Fish ID project Coach Arringtons

Fish ID project

By Nick Bak

Title: Saltwater Fishes Species #: 1

Common Name: Grey Reef Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes

Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Carcharhinus

Species: amblyrhynchos

Geography / Habitat: Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. shallow water – near reefs and

drop-offs

Life Strategy: babies internally fertilized, nourished while inside, but left alone once born.

social and schooling in daytime; active at night

Food / Feed Strategy: small bony reef fishes, squid, octopi, crabs, lobsters, shrimp

Common Name: Grey Reef Shark


Body Form or Style: Fusiform

Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform

Mouth Position: Inferior


Common Name: Bull Shark




Species: leucas

Geography / Habitat: Murky, shallow (< 30 meters) tropical waters worldwide

Life Strategy: viviparous, live birth. 8-10 years maturation

Food / Feed Strategy: very opportunistic carnivore. eats anything it can catch

Common Name: Bull Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharhinus leucas





Common Name: Blacktip Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharhinus limbatus



Species: limbatus

Geography / Habitat: tropical temperate in- or off-shore, near continental shelves or river mouths.

all tropical or subtropical continental waters

Life Strategy: viviparous, 1-10 per litter, raised in nursery/pupping grounds

Food / Feed Strategy: primarily piscivorous; herring, anchovies, sardines, sea catfish. prone to

feeding frenzies

Common Name: Blacktip Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharhinus limbatus





Common Name: Tiger Shark

Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvier


Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Galeocerdo

Species: cuvier

Geography / Habitat: tropical and sub-tropical seas worldwide, seasonal migration to warmer

waters.

Life Strategy: ovoviparous, 9 months in female, then fully independent at birth. solitary and

nomadic

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous scavenger, turtles, birds, reptiles, mammals, besides fish

Common Name: Tiger Shark

Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvier





Common Name: Blue Shark

Scientific Name: Prionace glauca


Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Prionace

Species: glauca

Geography / Habitat: tropical and sub-tropical seas worldwide, clear, blue, deep waters

Life Strategy: solitary and sluggish. complex migrations. one of the most prolific sharks; up to 135

pups in a litter

Food / Feed Strategy: feed mostly on schooling fishes (anchovies, sardines, herrings) but will attack

anything

Common Name: Blue Shark

Scientific Name: Prionace glauca





Common Name: Whitetip Reef Shark

Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus


Family: Carcharhinidae Genus: Triaenodon

Species: obesus

Geography / Habitat: coral reefs in tropical coastal waters, Indian and Pacific Oceans,

Life Strategy: enjoys caves, can sit still and pump water over gills. docile. females followed by up to

100 males, raise litter of young

Food / Feed Strategy: feed at night, very aggressive. bottom feeder, several bony fishes and some

crustaceans, mollusks, etc.

Common Name: Whitetip Reef Shark

Scientific Name: Triaenodon obesus





Common Name: Swell Shark

Scientific Name: Cephaloscyllium ventriosum


Family: Scyliorhinidae Genus: Cephaloscyllium

Species: ventriosum

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Pacific Ocean, mostly shallow-water, inshore sometimes, rocky,

algae-covered kelp beds

Life Strategy: anchors egg cases on rocky bottom. little known of parental care. solitary,

occasionally small groups. active at night, dormant during daytime

Food / Feed Strategy: catches inactive bony fishes at night. eats bony fishes and crustaceans.

Common Name: Swell Shark

Scientific Name: Cephaloscyllium ventriosum





Common Name: Chain Catshark

Scientific Name: Scyliorhinus retifer


Family: Scyliorhinidae Genus: Scyliorhinus

Species: retifer

Geography / Habitat: western Central Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Carribean. rough, rocky bottom,

outer Continental Shelf

Life Strategy: Oviparous; no parental care beyond gestation. not very active animals.

Food / Feed Strategy: squid, fish, annelids, and crustaceans

Common Name: Chain Catshark

Scientific Name: Scyliorhinus retifer





Common Name: Great Hammerhead Shark

Scientific Name: Sphyrna mokarran


Family: Sphyrnidae Genus: Sphyrna

Species: mokarran

Geography / Habitat: tropical ocean waters worldwide, near shore or open sea

Life Strategy: viviparous; 20-30 pups born in summer. solitary hunters, dangerous

Food / Feed Strategy: rays, small sharks, and bony fishes

Common Name: Great Hammerhead shark

Scientific Name: Sphyrna mokarran





Common Name: Bonnethead Shark

Scientific Name: Sphyrna tiburo


Family: Sphyrnidae Genus: Sphyrna

Species: tiburo

Geography / Habitat: Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, Ecuador, S. California. inshore waters, temperate

Life Strategy: migrates south for winter. packs of hundreds or even thousands, or only 15 or so.

viviparous; young fend for selves

Food / Feed Strategy: crustaceans (blue crabs), shrimps, mollusks, small fishes

Common Name: Bonnethead shark

Scientific Name: Sphyrna tiburo





Common Name: Horn Shark

Scientific Name: Heterodontus francisci

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Heterodontiformes

Family: Heterodontidae Genus: Heterodontus

Species: francisci

Geography / Habitat: kelp beds and caves, 8-12 meters deep, subtropical eastern Pacific Ocean

Life Strategy: very sluggish and inactive. spawn in Dec.-Jan., lay eggs on rocks, 6-9 months hatch

Food / Feed Strategy: small fishes and invertebrates

Common Name: Horn shark

Scientific Name: Heterodontus francisci





Common Name: Port Jackson Shark

Scientific Name: Heterodontus portusjacksoni

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Heterodontiformes

Family: Heterodontidae Genus: Heterodontus

Species: portusjacksoni

Geography / Habitat: tropical waters, bottom of rocky environements, Australian Coast

Life Strategy: segregate into same-sex groups, only meet up for breeding

Food / Feed Strategy: primarily invertebrates (starfish, sea urchins, gastropods) also small fishes

Common Name: Port Jackson Shark

Scientific Name: Heterodontus portusjacksoni





Common Name: Frilled Shark

Scientific Name: Chlamydoselachus anguineus

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Hexanchiformes

Family: Chlamydoselachidae Genus: Chlamydoselachus

Species: anguineus

Geography / Habitat: worldwide, on continental shelves, 100-1,300 meters. ocean floor

Life Strategy: ovoviparous, internal fertilization, no parental investment in young. very slow,

solitary

Food / Feed Strategy: small deep-water fishes and squid

Common Name: Frilled Shark

Scientific Name: Chlamydoselachus anguineus

Body Form or Style: anguilliform

Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform

Mouth Position: Terminal


Common Name: Bluntnose Sixgill Shark

Scientific Name: Hexanchus griseus


Family: Hexanchidae Genus: Hexanchus

Species: griseus

Geography / Habitat: near rocky reefs or soft bottoms, near bottom. deeper than 100 meters. All

oceans globally

Life Strategy: Ovoviparous development. Large litters (20-100 per), high infant mortality. solitary

fish

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, rays, sharks, fishes

Common Name: Bluntnosed Sixgill Shark

Scientific Name: Hexanchus griseus





Common Name: Sevengill Shark

Scientific Name: Notorynchus cepedianus


Family: Hexanchidae Genus: Notorynchus

Species: cepedianus

Geography / Habitat: All oceans except Northern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Prefer bottom of

Continental Shelves. Depth based on size

Life Strategy: Ovoviparous. No post-birth care, young nurtured internally.

Food / Feed Strategy: sharks, rays, chimeras, dolphins, also fish like salmon, sturgeon, herring

Common Name: Sevengill Shark

Scientific Name: Notorynchus cepedianus





Common Name: Thresher Shark

Scientific Name: Alopias vulpinus

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes

Family: Alopiidae Genus: Alopias

Species: vulpinus

Geography / Habitat: worldwide warm/temperate waters. pelagic, sometimes wanders inshore

Life Strategy: Ovoviparous, 4-6 pups per litter

Food / Feed Strategy: small schooling fish – stuns with tail blows

Common Name: Threser Shark

Scientific Name: Alopias vulpinus





Common Name: Basking Shark

Scientific Name: Cetorhinus maximus


Family: Cetorhinidae Genus: Cetorhinus

Species: maximus

Geography / Habitat: North and South Atlantic and Pacific, surface waters in open sea

Life Strategy: migratory species. ovoviparous, no parental raising of young. move inland for

breeding

Food / Feed Strategy: opens mouth wide while swimming, gillrakers skim plankton

Common Name: Basking Shark

Scientific Name: Cetorhinus maximus





Common Name: Great White Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias


Family: Lamnidae Genus: Carcharodon

Species: carcharias

Geography / Habitat: all cold temperate and tropical coastal waters, coastal and offshore, surface to

1,800 meters

Life Strategy: Ovoviparous, solitary or small groups

Food / Feed Strategy: swims vertically into prey, slams, then bites to kill. seals, sealions, dolphins,

whale carcasses

Common Name: Great White Shark

Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias





Common Name: Megamouth Shark

Scientific Name: Megachasma pelagios


Family: Megachasmidae Genus: Megachasma

Species: pelagios

Geography / Habitat: deep water off Australia, Japan, Hawaii, California

Life Strategy: sexual, internal fertilization, ovoviparous.

Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeds off plankton with large, adapted mouth

Common Name: Megamouth Shark

Scientific Name: Megachasma pelagios





Common Name: Goblin Shark

Scientific Name: Mitsukurina owstoni


Family: Megachasmidae Genus: Megachasma

Species: pelagios

Geography / Habitat: mid- and deep-water regions, continental shelves, mainly Japan, also S.

Africa, E. Atlantic, Indian

Life Strategy: Probably Ovoviparous with no parental care. Little known about breeding.

Food / Feed Strategy: feeds near bottoms, uses sensors to detect vertically migrating animals. eats

squid, fish, crabs

Common Name: Goblin Shark






Common Name: Sand Tiger Shark



Family: Pseudocarchariidae Genus: Megachasma

Species: pelagios

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, shallow waters, rocky or coral reefs

Life Strategy: well-developed when born, fend for selves, ovoviparous, 2:1 male to female ratio.

travel in groups up to 20

Food / Feed Strategy: hunt co-operatively, eats bony fish, rays, lobsters, crabs, squid. Prone to

feeding frenzies

Common Name: Sand Tiger Shark






Common Name: Crocodile Shark

Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharias kamoharai


Family: Pseudocarchariidae Genus: Pseudocarcharias

Species: kamoharai

Geography / Habitat: all tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. mostly pelagic, sometimes

inshore

Life Strategy: aplacental viviparity (yolk sac), 4 pups per litter, mini adults, swim and feed by selves

Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous: small fish, squid, shrimp

Common Name: Crocodile Shark

Scientific Name: Pseudocarcharias kamoharai





Common Name: Nurse Shark

Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes

Family: Ginglymostomatidae Genus: Ginglymostoma

Species: cirratum

Geography / Habitat: Eastern and western Atlantic, East Pacific to Indian, sandy beaches, mud and

sand flats, coral reefs

Life Strategy: Oviparous or ovoviviparous, 20-30 pups at a time

Food / Feed Strategy: large variety; small fishes, shrimp, mollusks, crustaceans

Common Name: Nurse Shark

Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum





Common Name: Spotted Wobbegong

Scientific Name: Orectolobus maculatus


Family: Orectolobidae Genus: Orectolobus

Species: maculatus

Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dwellers around Australian coast

Life Strategy: Ovoviviparous; all parental investment from female before birth. Young eaten if don‟t

leave immediately. Very sluggish, nocturnal.

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, primarily bottom-dwelling invertebrates

Common Name: Spotted Wobbegong

Scientific Name: Orectolobus maculatus

Body Form or Style: Depressiform

Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform



Common Name: Whale Shark

Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus


Family: Rhincodontidae Genus: Rhincodon

Species: typus

Geography / Habitat: All warm-water and temperate seas worldwide. deep underwater

Life Strategy: solitary and mild-mannered. Little known about reproduction. Thought to be

viviparous, but under debate

Food / Feed Strategy: planktonic and nektonic organisms; krill, herring, anchovies, squid

Common Name: Whale Shark

Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus





Common Name: Zebra Sharks

Scientific Name: Stegostoma fasciatum


Family: Rhincodontidae Genus: Stegostoma

Species: fasciatum

Geography / Habitat: Australian coastal waters, warm-water reefs, 60m deep. bottom-dweller

Life Strategy: very large eggs (oviparous) otherwise no parental investment in young. can pump

water over gills while holding still

Food / Feed Strategy: gastropod and bivalve mollusks, crabs, shrimp, small fish.

Common Name: Zebra Shark






Common Name: Longnose Sawshark


Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Pristiophoriformes

Family: Pristiophoridae Genus: Stegostoma

Species: fasciatum

Geography / Habitat: Open sea and coastal regions, S. Australia Continental shelf, depth >40m

Life Strategy: Pre-birth nourishing as well as feeding and protection after birth. schooling

Food / Feed Strategy: immobilize prey with whack from snout. eats bony fish, shrimp, squids

Common Name: Zebra Shark






Common Name: Atlantic Manta Rays

Scientific Name: Manta birostris

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Myliobatoidei

Family: Myliobatidae Genus: Manta

Species: birostris

Geography / Habitat: Surface to 120 meters, tropical warm-water coastal regions

Life Strategy: solitary, free swimmers. 1 female breeds with a few males. 1 or 2 babies, who are soon

independent

Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeding planktivores

Common Name: Atlantic Manta Ray

Scientific Name: Manta birostris


Swim / Locomotion Style: Amiiform



Common Name: Bat Rays

Scientific Name: Myliobatis californicus

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Myliobatoidei

Family: Myliobatidae Genus: Myliobatis

Species: californicus

Geography / Habitat: shallow waters and coral reefs, Oregon to the Sea of Cortez

Life Strategy: usually solitary, but sometimes in monstrous groups (thousands). male chooses mate

for breeding. pups independent at birth.

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; mollusks, crustaceans, small fish

Common Name: Bat Ray

Scientific Name: Myliobatis californicus





Common Name: Southern Atlantic Stingray

Scientific Name: Dasyatis americana

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes

Family: Dasyatidae Genus: Myliobatis

Species: californicus

Geography / Habitat: most abundant in Gulf of Mexico, florida. also Carribean. Reaches to NJ and

Central S. America. bottom-dweller, sandy bottoms, in-shore

Life Strategy: ovoviparous; independent after birth. 3-5 pups per litter

Food / Feed Strategy: crabs, shellfish, marine worms, sometimes small fish. buries in sand and

surprises

Common Name: Southern Atlantic Stingray

Scientific Name: Dasyatis americana





Common Name: Blue-spotted Stingray

Scientific Name: Taeniura lymma

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Rajiformes

Family: Dasyatidae Genus: Taeniura

Species: lymma

Geography / Habitat: Indo-west Pacific. sandy bottoms around coral reefs

Life Strategy: ovoviparous, 7 young per litter. lives alone or in small groups

Food / Feed Strategy: traps food on substrate, then eats. eats bony fish, shrimp, crabs

Common Name: Blue-spotted Stingray

Scientific Name: Taeniura lymma





Common Name: Cookie-cutter Shark

Scientific Name: Isistius brasiliensis

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squaliformes

Family: Dalatiidae Genus: Isistius

Species: brasiliensis

Geography / Habitat: Mainly Pacific Ocean, also occurs worldwide. Deep-water, near islands.

Life Strategy: solitary, only come together for mating. lays eggs in stick casing on rocks, young

emerge fully developed

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore, violent. deepwater organisms – sharks, squid, fish, etc.

Common Name: Cookie-cutter Shark

Scientific Name: Isistius brasiliensis





Common Name: Greenland Shark

Scientific Name: Somniosus microcephalus


Family: Dalatiidae Genus: Somniosus

Species: microcephalus

Geography / Habitat: North Atlantic, Continental shelves, some intertidal regions. down to 1200

meters deep

Life Strategy: females provide rich embryos for young, sharks independent at birth. sluggish, hover

near sea floor

Food / Feed Strategy: Eats fish, marine mammals, and carrion

Common Name: Greenland Shark

Scientific Name: Somniosus microcephalus





Common Name: Piked Dogfish

Scientific Name: Squalus acanthias


Family: Squalidae Genus: Squalus

Species: acanthias

Geography / Habitat: About 700 meters deep, North Atlantic and North Pacific

Life Strategy: ovoviviparous; females create „candles‟ – thin shell around eggs. gregarious schools

of hundreds or thousands

Food / Feed Strategy: bony fishes, smaller sharks, mollusks, crustaceans, eggcases of sharks

Common Name: Piked Dogfish

Scientific Name: Squalus acanthias





Common Name: Pacific Angel Shark

Scientific Name: Squatina californica

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Squatiniformes

Family: Squatinidae Genus: Squatina

Species: californica

Geography / Habitat: bottom-dweller, shallow waters, Eastern Pacific coastline, California to Chile

Life Strategy: long gestation period results in immediate survival of pups. annual breeding cycle.

typically solitary

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores, primarily eat bony fishes and cephalopods.

Common Name: Pacific Angel Shark

Scientific Name: Squatina californica


Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform



Common Name: Threadfin Butterflyfish

Scientific Name: Chaetodon auriga

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Chaetodon

Species: auriga

Geography / Habitat: Indian and Pacific Oceans, tropical coral reefs

Life Strategy: monogamous, lasting partnership, release hundreds of thousands of eggs, then leave

alone

Food / Feed Strategy: mostly eat plankton, also algae, shrimp, gastropods

Common Name: Threadfin Butterflyfish

Scientific Name: Chaetodon auriga

Body Form or Style: Compressiform




Common Name: Foureye Butterflyfish

Scientific Name: Chaetodon capistratus


Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Chaetodon

Species: capistratus

Geography / Habitat: Western Tropical Atlantic, shallow coral reefs

Life Strategy: groups up to 15 individuals, no consistent paring of mates.

Food / Feed Strategy: browser, eats mostly anthozoans. also fish eggs, crustaceans, worms

Common Name: Foureye Butterflyfish

Scientific Name: Chaetodon capistratus





Common Name: Featherfin Bullfish

Scientific Name: Heniochus acuminatus


Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Heniochus

Species: acuminatus

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean, coral reefs, bay waters

Life Strategy: lays eggs, larvae planktonic

Food / Feed Strategy: coral reef feeders; eats coral and invertebrates

Common Name: Featherfin Bullfish

Scientific Name: Heniochus acuminatus





Common Name: Blue-ring Angelfish

Scientific Name: Pomacanthus annularis


Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Pomacanthus

Species: annularis

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific Ocean coastal rocky coral reefs

Life Strategy: one male and one female, at dusk

Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; benthic invertebrates

Common Name: Blue-ring Angelfish

Scientific Name: Pomacanthus annularis





Common Name: French Angelfish

Scientific Name: Pomacanthus paru


Family: Chaetodontidae Genus: Pomacanthus

Species: paru

Geography / Habitat: shallow coral reefs, both sides of Atlantic

Life Strategy: Pair spawn and scatter eggs. external fertilization

Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; algae and sponges

Common Name: French Angelfish

Scientific Name: Pomacanthus paru





Common Name: Common Dolphinfish

Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus


Family: Coryphaenidae Genus: Coryphaena

Species: hippurus

Geography / Habitat: tropical Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, found near floating objects

Life Strategy: spawning every 2-3 years, 80,000 to 1 million eggs each time

Food / Feed Strategy: eats teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans

Common Name: Common Dolphinfish

Scientific Name: Coryphaena hippurus





Common Name: Remora

Scientific Name: Remora remora


Family: Coryphaenidae Genus: Remora

Species: Remora

Geography / Habitat: Western Mediterranean and Atlantic, pelagic

Life Strategy: clings to bottom of sharks, rays, other large organisms.

Food / Feed Strategy: gillrakers filter plankton as they ride large fish

Common Name: Remora

Scientific Name: Remora remora



Mouth Position: Superior


Common Name: Zebra fish

Scientific Name: Enoplosus armatus


Family: Enoplosidae Genus: Enoplosus

Species: armatus

Geography / Habitat: Indonesia to S. Australia, sea grass beds

Life Strategy: Schooling fish, pair up for spawning, pelagic eggs (floating)

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, especially small crustaceans

Common Name: Zebra Fish

Scientific Name: Enoplosus armatus





Common Name: Leather Grouper

Scientific Name: Dermatoplepis dermatolepis


Family: Serranidae Genus: Dermatoplepis

Species: dermatolepis

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Central Pacific and Southeast Pacific, rocky reef areas

Life Strategy: males and females release clouds of eggs and sperm, do not guard young

Food / Feed Strategy: small benthic fish, crustaceans, crabs, shrimp

Common Name: Leather Grouper

Scientific Name: Dermatoplepis dermatolepis





Common Name: Clown Wrasse

Scientific Name: Coris aygula


Family: Labridae Genus: Coris

Species: aygula

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Africa, Southern Asia, rocky reef and coral areas

Life Strategy: loose aggregations, one male dominates for spawning. egg-layers

Food / Feed Strategy: eats shelled mollusks, crabs, sea urchins

Common Name: Clown Wrasse

Scientific Name: Coris aygula


Swim / Locomotion Style: Labriform



Common Name: Cleaner Fish

Scientific Name: Labroides dimidiatus


Family: Labridae Genus: Labroides

Species: dimidiatus

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific coral reefs

Life Strategy: males defend territory, attract females. external fertilization

Food / Feed Strategy: operate “cleaning stations” where other fish come to have their teeth cleaned

by the wrasses

Common Name: Cleaner Fish

Scientific Name: Labroides dimidiatus





Common Name: Bluehead Wrasse

Scientific Name: Thalassoma bifasciatum


Family: Labridae Genus: Thalassoma

Species: bifasciatum

Geography / Habitat: Western Atlantic Ocean, inshore bays and seagrass beds

Life Strategy: females can become males (protogyny). egg-layers, no parental care

Food / Feed Strategy: forage for plankton, worms, shrimp, small crustaceans

Common Name: Bluehead Wrasse

Scientific Name: Thalassoma bifasciatum





Common Name: Barrier Reef Anemone Fish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion akindynos


Family: Pomacentridae Genus: Amphiprion

Species: akindynos

Geography / Habitat: Australian Great Barrier Reef, 1-25 meters deep

Life Strategy: live in anemones on reef without being harmed. male selects nest, external

fertilization, guard nest from predators and clear debris

Food / Feed Strategy: primarily eat algae and zooplankton


Scientific Name: Amphiprion akindynos






Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus



Species: frenatus

Geography / Habitat: Oriental Western Pacific, lagoon reefs

Life Strategy: pair mates together for life, lives in anemone for protection. lay eggs and protects,

larvae leave when hatched for own anemone

Food / Feed Strategy: algae, zooplankton, small crustaceans

Common Name: Tomato Clownfish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion frenatus





Common Name: False Skunkstriped Anemonefish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion perideraion



Species: perideraion

Geography / Habitat: Tropical West Pacific and Indian oceans, lagoons and seaward reefs

Life Strategy: lay eggs just outside host anemone, protect until gone. not harmed by anemone,

symbiotic relationship, gets protection

Food / Feed Strategy: suction-feeder, omnivorous, zoo- and phyto-plankton mostly

Common Name: False Skunkstriped Anemonefish

Scientific Name: Amphiprion perideraion




Title: Freshwater Fishes Species #: 51

Common Name: Kenyi

Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus lombardoi


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Pseudotropheus

Species: lombardoi

Geography / Habitat: rocky shores, Mbenji Island, East African Lake Malawi

Life Strategy: aggressive, typical mbunas, mouthbreed, live in same location

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, but does need plenty plant/vegetable protein

Common Name: Kenyi

Scientific Name: Pseudotropheus lombardoi



Mouth Position: superior

Title: Freshwater Fish Species #: 52

Common Name: Kissing Gourami

Scientific Name: Helostoma temminckii


Family: Helostomatidae Genus: Helostoma

Species: Helostoma temmincki

Geography / Habitat: Southeast Asia; Thailand, Indonesia, Java, Borneo

Life Strategy: Fry born in floodplains, at 5 to 7 cm migrate to slow-moving rivers.

“Kissing behavior occurs during feeding and some courtship.

Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous; phytoplankton, zooplankton, and aquatic insects,

supplemented by plant material

Common Name: Kissing Gourami

Scientific Name: Helostoma temminckii


Swim / Locomotion Style:



Common Name: Lake Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus namaycush

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes

Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salvelinus

Species: namaycush

Geography / Habitat: Canada, Alaska, Great Lakes, and New England. needs deep water refugia,

high oxygen levels

Life Strategy: lay eggs in gravel substrate, which winter long time b/c of cold water

Food / Feed Strategy: piscivorous, especially alewives, smelt, sculpin and chubs

Common Name: Lake Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus namaycush





Common Name: Lake Whitefish

Scientific Name: Coregonus clupeaformis


Family: Salmonidae Genus: Coregonus

Species: clupeaformis

Geography / Habitat: Large deepwater lakes, Canada and Alaska

Life Strategy: fairly sedentary, seasonal movements in water column. Large group spawnings

Food / Feed Strategy: insects, mollusks, fish eggs and fry. Forage on lake bottom

Common Name: Lake Whitefish

Scientific Name: Coregonus clupeaformis





Common Name: Longnose gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus osseus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Semionotiformes

Family: Lepisosteidae Genus: Lepisosteus

Species: osseus

Geography / Habitat: Sluggish water in large lakes and rivers, Eastern U.S.

Life Strategy: No raising of young. female selects mate from up to 15 males

Food / Feed Strategy: Piscivorous; shad, bluegill, bullheads

Common Name: Longnose Gar


Body Form or Style: Sagittiform




Common Name: Muskellunge

Scientific Name: Esox masquinongy

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Esociformes

Family: Esocidae Genus: Esox

Species: masquinongy

Geography / Habitat: North American rivers and lakes, clear water

Life Strategy: loners or loose packs, random spawning, no nests

Food / Feed Strategy: top predators. Eat fish, frogs, ducklings, mice











Species: masquinongy

Geography / Habitat: North American rivers and lakes, clear water

Life Strategy: loners or loose packs, random spawning, no nests

Food / Feed Strategy: top predators. Eat fish, frogs, ducklings, mice







Common Name: Oscar

Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Astronotus

Species: ocellatus

Geography / Habitat: Amazon River Basin, slow moving white-water

Life Strategy: mates pair up, lay 1,000-3,000 eggs on flat surface

Food / Feed Strategy: eats anything that fits in its mouth, although not aggressive except in mating

rituals

Common Name: Oscar

Scientific Name: Astronotus ocellatus





Common Name: Pacu

Scientific Name: Piaractus mesopotamicus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Characiformes

Family: Characidae Genus: Piaractus

Species: mesopotamicus

Geography / Habitat: Paraguay-Paraná River basin

Life Strategy: Solitary, robust, lives alone unless breeding

Food / Feed Strategy: eats nuts, fruits, and seeds that fall into water

Common Name: Pacu

Scientific Name: Piaractus mesopotamicus





Common Name: Peacock Cichlid

Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Aulonocara

Species: hansbaenschi

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi, cave dweller

Life Strategy: Ovophile mouthbrooders, matriarchal family. Mother keeps eggs in mouth, and thinks

egg-spots on male‟s tail are eggs. In attempting to add the egg-spots, the real eggs are fertilized

Food / Feed Strategy: omnivorous, eats almost anything (worms, small crustaceans, insects, etc.)

Common Name: Peacock Cichlid

Scientific Name: Aulonocara hansbaenschi





Common Name: Channel Catfish

Scientific Name: Hepsetus odoe

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes

Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Hepsetus

Species: odoe

Geography / Habitat: banks of rivers near heavy vegetation, swamp areas, West African rivers

Life Strategy: builds bubble nests, guards aggressively, spawns during flood season

Food / Feed Strategy: piscivorous – feeds on several kinds of smaller fish. often cichlids.

Common Name: Pike Characid

Scientific Name: Hepsetus odoe


Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform



Common Name: Piranha

Scientific Name: Pygocentrus nattereri


Family: Characidae Genus: Pygocentrus

Species: nattereri

Geography / Habitat: Whitewater streams, South America

Life Strategy: bowl-shaped nests in sediment, circular courtship ritual

Food / Feed Strategy: swarm in vegetation, 20-30 attack prey. Or chasing and scavenging. Small

fish in morning, large fish in afternoon

Common Name: Piranha

Scientific Name: Pygocentrus nattereri


Swim / Locomotion Style: subcarangiform



Common Name: Pirate Perch

Scientific Name: Aphredoderus sayanus

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percopsiformes

Family: Aphredoderidae Genus: Aphredoderus

Species: sayanus

Geography / Habitat: Clear warm water with low currents, North America (Mississippi Valley)

Life Strategy: solitary and vicious (name comes from eating all other fish in aquarium) mostly

nocturnal. Lay eggs in underwater root masses

Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous – immature insects, small crustaceans, small fish

Common Name: Pirate Perch

Scientific Name: Aphredoderus sayanus





Common Name: Black Bullhead Catfish

Scientific Name: Ameiurus melas


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Ameiurus

Species: melas

Geography / Habitat: Mexico to Canada, Appalachians to Arizona. Most freshwater habitats (small

ponds to big lakes). Very tolerant

Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Nest brooders, 2,000-3,800 eggs

Food / Feed Strategy: Ostracods, Amphipods,Copepods, insects/larvae. Carnivorous



Body Form or Style: Bottom Rover




Common Name: Striped Raphael Catfish

Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus


Family: Mochokidae Genus: Platydoras

Species: armatulus

Geography / Habitat: Amazon, Orinoco, Essequibo Rivers in French-Guiana

Life Strategy: Burrow in soft, sandy river bottoms, live life there. nocturnal

Food / Feed Strategy: bottom-feeding carnivores

Common Name: Striped Raphael Catfish

Scientific Name: Platydoras armatulus





Common Name: Upside-down Catfish

Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris


Family: Mochokidae Genus: Synodontis

Species: nigriventris

Geography / Habitat: Central Congo basin of Africa

Life Strategy: After 2 months old, swims upside-down for rest of life. Egg-layers

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous – insects, crustaceans, and plant matter

Common Name: Upside Down Catfish

Scientific Name: Synodontis nigriventris





Common Name: White Bass

Scientific Name: Morone chrysops

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Percoidei

Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Morone

Species: chrysops

Geography / Habitat: unvegetated, open, large bodies of water. S. Canada to Northeast Mexico

Life Strategy: Dense schooling. No courtship – random fertilization

Food / Feed Strategy: Piscivorous, eats perch, shad, carp, bullheads, and others

Common Name: White Bass

Scientific Name: Morone chrysops





Common Name: White Perch

Scientific Name: Morone americana


Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Morone

Species: americana

Geography / Habitat: Lakes and reservoirs along Atlantic coast from New Jersey to S. Carolina

Life Strategy: Use creeks and small rivers as nursery for juveniles. Reside in bottom of large lakes

during winter

Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivorous, mainly piscivorous. Also fish eggs, insects, crustaceans

Common Name: White Perch

Scientific Name: Morone americana





Common Name: Yellow Bullhead Catfish

Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis


Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ameiurus

Species: natalis

Geography / Habitat: Backwaters with a slow current, rivers and streams, Eastern U.S.

Life Strategy: digs protected nests next to tree stumps, rocks, etc. fry kept in tight schools

Food / Feed Strategy: Opportunistic feeders, omnivorous

Common Name: Yellow Bullhead Catfish

Scientific Name: Ameiurus natalis





Common Name: Adolfo‟s Cory

Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Ostariophysi

Family: Callichthyidae Genus: Corydoras

Species: adolfoi

Geography / Habitat: Bottom-dweller, Brazil, rivers of S. America

Life Strategy: Peaceful schooling fish

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, sucks material off bottom

Common Name: Adolfo‟s Cory

Scientific Name: Corydoras adolfoi





Common Name: African Glass Catfish

Scientific Name: Pareutropius buffei


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Pareutropius

Species: buffei

Geography / Habitat: Niger River Watershed, near riverbanks or floodplains

Life Strategy: Peaceful, but active, lives in small groups, uncommonly seen

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivores who eat almost anything, bottom-feeders

Common Name: African Glass Catfish

Scientific Name: Pareutropius buffei





Common Name: Alligator gar




Species: osseus

Geography / Habitat: Large lakes, rivers, bayous, Southeast United States

Life Strategy: Oviparous – no raising of eggs. Solitary and aggressive

Food / Feed Strategy: opportunistic carnivores, sit-and-wait predators

Common Name: Alligator Gar






Common Name: Betta

Scientific Name: Betta Splendens


Family: Osphronemidae Genus: Betta

Species: Splendens

Geography / Habitat: Asian Swamps

Life Strategy: uses colors when agitated or mating

Food / Feed Strategy: zooplankton and mosquito larvae, carnivorous

Common Name: Betta

Scientific Name: Betta Splendens








Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ameiurus

Species: melas

Geography / Habitat: Mexico to Canada, Appalachians to Arizona. Most freshwater habitats (small

ponds to big lakes). Very tolerant

Life Strategy: Nocturnal. Nest brooders, 2,000-3,800 eggs

Food / Feed Strategy: Ostracods, Amphipods,Copepods, insects/larvae. Carnivorous







Common Name: Bleeding Heart Tetra

Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma


Family: Characidae Genus: Hyphessobrycon

Species: erythrostigma

Geography / Habitat: dense vegetation, inland tropical rivers/ streams, Amazon River Basin

Life Strategy: Spawn, then drop eggs and leave

Food / Feed Strategy: wide variety – crustaceans, insects, etc.

Common Name: Bleeding Heart Tetra

Scientific Name: Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma





Common Name: Bloater

Scientific Name: Coregonus hoyi


Family: Salmonidae Genus: Coregonus

Species: hoyi

Geography / Habitat: On or near bottom, Great Lakes except Lake Erie

Life Strategy: daytime on bottom, night-time rises in water column for feeding. Spring spawning

Food / Feed Strategy: Copepods, fish eggs, clams

Common Name: Bloater

Scientific Name: Coregonus hoyi





Common Name: Blue Ahli

Scientific Name: Melanochromis Johanni


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Sciaenochromis

Species: Ahli

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi, deep water, rocky areas

Life Strategy: very aggressive and territorial, males develop coloring, but females don‟t

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, likes crustaceans, small fish, small insects

Common Name: Blue Ahli

Scientific Name: Sciaenochromis ahli





Common Name: Blue Ram

Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Mikrogeophagus

Species: ramirezi

Geography / Habitat: slow-flowing water, South American Streams

Life Strategy: mostly bluff, not very aggressive. Have strong pair bonds from juvenile age

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, likes crustaceans, small fish, small insects

Common Name: Blue Ram

Scientific Name: Mikrogeophagus ramirezi





Common Name: Bristlenose Plecostomus

Scientific Name: Ancistrus temminckii


Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Ancistrus

Species: temminckii

Geography / Habitat: West African, Middle Eastern, S. American streams and rivers

Life Strategy: Male selects a mate, several hundred eggs on flat surface, eggs defended agressively

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores- insects, crustaceans, Caridina (shrimps, prawns)

Common Name: Bristlenose Pleco

Scientific Name: Ancistrus temminckii

Body Form or Style: Bottom rover


Mouth Position: inferior


Common Name: Brook Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis



Species: fontinalis

Geography / Habitat: Rivers and lakes, Eastern coast, Hudson Bay to Georgia. Require escape

cover

Life Strategy: fairly territorial and aggressive. Migrate short distances upstream to spawn.

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore – anything that fits in mouth. Insects, worms, crustaceans, etc.

Common Name: Broook Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis





Common Name: Brown Trout

Scientific Name: Salmo trutta


Family: Salmonidae Genus: Salmo

Species: trutta

Geography / Habitat: Europe (Iceland and Mediterranean area), rivers and streams

Life Strategy: Spawn, then move downstream for winter, take refuge in secluded, slow-moving areas

Food / Feed Strategy: mainly large aquatic insects, also food washed from banks

Common Name: Brown Trout

Scientific Name: Salmo trutta





Common Name: Bull Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus



Species: confluentus

Geography / Habitat: Northwest North America (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, etc.) medium to large

rivers, large lakes

Life Strategy: migratory during spawning time, spawning not possible in still water

Food / Feed Strategy: piscovorous, also eats some small invertebrates

Common Name: Bull Trout

Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus





Common Name: Burbot

Scientific Name: Lota lota

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gadiformes

Family: Lotidae Genus: Pseudodoras

Species: niger

Geography / Habitat: Deep lakes or slow-moving river bottoms; Nearctic and Palearctic regions

Life Strategy: migrate to shallow waster for spawning, wintertime

Food / Feed Strategy: Piscovores – hunt similar to pikes (lie in wait) but less emphasis on sight

Common Name: Burbot

Scientific Name: Lota lota





Common Name: Sheatfish

Scientific Name: Silurus glanis


Family: Siluridae Genus: Silurus

Species: glanis

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Europe; large lakes, mud bottoms, especially near dams

Life Strategy: Males guard eggs where female lays

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous, eats mollusks, crustaceans, and larger animals, like birds, voles,

and snakes

Common Name: Sheatfish

Scientific Name: Silurus glanis

Body Form or Style: Taeniform





Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatu


Family: Ictaluridae Genus: Ictalurus

Species: punctatu

Geography / Habitat: varying depths, but during day hide in holes, moving or standing water, lower

Canada and Midwest U.S.

Life Strategy: monogamous, long mating ritual

Food / Feed Strategy: taste buds all over body, one large mouth. Eats snails, algae, snakes, frogs,

insects, aquatic plants, and birds sometimes


Scientific Name: Ictalurus punctatu





Common Name: Archerfish

Scientific Name: Toxotes chatareus


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Toxotes

Species: chatareus

Geography / Habitat: Australia, India, Malasia, Thailand, and Vietnam

Life Strategy: Peaceful egglayer

Food / Feed Strategy: shoots insects above water with a quick, powerful jet of water

Common Name: Common Archer

Scientific Name: Toxotes chatareus





Common Name: Common Hatchetfish

Scientific Name: Gasteropelecus sternicla


Family: Gasteropelecidae Genus: Gasteropelecus

Species: sternicla

Geography / Habitat: Surface-dweller, likes vegetated shores, but ventures out when schooled

Life Strategy: Hydroplanes out of water to avoid predators. breed during rainy season

Food / Feed Strategy: primarily insects and larvae

Common Name: Common Hatchetfish

Scientific Name: Gasteropelecus sternicla





Common Name: Convict Cichlid

Scientific Name: Cichlasomatinae amatitlania


Family: Cichlidae Genus: Cichlasomatinae

Species: Amatitlania

Geography / Habitat: Central American Streams, Guatemala to Costa Rica, Honduras to Panama.

Life Strategy: parental care of eggs, aggressive protection, assisted feeding, use mouth to transport

fry to nest

Food / Feed Strategy: flakes optimal, will eat pellets. Needs animal protein – vegetable protein good

too

Common Name: Convict Cichlid

Scientific Name: Cichlasomatinae amatitlania


Swim / Locomotion Style:

Mouth Position: terminal


Common Name: Cuiu cuiu

Scientific Name: Pseudodoras niger


Family: Doradidae Genus: Pseudodoras

Species: niger

Geography / Habitat: South America, large rivers, not tributaries. Blackwater and whitewater.

Life Strategy: Annual fish run upstream from Amazon basin

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous; crustaceans, snails, seeds, fruits

Common Name: Cuiu cuiu

Scientific Name: Pseudodoras niger





Common Name: Dolphin Cichlid

Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii


Family: Osphronemidae Genus: Cyrtocara

Species: moorii

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi

Life Strategy: follows special feeding strategy

Food / Feed Strategy: follows behind substrate-digging cichlids and eats remnants of their meals

Common Name: Dolphin Cichlid

Scientific Name: Cyrtocara moorii





Common Name: Electric Blue Johanii



Family: Cichlidae Genus: Melanochromis

Species: Johanni

Geography / Habitat: East African Lake Malawi

Life Strategy: Typical mouthbrooding mbuna, aggressive and territorial

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous, needs plant and animal protein

Common Name: Electric Blue Johanii






Common Name: Electric Yellow Lab

Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus


Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Labidochromis

Species: Caeruleus

Geography / Habitat: African Lake Malawi

Life Strategy: Mouthbrooder – eggs laid, fry hatched and raised in mother‟s mouth

Food / Feed Strategy: in wild eats crawfish and insect larvae. omnivorous, eats most aquarium

foods, needs strong vegetable component

Common Name: Electric Yellow Cichlid

Scientific Name: Labidochromis caeruleus



Mouth Position: terminal


Common Name: Emperor Tetra

Scientific Name: Nematobrycon palmeri


Family: Characidae Genus: Nematobrycon

Species: palmeri

Geography / Habitat: Pelagic rivers, Western Colombia, S. America

Life Strategy: long spawning, external fertilization. One egg spawned at a time. No guarding of

eggs, but may eat

Food / Feed Strategy: Very omnivorous. In one year, consumes 60 times body weight

Common Name: Emperor Tetra

Scientific Name: Nematobrycon palmeri





Common Name: Featherfin Catfish

Scientific Name: Synodontis eupterus


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Synodontis

Species: eupterus

Geography / Habitat: Chad, Niger (White Nile River). Bottom-dweller

Life Strategy: aggressive, long life (18 years), lay eggs, not mouthbrooder

Food / Feed Strategy: Omnivorous

Common Name: Featherfin Catfish

Scientific Name: Synodontis eupterus


Swim / Locomotion Style: carangiform



Common Name: Florida gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus



Species: platyrhincus

Geography / Habitat: Lowland streams or lakes, muddy bottoms, abundant vegetation. Florida and

some nearby areas

Life Strategy: Travel in groups of 2-10. dry season–burrow in marsh sediments.

Food / Feed Strategy: Ram feeding (high velocity lunge, slow stalk). eats fish, shrimp, and crayfish

Common Name: Florida Gar

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus





Common Name: Freshwater Drum

Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens


Family: Sciaenidae Genus: Aplodinotus

Species: grunniens

Geography / Habitat: Slack currents and backwaters, large rivers or lakes, Hudson Bay to

Guatemala

Life Strategy: lays floating eggs seasonally. Nocturnal schooling fish

Food / Feed Strategy: predators, search bottom in schools

Common Name: Freshwater Drum

Scientific Name: Aplodinotus grunniens





Common Name: Giraffe Cichlid

Scientific Name: Nimbochromis Venustus


Family: Siluriformes Genus: Nimbochromis

Species: Venustus

Geography / Habitat: Lake Malawi, Africa, deeper regions

Life Strategy: lives in deep regions to hunt juveniles due to special techniques

Food / Feed Strategy: hunts juvenile cichlids, burrows into sand to hide, then attacks prey when

approaches

Common Name: Giraffe Cichlid

Scientific Name: Nimbochromis Venustus





Common Name: Grass Pickerel

Scientific Name: Esox americanus



Species: americanus

Geography / Habitat: clear lakes, slow waters, Atlantic coast of N. America

Life Strategy: Solitary and aggressively predaceous unless spawning

Food / Feed Strategy: camouflages, then darts out to catch prey. Insects, other fishes, crustaceans

Common Name: Grass Pickerel

Scientific Name: Esox americanus





Common Name: Jewel Cichlid

Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus


Family: Cichlidaes Genus: Hemichromis

Species: bimaculatus

Geography / Habitat: West African, Middle Eastern, S. American streams and rivers

Life Strategy: Male selects a mate, several hundred eggs on flat surface, eggs defended agressively

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivores- insects, crustaceans, Caridina (shrimps, prawns)

Common Name: Jewel Cichlid

Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus




Title: Saltwater/Marine Invertebrates Species #: 98

Common Name: Common Cuttlefish

Scientific Name: Sepia officinalis

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Sepiida

Family: Sepiidae Genus: Sepia

Species: officinalis

Geography / Habitat: Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic, reefs or channels up to 80 ft. deep. found

on bottom covered in sand

Life Strategy: Internal fertilization, no larval stage. very smart for invertebrate. camouflage with

sandy bottom for protection

Food / Feed Strategy: captures, paralyzes with poison or crushes with beak. eats small fish, shrimp,

crabs, crustaceans

Common Name: Common Cuttlefish

Scientific Name: Sepia officinalis


Swim / Locomotion Style: Jet Propulsion



Common Name: Ram‟s Horn Squid

Scientific Name: Spirula spirula

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Spirulida

Family: Spirulidae Genus: Spirula

Species: Spirula

Geography / Habitat: tropical coastal waters, daytime 500-1000 meters, night 100-300 meters

Life Strategy: male implants sperm sac, female lays eggs with nutrients until hatching, then young

are independent

Food / Feed Strategy: nocturnal hunter, eats small fish and crustaceans

Common Name: Ram‟s Horn Squid

Scientific Name: Spirula spirula

Body Form or Style: Squid-like




Common Name: Longfinned Squid

Scientific Name: Loligo forbesii

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida

Family: Loliginidae Genus: Loligo

Species: forbesii

Geography / Habitat: All open coast, Eastern Atlantic, near sandy or muddy bottoms

Life Strategy: up to 100,000 eggs, provided with yolk sac, no further parental investment.

Food / Feed Strategy: eats smaller organisms (fish, other mollusks, etc.)

Common Name: Longfinned Squid

Scientific Name: Loligo forbesii





Common Name: Longfinned Inshore Squid

Scientific Name: Loligo pealeii

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida

Family: Loliginidae Genus: Loligo

Species: pealeii

Geography / Habitat: Eastern Continental shelf of N. America, Gulf of Mexico, shallow waters

Life Strategy: males court females, females lay 200-egg packets on sea floor to be fertilized. changes

color for courtship and defense

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; other squid, crustaceans, fishes, shrimp

Common Name: Longfinned Inshore Squid

Scientific Name: Loligo pealeii





Common Name: N/A

Scientific Name: Stauroteuthis syrtensis

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda

Family: Stauroteuthidae Genus: Stauroteuthis

Species: syrtensis

Geography / Habitat: Waters off continental shelf, Eastern N. America, open water, near bottom

Life Strategy: because it‟s deep-water, little known about mating or parental care. Internal

fertilization, lays about 900 eggs

Food / Feed Strategy: small crustaceans, mainly copepods. bioluminescence of suckers may attract

prey

B

Common Name: N/A

Scientific Name: Stauroteuthis syrtensis

Body Form or Style: Octopod




Common Name: Greater Argonaut

Scientific Name: Argonauta argo


Family: Argonautidae Genus: Argonauta

Species: argo

Geography / Habitat: near surface, epipelagic. tropical oceans worldwide

Life Strategy: male has special leg for fertilizing which breaks off. female creates shell for eggs

before hatching

Food / Feed Strategy: feeds on plankton and small organisms on surface

Common Name: Greater Argonaut

Scientific Name: Argonauta argo

Body Form or Style: Shelled Octopod




Common Name: Knobby Argonaut

Scientific Name: Argonauta nodosa


Family: Argonautidae Genus: Argonauta

Species: nodosa

Geography / Habitat: surface level in open ocean, all oceans, most abundant by South Australia

Life Strategy: sexual, internal fertilization, female raises eggs inside brood chamber of shell until

ready to release

Food / Feed Strategy: crayfish, crabs, and bivalves

Common Name: Knobby Argonaut

Scientific Name: Argonauta nodosa

Body Form or Style: Shelled octopod




Common Name: Greater Blue-ringed Octopus

Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena lunulata


Family: Octopodidae Genus: Hapalochlaena

Species: lunulata

Geography / Habitat: Indowest Pacific and Indian Oceans, shallow coral and rock pools

Life Strategy: female guards 60-100 eggs for 50 days, doesn‟t even eat, dies upon hatching

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivorous; fish, crabs, mollusks, small marine organisms

Common Name: Greater Blue-ringed Octopus

Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena lunulata





Common Name: Blue-ringed Octopus

Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena maculosa


Family: Octopodidae Genus: Hapalochlaena

Species: maculosa

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific tidal rock pools

Life Strategy: male courts respondent females with colors, female carries eggs, young hatch as

planktonic paralarvae

Food / Feed Strategy: poisonous, may inject neuropoison into water or with bite. extremely toxic.

carnivorous; shrimp, crustaceans, etc.

Common Name: Blue-ringed Octopus

Scientific Name: Hapalochlaena maculosa





Common Name: Common Octopus

Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris


Family: Octopodidae Genus: Octopus

Species: vulgaris

Geography / Habitat: worldwide distribution, warm/tropical waters, surface to 150 meters deep

Life Strategy: females settle in shelter, lay and brood 100,000-500,000 eggs, die shortly after from

no eating

Food / Feed Strategy: active predators, primarily gastropods and bivalves

Common Name: Common Octopus

Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris





Common Name: Caribbean Reef Octopus

Scientific Name: Octopus briareus



Species: briareus

Geography / Habitat: Warm, shallow water, around Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. rocky reefs or

seagrass beds

Life Strategy: male mounts, injects sperm. Female settles, broods eggs until hatched, fully

independent offspring.

Food / Feed Strategy: primarily small crustaceans, especially crabs. waits for prey pass lair

Common Name: Caribbean Reef Octopus

Scientific Name: Octopus briareus





Common Name: Joubin‟s Octopus

Scientific Name: Octopus joubini



Species: joubini

Geography / Habitat: Inhabit empty shells in coral reef, shallow water, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean

Sea to Guyanas

Life Strategy: short (5 minute) mating, then female lays eggs, broods, dies after hatching

Food / Feed Strategy: Mostly eats crabs (most convenient), also some snails

Common Name: Joubin‟s Octopus

Scientific Name: Octopus joubini





Common Name: Vampire Squid

Scientific Name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Vampyromorpha

Family: Vampyroteuthidae Genus: Vampyroteuthis

Species: infernalis

Geography / Habitat: Prefers no light (1,500-2,500m), tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide

Life Strategy: female discharges eggs after mating, free-float, no further care

Food / Feed Strategy: Carnivore; eats when it can catch. very slow metabolic rate. not aggressive

Common Name: Vampire Squid

Scientific Name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis





Common Name: Chambered Nautilus

Scientific Name: Nautilus pompilius

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Nautilida

Family: Nautilidae Genus: Nautilus

Species: pompilius

Geography / Habitat: Indo-Pacific, near bottoms of coral reefs

Life Strategy: male attaches sperm packet to female‟s shell, female creates eggs, lays. hatched

young are miniature adults, independent

Food / Feed Strategy: uses sense of smell, not sight, to eat fish, crabs, carrion

Common Name: Chambered Nautilus

Scientific Name: Nautilus pompilius

Body Form or Style: Shelled cephalopod




Common Name: California Seahare

Scientific Name: Aplysia californica

Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea

Family: Aplysiidae Genus: Aplysia

Species: californica

Geography / Habitat: coastal regions with thick vegetation, California coast

Life Strategy: hermaphroditic, reproduces sexually, eggs in sacs coiled around rocks/seaweed

Food / Feed Strategy: herbivorous, eats algae and eelgrass

Common Name: California Seahare

Scientific Name: Aplysia californica

Body Form or Style: Nudibranch

Swim / Locomotion Style: Foot



Common Name: Spotted Sea Hare

Scientific Name: Aplysia dactylomela

Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea

Family: Aplysiidae Genus: Aplysia

Species: dactylomela

Geography / Habitat: sea grass beds, tropical waters worldwide

Life Strategy: hermaphroditic, can form chains of up to 12, acting as male and female

simultaneously. very little investment in offspring beyond eggyolk

Food / Feed Strategy: eats red and green algae

Common Name: Spotted Sea Hare

Scientific Name: Aplysia dactylomela

Body Form or Style: Nudibranch




Common Name: Florida Horse Conch

Scientific Name: Pleuroploca gigantea

Class: Gastropoda Order: Neogastropoda

Family: Fasciolariidae Genus: Pleuroploca

Species: gigantea

Geography / Habitat: sand and weeds, shallow water, Eastern N. America (Gulf of Mexico,

Southeastern U.S.)

Life Strategy: sexual; attaches capsules to rocks or old shells

Food / Feed Strategy: carnivore, eats bivalves and other snails

Common Name: Florida Horse Conch

Scientific Name: Pleuroploca gigantea

Body Form or Style: Shelled gastropod




Common Name: Northern Abalone

Scientific Name: Haliotis kamtschatkana

Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda

Family: Haliotididae Genus: Haliotis

Species: kamtschatkana

Geography / Habitat: Pacific coast of North America, rocky substrate, algae

Life Strategy: external fertilization, 48-hour larval stage

Food / Feed Strategy: herbivores, graze on coralline algae

Common Name: Northern Abalone

Scientific Name: Haliotis kamtschatkana





Common Name: Red Abalone

Scientific Name: Haliotis rufescens

Class: Gastropoda Order: Archaeogastropoda

Family: Haliotididae Genus: Haliotis

Species: rufescens

Geography / Habitat: Southern Oregon to Baja California, intertidal zones, attached to rocks

Life Strategy: external fertilization, eggs and sperm released together. up to 2 million eggs per

spawning season, larval stage (veligers) for 2 months

Food / Feed Strategy: herbivore, grazes on algae, kelp, plankton

Common Name: Red Abalone

Scientific Name: Haliotis rufescens




Title: Marine/Saltwater Invertebrates Species #: 117

Common Name: Cherry Stone Clam

Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Veneridae Genus: Mercenaria

Species: mercenaria

Geography / Habitat: intertidal zones down to 10m, mud flats and sand flats, east coast of North

America

Life Strategy: high density spawning, males and females all release gametes together, eggs become

trocophore larvae first

Food / Feed Strategy: suspension feeder, eats plankton by filtering water

Common Name: Cherry Stone Clam

Scientific Name: Mercenaria mercenaria




Title: Freshwater Invertebrates Species #: 118

Common Name: Zebra Mussel

Scientific Name: Dreissena polymorpha

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Dreissenidae Genus: Dreissena

Species: polymorpha

Geography / Habitat: Danube, Dniester, Volga, and Ural rivers, hard surfaces in still or slow-

moving water

Life Strategy: external fertilization, gametes released into water, up to 1 million eggs per year

Food / Feed Strategy: filter-feeder, eats mainly unicellular organisms. Algae, plankton, etc.

Common Name: Zebra Mussel

Scientific Name: Dreissena polymorpha

Body Form or Style: Bivalve




Common Name: Mucket

Scientific Name: Actinonaias ligamentina

Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida

Family: Unionidae Genus: Actinonaias

Species: ligamentina

Geography / Habitat: Eastern to Central U.S., medium to large rivers, good flow, sand or gravel

substrate

Life Strategy: separate sexes, internal fertilization, viviparous. females brood eggs in marsupial

pouch

Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeder, pump water with incurrent and excurrent siphons, eat plankton,

algae

Common Name: Mucket

Scientific Name: Actinonaias ligamentina





Common Name: Elktoe

Scientific Name: Alasmidonta marginata


Family: Unionidae Genus: Alasmidonta

Species: marginata

Geography / Habitat: Great Lakes region, large creeks, mixed sand and gravel substrate

Life Strategy: females brood eggs in pouch, glochidia (larvae) hatch, no further parenting. internal

fertilization, sperm sucked in by female from water

Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeders, pump in water with filters. Eat anything it filters out of water

Common Name: Elktoe

Scientific Name: Alasmidonta marginata





Common Name: Slippershell Mussel

Scientific Name: Alasmidonta viridis


Family: Unionidae Genus: Alasmidonta

Species: viridis

Geography / Habitat: buried in sand and gravel, small creeks and rivers in Michigan area

Life Strategy: viviparous, glochidia released from female when developed

Food / Feed Strategy: typical suspension filter feeder, sucks in plankton and algae to eat

Common Name: Slippershell Mussel

Scientific Name: Alasmidonta viridis





Common Name: Threeridge

Scientific Name: Amblema plicata


Family: Unionidae Genus: Amblema

Species: plicata

Geography / Habitat: Mississippi, Gulf of Mexico and St. Lawrence drainages, substrates include

sand, gravel, and mud

Life Strategy: gonochoristic (separate sexes), viviparous, internal fertilization, short-term brooding

Food / Feed Strategy: filter feeder, siphons in surrounding water, traps food particles, expels the rest

Common Name: Threeridge

Scientific Name: Amblema plicata




1 http://a-z-animals.com/animals/grey-reef-shark/ 2 http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/bull-shark/ 3 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/blacktip/blacktipshark.html 4 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/tigershark/tigershark.htm 5 http://www.topp.org/species/white_shark 6 http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/wtreefshark/wtreefshark.html 7 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=383 8 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=96 9 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=87 10 http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=373

http://a-z-animals.com/animals/grey-reef-shark/

http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/bull-shark/

http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/gallery/descript/blacktip/blacktipshark.html

Fish ID project Coach Arringtons

Documents