Fisheries Management to Remediate Mercury Contamination in Sport Fish Colorado Parks and Wildlife 26 September 2013 Hg 80 200.5 9 Dr. Jesse M. Lepak
Jan 04, 2016
Fisheries Management to Remediate
Mercury Contamination in Sport Fish
Colorado Parks and Wildlife26 September 2013
Hg 80200.59
Dr. Jesse M. Lepak
No advisory
0.3 – 0.5 ppm
Advisory
Data pending
QF (egestion)
C(consumption)
QG
QS
(standard)
QU (excretion)
QR (respiration/metabolism)
QA
(active) QH
(SDA)
(Growth)
+ +
Wisconsin Fish Bioenergetics Model 3.0 (Hanson et al. 1997)
Bioenergetics
Original Hg content + (Consumption * Prey Hg * α) - elimination
Daily predator Hg concentration =
Predator weight
Bioenergetics
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Example: Brush Hollow Reservoir
Immature walleye
Female walleyeMale walleye
Walleye weight (g)
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)
Simulate management to reduce ♂♂ mercury?
• Establish male “baseline” model;• Double and half weight gain at age (changes in
density due to harvest);• Switch to rainbow trout diet and double
growth;• Increase system productivity (bloom or
biomass dilution: lower prey Hg, WI);• Decrease water level fluctuation (decreased
methylation rates: lower prey Hg, SD).
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Walleye age (years)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)Baseline conditions
Walleye age (years)
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Altered growth
CurrentDouble weight gain at ageHalf weight gain at age
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Walleye age (years)
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)RBT diet and doubling weight gain at age
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Walleye age (years)
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)Increasing system productivity
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
Walleye age (years)
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)Decreased water level fluctuation
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Summary• Female walleye had lower than expected Hg
due to RBT consumption (growth dilution);• Simulating increased walleye growth alone
decreased Hg, but not below 0.5 ppm;• Simulations with reduced prey Hg showed the
largest reductions in walleye Hg;• These are only simulations, results may vary
(e.g., methylation increase with productivity);• Simulated responses mid-life span rapidly
reached equilibrium.
Walleye age (years)
Wal
leye
Hg
(ppm
)Mid-life span simulation (gizzard shad diet)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
• We tested a whole-lake management action experimentally;
• 25 ha College Lake, dense, slow growing northern pike population (crayfish diet);
• Provided rainbow trout as higher quality forage to quantify growth dilution;
• Repeated measures on individuals (2 months; 30 fish and 1 year; 15 fish);
• A pond component (~40 days) was conducted to verify results.
Do responses really happen this quickly?
College
Lake
N
Rainbow trout stocking
N
25 ha
0.1 ha each
Length, gastric lavage (diet), weightLength, gastric lavage (diet), weight
BiopsyBiopsy Release into College Lake or pondsRelease into College Lake or ponds
50:50 denture 50:50 denture cream/neosporincream/neosporin
Floy Floy TagTag
Initial sampling
• ~1 kg of RBT per pike (27,000, 150 mm);Stocking and recapture
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Initial capture
Initialrecapture
Unfed Increasedforage
Recapture(2010)
Die
t com
posi
tion
(% w
et b
iom
ass)
Sample period/treatment
Cray
fish
Oth
er fi
sh Rain
bow
trou
t
Nor
ther
n cr
icke
t fro
gs
Other inverts Warbler
n = 254 n = 30 n = 12 n = 8 n = 15
▼ ▼
At pond draining: 1 RBT remainedNorthern pike diet response
Ponds
Δ w
eigh
t (%
)
Total length (mm)
-10
0
10
20
30
40
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Northern pike weight change at length
-50
-25
0
25
50
-50 -25 0 25 50
Δ T-
Hg
conc
entr
ation
(%)
Δ weight (%)
College LakeExperimental ponds
Northern pike Hg response
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
400 500 600 700 800
T-H
g co
ncen
trati
on (p
pm)
Total length (inches)
Pre-manipulationPost-manipulation
• 50% of the pike exceeded advisory levels before; We removed 35% of those from the advisory.
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00 400 500 600 700 800
Northern pike Hg response
T-H
g po
st-m
anip
ulati
on (p
pm)
T-Hg pre-manipulation (ppm)
Recapture (2010) 1:1 line
One year later…
1.25
1.0
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.0 1.25
Implications
• Providing quality (low Hg, high calorie) prey has potential to reduce sport fish Hg rapidly;
• More cost effective and ecologically “safe” to manage for prey species already present or increase productivity/decrease methylation;
• Even if low Hg, high quality prey are present, individual sport fish may have elevated Hg;
• The general patterns observed were present across the landscape in Colorado.
No advisory
0.3 – 0.5 ppm
Advisory
Data pending
N,PN,P
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Chlorophyll a (mg/L)
Prob
abili
ty o
f an
advi
sory
Given that you caught a piscivore….
PCA (unitless)
Prob
abili
ty o
f an
advi
sory
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
-4 -2 0 2 4 6
PCA including chlorophyll a, secchi depth and total phosphorus
Given that you caught a piscivore….
Conclusions
• Food web structure (from productivity to predators) is extremely important;
• Food web structure can change rapidly through management and stochasticity;
• Caution, there are reasons why some of these actions may increase bioaccumulation (e.g., increasing productivity);
• Implications for monitoring and potentially remediating mercury contamination in sport fish.
Thank you
Hg 80200.59