualis Tilak 1970 Gogangra viridescens (Hamilton 1822) Nangra assamensis Sen & Biswas 1994 Nangra nangra (Hamilton 1822) Sisor rheophilus Ng 2003 Subfamily Glyptosterninae (p. 61) Glyptothorax alaknandi Tilak 1969 Glyptothorax botius (Hamilton 1822) Glyptothorax cavia (Hamilton 1822) Glyptothorax garhwali Tilak 1969 Glyptothorax gracilis (Günther 1864) Glyptothorax indicus Talwar 1991 Glyptothorax telchitta (Hamilton 1822) Glyptothorax trilineatus Blyth 1860 Myersglanis blythii (Day 1870) Parachiloglanis hodgarti (Hora 1923) Pseudecheneis eddsi Ng 2006 Pseudecheneis serracula Ng & Edds 2005 Family Erethistidae (p. 65) Erethistoides ascita Ng & Edds 2005 Pseudolaguvia kapuri (Tilak & Husain 1975) Family Clariidae (p. 65) Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) Family Heteropneustidae (p. 66) Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch 1794) Family Chacidae (p. 66) Chaca chaca (Hamilton 1822) Order Cyprinodontiformes Family Aplocheilidae (p. 66) Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton 1822) Order Beloniformes Family Belonidae (p. 67) Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822) Order Synbranchiformes Family Synbranchidae (p. 67) Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton 1822) Family Mastacembelidae (p. 67) Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822 Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède 1800) 1. Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801. Present address: Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 <[email protected]> 2. Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801. Corresponding author <[email protected]> OM H. SHRESTHA 1 AND DAVID R. EDDS 2
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Fishes of Nepal: Mapping distributions based on voucher specimens – Appendix II.Species in the orders Siluriformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Beloniformes, Synbranchi-formes, Perciformes, and Tetraodontiformes
EMPORIA STATE RESEARCH STUDIES Vol. 48, no. 2, p. 52-74 (2012)
Family Erethistidae (p. 65)Erethistoides ascita Ng & Edds 2005Pseudolaguvia kapuri (Tilak & Husain 1975)
Family Clariidae (p. 65)Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758)
Family Heteropneustidae (p. 66)Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch 1794)
Family Chacidae (p. 66)Chaca chaca (Hamilton 1822)
Order Cyprinodontiformes Family Aplocheilidae (p. 66)
Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton 1822)
Order Beloniformes Family Belonidae (p. 67)
Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822)
Order Synbranchiformes Family Synbranchidae (p. 67)
Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton 1822)
Family Mastacembelidae (p. 67)Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepède 1800)
1. Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801. Present address: Oklahoma StateUniversity, Stillwater, OK 74078 <[email protected]>
2. Department of Biological Sciences, Emporia State University, Emporia, KS 66801. Corresponding author<[email protected]>
OM H. SHRESTHA1 AND DAVID R. EDDS2
Emporia State Research Studies 48(2), 2012 53
Order Perciformes Family Ambassidae (p. 68)
Chanda nama Hamilton 1822Parambassis baculis (Hamilton 1822)Parambassis lala (Hamilton 1822)Pseudambassis ranga (Hamilton 1822)
Family Nandidae (p. 70)Nandus nandus (Hamilton 1822)
Family Badidae (p. 70)Badis badis (Hamilton 1822)
Family Mugilidae (p. 70)Sicamugil cascasia (Hamilton 1822)
Family Gobiidae Subfamily Gobiinae (p. 71)
Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton 1822)
Family Anabantidae (p. 71)Anabas cobojius (Hamilton 1822)
Family Osphronemidae Subfamily Luciocephalinae (p. 71)
Order Tetraodontiformes Family Tetraodontidae (p. 74)
Tetraodon cutcutia Hamilton 1822
Species accounts
Batasio macronotus Ng & Edds 2004Batasio
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Bagridae
Batasio macronotus, KU 34546, 85.6 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Known only from the Koshi River in eastern Nepal;quiet lowland waters over sand and mud substrate (Ngand Edds 2004).
Feeding habits: No available primary literature.Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Batasio tengana (Hamilton 1822)Assamese Batasio
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Bagridae
Batasio tengana, KU 35240, 39.1 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Kanchanpur, Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Submontane rivers and ponds (Menon 1999).Feeding habits: No available primary literature.Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Hossain and Haque
2005).
Mystus bleekeri (Day 1877)Day’s Mystus
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Bagridae
Shrestha and Edds 54
Mystus bleekeri, KU 28623, 69.1 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Streams in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare1937); lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b); ponds, rivers, lakes,ditches (Molur and Walker 1998).
Feeding habits: Mid-water feeder, algae, rotifers, crustaceans,pelagic insects and their larvae (Das and Moitra 1955);carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998).
Reproduction: Breeds from April to July (Hossain and Haque2005).
Feeding habits: Omnivorous (Nazneen and Bari 1982).Reproduction: Breeds from April to July with peak in May and
June (Parameswaran, Radhakrishnan and Selvarj 1971);April to August (Hossain and Haque 2005).
Emporia State Research Studies 48(2), 2012 55
Mystus vittatus (Bloch 1794)Striped Dwarf Catfish
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Bagridae
Mystus vittatus, KU 29576, 55.2 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Streams in the lowlands (Shaw and Sheabbeare1937); lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b); ponds, lakes, rivers(Molur and Walker 1998); ponds, streams, ditches, canals,flood waters, lakes, swamps with muddy substrate (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Mid-water feeder (Das and Moitra 1955);carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998); aquatic insects andother invertebrates (Daniels 2002); feeding on small fishes(Ahmed et al. 2007).
Reproduction: Breeds in rainwater pools, ditches (Daniels2002); April to August (Hossain and Haque 2005);December to August (Rajagopal and Davidar 2008).
Habitat use: Rivers and streams (Khan 1934); rivers (Shawand Shebbeare 1937; Molur and Walker 1998); lowlandrivers (Edds 1986a, b, 2007); backwaters in tributaries oflarge rivers (Shrestha 1990); rivers (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Khan 1934; Molur and Walker1998); insects and their larvae, young fishes (Khan 1934);bottom feeder (Das and Moitra 1955); insects,crustaceans, rotifers, algae, macrophytes (Laghari et al.2009).
Reproduction: Breeds from June to end of July, prolific breeder(Khan 1934); annual breeder (Molur and Walker 1998);during monsoon (Hossain and Haque 2005); July toAugust (Rajagopal and Davidar 2008).
Feeding habits: Predator (Tamot and Awasthi 2010).Reproduction: Breeds in June and July (Khan 1934); April to
July (Hossain and Haque 2005).
Sperata seenghala (Sykes 1839)Giant River-Catfish
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Bagridae
Sperata seenghala, KU 29592, 210.0 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Rivers (Shaw and Shebbeare 1937; Ratanatrivong,Anurakchanaachai and Rungpiboonsophit 2002); lowlandrivers (Edds 1986a, b, 2007); inundated fields (Menon1999); large rivers, ponds, reservoirs, canals, flooded fields(Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous, feeding on fish eggs and fry(Khan 1934); mid-water feeder (Das and Moitra 1955);omnivorous, feeding on fishes and aquatic insectsincluding dragonfly nymphs (Edds 1987); herbivorous(Rasool and Suleman 1999).
Reproduction: Breeds in June and July (Khan 1934); Januaryto April at 1 to 2 m depth along shore, excavating nest insand-gravel, male guards fry (Ratanatrivong,Anurakchanaachai and Rungpiboonsophit 2002); beforemonsoon, lays eggs in nests (Daniels 2002); April to July(Hossain and Haque 2005).
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch 1794)Butter Catfish
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Siluridae
Ompok bimaculatus, KU 28625, 125.3 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b); lakes, ponds,rivers (Molur and Walker 1998); shallow rivers and pondswith mud and sand substrate in plains and submontaneregions (Menon 1999); rivers of plains and hills, shallow,quiet waters, sandy streams (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Piscivorous, carnivorous (Molur and Walker1998); predator (Tamot and Awasthi 2010).
Reproduction: Breeds in July and August (Khan 1934);monsoon (Daniels 2002); June to August (Hossain andHaque 2005).
Ompok pabda (Hamilton 1822)Pabdah Catfish
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Siluridae
Ompok pabda, KU 29585, 131.4 mm SL
Emporia State Research Studies 48(2), 2012 57
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Clear streams and muddy pools in the lowlands(Shaw and Shebbeare 1937); small and large rivers of thelowlands, in slight current with some submerged plants(Edds 1985); rivers, ponds (Molur and Walker 1998); rivers,streams, ponds, lakes (Menon 1999).
Feeding habits: Surface feeder (Das and Moitra 1955; Molurand Walker 1998); omnivorous (Nazneen and Bari 1982);carnivorous, piscivorous (Molur and Walker 1998);predator (Tamot and Awasthi 2010).
Reproduction: Breeds in July and August (Khan 1934); Juneto late July (Parameswaran, Radhakrishnan and Shelvarj1971); during monsoon (Hossain and Haque 2005).
Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider 1801)Wallago
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Siluridae
Wallago attu, KU 12162, 195.0 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Fast and sluggish waters (Khan 1934); still, deeppools in clear streams and ponds (Shaw and Shebbeare1937); lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b, 2007); rivers, lakes,
reservoirs (Molur and Walker 1998); prefers deep waterswith mud or silt substrate (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Scavenger, voracious eater feeding on fishes,their eggs and fry (Khan 1934); carnivorous, feeding oncrustaceans, insects, small fishes (Chaudhary and Singh2006); predator (Tamot and Awasthi 2010).
Reproduction: Breeds from July to August in shallow water(Khan 1934); before monsoon (Daniels 2002); May toAugust (Hossain and Haque 2005).
Ailia coila (Hamilton 1822)Gangetic Ailia
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Schilbeidae
Ailia coila, KU 29095, 81.3 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Nawalparasi, Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b); rivers, reservoirs(Molur and Walker 1998); large rivers (Menon 1999).
Feeding habits: Surface feeder (Das and Moitra 1955);carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998).
Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Hossain and Haque2005).
Habitat use: Rivers in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare 1937);rivers in hills and lowlands (Edds 1993), in shallow, rockyriffles (Edds 2007); hill streams (Molur and Walker 1998);rivers over sand and pebbles (Menon 1999).
Feeding habits: Insectivorous, feeding on aquatic insects,including caddisfly larvae (Edds 1987); carnivorous(Molur and Walker 1998).
Reproduction: Breeds from April to June (Khan 1934).
Habitat use: Lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b).Feeding habits: Bottom feeder (Molur and Walker 1998).Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Hossain and Haque
2005).
Emporia State Research Studies 48(2), 2012 61
Sisor rheophilus Ng 2003Kirkiree
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Sisoridae
Subfamily—Sisorinae
Sisor rheophilus, KU 29109, 96.2 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Nawalparasi, Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Fast-flowing rivers over sand (Ng 2003); lowlandrivers over sand with some rock, in moderate flow (Eddsand Ng 2007).
Feeding habits: No available primary literature.Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Glyptothorax alaknandi Tilak 1969Kapre
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Sisoridae
Subfamily—Glyptosterninae
Glyptothorax alaknandi, KU 28653, 51.2 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Kanchanpur
Habitat use: Hill streams, bottom dweller (Molur and Walker1998); rivers with shallow, rocky riffles and strong currentin hills and lowlands (Edds and Ng 2007).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998).Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Glyptothorax botius (Hamilton 1822)Telcapre
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Sisoridae
Subfamily—Glyptosterninae
Glyptothorax botius, KU 38561, 81.1 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Lowland rivers (Edds and Ng 2007).Feeding habits: No available primary literature.Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Habitat use: Rivers in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare 1937);hill streams, bottom dweller (Molur and Walker 1998); rockyriffles in rivers of hills and lowlands (Edds 1993, 2007).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998).Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Habitat use: Hill streams, bottom dweller (Molur and Walker1998); rivers of the hills having strong current overshallow, rocky riffles (Edds and Ng 2007).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998).Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Habitat use: Rivers of hills and lowlands, exclusively in broad,shallow riffles with swift velocity over cobble and pebblesubstrate (Ng and Edds 2005a).
Feeding habits: Insectivorous, feeding on aquatic insectsincluding caddisflies (Edds 1987; Ng and Edds 2005a).
Reproduction: Breeds in upper reaches of rivers duringmonsoon (Ng and Edds 2005a).
Erethistoides ascita Ng & Edds 2005Katakanti
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Erethistidae
Erethistoides ascita, KU 35016, 36.7 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Jhapa, Udayapur
Habitat use: Pebble and cobble riffles with moderate depthand current velocity (Ng and Edds 2005b).
Feeding habits: No available primary literature.Reproduction: No available primary literature.
Habitat use: Over mud (Shaw and Shebbeare 1937); lowlandlakes (Edds 1986a); rivers, ponds, swamps, ditches, slow-moving muddy waters (Menon 1999); buried in the bottomof streams, ponds, flooded rice fields (Daniels 2002).
Shrestha and Edds 66
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Sinha and Moitra 1978; Molurand Walker 1998); omnivorous (Tamot and Awasthi 2010).
Reproduction: Breeds from July to August (Daniels 2002;Rajagopal and Davidar 2008); prefers inundated paddyfields (Hossain and Haque 2005); May to July (Hossainand Haque 2005).
Habitat use: Rivers and ponds in the lowlands (Shaw andShebbeare, 1937); lowland lakes (Edds 1986a); ponds,ditches, marshes, swamps, rivers (Molur and Walker 1998);rivers, lakes, ponds, ditches, flooded waters (Daniels 2002);ponds (Khan, Islam and Hussain 2003).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998;Chaudhary and Singh 2006; Ahmed et al. 2007); feeds oncrustaceans, rotifers, adult insects and larvae, fish fry andfingerlings, mollusks, shrimps (Chaudhary and Singh2006).
Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Khan 1934; Daniels2002; Hossain and Haque 2005) in ditches (Daniels 2002);multiseasonal (Rajagopal and Davidar 2008).
Chaca chaca (Hamilton 1822)Squarehead Catfish
Order—SiluriformesFamily—Chacidae
Chaca chaca, KU 29118, 144.7 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Rivers and ponds in the lowlands (Shaw andShebbeare 1937).
Feeding habits: Sits on bottom and lures fish prey by wigglingmaxillary barbels (Schifter 1965).
Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Hossain and Haque2005).
Habitat use: Streams in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare1937); lowland rivers (Edds 1993, 2007); ponds, rivers(Molur and Walker 1998); rivers in the plains (Menon 1999).
Habitat use: Clear streams in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare1937); rivers of the hills and lowlands (Edds 1993); streamsand rivers over sand, pebbles, or rocks (Menon 1999);rivers with sand, pebble, or boulder substrate (Daniels
Feeding habits: Surface feeder (Das and Moitra 1955);phytoplankton (Daniels 2002).
Shrestha and Edds 70
Reproduction: Breeds throughout rainy season (Daniels 2002);monsoon (Hossain and Haque 2005).
Nandus nandus (Hamilton 1822)Gangetic Leaffish
Order—PerciformesFamily—Nandidae
Nandus nandus, KU 29103, 83.3 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Kanchanpur, Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Muddy streams and ponds in the lowlands,ditches, inundated fields (Shaw and Shebbeare 1937);lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b, 2007); rivers, lakes,reservoirs (Molur and Walker 1998).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998; Pal etal. 2003); predator (Daniels 2002); feeds on insects, smallshrimp, small fish (Pal et al. 2003).
Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Hossain and Haque2005).
Habitat use: Streams in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare1937); lowland rivers (Edds 1993, 2007); ponds, lakes, riversin the plains (Molur and Walker 1998); rivers, streams,lakes, ponds (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Surface feeder (Das and Moitra 1955);piscivorous, feeding on fish, adult and larval insects,shrimp (Piet and Guruge 1997); omnivorous (Molur andWalker 1998); predator (Daniels 2002); carnivorous (Tamotand Awasthi 2010).
Reproduction: Lays eggs onto submerged logs (Daniels 2002);March to October (Hossain and Haque 2005).
Anabas cobojius (Hamilton 1822)Gangetic Koi
Order—PerciformesFamily—Anabantidae
Anabas cobojius, KU 29567, 80.7 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Ponds, lakes, ditches, paddy fields (Menon 1999);ponds, swamps, ditches (Molur and Walker 1998);lowlands (Edds and Ng 2007).
Feeding habits: Mosquito larvae (Sen 1937); omnivorous(Molur and Walker 1998).
Reproduction: Annual breeder (Molur and Walker 1998).
Trichogaster chuna (Hamilton 1822)Sunset Gourami
Order—PerciformesFamily—Osphronemidae
Subfamily—Luciocephalinae
Trichogaster chuna, KU 28602, 30.9 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Rivers and lakes with vegetation (Menon 1999);small, lowland rivers with sandy substrate (Edds 2007);rivers and lakes (Chandra et al. 2008).
Feeding habits: Mosquito larvae (Chandra et al. 2008).Reproduction: Breeds during monsoon (Hossain and Haque
Habitat use: Clear streams in the lowlands (Shaw and Shebbeare1937); lowland rivers (Edds 1986a, b) and backwaters withsubmerged vegetation (Edds 2007); rivers, lakes, ponds,swamps (Molur and Walker 1998); rivers, lakes, prefersweedy habitat (Chandra et al. 2008).
Feeding habits: Mosquito larvae (Sen 1937; Chandra et al.2008); carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998);phytoplankton (Mitra et al. 2007); herbivorous (Tamot andAwasthi 2010).
Reproduction: Breeds from June to October (Hossain andHaque 2005); March to October (Mitra et al. 2007).
Trichogaster lalius (Hamilton 1822)Dwarf Gourami
Order—PerciformesFamily—Osphronemidae
Subfamily—Luciocephalinae
Trichogaster lalius, KU 29357, 18.5 mm SL(caudal fin damaged)
Nepal distribution: Saptari
Habitat use: Ponds, lakes, ditches (Daniels 2002); lowlandbackwaters over mud substrate with submergedvegetation (Edds 2007); streams and lakes with abundantvegetation (Chandra et al. 2008).
Feeding habits: Mosquito larvae (Chandra et al. 2008).Reproduction: Lays eggs within bubble-nest (Daniels 2002);
Reproduction: Breeds from April to June (Khan 1934; Hossainand Haque 2005); monogamous, spawns in clear andsluggish waters, eggs laid without nest (Khan 1934);annual breeder (Molur and Walker 1998); shallow pools,throughout the year (Daniels 2002).
Channa marulius (Hamilton 1822)Giant Snakehead
Order—PerciformesFamily—Channidae
Channa marulius, KU 12180, 177.0 mm SL
Nepal distribution: Saptari, Sunsari
Habitat use: Rivers, streams, slow-moving to swift waters (Khan1934); lowland rivers (Shaw and Shebbeare 1937; Edds1986a, b); ponds, lakes, rivers, bottom dweller (Molur andWalker 1998); large lakes, rivers, prefers deep waters withrocky or sandy bottoms (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Fishes, frogs, tadpoles (Khan 1934);carnivorous, feeding on shrimp (Edds 1987); predator,feeding on fishes, water birds, snakes, rodents (Daniels2002).
Reproduction: Breeds from April to June (Khan 1934; Hossainand Haque 2005); monogamous (Khan 1934); annualbreeder (Molur and Walker 1998); April to June, lays eggson floating nest made of plants and leaves (Daniels 2002).
Feeding habits: Carnivorous (Molur and Walker 1998;Chaudhary and Singh 2006); insects, mosquito larvae,mollusks, arthropods (Rasool and Suleman 1999);predaceous (Daniels 2002); crustaceans, rotifers, adultinsects and their larvae, fish fry and fingerlings, mollusks,shrimps (Chaudhary and Singh 2006); crustaceans,copepods, worms, small fishes (Ahmed et al. 2007).
Reproduction: Breeds from April to June, lays eggs in a nestalong the bank (Khan 1934); throughout the year, layseggs in shallow waters with silty substrate (Daniels 2002);winter (Hossain and Haque 2005); annual breeder (Molurand Walker 1998).
Shrestha and Edds 74
Tetraodon cutcutia Hamilton 1822Ocellated Pufferfish