Fishes Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 03:16 1 Fishes
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
1Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
2Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Fishes
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Fishes
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Why are there so many body types?Why are there so many body types?Why are there so many body types?Why are there so many body types?
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fish and quadruped evolutionFish and quadruped evolutionFish and quadruped evolutionFish and quadruped evolution
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Fish:Fish:TaxonomyTaxonomy& Form and function of & Form and function of internal anatomyinternal anatomy
Fish:Fish:TaxonomyTaxonomy& Form and function of & Form and function of internal anatomyinternal anatomy
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How do they compare?How do they compare?How do they compare?How do they compare?
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Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Phylum Chordata evolutionPhylum Chordata evolutionPhylum Chordata evolutionPhylum Chordata evolution
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Fishes
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TaxonomyTaxonomy: 3 of the 7 classes of : 3 of the 7 classes of chordates are fishchordates are fishTaxonomyTaxonomy: 3 of the 7 classes of : 3 of the 7 classes of chordates are fishchordates are fish Agnatha (lamprey and hagfish)– no jaw
Gnathostomes– Cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes)• sharks and rays
– Bony fishes (Osteichthyes)• trout, perch
Agnatha (lamprey and hagfish)– no jaw
Gnathostomes– Cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes)• sharks and rays
– Bony fishes (Osteichthyes)• trout, perch
Fishes
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CephalochordataCephalochordata
Larval agnathanLarval agnathan
Fishes
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Ammocoete larvaAmmocoete larvaAmmocoete larvaAmmocoete larva
MouthMouthMouthMouth Gill pouchesGill pouchesGill pouchesGill pouches
Nerve cordNerve cordNerve cordNerve cordNotochordNotochordNotochordNotochord
HeartHeartHeartHeart
Digestive systemDigestive systemDigestive systemDigestive system
AnusAnusAnusAnus
Fishes
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AgnathaAgnathaAgnathaAgnatha
Fishes
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HagfishHagfishHagfishHagfish
External gill openingExternal gill openingExternal gill openingExternal gill opening
MouthMouthMouthMouth
Pores of slime sacsPores of slime sacsPores of slime sacsPores of slime sacs
Caudal finCaudal finCaudal finCaudal fin
Median nostrilMedian nostrilMedian nostrilMedian nostril
Fishes
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HagfishHagfishHagfishHagfish
NostrilNostrilNostrilNostril
Olfactory sacOlfactory sacOlfactory sacOlfactory sac Brain and nerve cordBrain and nerve cordBrain and nerve cordBrain and nerve cord
NotochordNotochordNotochordNotochord
Tongue withTongue withteethteeth
Tongue withTongue withteethteeth
Opening to Opening to Gill sacGill sacOpening to Opening to Gill sacGill sac
Fishes
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Hagfish feedingHagfish feedingHagfish feedingHagfish feeding
Fishes
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LampreysLampreysLampreysLampreys
Gill openingGill openingGill openingGill opening
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LampreysLampreysLampreysLampreys
TongueTonguewith teethwith teeth
TongueTonguewith teethwith teeth
PharynxPharynxPharynxPharynx
Buccal funnelBuccal funnelwith teethwith teeth
Buccal funnelBuccal funnelwith teethwith teeth
Fishes
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How did your jaws evolve?How did your jaws evolve?How did your jaws evolve?How did your jaws evolve?
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How did your ears evolve?How did your ears evolve?How did your ears evolve?How did your ears evolve?
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Fishes
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Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fishGnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fish
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fishGnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fish
Fishes
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Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fishGnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fish
Pelvic girdle and finPelvic girdle and finPelvic girdle and finPelvic girdle and fin
Pectoral girdle and finPectoral girdle and finPectoral girdle and finPectoral girdle and fin
Caudal finCaudal finCaudal finCaudal fin
Dorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal fins
Fishes
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Pharyngeal gillsPharyngeal gillsPharyngeal gillsPharyngeal gills
MouthMouthMouthMouth PharynxPharynxPharynxPharynx
Gill archGill archGill archGill arch
Gill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsCartilaginous supportCartilaginous supportCartilaginous supportCartilaginous support
Fishes
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Gill surfaceGill surfaceGill surfaceGill surface
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Placoid ScalesPlacoid ScalesPlacoid ScalesPlacoid Scales
DentinDentinDentinDentin
PulpPulpPulpPulp
Pulp cavityPulp cavityPulp cavityPulp cavity
EpidermisEpidermisEpidermisEpidermis
Fishes
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FeedingFeedingFeedingFeeding
ToothToothToothTooth
New tooth formingNew tooth formingNew tooth formingNew tooth forming
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Digestive systemDigestive systemDigestive systemDigestive system
StomachStomachStomachStomach
Spiral valveSpiral valveSpiral valveSpiral valve
LiverLiverLiverLiver
LiverLiverLiverLiver
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Lateral line: formLateral line: formLateral line: formLateral line: form
Sensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairs
NeuromastNeuromastNeuromastNeuromast
Sensory cellSensory cellSensory cellSensory cell
Lateral lineLateral lineLateral lineLateral line
Lateral nerveLateral nerveLateral nerveLateral nerve
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Lateral line: functionLateral line: functionLateral line: functionLateral line: function
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Ampullae of Lorenzini: detect electricityAmpullae of Lorenzini: detect electricityAmpullae of Lorenzini: detect electricityAmpullae of Lorenzini: detect electricity
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Fishes
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Ampullae of LorenziniAmpullae of LorenziniAmpullae of LorenziniAmpullae of Lorenzini
AmpullaAmpullaAmpullaAmpulla
PorePorePorePore
Jelly filled Jelly filled cavitycavityJelly filled Jelly filled cavitycavity
AmpullaAmpullaAmpullaAmpulla
NerveNerveNerveNerve
Fishes
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Osteichthyes Osteichthyes (Bony fish)(Bony fish)Osteichthyes Osteichthyes (Bony fish)(Bony fish)
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
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Osteichthyes skeletonOsteichthyes skeletonOsteichthyes skeletonOsteichthyes skeleton
Pelvic finPelvic finPelvic finPelvic finPectoral finPectoral finPectoral finPectoral fin
Caudal finCaudal finCaudal finCaudal fin
Dorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal fins
Anal finAnal finAnal finAnal fin
Fishes
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Transition to landTransition to landTransition to landTransition to land
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Transition to landTransition to land(lobe fins)(lobe fins)Transition to landTransition to land(lobe fins)(lobe fins)
Fishes
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Fish tailsFish tailsFish tailsFish tails
HeterocercalHeterocercal
HomocercalHomocercalDiphycercalDiphycercal
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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SpecializationSpecializationSpecializationSpecialization
AccelerationAcceleration
CruisingCruising
ManeuveringManeuvering
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Fish scalesFish scalesFish scalesFish scales
GanoidGanoid
CtenoidCtenoid
CycloidCycloid
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Trunk musculatureTrunk musculatureTrunk musculatureTrunk musculature
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Opercular gillsOpercular gillsOpercular gillsOpercular gills
Gill archGill archGill archGill arch
Gill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsGill filaments
OperculumOperculumOperculumOperculum
MouthMouthMouthMouth
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Opercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gill
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Opercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gill
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Gill archGill archGill archGill arch
ArteryArteryArteryArtery
Gill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsGill filaments
VeinVeinVeinVein
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Counter current exchangeCounter current exchangeCounter current exchangeCounter current exchange
Water flowWater flowWater flowWater flow
Blood flowBlood flowBlood flowBlood flow
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BloodBlood WaterWater
100%100%20%20%
30%35%40%45%50%55%60%
30%35%40%45%50%55%60%
90%85%80%75%70%75%60%
90%85%80%75%70%75%60%
ConcurrentConcurrentexchangeexchangeConcurrentConcurrentexchangeexchange Fluids flow in
the same direction
equilibrium between the two fluids occurs
Fluids flow in the same direction
equilibrium between the two fluids occurs
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BloodBlood WaterWater
100%100%
20%20%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Counter CurrentCounter CurrentExchangeExchangeCounter CurrentCounter CurrentExchangeExchange Fluids flow in the
opposite directions
Equilibrium between the two fluids never occurs
Fluids flow in the opposite directions
Equilibrium between the two fluids never occurs
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Circulatory systemCirculatory systemCirculatory systemCirculatory system
VentricleVentricleAuricleAuricle
GillsGills
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Swim bladderSwim bladderSwim bladderSwim bladder
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Lateral line system: same as sharksLateral line system: same as sharksLateral line system: same as sharksLateral line system: same as sharks
Sensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairs
Nerve fibersNerve fibersNerve fibersNerve fibers
NeuromastNeuromastNeuromastNeuromast
Lateral line canalLateral line canalLateral line canalLateral line canal
NeuromastNeuromastNeuromastNeuromast
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Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fastest Fish competitionFastest Fish competitionFastest Fish competitionFastest Fish competition
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Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fastest Fish competition: Fastest Fish competition: scoring guidelinescoring guidelineFastest Fish competition: Fastest Fish competition: scoring guidelinescoring guideline
FASTEST FISH CHALLENGE ANALYSIS >>---->
Fish designer:
CATEGORY DISTINGUISHED PROFICIENT NOT QUITE
Fin orientation:
Coloration for environment
(camouflage, warning, disorienting):
Countershading:
Hydrodynamic rating
OVERALL FISH QUALITY
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Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Hydrodynamic Rating
Fish Maker Length (cm) Force (N) L/F (cm/N)Best ever 11.5 0.05 230
Jordan 10.5 0.3 35
Caitlin 13 0.25 52
Rachel 8.5 0.2 42.5
Olivia 8 0.25 32
Lucy 6 0.25 24
Ana 4 0.15 26.66666667
Hunter 7 0.25 28
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